rhi-20240331

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED March 31, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM to .

Commission File Number 1-10427

ROBERT HALF INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		94-1648752
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2884 Sand Hill Road
Suite 200
Menlo Park,	California	94025
(Address of principal executive offices)		(zip-code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 234-6000


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	RHI	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock as of April 30, 2024:

104,932,609 shares of $0.001 par value Common Stock

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ROBERT HALF INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except share amounts)


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	540,939	$	731,740
Accounts receivable, net	861,450		860,872
Employee deferred compensation trust assets	622,605		571,046
Other current assets	161,661		133,481
Total current assets	2,186,655		2,297,139
Property and equipment, net	107,410		108,809
Right-of-use assets	208,140		209,256

Goodwill	237,726		237,970
Noncurrent deferred income taxes	133,529		140,135
Other noncurrent assets	16,242		17,480
Total assets	$	2,889,702	$	3,010,789
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	145,302	$	156,662
Accrued payroll and benefit costs	327,212		413,933
Employee deferred compensation plan obligations	607,750		572,913
Income taxes payable	23,619		11,144

Current operating lease liabilities	75,657		80,459
Total current liabilities	1,179,540		1,235,111

Noncurrent operating lease liabilities	165,328		161,440
Other noncurrent liabilities	25,589		25,887
Total liabilities	1,370,457		1,422,438
Commitments and Contingencies (Note K)
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued	—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value; authorized 260,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 104,932,482 shares and 105,208,817 shares	105		105
Additional paid-in capital	1,371,479		1,354,703
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(44,005)		(32,626)
Retained earnings	191,666		266,169
Total stockholders’ equity	1,519,245		1,588,351
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	2,889,702	$	3,010,789

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

are an integral part of these financial statements.

ROBERT HALF INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023

Service revenues	$	1,475,937	$	1,716,335
Costs of services	913,140		1,026,603
Gross margin	562,797		689,732
Selling, general and administrative expenses	521,595		552,229
Income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts (which is completely offset by related costs and expenses - Note A)	(43,376)		(27,291)
Amortization of intangible assets	304		721
Interest income, net	(6,413)		(4,825)
Income before income taxes	90,687		168,898
Provision for income taxes	26,986		46,893
Net income	$	63,701	$	122,005

Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.61	$	1.15
Diluted	$	0.61	$	1.14

Weighted average shares:
Basic	103,787		106,420
Diluted	104,399		107,130

Dividends declared per share	$	0.53	$	0.48

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

are an integral part of these financial statements.

ROBERT HALF INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS):
Net income	$	63,701	$	122,005
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax	(11,422)		4,852
Foreign defined benefit plan adjustments, net of tax	43		34
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(11,379)		4,886
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	52,322	$	126,891

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

are an integral part of these financial statements.

ROBERT HALF INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Retained Earnings		Total
	Shares	Par Value
Balance at December 31, 2023	105,209	$	105	$	1,354,703	$	(32,626)	$	266,169	$	1,588,351
Net income	—	—		—		—		63,701		63,701
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		(11,379)		—		(11,379)
Dividends declared ($0.53 per share)	—	—		—		—		(56,382)		(56,382)
Net issuances of restricted stock	751	1		(1)		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		16,777		—		—		16,777
Repurchases of common stock	(1,028)	(1)		—		—		(81,822)		(81,823)
Balance at March 31, 2024	104,932	$	105	$	1,371,479	$	(44,005)	$	191,666	$	1,519,245


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Retained Earnings		Total
	Shares	Par Value
Balance at December 31, 2022	107,698	$	108	$	1,293,565	$	(43,623)	$	318,508	$	1,568,558
Net income	—	—		—		—		122,005		122,005
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—		—		4,886		—		4,886
Dividends declared ($0.48 per share)	—	—		—		—		(52,529)		(52,529)
Net issuances of restricted stock	831	1		(1)		—		—		—
Stock-based compensation	—	—		15,434		—		—		15,434
Repurchases of common stock	(766)	(1)		—		—		(59,872)		(59,873)
Balance at March 31, 2023	107,763	$	108	$	1,308,998	$	(38,737)	$	328,112	$	1,598,481

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

are an integral part of these financial statements.

ROBERT HALF INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	63,701	$	122,005
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Allowance for credit losses	183		2,934
Depreciation	13,004		12,738
Amortization of cloud computing implementation costs	9,183		8,188
Amortization of intangible assets	304		721
Realized and unrealized gains from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts	(41,305)		(25,728)
Stock-based compensation	16,777		15,434
Deferred income taxes	6,602		3,102
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	(7,042)		9,772
Capitalized cloud computing implementation costs	(8,391)		(10,457)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	(5,756)		(10,216)
Accrued payroll and benefit costs	(83,490)		(91,740)
Employee deferred compensation plan obligations	34,837		21,970
Income taxes payable	10,044		29,909
Other assets and liabilities, net	(24,570)		(23,109)
Net cash flows (used in) provided by operating activities	(15,919)		65,523

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Capital expenditures	(11,780)		(9,369)
Investments in employee deferred compensation trusts	(32,643)		(71,302)
Proceeds from employee deferred compensation trust redemptions	22,389		18,600
Payments for acquisition	—		(700)
Net cash flows used in investing activities	(22,034)		(62,771)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

Repurchases of common stock	(85,887)		(63,244)
Dividends paid	(57,502)		(53,717)
Net cash flows used in financing activities	(143,389)		(116,961)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations	(9,459)		3,312
Change in cash and cash equivalents	(190,801)		(110,897)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	731,740		658,626
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	540,939	$	547,729

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Non-cash items:


Fund exchanges within employee deferred compensation trusts	$	29,073	$	50,213
Contingent consideration related to acquisition	$	350	$	600

The accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

are an integral part of these financial statements.

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

March 31, 2024

Note A—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Operations. Robert Half Inc. (the “Company”) is a specialized talent solutions and business consulting firm, connecting highly skilled job seekers with rewarding opportunities at great companies. Robert Half® offers contract talent solutions and permanent placement talent solutions for finance and accounting, technology, marketing and creative, legal, administrative and customer support, and provides executive search services. Robert Half is also the parent company of Protiviti®, a global consulting firm that delivers internal audit, risk, business, and technology consulting solutions. The Company operates in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The Company is a Delaware corporation.

Basis of Presentation. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (“Financial Statements”) of the Company are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The comparative year-end Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position data presented was derived from audited financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair statement of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented have been included. These Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023, included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of, nor comparable to, the results of operations for a full year.

Principles of Consolidation. The Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. As of March 31, 2024, such estimates include allowances for credit losses, variable consideration, workers’ compensation losses, accrued medical expenses, income and other taxes, and assumptions used in the Company’s goodwill impairment assessment and in the valuation of stock grants subject to market conditions. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.

Service Revenues. The Company derives its revenues from three segments: contract talent solutions, permanent placement talent solutions, and Protiviti. Revenues are recognized when promised goods or services are delivered to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. See Note C for further discussion of the revenue recognition accounting policy.

Costs of Services. Direct costs of contract talent solutions consist of payroll, payroll taxes, and benefit costs for the Company’s engagement professionals, as well as reimbursable expenses. Direct costs of permanent placement talent solutions consist of reimbursable expenses. Protiviti direct costs of services include professional staff payroll, payroll taxes and benefit costs, as well as reimbursable expenses.

Advertising Costs. The Company expenses all advertising costs as incurred. Advertising costs were $13.2 million and $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Income from Investments Held in Employee Deferred Compensation Trusts. Under the Company’s employee deferred compensation plans, employees direct the investment of their account balances, and the Company invests amounts held in the associated investment trusts consistent with these directions. As realized and unrealized investment gains and losses occur, the Company’s employee deferred compensation plan obligations change and adjustments are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses or, in the case of Protiviti, costs of services. The value of the related investment trust assets also changes by an equal and offsetting amount, leaving no net cost to the Company. The Company’s income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts consists of unrealized and realized gains and losses, and dividend income from trust investments and is presented separately on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

The following table presents the Company’s income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Dividend income	$	(2,071)	$	(1,563)
Realized and unrealized gains	(41,305)		(25,728)
Income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts (which is completely offset by related costs and expenses)	$	(43,376)	$	(27,291)

The following table presents the Company’s increase in employee deferred compensation costs and expense related to changes in the fair value of trust assets for its nonqualified employee deferred compensation plans (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Increase in employee deferred compensation costs and expense related to changes in the fair value of trust assets	$	43,376	$	27,291

Comprehensive Income (Loss). Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income and certain other items that are recorded directly to stockholders’ equity. The Company’s only sources of other comprehensive income (loss) are foreign currency translation and foreign defined benefit plan adjustments.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value are measured and classified in accordance with a three-tier fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the inputs available in the market to measure fair value, summarized as follows:

Level 1: observable inputs for identical assets or liabilities, such as quoted prices in active markets

Level 2: inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly

Level 3: unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires management’s best estimates and assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability

The carrying value of cash net accounts receivable, and accounts payable and accrued expenses approximates fair value because of their short-term nature. The Company holds mutual funds and money market funds to satisfy its obligations under its employee deferred compensation plans which are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets (level 1).

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial instruments by significant category and fair value measurement on a recurring basis (in thousands):


			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Balance at March 31, 2024		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	203,489	$	203,489

Employee deferred compensation trust assets
Money market funds	$	121,153	$	121,153	—	—
Mutual funds - bond	38,384		38,384		—	—
Mutual funds - stock	360,416		360,416		—	—
Mutual funds - blend	102,652		102,652		—	—
Total employee deferred compensation trust assets	$	622,605	$	622,605	—	—

			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Balance at December 31, 2023		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents
Money market funds	$	351,230	$	351,230

Employee deferred compensation trust assets
Money market funds	$	124,710	$	124,710	—	—
Mutual funds - bond	35,373		35,373		—	—
Mutual funds - stock	316,764		316,764		—	—
Mutual funds - blend	94,199		94,199		—	—
Total employee deferred compensation trust assets	$	571,046	$	571,046	—	—

Certain items, such as goodwill and other intangible assets, are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The Company determines the fair value of these items using level 3 inputs. There are inherent limitations when estimating the fair value of financial instruments, and the fair values reported are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that would be realized in current market transactions.

Allowance for Credit Losses. The Company is exposed to credit losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. The Company establishes an allowance for these potential credit losses based on its review of customers’ credit profiles, historical loss statistics, prepayments, recoveries, age of customer receivable balances, current business conditions and macroeconomic trends. The Company considers risk characteristics of trade receivables based on asset type and geographical locations to evaluate trade receivables on a collective basis. The Company applies credit loss estimates to these pooled receivables to determine expected credit losses.

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

The following table sets forth the activity in the allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2023, through March 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Allowance for Credit Losses




Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	25,189
Charges to expense	183
Deductions	(1,616)
Other, including foreign currency translation adjustments	(238)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	23,518

Note B—New Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

None.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

Segment Reporting. In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in the ASU are intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for public filers for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, however early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. Under this ASU, public filers must disclose annually (1) specific categories in the rate reconciliation, and (2) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income by the applicable statutory income tax rate. The new guidance is effective for public filers for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note C—Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenues from three segments: contract talent solutions, permanent placement talent solutions, and Protiviti. Revenues are recognized when promised goods or services are delivered to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Service revenues, as presented on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, represent services rendered to customers less variable consideration, such as sales adjustments and allowances. Reimbursements, including those related to travel and out-of-pocket expenses, are also included in service revenues, and equivalent amounts of reimbursable expenses are included in costs of services.

Contract talent solutions revenues. Contract talent solutions revenues from contracts with customers are recognized in the amount to which the Company has a right to invoice when the services are rendered by the Company’s engagement professionals. The substantial majority of engagement professionals placed on assignment by the Company are the Company’s legal employees while they are working on assignments. The Company pays all related costs of employment, including workers’ compensation insurance, state and federal unemployment taxes, social security, and certain fringe benefits. The Company assumes the risk of acceptability of its employees to its customers.

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

The Company records contract talent solutions revenue on a gross basis as a principal versus on a net basis as an agent in the presentation of revenues and expenses. The Company has concluded that gross reporting is appropriate because the Company (i) has the risk of identifying and hiring qualified employees, (ii) has the discretion to select the employees and establish their price and duties, and (iii) bears the risk for services that are not fully paid for by customers. Fees paid to time management or vendor management service providers selected by clients are recorded as a reduction of revenues, as the Company is not the primary obligor with respect to those services.

Permanent placement talent solutions revenues. Permanent placement talent solutions revenues from contracts with customers are primarily recognized when employment candidates accept offers of permanent employment. The Company has a substantial history of estimating the financial impact of permanent placement candidates who do not remain with its clients through the 90-day guarantee period. These amounts are established based primarily on historical data and are recorded as liabilities. Fees to clients are generally calculated as a percentage of the new employee’s annual compensation. No fees for permanent placement talent solutions services are charged to employment candidates.

Protiviti revenues. Protiviti’s consulting services are generally provided on a time-and-material basis or fixed-fee basis. Revenues earned under time-and-material arrangements and fixed-fee arrangements are recognized using a proportional performance method. Revenue is measured using cost incurred relative to total estimated cost for the engagement to measure progress towards satisfying the Company’s performance obligations. Cost incurred represents work performed and thereby best depicts the transfer of control to the customer. Protiviti’s consulting services generally contain one or more performance obligation(s) which are satisfied over a period of time. Revenues are recognized over time as the performance obligations are satisfied, because the services provided do not have any alternative use to the Company, and contracts generally include language giving the Company an enforceable right to payment for services provided to date.

The Company periodically evaluates the need to provide for any losses on these projects, and losses are recognized when it is probable that a loss will be incurred.

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by functional specialization and segment (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Contract talent solutions
Finance and accounting	$	641,970	$	777,833
Administrative and customer support	199,932		219,350
Technology	157,970		194,082
Elimination of intersegment revenues (a)	(112,814)		(125,791)
Total contract talent solutions	887,058		1,065,474
Permanent placement talent solutions	124,767		156,737
Protiviti	464,112		494,124
Total service revenues	$	1,475,937	$	1,716,335

(a) Service revenues for finance and accounting, administrative and customer support, and technology include intersegment revenues, which represent revenues from services provided to the Company’s Protiviti segment in connection with the Company’s blended business solutions. Intersegment revenues for each functional specialization are aggregated and then eliminated as a single line.

Payment terms in the Company’s contracts vary by the type and location of the Company’s customer and the services offered. The term between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

Contracts with multiple performance obligations are recognized as performance obligations are delivered, and contract value is allocated based on relative stand-alone selling values of the services and products in the arrangement. As of March 31, 2024, aggregate transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that were unsatisfied for contracts with an expected duration of greater than one year was $176.1 million. Of this amount, $152.1 million is expected to be recognized within the next twelve months. As of March 31, 2023, aggregate transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that were unsatisfied for contracts with an expected duration of greater than one year was $151.8 million.

Contract liabilities are recorded when cash payments are received or due in advance of performance and are reflected in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The following table sets forth the activity in contract liabilities from December 31, 2023, through March 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Contract Liabilities




Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	24,574
Payments in advance of satisfaction of performance obligations	10,194
Revenue recognized	(15,722)
Other, including translation adjustments	(208)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	18,838

Note D—Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses	$	92,215	$	67,999
Unamortized cloud computing implementation costs	31,119		31,049
Other	38,327		34,433
Other current assets	$	161,661	$	133,481

Note E—Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Computer hardware	$	149,281	$	150,165
Computer software	222,120		220,004
Furniture and equipment	100,087		99,547
Leasehold improvements	190,951		187,806

Property and equipment, cost	662,439		657,522
Accumulated depreciation	(555,029)		(548,713)
Property and equipment, net	$	107,410	$	108,809

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

Note F—Other Noncurrent Assets

Other noncurrent assets consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Unamortized cloud computing implementation costs	$	14,112	$	15,047
Other intangible assets, net	2,130		2,433
Other noncurrent assets	$	16,242	$	17,480

Note G—Leases

The Company has operating leases for corporate and field offices, and certain equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 11 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 7 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. Operating lease expense was $21.2 million and $22.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	23,029	$	24,005
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	21,802	$	6,342

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases	4.4 years		4.3 years
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	3.4	%	3.2	%

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable leases as of March 31, 2024, were as follows (in thousands):


2024 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2024)	$	65,974
2025	61,372
2026	48,425
2027	31,237
2028	18,966
Thereafter	39,201
Less: Imputed interest	(24,190)
Present value of operating lease liabilities (a)	$	240,985

(a) Includes the current portion of $75.7 million for operating leases.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company had additional future minimum lease obligations totaling $8.5 million under executed operating lease contracts that had not yet commenced. These operating leases include agreements for corporate and field office facilities with lease terms of 1 to 6 years.

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

Note H—Goodwill

The following table sets forth the activity in goodwill from December 31, 2023 through March 31, 2024 (in thousands):


	Goodwill
	Contract talent solutions		Permanent placement talent solutions		Protiviti		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	134,287	$	26,131	$	77,552	$	237,970

Foreign currency translation adjustments	(117)		(22)		(105)		(244)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	$	134,170	$	26,109	$	77,447	$	237,726

Note I—Accrued Payroll and Benefit Costs

Accrued payroll and benefit costs consisted of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Payroll and benefits	$	298,882	$	367,830
Payroll taxes	13,557		31,439
Workers’ compensation	14,773		14,664
Accrued payroll and benefit costs	$	327,212	$	413,933

Note J—Employee Deferred Compensation Plan Obligations

The Company provides various qualified defined contribution 401(k) plans covering eligible employees. The plans offer a savings feature with the Company matching employee contributions. Assets of this plan are held by an independent trustee for the sole benefit of participating employees.

Nonqualified plans are provided for employees on a discretionary basis, including those not eligible for the qualified plans. These plans include provisions for salary deferrals and discretionary contributions. The asset value of the nonqualified plans was $622.6 million and $571.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company holds these assets to satisfy the Company’s liabilities under its deferred compensation plans. The liability value for the nonqualified plans was $607.8 million and $572.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

Contribution expenses for the Company’s qualified and nonqualified defined contribution plans were $13.4 million and $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company has statutory defined contribution plans and defined benefit plans outside the United States of America, which are not material.

Note K—Commitments and Contingencies

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

statutory penalties on behalf of herself and other allegedly “aggrieved employees” as defined by California’s Labor Code Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”). On January 4, 2016, the Court denied a motion by the Company to compel all of Gentry’s claims, except the PAGA claim, to individual arbitration. On March 8, 2024, the Court issued an order certifying: (1) a class of California-based temporary employees who attended at least one uncompensated interview with a third-party client at any time since March 13, 2010; (2) a subclass of class members who held a prior temporary job assignment before interviewing for a subsequent assignment; and (3) a subclass of class members who are no longer employed by the Company (i.e., a “waiting time penalties” subclass). At this stage of the litigation, it is not feasible to predict the outcome of or a range of loss, should a loss occur, from this proceeding and, accordingly, no amounts have been provided in the Company’s Financial Statements. The Company believes it has meritorious defenses to the allegations and the Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against the litigation.

On April 6, 2018, Plaintiff Shari Dorff, on her own behalf and on behalf of a putative class of allegedly similarly situated individuals, filed a complaint against the Company in the Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles. In addition to certain claims individual to Plaintiff Dorff, the complaint alleges that salaried recruiters based in California have been misclassified as exempt employees and seeks an unspecified amount for: unpaid wages resulting from such alleged misclassification; alleged failure to provide a reasonable opportunity to take meal periods and rest breaks; alleged failure to pay wages on a timely basis both during employment and upon separation; alleged failure to comply with California requirements regarding wage statements and record-keeping; and alleged improper denial of expense reimbursement. Plaintiff Dorff also seeks an unspecified amount of other damages, attorneys’ fees, and penalties, including but not limited to statutory penalties on behalf of herself and other allegedly “aggrieved employees” as defined by PAGA. At this stage of the litigation, it is not feasible to predict the outcome of or a range of loss, should a loss occur, from this proceeding and, accordingly, no amounts have been provided in the Company’s Financial Statements. The Company believes it has meritorious defenses to the allegations and the Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against the litigation.

The Company is involved in a number of other lawsuits arising in the ordinary course of business. While management does not expect any of these other matters to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows, litigation is subject to certain inherent uncertainties.

Legal costs associated with the resolution of claims, lawsuits and other contingencies are expensed as incurred.

The Company has an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) of $100.0 million, which matures May 2026. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest in accordance with the terms of the borrowing which will be calculated according to the Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), or an alternative base rate, plus an applicable margin. The Credit Agreement is subject to certain financial covenants and the Company was in compliance with these covenants as of March 31, 2024. There were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2024, or December 31, 2023.

Note L—Stockholders’ Equity

Stock Repurchase Program. As of March 31, 2024, the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time, up to 10.0 million additional shares of the Company’s common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions. The number and the cost of common stock shares repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, are reflected in the following table (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Common stock repurchased (in shares)	761		484
Common stock repurchased	$	60,655	$	38,193

Additional stock repurchases were made in connection with employee stock plans, whereby Company shares were tendered by employees for the payment of applicable statutory withholding taxes. The number and the cost of employee stock

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

plan repurchases made during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, are reflected in the following table (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Repurchases related to employee stock plans (in shares)	267		282
Repurchases related to employee stock plans	$	21,168	$	21,680

The repurchased shares are held in treasury and are presented as if constructively retired. Treasury stock is accounted for using the cost method. Treasury stock activity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, (consisting of purchases of shares for the treasury) is presented in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity.

Repurchases of shares and issuances of dividends are applied first to the extent of retained earnings and any remaining amounts are applied to additional paid-in capital.

Note M—Net Income Per Share

The calculation of net income per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, is reflected in the following table (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Net income	$	63,701	$	122,005
Basic:
Weighted average shares	103,787		106,420
Diluted:
Weighted average shares	103,787		106,420
Dilutive effect of potential common shares	612		710
Diluted weighted average shares	104,399		107,130
Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.61	$	1.15
Diluted	$	0.61	$	1.14

Note N—Business Segments

The Company has three reportable segments: contract talent solutions, permanent placement talent solutions, and Protiviti. Operating segments are defined as components of the Company for which separate financial information is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. The contract talent solutions and permanent placement talent solutions segments provide specialized engagement professionals and full-time personnel, respectively, for finance and accounting, technology, marketing and creative, legal, administrative and customer support, and executive searches. The Protiviti segment provides internal audit, risk, business, and technology consulting solutions.

The accounting policies of the segments are set forth in Note A—“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company evaluates performance based on income before intangible assets amortization expense, net interest income, and income taxes.

ROBERT HALF INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)—(Continued)

March 31, 2024

The following table provides a reconciliation of service revenues and segment income by reportable segment to consolidated results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
Service revenues
Contract talent solutions	$	887,058	$	1,065,474
Permanent placement talent solutions	124,767		156,737
Protiviti	464,112		494,124
	$	1,475,937	$	1,716,335
Segment income
Contract talent solutions	$	50,118	$	102,146
Permanent placement talent solutions	11,855		23,827
Protiviti	22,605		38,821
Combined segment income	84,578		164,794

Amortization of intangible assets	304		721
Interest income, net	(6,413)		(4,825)
Income before income taxes	$	90,687	$	168,898

Service revenues presented above are shown net of eliminations of intersegment revenues. Intersegment revenues between contract talent solutions segment and Protiviti segment were $112.8 million and $125.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Revenue and direct costs related to the intersegment activity are reflected in the Protiviti segment, including the costs of candidate payroll, fringe benefits and incremental recruiter compensation.

Note O—Subsequent Events

On May 1, 2024, the Company announced the following:


Quarterly dividend per share			$0.53
Declaration date			May 1, 2024
Record date			May 24, 2024
Payment date			June 14, 2024

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Certain information contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis and in other parts of this report may be deemed forward-looking statements regarding events and financial trends that may affect the future operating results or financial positions of Robert Half Inc. (the “Company”). Forward-looking statements are not guarantees or promises that goals or targets will be met. These statements may be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “potential,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “target,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” or variations or negatives thereof or by similar or comparable words or phrases. In addition, historical, current, and forward-looking information about the Company’s environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) and compliance programs, including targets or goals, may not be considered material for the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or other mandatory reporting purposes and may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, on internal controls, diligence, or processes that are evolving, on representations reviewed or provided by third parties, and on assumptions that are subject to change in the future. Forward-looking statements are estimates only, based on management’s current expectations, currently available information and current strategy, plans, or forecasts, and involve certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict and often beyond our control and are inherently uncertain. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, outcomes, or the timing of these results or outcomes, to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following: changes to or new interpretations of United States of America (“U.S.”) or international tax regulations; the global financial and economic situation; changes in levels of unemployment and other economic conditions in the U.S. or foreign countries where the Company does business, or in particular regions or industries; reduction in the supply of candidates for contract employment or the Company’s ability to attract candidates; the development, proliferation and adoption of artificial intelligence (“AI”) by the Company and the third parties it serves; the entry of new competitors into the marketplace or expansion by existing competitors; the ability of the Company to maintain existing client relationships and attract new clients in the context of changing economic or competitive conditions; the impact of competitive pressures, including any change in the demand for the Company’s services, on the Company’s ability to maintain its margins; the possibility of the Company incurring liability for its activities, including the activities of its engagement professionals, or for events impacting its engagement professionals on clients’ premises; the possibility that adverse publicity could impact the Company’s ability to attract and retain clients and candidates; the success of the Company in attracting, training, and retaining qualified management personnel and other staff employees; the Company’s ability to comply with governmental regulations affecting personnel services businesses in particular or employer/employee relationships in general; whether there will be ongoing demand for Sarbanes-Oxley or other regulatory compliance services; the Company’s reliance on short-term contracts for a significant percentage of its business; litigation relating to prior or current transactions or activities, including litigation that may be disclosed from time to time in the Company’s SEC filings; the impact of extreme weather conditions on the Company and its candidates and clients, the ability of the Company to manage its international operations and comply with foreign laws and regulations; the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; the possibility that the additional costs the Company will incur as a result of health care or other reform legislation may adversely affect the Company’s profit margins or the demand for the Company’s services; the possibility that the Company’s computer and communications hardware and software systems could be damaged or their service interrupted or the Company could experience a cybersecurity breach; and the possibility that the Company may fail to maintain adequate financial and management controls, and as a result suffer errors in its financial reporting. Additionally, with respect to Protiviti, other risks and uncertainties include the fact that future success will depend on its ability to retain employees and attract clients; there can be no assurance that there will be ongoing demand for broad based consulting, regulatory compliance, technology services, public sector or other high demand advisory services; failure to produce projected revenues could adversely affect financial results; and there is the possibility of involvement in litigation relating to prior or current transactions or activities. Because long-term contracts are not a significant part of the Company’s business, future results cannot be reliably predicted by considering past trends or extrapolating past results. Except as required by law, the Company undertakes no obligation to update information in this report, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, and notwithstanding any historical practice of doing so.

Executive Overview

Revenue and net income results for the first quarter were within the range of management’s expectations, notwithstanding the ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty that lengthens client and job candidate decision cycles. Gross margins remained strong due to pricing discipline and the ongoing benefit from the rising mix shift to higher skill levels.

During the first quarter of 2024, service revenues were $1.48 billion, a decrease of 14.0% from the prior year. Net income was $64 million and diluted net income per share was $0.61.

Demand for the Company’s contract talent solutions, permanent placement talent solutions, and Protiviti is largely dependent upon general economic and labor trends both domestically and abroad. The U.S. real gross domestic product

increased 1.6% during the first quarter of 2024, compared to an increase of 3.4% during the fourth quarter of 2023, while the unemployment rate increased slightly from 3.7% for December 2023 to 3.8% at the end of the first quarter of 2024. Although recent metrics are modestly off their peaks, global labor markets remain tight and the scarcity of talent persists. In the U.S., unemployment stands near a 50-year low and remains even lower for those with a college degree, where the rate is 2.1%. However, the urgency and velocity of the demand is impacted by the prolonged period of macroeconomic uncertainty, which has impacted consumer confidence. Clients are budget sensitive and very selective in their hiring activities—including approval of new projects—resulting in elongated hiring cycles and a negative impact on short-term results.

The Company is confident about its ability to weather the current global macroeconomic environment and its future growth prospects as the macro landscape improves. Clients continue to hire, but are generally maintaining internal headcounts based on the anticipated difficulty in finding suitable replacements, resulting in less churn in the labor markets. The Company continues to invest in services involving higher-skilled positions across its practice groups. This has advantages of higher bill rates and gross margins, longer assignment lengths, and less economic sensitivity.

The Company continues to invest in technology and innovation to fuel the Company’s core business strategy, which places the Company’s specialized talent solutions professionals at the center of clients’ hiring experience, along with digital tools that provide greater client convenience, flexibility and transparency throughout the hiring process. The Company also continues to leverage its proprietary data assets to enhance the AI tools the Company’s recruiters use to discover, assess and select talent for the Company’s clients and the AI tools the Company’s recruiters use to effectively target leads for additional revenue.

The Company monitors various economic indicators and business trends in all of the countries in which it operates to anticipate demand for the Company’s services. These trends are evaluated to determine the appropriate level of investment, including personnel, which will best position the Company for success in the current and future global macroeconomic environment. The Company’s investments in headcount are typically structured to proactively support and align with expected revenue growth trends and productivity metrics. Visibility into future revenues is limited not only due to the dependence on macroeconomic and labor market conditions noted above, but also because of the relatively short duration of the Company’s client engagements. Accordingly, the Company’s headcount and other investments are typically assessed on at least a quarterly basis. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company decreased headcount for its contract talent solutions, while the full-time headcount for its permanent placement talent solutions and Protiviti segments remained flat, when compared to prior year-end levels.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The Company’s most critical accounting policies and estimates are those that involve subjective decisions or assessments and are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There were no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies or estimates for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note B—“New Accounting Pronouncements” to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I—Item 1 of this report.

Results of Operations

The Company analyzes its operating results for three reportable segments: contract talent solutions, permanent placement talent solutions, and Protiviti. The contract talent solutions and permanent placement talent solutions segments provide engagement professionals and full-time personnel, respectively, for finance and accounting, technology, marketing and creative, legal, administrative and customer support, and executive searches. The Protiviti segment provides internal audit, risk, business, and technology consulting solutions.

Demand for the Company’s services is largely dependent upon general economic and labor trends both domestically and abroad. Because of the inherent difficulty in predicting economic trends, future demand for the Company’s services cannot be forecast with certainty.

The Company’s talent solutions segments conduct operations through offices in the U.S. and 17 foreign countries, while Protiviti has offices in the U.S. and 13 foreign countries.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The financial results of the Company are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and the rules of the SEC. To help readers understand the Company’s financial performance, the Company supplements its GAAP financial results with the following non-GAAP measures: adjusted gross margin; adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses; combined segment income; and as adjusted revenue growth rates.

The following measures: adjusted gross margin and adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses, include gains and losses on investments held to fund the Company’s obligations under employee deferred compensation plans. The Company provides these measures because they are used by management to review its operational results.

Combined segment income is income before income taxes, adjusted for interest income and amortization of intangible assets. The Company provides combined segment income because it is how management evaluates performance.

As adjusted revenue growth rates represent year-over-year revenue growth rates after removing the impacts on reported revenues from the changes in the number of billing days and foreign currency exchange rates. The Company provides this data because it focuses on the Company’s revenue growth rates attributable to operating activities and aids in evaluating revenue trends over time. The impacts from the changes in billing days and foreign currency exchange rates are calculated as follows:

•Billing days impact is calculated by dividing each comparative period’s reported revenues by the number of billing days for that period to arrive at a per billing day amount. Same billing day growth rates are then calculated based on the per billing day amounts. Management calculates a global, weighted-average number of billing days for each reporting period based upon inputs from all countries and all functional specializations and segments.

•Foreign currency impact is calculated by retranslating current period international revenues using foreign currency exchange rates from the prior year’s comparable period.

The non-GAAP financial measures provided herein may not provide information that is directly comparable to that provided by other companies in the Company’s industry, as other companies may calculate such financial results differently. The Company’s non-GAAP financial measures are not measurements of financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to amounts presented in accordance with GAAP. The Company does not consider these non-GAAP financial measures to be a substitute for, or superior to, the information provided by GAAP financial results. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is provided on the following pages.

Refer to Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for further discussion of the impact of foreign currency exchange rates on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023

Service Revenues. The Company’s revenues were $1.48 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024, a decrease of 14.0% compared to $1.72 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Revenues from U.S. operations decreased 14.9% to $1.14 billion (77.4% of total revenue) for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $1.34 billion (78.2% of total revenue) for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Revenues from international operations decreased 10.9% to $334 million (22.6% of total revenue) for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $375 million (21.8% of total revenue) for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Contributing factors for each reportable segment are discussed below in further detail.

Contract talent solutions revenues were $887 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 16.7% compared to revenues of $1.07 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Key drivers of contract talent solutions revenues include average hourly bill rates and the number of hours worked by the Company’s engagement professionals on client engagements. The decrease in contract talent solutions revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was primarily due to an 18.1% decrease in the number of hours worked by the Company’s engagement professionals, partially offset by a 2.3% increase in average bill rates. On an as adjusted basis, contract talent solutions revenues decreased 16.2% for the first quarter of 2024, compared to the first quarter of 2023. In the U.S., revenues in the first quarter of 2024 decreased 19.1% on an as reported basis, and decreased 18.6% on an as adjusted basis, compared to the first quarter of 2023. International revenues for the first quarter of 2024 decreased 8.4% on an as reported basis, and decreased 7.5% on an as adjusted basis compared to the first quarter of 2023.

Permanent placement talent solutions revenues were $125 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 20.4% compared to revenues of $157 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Key drivers of permanent placement talent solutions revenues consist of the number of candidate placements and average fees earned per placement. The decrease in permanent placement talent revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was due to a 26.4% decrease in the number of placements, partially offset by a 6.0% increase in average fees earned per placement. On an as adjusted basis, permanent placement talent solutions revenues decreased 19.8% for the first quarter of 2024, compared to the first quarter of 2023. In the U.S., revenues for the first quarter of 2024 decreased 19.3% on an as reported basis, and decreased 18.7% on an as adjusted basis, compared to the first quarter of 2023. International revenues for the first quarter of 2024 decreased 23.2% on an as reported basis and decreased 22.1% on an as adjusted basis, compared to the first quarter of 2023. Historically, demand for permanent placement talent solutions is even more sensitive to economic and labor market conditions than demand for contract talent solutions and this is expected to continue.

Protiviti revenues were $464 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 6.1% compared to revenues of $494 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Key drivers of Protiviti revenues are the billable hours worked by consultants on client engagements and average hourly bill rates. The decrease in Protiviti revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was due to a 9.1% decrease in billable hours, partially offset by a 3.0% increase in average hourly bill rates. On an as adjusted basis, Protiviti revenues decreased 5.4% for the first quarter of 2024, compared to the first quarter of 2023. In the U.S., revenues in the first quarter of 2024 decreased 4.8% on an as reported basis, and decreased 4.2% on an as adjusted basis, compared to the first quarter of 2023. International revenues for the first quarter of 2024 decreased 11.3% on an as reported basis and decreased 10.1% on an as adjusted basis, compared to the first quarter of 2023.

A reconciliation of the non-GAAP year-over-year revenue growth rates to the as reported year-over-year revenue growth rates for the three months ended March 31, 2024, is presented in the following table:


	Global		United States		International
Contract talent solutions
As Reported	-16.7	%	-19.1	%	-8.4	%
Billing Days Impact	0.6	%	0.5	%	1.5	%
Currency Impact	-0.1	%	―		-0.6	%
As Adjusted	-16.2	%	-18.6	%	-7.5	%
Permanent placement talent solutions
As Reported	-20.4	%	-19.3	%	-23.2	%
Billing Days Impact	0.7	%	0.6	%	1.3	%
Currency Impact	-0.1	%	―		-0.2	%
As Adjusted	-19.8	%	-18.7	%	-22.1	%
Protiviti
As Reported	-6.1	%	-4.8	%	-11.3	%
Billing Days Impact	0.7	%	0.6	%	1.4	%
Currency Impact	0.0	%	―		-0.2	%
As Adjusted	-5.4	%	-4.2	%	-10.1	%

Gross Margin. The Company’s gross margin dollars were $563 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, down 18.4% from $690 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Contributing factors for each reportable segment are discussed below in further detail.

Gross margin dollars for contract talent solutions represent revenues less costs of services, which consist of payroll, payroll taxes and benefit costs for engagement professionals, and reimbursable expenses. The key drivers of gross margin are: i) pay-bill spreads, which represent the differential between wages paid to engagement professionals and amounts billed to clients; ii) fringe costs, which are primarily composed of payroll taxes and benefit costs; and iii) conversion revenues, which are earned when a contract position converts to a permanent position with the Company’s client.

Gross margin dollars for contract talent solutions were $351 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 17.2% from $424 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, gross margin dollars for contract talent solutions were 39.5% in the first quarter of 2024, down from 39.8% in the first quarter of 2023. The decrease in gross margin percentage was primarily due to lower conversion revenues.

Gross margin dollars for permanent placement talent solutions represent revenues less reimbursable expenses. Gross margin dollars for permanent placement talent solutions were $124 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, down 20.4% from $156 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Because reimbursable expenses for permanent placement talent solutions are de minimis, the decrease in gross margin dollars is substantially explained by the decrease in revenues previously discussed.

Gross margin dollars for Protiviti represent revenues less costs of services, which consist primarily of professional staff payroll, payroll taxes, benefit costs, and reimbursable expenses. The primary drivers of Protiviti’s gross margin are: i) the relative composition of and number of professional staff and their respective pay and bill rates; and ii) staff utilization, which is the relationship of time spent on client engagements in proportion to the total time available for the Company’s Protiviti staff. Gross margin dollars for Protiviti were $88 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, down 20.1% from $110 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, reported gross margin dollars for Protiviti were 18.9% in the first quarter of 2024, down from 22.2% in the first quarter of 2023. As a percentage of revenues, adjusted gross margin dollars for Protiviti were 20.7% in the first quarter of 2024, down from 23.2% in the first quarter of 2023. The year-over-year decrease in adjusted gross margin percentage was primarily due to increases in the pay rates for its professional staff, which were only partially offset by higher bill rates.

The Company’s gross margin by reporting segment is summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,								Relationships
	As Reported				As Adjusted				As Reported				As Adjusted
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Gross Margin
Contract talent solutions	$	350,570	$	423,625	$	350,570	$	423,625	39.5	%	39.8	%	39.5	%	39.8	%
Permanent placement talent solutions	124,548		156,395		124,548		156,395		99.8	%	99.8	%	99.8	%	99.8	%
Protiviti	87,679		109,712		96,036		114,484		18.9	%	22.2	%	20.7	%	23.2	%
Total	$	562,797	$	689,732	$	571,154	$	694,504	38.1	%	40.2	%	38.7	%	40.5	%

The following tables provide reconciliations of the non-GAAP adjusted gross margin to reported gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Contract Talent Solutions				Permanent Placement Talent Solutions				Protiviti				Total
	$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue
Gross Margin
As Reported	$	350,570	39.5	%	$	124,548	99.8	%	$	87,679	18.9	%	$	562,797	38.1	%
Adjustments (1)	—		—		—		—		8,357		1.8	%	8,357		0.6	%
As Adjusted	$	350,570	39.5	%	$	124,548	99.8	%	$	96,036	20.7	%	$	571,154	38.7	%


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Contract Talent Solutions				Permanent Placement Talent Solutions				Protiviti				Total
	$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue
Gross Margin
As Reported	$	423,625	39.8	%	$	156,395	99.8	%	$	109,712	22.2	%	$	689,732	40.2	%
Adjustments (1)	—		—		—		—		4,772		1.0	%	4,772		0.3	%
As Adjusted	$	423,625	39.8	%	$	156,395	99.8	%	$	114,484	23.2	%	$	694,504	40.5	%

(1)Changes in the Company’s deferred compensation obligations related to Protiviti operations are included in costs of services, while the related investment income is presented separately. The non-GAAP financial adjustments shown in the table above are to reclassify investment income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts to the same line item that includes the corresponding change in obligation. These adjustments have no impact on income before income taxes.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. The Company’s selling, general and administrative expenses consist primarily of staff compensation, advertising, variable overhead, depreciation, and occupancy costs. The Company’s reported selling, general and administrative expenses were $522 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 5.5% from $552 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, reported selling, general and administrative expenses were 35.3% in the first quarter of 2024, up from 32.2% in the first quarter of 2023. The Company’s adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses were $487 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, down 8.1% from $530 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses were 33.0% in the first quarter of 2024, up from 30.9% in the first quarter of 2023. Contributing factors for each reportable segment are discussed below in further detail.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for contract talent solutions, on an as reported basis, were $332 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 3.0% from $342 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, reported selling, general and administrative expenses for contract talent solutions were 37.4% in the first quarter of 2024, up from 32.1% in the first quarter of 2023. Selling, general and administrative expenses for contract talent solutions, on an adjusted basis, were $300 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, down 6.5% from $321 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses for contract talent solutions were 33.9% in the first quarter of 2024, up from 30.2% in the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to negative leverage as revenues decreased as a result of economic conditions during the quarter.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for permanent placement talent solutions were $117 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 13.5% from $135 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, reported selling, general and administrative expenses for permanent placement talent solutions were 93.4% in the first quarter of 2024, up from 86.0% in the first quarter of 2023. As a percentage of revenues, adjusted selling, general and administrative expenses for permanent placement was 90.3% in the first quarter of 2024, up from 84.6% in the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to negative leverage as revenues decreased as a result of economic conditions during the quarter.

Selling, general and administrative expenses for Protiviti were $73 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreasing by 2.9% from $75 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As a percentage of revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses for Protiviti services were 15.8% in the first quarter of 2024, up from 15.3% in the first quarter of 2023, due primarily to negative leverage as revenues decreased as a result of economic conditions during the quarter.

The Company’s selling, general and administrative expenses by reportable segment are summarized as follows: (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,								Relationships
	As Reported				As Adjusted				As Reported				As Adjusted
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Contract talent solutions	$	331,588	$	341,722	$	300,452	$	321,479	37.4	%	32.1	%	33.9	%	30.2	%
Permanent placement talent solutions	116,576		134,844		112,693		132,568		93.4	%	86.0	%	90.3	%	84.6	%
Protiviti	73,431		75,663		73,431		75,663		15.8	%	15.3	%	15.8	%	15.3	%
Total	$	521,595	$	552,229	$	486,576	$	529,710	35.3	%	32.2	%	33.0	%	30.9	%

The following tables provide reconciliations of the non-GAAP selling, general and administrative expenses to reported selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Contract Talent Solutions				Permanent Placement Talent Solutions				Protiviti				Total
	$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
As Reported	$	331,588	37.4	%	$	116,576	93.4	%	$	73,431	15.8	%	$	521,595	35.3	%
Adjustments (1)	(31,136)		(3.5	%)	(3,883)		(3.1	%)	—		—		(35,019)		(2.3	%)
As Adjusted	$	300,452	33.9	%	$	112,693	90.3	%	$	73,431	15.8	%	$	486,576	33.0	%


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Contract Talent Solutions				Permanent Placement Talent Solutions				Protiviti				Total
	$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue		$		% of Revenue
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
As Reported	$	341,722	32.1	%	$	134,844	86.0	%	$	75,663	15.3	%	$	552,229	32.2	%
Adjustments (1)	(20,243)		(1.9	%)	(2,276)		(1.4	%)	—		—		(22,519)		(1.3	%)
As Adjusted	$	321,479	30.2	%	$	132,568	84.6	%	$	75,663	15.3	%	$	529,710	30.9	%

(1)Changes in the Company’s employee deferred compensation plan obligations related to talent solutions operations are included in selling, general and administrative expenses, while the related investment income is presented separately. The non-GAAP financial adjustments shown in the table above are to reclassify investment income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts to the same line item that includes the corresponding change in obligation. These adjustments have no impact on income before income taxes.

Income from Investments Held in Employee Deferred Compensation Trusts. Under the Company’s employee deferred compensation plans, employees direct the investment of their account balances, and the Company invests amounts held in the associated investment trusts consistent with these directions. As realized and unrealized investment gains and losses occur, the Company’s employee deferred compensation plan obligations change and adjustments are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses, or in the case of Protiviti, costs of services. The value of the related investment trust assets also changes by the equal and offsetting amount, leaving no net costs to the Company. The Company’s income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts consists primarily of unrealized and realized gains and losses and dividend income from trust investments and is presented separately on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company’s income from investments held in employee deferred compensation trusts was $43 million and $27 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The income from trust investments during the first quarter of 2024 was due to positive market returns.

Income Before Income Taxes and Segment Income. The Company’s total income before income taxes was $91 million, or 6.1% of revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, down from $169 million, or 9.8% of revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Combined segment income was $85 million, or 5.7% of revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, down from $165 million, or 9.6% of revenues, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company’s non-GAAP combined segment income is summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		% of Revenue		2023		% of Revenue
Combined Segment Income
Contract talent solutions	$	50,118	5.6	%	$	102,146	9.6	%
Permanent placement talent solutions	11,855		9.5	%	23,827		15.2	%
Protiviti	22,605		4.9	%	38,821		7.9	%
Total	$	84,578	5.7	%	$	164,794	9.6	%

The following table provides a reconciliation of the non-GAAP combined segment income to reported income before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2024		% of Revenue		2023		% of Revenue
Income before income taxes		$	90,687	6.1	%	$	168,898	9.8	%
Interest income, net		(6,413)		(0.4	%)	(4,825)		(0.2	%)
Amortization of intangible assets		304		0.0	%	721		0.0	%
Combined segment income		$	84,578	5.7	%	$	164,794	9.6	%

Provision for income taxes. The provision for income taxes was 29.8% and 27.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The higher tax rate for 2024 can be attributed to the impact of nondeductible expenses and lower income tax benefit related to restricted stock vesting.

In 2021, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development established an inclusive framework on base erosion and profit shifting and agreed on a two-pillar solution (“Pillar Two”) to global taxation, focusing on global profit allocation and a 15% global minimum effective tax rate. The Company considered the applicable tax law changes from Pillar Two implementation in the relevant countries, and there is no material impact to its tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2024. While the Company monitors developments and evaluates their potential impact on future periods, it does not expect Pillar Two to significantly impact its 2024 financial results.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The change in the Company’s liquidity during the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, is primarily the net effect of funds generated by operations and the funds used for capital expenditures, investment in employee deferred compensation trusts, net of redemptions from employee deferred compensation trusts, repurchases of common stock, and payment of dividends.

Cash and cash equivalents were $541 million and $548 million at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Operating activities used net cash flows of $16 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, combined with $22 million and $144 million of net cash used in investing activities and financing activities, respectively. Operating activities provided cash flows of $66 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023, offset by $63 million and $117 million of net cash used in investing activities and financing activities, respectively. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates had the effect of decreasing reported cash and cash equivalents by $9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to an increase of $3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Operating activities—Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was composed of net income of $64 million adjusted upward for non-cash items of $5 million, offset by net cash used in changes in working capital of $85 million. Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was composed of net income of $122 million adjusted upward for non-cash items of $17 million, offset by net cash used in changes in working capital of $73 million.

Investing activities—Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was $22 million. This was composed of capital expenditures of $12 million, investments in employee deferred compensation trusts of $33 million, partially offset by proceeds from employee deferred compensation trusts redemptions of $23 million. Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was $63 million. This was composed of capital expenditures of $9 million and investments in employee deferred compensation trusts of $71 million, and $1 million in payments related to an acquisition, partially offset by proceeds from employee deferred compensation trusts redemptions of $18 million.

Capital expenditures, including $8 million for cloud computing arrangements, for the three months ended March 31, 2024, totaled $20 million, approximately 65% of which represented investments in software initiatives and technology infrastructure, both of which are important to the Company’s sustainability and future growth opportunities. Capital expenditures for cloud computing arrangements are included in cash flows from operating activities on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Capital expenditures included amounts spent on tenant improvements and furniture and equipment in the Company’s leased offices. The Company currently expects that 2024 capital expenditures will range from $90 million to $110 million, of which $50 million to $60 million relates to software initiatives and technology infrastructure, including capitalized costs related to implementation of cloud computing arrangements.

Financing activities—Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was $144 million. This included repurchases of $86 million in common stock and $58 million in dividends paid to stockholders. Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023, was $117 million. This included repurchases of $63 million in common stock and $54 million in dividends paid to stockholders.

As of March 31, 2024, the Company is authorized to repurchase, from time to time, up to 10.0 million additional shares of the Company’s common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, depending on market conditions. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company repurchased 0.8 million shares, at a cost of $61 million, and 0.5 million shares, at a cost of $38 million, on the open market, respectively. Additional stock repurchases were made in connection with employee stock plans, whereby Company shares were tendered by employees for the payment of exercise price and applicable statutory withholding taxes. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, such repurchases totaled 0.3 million shares, at a cost of $21 million, and 0.3 million shares, at a cost of $22 million, respectively. Repurchases of shares have been funded with cash generated from operations.

The Company’s working capital at March 31, 2024, included $541 million in cash and cash equivalents and $861 million in net accounts receivable, both of which will be a significant source of ongoing liquidity and financial resilience. The

Company expects that internally generated cash will be sufficient to support the working capital needs of the Company, the Company’s fixed payments, dividends, and other obligations on both a short-term and long-term basis.

There is limited visibility into future cash flows as the Company’s revenues and net income are largely dependent on macroeconomic conditions. The Company’s variable direct costs related to its contract talent solutions business will largely fluctuate in relation to its revenues.

The Company has an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Agreement”) of $100.0 million, which matures in May 2026. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement will bear interest in accordance with the terms of the borrowing will be calculated according to the Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), or an alternative base rate, plus an applicable margin. The Credit Agreement is subject to certain financial covenants and the Company was in compliance with these covenants as of March 31, 2024. There were no borrowings under the Credit Agreement as of March 31, 2024, or December 31, 2023.

On May 1, 2024, the Company announced a quarterly dividend of $0.53 per share to be paid to all shareholders of record as of May 24, 2024. The dividend will be paid on June 14, 2024.

Material Cash Requirements from Contractual Obligations

Leases. As of March 31, 2024, the Company reported current and long-term operating lease liabilities of $76 million and $165 million, respectively. These balances consist of the minimum rental commitments for April 2024 and thereafter, discounted to reflect the Company’s cost of borrowing, under noncancellable lease contracts executed as of March 31, 2024.

The majority of these leases are for real estate. In the event the Company vacates a location prior to the end of the lease term, the Company may be obliged to continue making lease payments. For further information, see Note G—“Leases” to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I—Item 1 of this report.

Purchase Obligations. Purchase obligations are discussed in more detail in Item 7—“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no material changes to the Company’s contractual purchase obligations during the first quarter of 2024.

Employee Deferred Compensation Plan. As of March 31, 2024, the Company reported employee deferred compensation plan obligations of $608 million in its accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Position. The balances are due to employees based upon elections they make at the time of deferring their funds. The timing of these payments may change based upon factors including termination of the Company’s employment arrangement with a participant. These obligations are funded through contributions to investment trusts whose assets at March 31, 2024, are substantially equal to the obligations. Assets of these plans are held by an independent trustee for the sole benefit of participating employees and consist of money market funds and mutual funds. For further information, see Note J—“Employee Deferred Compensation Plan Obligations” to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included under Part I—Item 1 of this report.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Because a portion of the Company’s net revenues are derived from its operations outside the U.S. and are denominated in local currencies, the Company is exposed to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. The Company’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rates relates primarily to the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. Exchange rates impact the U.S. dollar value of the Company’s reported revenues, expenses, earnings, assets and liabilities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, approximately 22.6% of the Company’s revenues were generated outside of the U.S. These operations transact business in their functional currency, which is the same as their local currency. As a result, fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar, particularly the Australian dollar and Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar and Euro, have an impact on the Company’s reported results. Under GAAP, revenues and expenses denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the monthly average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Consequently, as the value of the U.S. dollar changes relative to the currencies of the Company’s international markets, the Company’s reported results vary.

During the first three months of 2024, the U.S. dollar fluctuated, and generally weakened, against the primary currencies in which the Company conducts business, compared to one year ago. Foreign currency exchange rates had the effect of increasing reported service revenues by $1.7 million, or 0.1%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period one year ago. The general weakening of the U.S. dollar also affected the reported level of expenses incurred in the Company’s international operations. Because substantially all the Company’s international operations generated revenues and incurred expenses within the same country and currency, the effect of lower reported revenues is largely offset by the decrease in reported operating expenses. Reported net income was $0.1 million, or 0.1%, lower in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period one year ago due to the effect of currency exchange rates. If currency exchange rates were to remain at March 31, 2024 levels throughout the remainder of 2024, the currency impact on the Company’s full-year reported revenues and operating expenses would be consistent with the first quarter of 2024 results. Should current trends continue, the impact to reported net income would be immaterial.

For the one month ended April 30, 2024, the U.S. dollar has strengthened against the primary currencies in which the Company conducts business since March 31, 2024. If foreign currency exchange rates were to remain at April 2024 levels throughout 2024, the currency impact on the Company’s full-year reported revenues would be unfavorable, offset by a favorable impact on operating expenses. These results will likely have an immaterial impact on reported net income.

Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates impact the U.S. dollar amount of the Company’s stockholders’ equity. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s international subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rates in effect at period end. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive (income) loss. Although currency fluctuations impact the Company’s reported results and shareholders’ equity, such fluctuations generally do not affect cash flow or result in actual economic gains or losses. The Company generally has few cross-border transfers of funds, consisting of dividends from the Company’s foreign subsidiaries, and transfers to and from the U.S. related to intercompany working capital requirements.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures

Management, including the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports the Company files and submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission and that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In accordance with this review, no material changes to controls and procedures were made in the three months ended March 31, 2024.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

On March 23, 2015, Plaintiff Jessica Gentry, on her own behalf and on behalf of a putative class of allegedly similarly situated individuals, filed a complaint against the Company in the Superior Court of California, San Francisco County, which was subsequently amended on October 23, 2015. The complaint alleges that a putative class of current and former employees of the Company working in California since March 13, 2010, were denied compensation for the time they spent interviewing “for temporary and permanent employment opportunities” as well as performing activities related to the interview process. Gentry seeks recovery on her own behalf and on behalf of the putative class in an unspecified amount for this allegedly unpaid compensation. Gentry also seeks recovery of an unspecified amount for the alleged failure of the Company to provide her and the putative class with accurate wage statements. Gentry also seeks an unspecified amount of other damages, attorneys’ fees, and statutory penalties, including penalties for allegedly not paying all wages due upon separation to former employees and statutory penalties on behalf of herself and other allegedly “aggrieved employees” as defined by California’s Labor Code Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”). On January 4, 2016, the Court denied a motion by the Company to compel all of Gentry’s claims, except the PAGA claim, to individual arbitration. On March 8, 2024, the Court issued an order certifying: (1) a class of California-based temporary employees who attended at least one uncompensated interview with a third-party client at any time since March 13, 2010; (2) a subclass of class members who held a prior temporary job assignment before interviewing for a subsequent assignment; and (3) a subclass of class members who are no longer employed by the Company (i.e., a “waiting time penalties” subclass). At this stage of the litigation, it is not feasible to predict the outcome of or a range of loss, should a loss occur, from this proceeding and, accordingly, no amounts have been provided in the Company’s Financial Statements. The Company believes it has meritorious defenses to the allegations and the Company intends to continue to vigorously defend against the litigation.

There have been no material developments with regard to any of the other legal proceedings previously disclosed in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

There have not been any material changes with regard to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities


	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Plans (d)
January 1, 2024 to January 31, 2024	248	(a)	$	84.56	—	10,786,101
February 1, 2024 to February 29, 2024	402,252	(b)	$	80.02	300,000	10,486,101
March 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024	625,163	(c)	$	79.36	460,395	10,025,706
Total January 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024	1,027,663				760,395

(a)Represents shares repurchased in connection with employee stock plans, whereby Company shares were tendered by employees for the payment of applicable withholding taxes.

(b)Includes 102,252 shares repurchased in connection with employee stock plans, whereby Company shares were tendered by employees for the payment of applicable withholding taxes.

(c)Includes 164,768 shares repurchased in connection with employee stock plans, whereby Company shares were tendered by employees for the payment of applicable withholding taxes.

(d)Commencing in October 1997, the Company’s Board of Directors has, at various times, authorized the repurchase, from time to time, of the Company’s common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions depending on market conditions. Since plan inception, a total of 138,000,000 shares have been authorized for repurchase, of which 127,974,294 shares have been repurchased as of March 31, 2024.

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information

None.

ITEM 6. Exhibits


3.1			Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Robert Half Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 17, 2023.

3.2			Amended and Restated By-Laws of Robert Half Inc.

31.1			Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

31.2			Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

32.1			Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer.

32.2			Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer.

101.1			Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q formatted in Inline XBRL.

104			Cover page of this Form 10-Q formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


			ROBERT HALF INC. (Registrant)

			/s/Michael C. Buckley
			Michael C. Buckley Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and duly authorized signatory)

Date: May 2, 2024

Document

As Amended and Restated Effective July 17, 2023

BY-LAWS OF

ROBERT HALF INC.

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Section 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware shall be at 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle.

Section 2. Principal Office for Transaction of Business. The principal office for the transaction of the business of the Corporation shall be at 2884 Sand Hill Road, in the City of Menlo Park, County of San Mateo, State of California. The Board of Directors may change said principal office from one location to another within or without said City, County or State.

Section 3. Other Offices. The Corporation may have offices at such other place or places, within or without the State of Delaware, as from time to time the Board of Directors may determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETING OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Place of Meetings. Meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such place, if any, either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice or waiver of notice of the meeting.

Section 2. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting shall be held on such date in each year as the Chairman of the Board shall designate. The Board of Directors shall present at each annual meeting a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the Corporation.

Section 3. Special Meetings. A special meeting of the stockholders for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute, may be called at any time by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer or by order of the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, notice of each meeting of stockholders shall be given, in a manner permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law, not less than ten nor more than sixty days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, directed to their address

as it appears upon the books of the corporation, said notice to specify the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, if such date is different from the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting and, unless it is the annual meeting, the purpose or purposes of the meeting. Notice of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in writing, either before or after such meeting, and will be waived by any stockholder by their attendance thereat in person or by proxy, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice thereof had been given. Any previously scheduled meeting of the stockholders may be postponed, and (unless the Certificate of Incorporation otherwise provides) any special meeting of the stockholders may be cancelled, by resolution of the Board of Directors upon public notice given prior to the date previously scheduled for such meeting of stockholders.

Section 5. Quorum and Adjournment. The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. The chairman of the meeting may adjourn the meeting from time to time, whether or not there is such a quorum. No notice of the time and place of adjourned meetings need be given except as required by law. The stockholders present at a duly called meeting at which a quorum is present may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

Section 6. Voting.

(a)Except as otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, each stockholder of voting common stock shall, at each meeting of the stockholders, be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy for each share of stock of the Corporation held by such stockholder on the date fixed pursuant to the provisions of Section 3 of Article IX of these By-Laws as the record date and registered in such stockholder’s name on the books of the Corporation for the determination of stockholders who shall be entitled to notice and to vote at such meeting. Any vote of stock of the Corporation may be given at any meeting of the stockholders by the stockholder entitled thereto in person or by proxy but no proxy shall be voted three years after its date, unless said proxy shall provide for a longer period. At all meetings of the stockholders all matters except where other provision is made by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, shall be decided by the vote of a majority in voting interest of the stockholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote on that matter. For purposes of determining the vote on any matter, including election of directors, the shares deemed entitled to vote on that matter shall not include broker non-votes. Unless demanded by a stockholder of the Corporation present in person or by proxy at any meeting of the stockholders and entitled to vote thereat or so directed by the chairman of the meeting, the vote thereat on any question or matter, including the election of directors, need not be by ballot. Upon a demand of any such stockholder for a vote by ballot on any question or at the direction of such chairman that a vote by ballot be taken on any question, such vote shall be taken. On a vote by ballot each ballot shall be signed by the stockholder voting, or by their proxy, and shall state the number of shares voted. No holder of

Preferred Stock shall be entitled to vote at any meeting of the stockholders, except as provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by the Certificate of Determination of Preferences creating such Preferred Stock.

(b)Except as provided in Section 5 of Article III of these By-Laws or as otherwise required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, each director shall be elected by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to the director at any meeting for the election of directors at which a quorum is present, provided that if on the record date for such meeting or the advance notice date for nominations at such meeting determined pursuant to Section 9(a)(2) of Article II of these By-laws, the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected, the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the shares represented in person or by proxy at any such meeting and entitled to vote on the election of directors.

Section 7. List of Stockholders. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting; provided, however, that if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than 10 days before the meeting date, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, for a period of 10 days ending on the day before the meeting date: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the principal place of business of the Corporation.

Section 8. Inspectors of Votes. At each meeting of the stockholders the chairman of such meeting may appoint one or three Inspectors of Votes to act thereat. Each Inspector of Votes so appointed shall first subscribe an oath or affirmation faithfully to execute the duties of an Inspector of Votes at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of their ability. Such Inspectors of Votes shall take charge of the ballots at such meeting and after the balloting thereat on any question shall count the ballots cast thereon and shall make a report in writing to the secretary of such meeting of the results thereof. An Inspector of Votes need not be a stockholder of the Corporation, and any officer of the Corporation may be an Inspector of Votes on any question other than a vote for or against their election to any position with the Corporation or on any other question in which they may be directly interested. If there are three Inspectors of Votes, the determination, report or certificate of two such Inspectors shall be as effective as if unanimously made by all Inspectors.

Section 9. Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.

(a)Annual Meetings of Stockholders.

(1)Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (a) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (c) with respect to nominations of persons and the proposal of any business not intended to be included in the Corporation’s proxy statement for

such annual meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in subsection (a)(2) of this Section 9, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice and other procedures set forth in subsection (a)(2) of this Section 9, or (d) with respect to nominations of persons intended to be included in the Corporation’s proxy statement for such annual meeting, by a Nominator (as defined below) who complies with the notice and other procedures set forth in subsection (a)(3) of this Section 9.

(2)For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of paragraph (a)(1) of this Section 9, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 60th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 90th day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 60th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth:

(a)as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and any successor to such Regulation, including and in addition to:

(i)such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected;

(ii)an affirmation that such person meets the Corporation’s stated criteria for board membership;

(iii)any transactions or relationships between such person and the Corporation or the Corporation’s customers, suppliers, competitors or management;

(iv)the trading history of such person with respect to the

Corporation’s stock;

(v)information regarding whether such person has any plans or proposals for the Corporation and whether such person seeks to use the nomination to redress personal claims or grievances against the Corporation or others or to further personal interests or special interests not shared by stockholders at large; and

(vi)a description of (1) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, or any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such nominee, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question to be decided by the Board of Directors or that otherwise relates to the Corporation or such persons’ service on the Board of Directors (a “Voting Commitment”) and (2) any compensatory, payment or other financial agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person other than with the Corporation, including any agreement to indemnify such person for obligations arising as a result of their service as a director of the Corporation, in connection with such nominee’s nomination, service or action as a director of the Corporation (a “Third-Party Compensation Arrangement”);

(b)as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made; and

(c)as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner or owners, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made:

(i)the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of any such beneficial owner;

(ii)(1) the class and number of shares of the Corporation that are, directly or indirectly, beneficially owned by such stockholder and each beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made and their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith, including the proposed nominee (each, a “Proponent Person” and collectively, the “Proponent Persons”), (2) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, swap or similar right or agreement with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, or which is intended to increase or decrease (or has the effect of increasing or decreasing) the voting power of any person with respect to the shares of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right or agreement shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or otherwise (a “Derivative Instrument”), owned beneficially, directly or indirectly, by any such Proponent Person and any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of the shares of the Corporation, (3) a description of any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which any such Proponent Person has a right to vote any shares of the Corporation or influence the voting over any such shares, (4) any short interest of any such Proponent Person in any security of the Corporation, (5) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially, directly or indirectly, by any such Proponent Person that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (6) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which any such Proponent Person is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner, and (7) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that any such Proponent Person is entitled to based on any increase or

decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, including without limitation any such interests held by members of any such Proponent Person’s immediate family sharing the same household;

(iii)the trading history of such stockholder and such beneficial owner with respect to the Corporation’s stock;

(iv)any transactions or relationships between such stockholder or such beneficial owner, on the one hand, and the Corporation or its customers, suppliers, competitors or management, on the other hand;

(v)information regarding whether such stockholder or such beneficial owner, or any of their affiliates have any plans or proposals for the Corporation other than those described in the notice, and whether such stockholder or such beneficial owner seeks to use the nomination or proposal to redress personal claims or grievances against the Corporation or others or to further personal interests or special interests not shared by stockholders at large;

(vi)a representation that the stockholder is a stockholder of record of stock of the Corporation at the time of the giving of notice provided for in these By- Laws, is entitled to vote at such meeting and that the stockholder (or a qualified representative thereof) intends to appear in person at the meeting to present such nominee for election or to bring such business before the meeting;

(vii)all other information relating to such stockholder or such beneficial owner which would be required to be included in a proxy statement or other filing required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission if, with respect to any such nomination or item of business, such stockholder were a participant in a solicitation subject to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act;

(viii)a description of (1) all agreements, arrangements or understandings with respect to the nomination or proposal and/or the voting of shares of any class or series of stock of the Corporation between or among the Proponent Persons, each nominee and/or any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the nomination, nominations, or proposal are to be made by the stockholder and (2) any material interest the Proponent Persons have in the nomination or proposal;

(ix)a representation whether such stockholder or beneficial owner or any of their respective affiliates or associates is being financed or indemnified by any third party for making the nomination or proposal; and

(x)a statement as to whether or not such stockholder or beneficial owner or any affiliate or associate of any of the foregoing intends to deliver a proxy statement and form of proxy to stockholders and/or otherwise solicit proxies from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination and, if so, (1) the name of each participant in such solicitation (as defined in Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) and (2) in the case of a nomination, a representation that such stockholder, any such beneficial owner or any affiliate or associate of any of the foregoing intend(s) or is part of a group which intends to deliver a

proxy statement and form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Corporation’s outstanding capital stock required under Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act.

In addition, such stockholder shall be required to provide such further information as may be requested by the Corporation, including, without limitation a written questionnaire provided by the Secretary of the Corporation with respect to the background, qualifications, stock ownership and independence of such proposed nominee.

A stockholder providing notice of a proposed nomination for election to the Board of Directors or other business proposed to be brought before a meeting (whether given pursuant to this subsection (A) or subsection (B) of this Section 9) shall update and supplement such notice from time to time to the extent necessary so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice, including all representations made in connection therewith, shall be true and correct as of the record date for the meeting and as of the date that is 15 days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof; such update and supplement shall be delivered in writing to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than 5 days after the record date for the meeting (in the case of any update and supplement required to be made as of the record date), and not later than 10 days prior to the date for the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof (in the case of any update and supplement required to be made as of 15 days prior to the meeting or any adjournment or postponement thereof). In addition, if any stockholder provides notice of a proposed nomination for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act, such stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than seven business days prior to the date for the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act.

(3)Proxy Access for Director Nominations.

(a)Whenever the Board of Directors solicits proxies with respect to the election of directors at an annual meeting, in addition to any persons nominated for election to the Board of Directors by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of this subsection 9(a)(3), the Corporation shall:

(i)include in its notice of meeting and proxy materials, as applicable, for any annual meeting of stockholders (1) the name of any person nominated for election (the “Stockholder Nominee”) by a stockholder as of the date that the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination (as defined below) is received by the Secretary of the Corporation at the principal executive offices of the Corporation in accordance with this subsection 9(a)(3) who is entitled to vote for the election of directors at the annual meeting and who satisfies the notice, ownership and other requirements of this subsection 9(a)(3) (such stockholder, together with the beneficial owner of such shares, a “Nominator”) or by a group of no more than 20 such stockholders (such stockholders, together with the beneficial owners of such shares, a “Nominator Group”) that, collectively as a Nominator Group, satisfies the notice, ownership and other requirements of this subsection 9(a)(3) applicable to a Nominator Group; provided that, in the case of a Nominator Group, each member thereof (each a “Group Member”) shall have satisfied the notice, ownership and other requirements of this subsection 9(a)(3) applicable to Group Members, and (2) if the Nominator or the Nominator Group, as applicable,

so elects, the Nomination Statement (as defined below) furnished by such Nominator or Nominator Group; and

(ii)include such Stockholder Nominee’s name on any ballot distributed at such annual meeting and on the Corporation’s proxy card (or any other format through which the Corporation permits proxies to be submitted) distributed in connection with such annual meeting. Nothing in this subsection 9(a)(3) shall limit the Corporation’s ability to solicit against, and include in its proxy materials its own statements relating to, any Stockholder Nominee, Nominator or Nominator Group, or to include such Stockholder Nominee as a nominee of the Board of Directors.

(b)At each annual meeting, a Nominator or Nominator Group may nominate one or more Stockholder Nominees for election at such meeting pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3); provided that the maximum number of Stockholder Nominees nominated by all Nominators and Nominator Groups (including Stockholder Nominees that were submitted by a Nominator or Nominator Group for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) but either are subsequently withdrawn, disregarded, declared invalid or ineligible pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3)) to appear in the Corporation’s proxy materials with respect to an annual meeting shall not exceed 25% of the total number of directors in office as of the Final Proxy Access Deadline (as defined below), or if such number is not a whole number, the closest whole number below 25% (the “Maximum Number”).

The Maximum Number shall be reduced, but not below zero, by the sum of:

(x)the number

(y)the number

(z)the number

If one or more vacancies for any reason occurs on the Board of Directors at any time after the Final Proxy Access Deadline but before the date of the applicable annual meeting and the Board of Directors determines to reduce the size of the Board of Directors in connection therewith, the Maximum Number shall be calculated based on the number of directors in office as so reduced.

Any Nominator or Nominator Group submitting more than one Stockholder Nominee for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) shall rank in its Notice of Proxy Access Nomination such Stockholder Nominees based on the order that the Nominator or Nominator Group desires such Stockholder Nominees to be selected for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials in the event that the total number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Nominators or Nominator Groups pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) exceeds the Maximum Number. In the event that the number of Stockholder Nominees submitted by Nominators or Nominator Groups pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) exceeds the Maximum Number, the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this subsection 9(a)(3) from each Nominator and Nominator Group will be selected for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials until the Maximum Number is reached, beginning with the Nominator or Nominator Group with the largest number of shares

disclosed as owned (defined below) in its respective Notice of Proxy Access Nomination submitted to the Corporation and proceeding through each Nominator or Nominator Group in descending order of ownership. If the Maximum Number is not reached after the highest ranking Stockholder Nominee who meets the requirements of this subsection 9(a)(3) from each Nominator and Nominator Group has been selected, this process will continue as many times as necessary, following the same order each time, until the Maximum Number is reached.

If, after the Final Proxy Access Deadline, whether before or after the mailing of the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement, (i) a Stockholder Nominee who satisfies the requirements of this subsection 9(a)(3) becomes ineligible for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3), becomes unwilling to serve on the Board of Directors, dies, becomes disabled or is otherwise disqualified from being nominated for election or serving as a director of the Corporation or (ii) a Nominator or Nominator Group withdraws its nomination or becomes ineligible, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, then the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting shall declare each nomination by such Nominator or Nominator Group to be invalid, and each such nomination shall be disregarded, no replacement nominee or nominees shall be included in the Corporation’s proxy materials or otherwise submitted for election as a director in substitution thereof and the Corporation (1) may omit from its proxy materials information concerning such Stockholder Nominee and (2) may otherwise communicate to its stockholders, including without limitation by amending or supplementing its proxy materials, that the Stockholder Nominee will not be eligible for election at the annual meeting and will not be included as a Stockholder Nominee in the proxy materials.

(c) To nominate a Stockholder Nominee, the Nominator or Nominator Group shall submit to the Secretary of the Corporation the information required by this subsection 9(a)(3) on a timely basis. To be timely, the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination must be addressed to and received by the Secretary of the Corporation not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days prior to the first anniversary of the date on which the Corporation’s definitive proxy statement was released to stockholders in connection with the prior year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that if the annual meeting is convened more than 30 days prior to or delayed by more than 60 days after the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, the information must be so received not earlier than 120 days prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of (x) the 90th day prior to such annual meeting or (y) the 10th day following the day on which a public announcement of the date of the annual meeting is first made (the last day on which a Notice of Proxy Access Nomination may be delivered pursuant to and in accordance with this subsection 9(a)(3), the “Final Proxy Access Deadline”); provided, further, that in no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting, or the public announcement thereof, commence a new time period or extend any time period for the receipt of the information required by this subsection 9(a)(3). The written notice required by this subsection 9(a)(3) (the “Notice of Proxy Access Nomination”) shall include:

(i)a written notice of the nomination by such Nominator or Nominator Group expressly requesting to have its Stockholder Nominee included in the Corporation’s proxy materials pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) that includes, with respect to the Stockholder Nominee and the Nominator (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) or, in the case of a Nominator Group, with respect to each

Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) all of the representations, agreements and other information required in a stockholder notice submitted under paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 9;

(ii)if the Nominator or Nominator Group so elects, a written statement of the Nominator or Nominator Group for inclusion in the Corporation’s proxy statement in support of the election of the Stockholder Nominee(s) to the Board of Directors, which statement shall not exceed 500 words with respect to each Stockholder Nominee (the “Nomination Statement”) and for the avoidance of doubt, the Nomination Statement shall be limited to 500 words and shall not include any images, charts, pictures, graphic presentations or similar items;

(iii)in the case of a nomination by a Nominator Group, the designation by all Group Members of one specified Group Member (or a qualified representative thereof) that is authorized to act on behalf of all Group Members with respect to the nomination and matters related thereto, including withdrawal of the nomination;

(iv)a representation by the Stockholder Nominee and the Nominator or Nominator Group (including each Group Member) and any

beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made that each such person has provided and will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders and beneficial owners, including without limitation the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination and the Nomination Statement, that are and will be true and correct in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(v)a statement of the Nominator or Nominator Group (including each Group Member) and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made, setting forth and certifying the number of shares such Nominator or Nominator Group is deemed to own (as determined in accordance with sub-paragraph (d) of this subsection 9(a)(3)) continuously for at least three years as of the date of the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination and one or more written statements from the stockholder of the Required Shares (as defined below), and from each intermediary through which such shares are or have been held during the requisite three-year holding period, verifying that, as of a date within seven days prior to the date that the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination is received by the Secretary of the Corporation, the Nominator or the Nominator Group, as the case may be, owns, and has owned continuously for the preceding three years, the Required Shares, and the Nominator’s or, in the case of a Nominator Group, each Group Member’s agreement to provide (1) within seven days after the record date for the applicable annual meeting, written statements from the stockholder and intermediaries verifying the Nominator’s or the Nominator Group’s, as the case may be, continuous ownership of the Required Shares through the record date; provided that if and to the extent that a stockholder is acting on behalf of one or more beneficial owners, such written statements shall also be submitted by any such beneficial owner or owners, and (2) immediate notice if the Nominator or the Nominator Group, as the case may be, ceases to own the Required Shares prior to the date of the applicable annual meeting;

(vi)a copy of any Schedule 14N that has been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as required by Rule 14a-18 under the Exchange Act;

(vii)a representation by the Nominator (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made), or, in the case of a Nominator Group, each Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) that:

(1)the Required Shares were acquired in the ordinary course of business and not with intent to change or influence control of the Corporation, and each such person does not presently have such intent;

(2)each such person will maintain ownership (as defined in this subsection 9(a)(3)) of the Required Shares through the date of the applicable annual meeting along with a further statement as to whether or not such person has the intention to hold the Required Shares for at least one year thereafter (which statement the Nominator or Nominator Group shall include in its Nomination Statement, it being understood that the inclusion of such statement shall not count towards the Nomination Statement’s 500- word limit);

(3)each such person has not nominated, and will not nominate, for election to the Board of Directors at the applicable annual meeting any person other than its Stockholder Nominee(s) pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3);

(4)each such person has not distributed, and will not distribute, to any stockholders or beneficial owners any form of proxy for the applicable annual meeting other than the form distributed by the Corporation;

(5)each such person has not engaged in, and will not directly or indirectly engage in, and has not been and will not be a participant (as defined in Schedule 14A of the Exchange Act) in, a “solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a director at the applicable annual meeting other than with respect to such Nominator or Nominator Group’s Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors; and

(6)each such person consents to the public disclosure of the information provided pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3);

(viii)an executed agreement, in a form deemed satisfactory by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, pursuant to which the Nominator (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) or, in the case of a Nominator Group, each Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) agrees to:

(1)comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations arising out of or relating to the nomination of each Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3);

(2)assume all liability stemming from any legal or regulatory violation arising out of the communications and information provided by such person(s) to the Corporation and its stockholders and beneficial owners, including without limitation the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination and Nomination Statement;

(3)indemnify and hold harmless the Corporation and each of its directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates individually against any liability, loss or damages in connection with any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding, whether legal, administrative or investigative, against the Corporation or any of its directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates arising out of or relating to any nomination submitted by such person(s) pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3);

(4)file with the Securities and Exchange Commission any solicitation by or on behalf of the Nominator or Nominator Group (including each Group Member) and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made relating to the meeting at which the Stockholder Nominee will be nominated, regardless of whether any such filing is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act or whether any exemption from filing is available for such solicitation under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act;

(5)furnish to the Corporation all notifications and updated information required by this subsection 9(a)(3), including, without limitation, the information required by sub-paragraph (e) of this subsection 9(a)(3); and

(6)upon request, provide to the Corporation within five business days after such request, but in any event prior to the day of the annual meeting, such additional information as reasonably requested by the Corporation; and

(ix)a letter of resignation signed by each Stockholder Nominee, which letter shall specify that such Stockholder Nominee’s resignation is irrevocable and that it shall become effective upon a determination by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof that (1) any of the information provided to the Corporation by the Nominator, the Nominator Group, any Group Member (including, in each case, any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) or the Stockholder Nominee in respect of the nomination of such Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) is or was untrue in any material respect (or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading) or (2) the Stockholder Nominee, the Nominator, the Nominator Group or any Group Member (including, in each case, any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) or any affiliate thereof shall have breached any of its representations, obligations or agreements under this subsection 9(a)(3).

(d) Ownership Requirements.

(i)To nominate a Stockholder Nominee pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3), the Nominator or Nominator Group shall have owned shares representing 3% or more of the voting power entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “Required Shares”) continuously for at least three years as of both the date the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination is submitted to the Corporation and the record date for determining stockholders eligible to vote at the applicable annual meeting and must continue to own the

Required Shares at all times between and including the date the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination is submitted to the Corporation and the date of the applicable annual meeting; provided that if and to the extent a stockholder is acting on behalf of one or more beneficial owners (i) only the shares owned by such beneficial owner or owners, and not any other shares owned by any such stockholder, shall be counted for purposes of satisfying the foregoing ownership requirement and (ii) the aggregate number of stockholders and all such beneficial owners whose share ownership is counted for the purposes of satisfying the foregoing ownership requirement shall not exceed 20. For the purposes of determining whether the Nominator or Nominator Group owned the Required Shares for the requisite three-year period, the aggregate number of shares entitled to vote generally in the election of directors shall be determined by reference to the Corporation’s periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission during the ownership period. Two or more funds that are (i) under common management and investment control, (ii) under common management and funded primarily by the same employer or (iii) a “group of investment companies,” as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, shall be treated as one stockholder or beneficial owner, as the case may be, for the purpose of satisfying the foregoing ownership requirements; provided that each fund otherwise meets the requirements set forth in this subsection 9(a)(3); and provided further that any such funds for which shares are aggregated for the purpose of satisfying the foregoing ownership requirements provide documentation reasonably satisfactory to the Corporation that demonstrates that the funds satisfy the criteria for being treated as one stockholder within seven days after the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination is delivered to the Corporation. No shares may be attributed to more than one Nominator or Nominator Group, and no stockholder or beneficial owner may be a member of more than one Nominator Group (other than a stockholder directed to act by more than one beneficial owner) for the purposes of this subsection 9(a)(3).

(ii)For purposes of this subsection 9(a)(3), “ownership” shall be deemed to consist of and include only the outstanding shares as to which a person possesses both (i) the full voting and investment rights pertaining to such shares and (ii) the full economic interest in (including the opportunity for profit and risk of loss on) such shares; provided that the ownership of shares calculated in accordance with clauses (i) and (ii) shall not include any shares (1) that a person or any of its affiliates has sold in any transaction that has not been settled or closed, including any short sale, (2) that a person or any of its affiliates has borrowed for any purposes or purchased pursuant to an agreement to resell or (3) that are subject to any Derivative Instrument or similar agreement entered into by a person or any of its affiliates, whether any such security, instrument or agreement is to be settled with shares or with cash based on the notional amount or value of shares, in any case in which such security, instrument or agreement has, or is intended to have, or if exercised by either party would have, the purpose or effect of (x) reducing in any manner, to any extent or at any time in the future, the person’s or such person’s affiliates’ full right to vote or direct the voting of any such shares, and/or (y) hedging, offsetting or altering to any degree any gain or loss arising from the full economic ownership of such person’s or such person’s affiliates’ shares. “Ownership” shall include shares held in the name of a nominee or other intermediary so long as the person claiming ownership of such shares retains the right to instruct how the shares are voted with respect to the election of directors and possesses the full economic interest in the shares. A person’s ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which the person has delegated any voting power by means of a proxy, power of attorney or other instrument or arrangement that is revocable at any time by the person. A person’s ownership of shares shall be deemed to continue during any period in which the person has loaned such shares provided that the person has the

power to recall such loaned shares on five business days’ notice, will vote such shares at the annual meeting and will hold such shares through the date of the annual meeting. The determination of whether the requirements of “ownership” of shares for purposes of this subsection 9(a)(3) are met shall be made by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof. Any such determination adopted in good faith by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof shall be conclusive and binding on the Corporation, its stockholders and beneficial owners and all other parties. For the purposes of this subsection 9(a)(3), the terms “owned,” “owning” and other variations of the word “own” shall have correlative meanings. For the purposes of this subsection 9(a)(3), the term “affiliate” or “affiliates” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto under the rules and regulations of the Exchange Act.

(e) For the avoidance of doubt, with respect to any nomination submitted by a Nominator Group pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3), the information required by sub-paragraph (c) of this subsection 9(a)(3) to be included in the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination shall be provided by each Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made), and each such Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) shall execute and deliver to the Secretary of the Corporation the representations and agreements required under sub-paragraph (c) of this subsection 9(a)(3) at the time the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination is submitted to the Corporation. In the event that the Nominator, Nominator Group or any Group Member shall have breached any of their agreements with the Corporation or any information included in the Nomination Statement or the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, or any other communications by the Nominator, Nominator Group or any Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) with the Corporation or its stockholders and beneficial owners, ceases to be true and correct in all material respects (or omits a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and as of such later date, not misleading), each Nominator, Nominator Group or Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made), as the case may be, shall promptly (and in any event within 48 hours of discovering such breach or that such information has ceased to be true and correct in all material respects (or omits a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and as of such later date, not misleading)) notify the Secretary of the Corporation of any such breach, inaccuracy or omission in such previously provided information and shall provide the information that is required to correct any such defect, if applicable, it being understood that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any defect or limit the Corporation’s rights to omit a Stockholder Nominee from its proxy materials as provided in this subsection 9(a)(3).

(f) Stockholder Nominee Requirements.

(i)Within the time period specified in this subsection 9(a)(3) for delivering the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination, each Stockholder Nominee must deliver to the Secretary of the Corporation a written representation and agreement, which shall be deemed a part of the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination for purposes of this subsection 9(a)(3), that such person: (1) consents to being named in the Corporation’s proxy statement as a nominee, to serve as a director if elected and to the public disclosure of the information provided pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3); (2) understands their duties as a director under the Delaware General Corporation Law and agrees to act in accordance with those duties

while serving as a director; (3) is not and will not become a party to (x) any Voting Commitment that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (y) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (4) is not and will not become a party to any Third-Party Compensation Arrangement that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, and has not and will not receive any such Third-Party Compensation Arrangement that has not been disclosed to the Corporation; (5) if elected as a director of the Corporation, will comply with all applicable laws and stock exchange listing standards and the Corporation’s policies, guidelines and principles applicable to directors, including, without limitation, the Corporation’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, confidentiality, share ownership and trading policies and guidelines, and any other codes, policies and guidelines or any rules, regulations and listing standards, in each case, as applicable to directors; (6) agrees to meet with the Board of Directors or any committee or delegate thereof to discuss matters relating to the nomination of the Stockholder Nominee, including information in the Notice of Proxy Access Nomination and such Stockholder Nominee’s eligibility to serve as a member of the Board of Directors; and (7) will provide facts, statements and other information in all communications with the Corporation and its stockholders and beneficial owners that are and will be true and correct in all material respects and do not and will not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(ii)At the request of the Corporation, each Stockholder Nominee must promptly submit (but in no event later than seven days after receipt of the request) to the Secretary of the Corporation all completed and signed questionnaires required of directors. The Corporation may request such additional information as necessary to permit the Board of Directors to determine if each nominee is independent, including for purposes of serving on the committees of the Board of Directors, under the listing standards of each principal securities exchange upon which the Corporation’s shares are listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the Corporation’s directors and to determine whether the nominee otherwise meets all other publicly disclosed standards applicable to directors.

(iii)In the event that a Stockholder Nominee shall have breached any of their agreements with the Corporation or any information or communications provided by a Stockholder Nominee to the Corporation or its stockholders and beneficial owners ceases to be true and correct in any respect or omits a fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, such nominee shall promptly (and in any event within 48 hours of discovering such breach or that such information has ceased to be true and correct in all material respects (or omits a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and as of such later date, not misleading)) notify the Secretary of the Corporation of any such breach, inaccuracy or omission in such previously provided information and shall provide the information that is required to make such information or communication true and correct, if applicable, it being understood that providing any such notification shall not be deemed to cure any defect or limit the Corporation’s rights to omit a Stockholder Nominee from its proxy materials as provided in this subsection 9(a)(3).

(g) In the event any Nominator or Nominator Group (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) submits a nomination at an annual meeting pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) and such Stockholder Nominee shall have been nominated for election at any of the previous two annual meetings and such Stockholder Nominee shall not have received at least 25% of the votes cast in favor of such nominee’s election or such nominee withdrew from or became ineligible or unavailable for election to the Board of Directors, then such nomination shall be disregarded.

(h) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this subsection 9(a)(3), the Corporation shall not be required to include, pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3), a Stockholder Nominee in its proxy materials for any annual meeting, or, if the proxy statement already has been filed, to submit the nomination of a Stockholder Nominee to a vote at the annual meeting, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation:

(i) for any meeting for which the Secretary of the Corporation receives notice that any stockholder or beneficial owner, as the case may be, intends to nominate one or more persons for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to paragraph 9(a)(2) of this Section 9;

(ii)who is not determined by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion to be independent under the listing standards of each principal securities exchange upon which the shares of the Corporation are listed, any applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and any publicly disclosed standards used by the Board of Directors in determining and disclosing the independence of the Corporation’s directors, including those applicable to a director’s service on any of the committees of the Board of Directors, in each case as determined by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, in its sole discretion;

(iii)whose election as a member of the Board of Directors would cause the Corporation to be in violation of these By-Laws, the Certificate of Incorporation, the rules and listing standards of the principal securities exchanges upon which the shares of the Corporation are listed, or any applicable law, rule or regulation or of any publicly disclosed standards of the Corporation applicable to directors, in each case, as determined by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, in its sole discretion;

(iv)who is or has been, within the past three years, an officer or director of a competitor, as defined in Section 8 of the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914, as amended;

(v)who is a named subject of a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses) or has been convicted in such a criminal proceeding within the past ten years;

(vi)who is subject to any order of the type specified in Rule 506(d) of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

(vii)if the Stockholder Nominee or Nominator (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made), or, in the case of a

Nominator Group, any Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) shall have provided information to the Corporation in connection with such nomination that was untrue in any material respect or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make any statement made, in light of the circumstances under which it was made, not misleading, as determined by the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, in its sole discretion;

(viii)the Nominator (or a qualified representative thereof) or, in the case of a Nominator Group, the representative designated by the Nominator Group in accordance with sub-paragraph (c)(iii) of this subsection 9(a)(3) (or a qualified representative thereof), or the Stockholder Nominee does not appear at the applicable annual meeting to present the Stockholder Nominee for election;

(ix)if the Nominator (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made), or, in the case of a Nominator Group, any Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) has engaged in or is currently engaged in, or has been or is a participant (as defined in Schedule 14A of the Exchange Act) in, a “solicitation” within the meaning of Rule 14a-1(l) under the Exchange Act in support of the election of any individual as a director at the applicable annual meeting other than with respect to such Nominator or Nominator Group’s Stockholder Nominee(s) or a nominee of the Board of Directors; or

(x)the Nominator or, in the case of a Nominator Group, any Group Member, or applicable Stockholder Nominee otherwise breaches or fails to comply with its representations or obligations pursuant to these By-Laws, including, without limitation, this subsection 9(a)(3).

For the purpose of this sub-paragraph (h), clauses (ii) through (x) will result in the exclusion from the proxy materials pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) of the specific Stockholder Nominee(s) to whom the ineligibility applies, or, if the proxy statement has already been filed, the ineligibility of the Stockholder Nominee(s) and, in either case, the inability of the Nominator or Nominator Group that nominated any such Stockholder Nominee to substitute another Stockholder Nominee therefor; however, clause (i) will result in the exclusion from the proxy materials pursuant to this subsection 9(a)(3) of all Stockholder Nominees for the applicable annual meeting, or, if the proxy statement already has been filed, the ineligibility of all Stockholder Nominees.

(i)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this

subsection 9(a)(3):

(i)the Corporation may omit from its proxy materials any information, including all or any portion of the Nomination Statement, if the Board of Directors determines that the disclosure of such information would violate any applicable law or regulation or that such information is not true and correct in all material respects or omits to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and

(ii)if any Nominator, Nominator Group or Group Member (including any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made) or Stockholder Nominee has failed to comply with the requirements of this subsection 9(a)(3), the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting shall declare the nomination by such Nominator or Nominator Group to be invalid, and such nomination shall be disregarded.

(j) The Board of Directors (or any other person or body authorized by the Board of Directors) shall have the exclusive power and authority to interpret the provisions of this subsection 9(a)(3) and make all determinations deemed necessary or advisable in connection with this subsection 9(a)(3) to any person, facts or circumstances. All such actions, interpretations and determinations that are done or made by the Board of Directors (or any other person or body authorized by the Board of Directors) in good faith shall be final, conclusive and binding on the Corporation, its stockholders and beneficial owners and all other parties.

(k) Subject to the requirements of Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act with respect to the Corporation’s proxy card, this Section 9(a)(3) shall be the exclusive method for stockholders to include nominees for director in the Corporation’s proxy materials.

(4) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 9 to the contrary, with respect to nominations of persons not intended to be included in the Corporation’s proxy statement, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announcement by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least 70 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 9 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (b) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 9, who shall be entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 9. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for the election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 9 shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 90th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 60th day prior to such special meeting or the 10th day following the

day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(1)Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9 shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 9 and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this Section 9, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation. In addition, if any stockholder provides notice of a proposed nomination for election to the Board of Directors pursuant to Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act and subsequently fails to comply with any requirements of Rule 14a-19 under the Exchange Act, as determined by the chairman of the meeting, then such nomination shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have been received by the Corporation.

(2)For purposes of this Section 9, “public announcement” shall mean disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

(3)Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 9, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 9. Nothing in this Section 9 shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors under specified circumstances.

(4)Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board of Directors.

Section 10. Record Date for Action by Written Consent. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than 10 days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. Any stockholder of record seeking to have the stockholders authorize or take corporate action by written consent shall, by written

notice to the Secretary, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date. The Board of Directors shall promptly, but in all events within 10 days after the date on which such a request is received, adopt a resolution fixing the record date. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors within 10 days of the date on which such a request is received, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business or to any officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by applicable law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting shall be at the close of business on the date on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

Section 11. Inspectors of Written Consent. In the event of the delivery, in the manner provided by Section 10, to the Corporation of the requisite written consent or consents to take corporate action and/or any related revocation or revocations, the Corporation shall engage nationally recognized independent inspectors of elections for the purpose of promptly performing a ministerial review of the validity of the consents and revocations. For the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no action by written consent without a meeting shall be effective until such date as the independent inspectors certify to the Corporation that the consents delivered to the Corporation in accordance with Section 10 of this Article II represent at least the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to take the corporate action. Nothing contained in this paragraph shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Board of Directors or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any consent or revocation thereof, whether before or after such certification by the independent inspectors, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution, or defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).

Section 12. Effectiveness of Written Consent. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent and no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within 60 days of the earliest dated written consent received in accordance with Section 10 of this Article II, a written consent or consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take such action are delivered to the Corporation in the manner prescribed in Section 10 of this Article II.

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

Section 1. General Powers. The property, business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors.

Section 2. Number, Qualification and Term of Office. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board shall not be less than six nor more than eleven. The number of

directors shall be fixed at such number, within the limits specified in the preceding sentence, as determined from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors, upon approval by two- thirds (2/3) of the directors in office. Except as provided in Sections 4 and 5 of this Article III, each director shall be elected by the stockholders at their annual meeting in each year, and shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until their successor shall be elected and qualified or until their death, resignation or removal. Directors need not be stockholders. This Section 2 shall not be amended to change the two-thirds (2/3) approval requirement set forth above except with the approval of two-thirds (2/3) of the directors in office.

Section 3. Resignations. Any director may resign at any time by giving written notice of their resignation to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified therein, or, if the time when it shall become effective shall not be specified therein, then it shall take effect immediately upon its receipt by the Secretary; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective.

Section 4. Removal of Directors. Any director may be removed, with or without cause, at any time, by the affirmative vote of a majority in interest of the stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote, given at a special meeting of the stockholders called for the purpose, and the vacancy in the Board of Directors caused by any such removal may be filled by the stockholders at such meeting or, if the stockholders shall fail to fill such vacancy, by the Board of Directors as provided in Section 5 of this Article III. In no case will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any incumbent director.

Section 5. Vacancies. In case of any vacancy in the Board of Directors caused by death, resignation, disqualification, removal, an increase in the number of directors, or any other cause, the successor to fill the vacancy may be elected by the holders of shares of stock entitled to vote at an annual or special meeting of said holders or by two-thirds (2/3) of the directors in office, though less than a quorum, and each director so elected shall hold office until the next annual election and until their successor shall be duly elected and qualified, or until their death or until he or she shall resign or until he or she shall have been removed. This section shall not be amended to change the requirement of a vote of two-thirds (2/3) of the directors set forth above except upon the approval of two-thirds (2/3) of the directors in office.

Section 6. Place of Meeting. The Board of Directors may hold its meetings at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

Section 7. Organization Meeting. The Board of Directors shall meet immediately following the annual meeting of stockholders and at the place where the stockholders’ meeting was held, for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other business as may lawfully come before it. No notice of such meeting shall be required.

Section 8. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such times as the Board of Directors shall from time to time by resolution determine. If any day fixed for a regular meeting shall be a legal holiday, then the meeting which would otherwise be held on that day shall be held at the same hour on the next succeeding business day. Except as otherwise provided by law, notices of regular meetings need not be given.

Section 9. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held when called by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary, Assistant Secretary or a majority of the Directors.

Section 10. Notice of Meetings. Notice of the time and place of all special meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, and of any regular meeting as to which notice is given, shall be given to each director either by telephone or by written notice delivered personally or sent to such director by mail or by other form of written communication at least one day before the date of the meeting. Notice of any meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance at such meeting.

Section 11. Quorum and Manner of Acting. Except as otherwise provided by statute or by these By-Laws, a majority of the total number of directors (but not less than two) shall be required to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting, and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum shall be present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum, a majority of the directors present may adjourn any meeting from time to time until a quorum be had. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given.

Section 12. Action Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and such writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or Committee.

Section 13. Meeting by Telephone. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

Section 14. Compensation. The Board of Directors may at any time or from time to time by resolution provide that a specified sum shall be paid to any director of the Corporation, either as their annual compensation as such director or member of any committee of the Board of Directors or as compensation for their attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or any such committee. The Board of Directors may also likewise provide that the Corporation shall reimburse each director for any expense paid by him or her on account of their attendance at any meeting. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

ARTICLE IV

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

Section 1. Appointment. The Board of Directors may by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, appoint an Executive Committee of not less than three members, all

of whom shall be directors. The Chairman of the Executive Committee shall be elected by the Board of Directors.

Section 2. Powers. The Executive Committee shall have and may exercise, when the Board is not in session, the power of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation; but neither the Executive Committee nor any other committee shall have the power or authority in reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or amending the By-Laws of the Corporation, nor shall it have the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of stock or to fill vacancies in the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee.

Section 3. Term. The term of the Executive Committee shall be coexistent with that of the Board of Directors which shall have appointed such Committee. The Board may at any time for any reason remove any individual member of the Executive Committee and the Board may fill a Committee vacancy created by death, resignation or removal or increase in the number of members of the Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of the Executive Committee who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the Committee.

Section 4. Meetings. Regular meetings of the Executive Committee, of which no notice shall be required, may be held on such days and at such places as shall be fixed by resolution adopted by a majority of the Committee and communicated to all of its members. Special meetings of the Executive Committee shall be held whenever called by the Chairman of the Executive Committee, the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, or a majority of the members of the Executive Committee then in office and shall be held at such time and place as shall be designated in the notice of the meeting.

Section 5. Quorum and Manner of Action. A majority of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of those present at a meeting thereof at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Committee.

ARTICLE V

OTHER COMMITTEES

Section 1. Committees of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, from time to time appoint other committees of the Board of Directors. Each such committee, to the extent permitted by law and these By- Laws, shall have and may exercise such of the powers of the Board of Directors in the management and affairs of the Corporation as may be prescribed by the resolution creating such committee. A majority of all of the members of any such committee may determine its action and fix the time and place of its meetings and specify what notice thereof, if any, shall be given, unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise prescribe. The Board of Directors shall have power

to change the members of any such committee at any time, to fill vacancies and to discontinue any such committee at any time.

Section 2. Non-Board Committees. The authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by Section 1 of this Article V to appoint committees of the Board of Directors shall not be deemed to preclude the appointment by either the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee of committees whose members need not be directors of the Corporation provided that such committees may not exercise any of the powers of the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE VI

OFFICERS

Section 1. Number. The officers of the Corporation shall be the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer, one or more Vice Presidents, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors may also appoint one or more Assistant Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries or Assistant Treasurers and such other officers and agents with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary. Assistant Vice Presidents may also be appointed by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer. Any officer may be given such specific designation as may be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors. Any two or more offices except those of Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary may be held by the same person.

Section 2. Election and Term of Office. The officers shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its organization meeting following the annual meeting of the stockholders and each shall hold office until the next annual election of officers and until their successor is elected and qualified, or until their death, resignation or removal. Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by a vote of the majority of the whole Board. Any vacancy occurring in any office may be filled by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board.

(a)The Chairman of the Board shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be assigned to him or her by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board shall preside at meetings of the stockholders and Board of Directors and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Executive Committee, shall preside at meetings of the Executive Committee.

(b)The Vice Chairman of the Board, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, shall preside at meetings of the stockholders and Board of Directors. He or she shall exercise such other powers and perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Executive Officer, subject to the general control of the Board of Directors, shall be responsible for the management and direction of the affairs of the Corporation, its officers, employees and agents and shall supervise generally the affairs of the Corporation. He or she shall exercise such other powers and perform such other

duties as may be assigned to him or her by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board and the Vice Chairman of the Board, he or she shall preside at meetings of the stockholders.

Section 5. President. The President, shall perform such duties and have such powers as the Board of Directors or, if the President is not also the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time, including the authority to act in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer.

Section 6. Vice Presidents. The Board of Directors may designate any Vice President as having such powers and duties in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer and the President as it deems appropriate. Except where by law the signature of the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or a President is required, each of the Vice Presidents shall have the same power as the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the President to sign certificates, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation. Any Vice President shall perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as may from time to time be assigned to him or her by these By-Laws, the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer. The Board of Directors may designate any Vice President as being an Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or such other title as it deems appropriate. The Board of Directors shall determine, subject to applicable law, which Vice Presidents shall be deemed “officers” or “executive officers” for regulatory compliance purposes, including, but not limited to, compliance with rules and regulations promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Section 7. Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The Secretary shall record or cause to be recorded in books provided for the purpose the minutes of the meetings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors, the Executive Committee and all other committees of the Board of Directors, if any; shall see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these By-Laws and as required by law; shall be custodian of the seal of the Corporation and see that the seal is affixed to all documents, the execution of which on behalf of the Corporation under its seal is duly authorized in accordance with the provisions of these By-Laws; and, in general, shall perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as may, from time to time, be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer. At the request of the Secretary, or in their absence or disability, any Assistant Secretary shall perform any of the duties of the Secretary and, when so acting, shall have all the powers and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the Secretary. Except where by law the signature of the Secretary is required, each of the Assistant Secretaries shall possess the same power as the Secretary to sign certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of the Corporation, and to affix the seal of the Corporation to such instruments, and attest the same.

Section 8. Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall keep or cause to be kept the books of account of the Corporation and shall render statements of the financial affairs of the Corporation in such form and as often as required by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all other duties commonly incident to their office and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer shall designate from time to time. At the request of the Chief Financial Officer, or in their

absence or disability, the Treasurer may perform any of the duties of the Chief Financial Officer and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the Chief Financial Officer. Except where by law the signature of the Chief Financial Officer is required, the Treasurer shall possess the same power as the Chief Financial Officer to sign all certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of the Corporation.

Section 9. Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer. The Treasurer, subject to the order of the Board of Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform all other duties commonly incident to their office and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer shall designate from time to time. At the request of the Treasurer, or in their absence or disability, the Assistant Treasurer or, in case there shall be more than one Assistant Treasurer, the Assistant Treasurer designated by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer or the Treasurer, may perform any of the duties of the Treasurer and, when so acting, shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the Treasurer. Except where by law the signature of the Treasurer is required, each of the Assistant Treasurers shall possess the same power as the Treasurer to sign all certificates, contracts, obligations and other instruments of the Corporation.

Section 10. Assistant Vice Presidents. The Assistant Vice Presidents shall perform such duties as shall be determined by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board or the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation.

ARTICLE VII

EXECUTION OF INSTRUMENTS

The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, determine the method and designate the signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute any corporate instrument or document or to sign the corporate name without limitation, except where otherwise provided by law or in these By-Laws, and such designation may be general or confined to specific instances.

ARTICLE VIII

VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION

All stock and other securities of other corporations held by the Corporation shall be voted, and all proxies with respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors, or, in the absence of such authorization, by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President.

ARTICLE IX

SHARES OF STOCK

Section 1. Form and Execution of Certificates. The certificates of stock of the Corporation shall be numbered and shall be entered in the books of the Corporation as they are issued. They shall exhibit the holder’s name and number of shares and shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board, the Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President and the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. Any or all of the signatures on such certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer of the Corporation who shall have signed, or whose facsimile signature shall have been placed upon, such certificate shall cease to be such officer before such certificate shall have been issued, such certificate may nevertheless be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as though such person were such officer at the date of issuance.

Section 2. Transfer. Transfer of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and upon surrender of the certificate.

Section 3. Fixing Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholder or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

Section 4. Record Owner. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and accordingly shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, save as expressly provided by the laws of Delaware.

Section 5. Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or certificates, or their legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

ARTICLE X

DIVIDENDS

Subject to the provisions of law and of the Certificate of Incorporation, the Board of Directors, at any regular or special meeting, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of its stock either (a) out of its surplus as defined in and computed in accordance with the provisions of law or (b) in case it shall not have any such surplus, out of its net profits for the fiscal year in which the dividend is declared and/or the preceding fiscal year, whenever and in such amount as, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, the condition of the affairs of the Corporation shall render advisable.

Before payment of any dividend or making any distribution of profits, there may be set aside out of the surplus or net profits of the Corporation such sum or sums as the directors may from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the directors shall think conducive to the interests of the Corporation.

ARTICLE XI

CORPORATE SEAL

The corporate seal shall consist of a die bearing the name of the Corporation and the inscription “Corporate Seal -- Delaware.” Said seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise.

ARTICLE XII

AMENDMENTS

All By-Laws of the Corporation shall be subject to alterations or repeal, and new By- Laws may be made, by the stockholders at any annual or special meeting, or except as otherwise provided by these By-Laws or by law, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office given at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors.

Document

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

I, M. Keith Waddell, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Robert Half Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2024


			/s/ M. Keith Waddell
			M. Keith Waddell President & CEO

Document

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

I, Michael C. Buckley, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of Robert Half Inc.;

(b)any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 2, 2024


			/s/Michael C. Buckley
			Michael C. Buckley Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Document

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 of Robert Half Inc. (the “Form 10-Q”), I, M. Keith Waddell, Chief Executive Officer of Robert Half Inc., certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Form 10-Q fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Robert Half Inc.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to Robert Half Inc. and will be retained by Robert Half Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

May 2, 2024

/s/ M. Keith Waddell

M. Keith Waddell
Chief Executive Officer
Robert Half Inc.

Document

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT

TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2024 of Robert Half Inc. (the “Form 10-Q”), I, Michael C. Buckley, Chief Financial Officer of Robert Half Inc., certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. The Form 10-Q fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Form 10-Q fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Robert Half Inc.

May 2, 2024

/s/Michael C. Buckley

Michael C. Buckley
Chief Financial Officer
Robert Half Inc.