UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

Commission file number: 001-36451

Quest Resource Holding Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

3481 Plano Parkway

The Colony, Texas 75056

(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

(972) 464-0004

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of May 3, 2021, there were outstanding 18,697,549 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

QUEST RESOURCE HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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QUEST RESOURCE HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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QUEST RESOURCE HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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QUEST RESOURCE HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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QUEST RESOURCE HOLDING CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

1. The Company and Description of Business

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Quest Resource Holding Corporation (“QRHC”) and its subsidiaries, Quest Resource Management Group, LLC (“Quest”), Landfill Diversion Innovations, LLC (“LDI”), Youchange, Inc. (“Youchange”), Quest Vertigent Corporation (“QVC”), Quest Vertigent One, LLC (“QV One”), and Quest Sustainability Services, Inc. (“QSS”) (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our company”).  

Operations – We are a national provider of waste and recycling services to customers from across multiple industry sectors that are typically larger, multi-location businesses.  We create customer-specific programs and perform the related services for the collection, processing, recycling, disposal, and tracking of waste streams and recyclables.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) as a pandemic, and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency.  The waste management and recycling services we provide are currently designated an essential critical infrastructure business under the President’s COVID-19 guidance, the continued operation of which is vital for national public health, safety and national economic security.  The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including the duration and spread of the outbreak, its impact on our customers and subcontractors, and the range of governmental and community reactions to the pandemic, which are uncertain and cannot be fully predicted at this time.

On October 19, 2020, Quest acquired substantially all of the assets used in the business of Green Remedies Waste and Recycling, Inc. (“Green Remedies”), a leading provider of independent environmental services, particularly in multi-family housing, located in Burlington, NC. See Note 3 for more information regarding the acquisition.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Presentation and Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared by us without audit pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the SEC, although we believe the disclosures that are made are adequate to make the information presented herein not misleading.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in our opinion, all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly our financial position at March 31, 2021 and the results of our operations and cash flows for the periods presented. We derived the December 31, 2020 condensed consolidated balance sheet data from audited financial statements; however, we did not include all disclosures required by GAAP. As QRHC, Quest, LDI, Youchange, QVC, QV One, and QSS each operate as environmental-based service companies, we did not deem segment reporting necessary.

All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Interim results are subject to seasonal variations, and the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Adopted

On January 1, 2021, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2019-12, Income Taxes – (Topic 740), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and amending guidance to improve consistent application of accounting over income taxes.  The adoption of the standard did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848):  Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.  This standard provides operational guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting due to the cessation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”).  The amendments are elective and apply to all entities that have contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued.  The expedients and exceptions provided by the amendments generally do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022.  As further discussed in Note 7, our ABL facility provides procedures for determining a replacement or alternative rate in the event that LIBOR is unavailable.   As such, we do not expect the transition away from LIBOR to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Pending Adoption

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), which provides guidance on measuring credit losses on financial instruments.  The amended guidance replaces current incurred loss impairment methodology of recognizing credit losses when a loss is probable with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to assess credit loss estimates.  ASU 2016-13 is effective for us on January 1, 2023.  We are assessing the provisions of this amended guidance; however, the adoption of the standard is not expected to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

There have been no other recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet adopted that are of significance, or potential significance, to us.

3.  Acquisition

On October 19, 2020, we acquired substantially all of the assets of Green Remedies (the “Green Remedies Assets”) pursuant to the Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Asset Purchase Agreement”), dated as of October 19, 2020, among the Company, Green Remedies and Alan Allred (the “Acquisition”). Green Remedies is a leading provider of independent environmental services, particularly in the multi-family housing market, and is located in Burlington, NC.  The Acquisition strengthens our presence across key markets, particularly in multi-family housing.  The total purchase price for the Green Remedies Assets was approximately $16.1 million at close, which includes an earn out estimate tied to future performance over the next three years.  We funded the Acquisition primarily with funds pursuant to the Monroe Capital term note, as further discussed in Note 7, which is secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of QRHC’s tangible and intangible assets.

The following table sets forth the purchase price allocation amount of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

The purchase price was allocated based on an estimate of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date.

Goodwill represents the amount by which the purchase price exceeds the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired and primarily reflects future synergies.  The goodwill related to the Green Remedies Assets is deductible for income tax purposes.

Deferred consideration payable to the seller includes $2,684,250 payable in either cash or shares of our common stock at our option, and an earn-out not to exceed $2,250,000 over an earn-out period, as defined in the Asset Purchase Agreement.  We valued the earn-out liability at $440,000 using a Monte Carlo simulation (a Level 3 measurement under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, Fair Value Measurement).  The fair value estimate uses unobservable inputs that reflect our own assumptions as to the performance target benchmarks of the acquired business and discount rates used in the calculation.  As the earn-out liability is a contingent consideration arrangement, it is subject to periodic revaluation in accordance with ASC 820.  Changes in the estimated fair value of the contingent earn-out consideration would be reflected in our results of operations in the period in which they are identified.  We believe the estimated fair value of the earn-out, based on the evaluation of the performance of the acquired business is materially accurate as of March 31, 2021.

The following table presents unaudited pro forma information for the three months ended March 31, 2020 as if the Acquisition had occurred at the beginning of our 2020 fiscal year.  The unaudited pro forma information includes adjustments for amortization expense on definite lived intangible assets acquired, interest expense on debt incurred related to the Acquisition, and the related income tax effects.  

The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the operating results or financial position that would have occurred if the Acquisition had been effected on the dates previously set forth, nor is it indicative of the future operating results or financial position in combination.

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4. Property and Equipment, net, and Other Assets

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, property and equipment, net, and other assets consisted of the following:

We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property and equipment. Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was $110,136, including $68,376 of depreciation expense reflected within “Cost of revenue” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations as it related to assets used in directly servicing customer contracts and was $50,220 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, including $13,818 of depreciation expense reflected within “Cost of revenue.”  

We recorded right-of-use operating lease assets related to our corporate office lease and the office lease space in Burlington, NC in accordance with ASC 842.  Refer to Note 8, Leases for additional information.

On February 20, 2018 (the “Closing Date”), we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Earth Media Partners, LLC to sell certain assets of our wholly owned subsidiary, Earth911, Inc., in exchange for a 19% interest in Earth Media Partners, LLC, which was recorded as an investment in the amount of $246,585 as of the Closing Date, and a potential future earn-out amount of approximately $350,000.  The net assets sold related to the Earth911.com website business and consisted primarily of the website and its content and customers, deferred revenue, and accounts receivable as of the Closing Date.  Earth911, Inc. was subsequently renamed Quest Sustainability Services, Inc.  The carrying amount of our investment in Earth Media Partners, LLC is included in “Security deposits and other assets” and we have an accrued receivable in the amount of $273,165 and $259,017 related to the earn-out included in “Accounts receivable” as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The components of goodwill and other intangible assets were as follows:

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We compute amortization using the straight-line method over the useful lives of the finite lived intangible assets.  Amortization expense related to finite lived intangible assets was $365,524 and $297,351 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

We have no indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill. $58.2 million of the goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes, while $8.1 million of goodwill added in the Acquisition is deductible over its tax-basis life.  

We performed our annual impairment analysis for goodwill and other intangible assets in the third quarter of 2020 with no impairment recorded.

6.  Current Liabilities

The components of Accounts payable and accrued liabilities were as follows:

Refer to Note 8, Leases for additional disclosure related to the operating lease liability.

The components of Other current liabilities were as follows:

Refer to Note 3, Acquisition for additional disclosure related to the deferred seller consideration related to the Acquisition.

7. Notes Payable and Other Long-term Liabilities, net

Our debt obligations are as follows:

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We capitalize financing costs we incur related to implementing our debt arrangements.  We record these debt issuance costs associated with our revolving credit facility and our term loan as a reduction of long-term debt, net and amortize them over the contractual life of the related debt arrangements.  The table below summarizes changes in debt issuance costs.

Revolving Credit Facility

On August 5, 2020 and then as amended on October 19, 2020, QRHC and certain of its domestic subsidiaries entered into a Loan, Security and Guaranty Agreement (the “BBVA Loan Agreement”) with BBVA USA, as a lender, and as administrative agent, collateral agent, and issuing bank, which provides for a credit facility (the “ABL Facility”) comprising the following:

The BBVA Loan Agreement contains certain financial covenants, including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio. In addition, the BBVA Loan Agreement contains negative covenants limiting, among other things, additional indebtedness, transactions with affiliates, additional liens, sales of assets, dividends, investments and advances, prepayments of debt, mergers and acquisitions, and other matter customarily restricted in such agreements. The BBVA Loan Agreement also contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, events of bankruptcy and insolvency, change of control, and failure of any guaranty or security document supporting the BBVA Loan Agreement to be in full force and effect. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the outstanding obligations under the BBVA Loan Agreement may be accelerated and become immediately due and payable.

The ABL Facility bears interest, at our option, at either the Base Rate, as defined in the BBVA Loan Agreement, plus a margin ranging from 0.75% to 1.25% (3.0% as of March 31, 2021), or the LIBOR Lending Rate for the interest period in effect, plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 2.25% (no borrowings as of March 31, 2021). 

As of March 31, 2021, the ABL Facility borrowing base availability was $15,000,000, of which $3,624,210 principal was outstanding.

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LIBOR is expected to be discontinued after 2021.  The ABL Facility provides procedures for determining a replacement or alternative rate in the event that LIBOR is unavailable.  However, there can be no assurances as to whether such replacement or alternative rate will be more or less favorable than LIBOR.  We intend to monitor the developments with respect to the potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 and will work with BBVA USA to ensure any transition away from LIBOR will have minimal impact on our financial condition.  We however can provide no assurances regarding the impact of the discontinuation of LIBOR on the interest rate that we would be required to pay or on our financial condition.

Monroe Term Loan

On October 19, 2020, QRHC and certain of its domestic subsidiaries entered into a Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”), dated as of October 19, 2020, with Monroe Capital Management Advisors, LLC (“Monroe Capital”), as administrative agent for the lenders thereto.  Among other things, the Credit Agreement provides for the following:

The Credit Agreement contains certain financial covenants, including a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a senior net leverage ratio.  In addition, the Credit Agreement contains negative covenants limiting, among other things, additional indebtedness, transactions with affiliates, additional liens, sales of assets, dividends, investments and advances, prepayments of debt, mergers and acquisitions, and other matters customarily restricted in such agreements.  The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, including payment defaults, breaches of representations and warranties, covenant defaults, events of bankruptcy and insolvency, change of control, and failure of any guaranty or security document supporting the Credit Agreement to be in full force and effect. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the outstanding obligations under the Credit Agreement may be accelerated and become immediately due and payable.

At the same time as the borrowing of the $11.5 million under the Credit Agreement, in a separate agreement, we issued Monroe Capital a warrant to purchase 500,000 shares of QRHC’s common stock exercisable immediately.  For the $12.5 million delayed draw term loan facility, we will issue a separate warrant to purchase 350,000 shares upon drawing on this facility or on October 19, 2021, whichever occurs first, or upon certain other events.  Both warrants have an exercise price of $1.50 per share and an expiration date of March 19, 2028.  We estimated the value of the 500,000-share warrant issued using the Black Scholes option pricing model and recorded a debt discount of approximately $766,000 which is being amortized over the term of the Credit Agreement.  We also executed a letter agreement that provides that the warrant holder will receive minimum net proceeds of $1 million less any net proceeds received from the sale of the warrant shares, which is conditional on the full exercise and sale of all the warrant shares at the same time and upon a date two years after the closing date of the agreement.

Green Remedies Promissory Note

On October 19, 2020, we issued an unsecured subordinated promissory note to the seller of Green Remedies in the aggregate principal amount of $2,684,250, payable commencing on January 1, 2021 in quarterly installments through October 1, 2025 and subject to an interest rate of 3.0% per annum.

Interest Expense

The amount of interest expense related to borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $348,307 and $60,845, respectively. Debt issuance costs of $1,757,856 are being amortized to interest expense over the lives of the related debt arrangements.  As of March 31, 2021, the unamortized portion of the debt issuance costs was $1,581,811.  The amount of interest expense related to the amortization of debt issuance costs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $88,718 and $23,475, respectively.  Debt discount (“OID”) of $1,674,178 is being amortized to interest expense over the lives of the related debt and consideration arrangements.  As of March 31, 2021, the unamortized portion of OIDs was $1,473,239.  The amount of interest

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expense related to the amortization of OID costs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 is $122,905 and nil, respectively.

Other long-term liabilities, net

We recorded deferred consideration in connection with the Acquisition as further described in Note 3.  At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 the unamortized portion of OID on the deferred consideration was $306,816 and $356,097, respectively.  The non-current portion of deferred consideration payable to the seller is payable in either cash or shares of our common stock at our option.  The earn-out is not to exceed $2,250,000 over an earn-out period, as defined in the Asset Purchase Agreement.  We valued the earn-out liability at $440,000 using a Monte Carlo simulation.

8. Leases

We lease corporate office space in The Colony, Texas under an 84-month, non-cancelable operating lease.  Upon the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, we recorded approximately $2.0 million and $2.2 million to record the operating lease right-of-use asset and the related liabilities, respectively.  Our office lease had a remaining term of 1.5 years as of March 31, 2021, and we used an effective interest rate of 2.456%, which was our incremental borrowing rate in effect at the inception of the lease as our lease does not provide a readily determinable implicit rate.

In connection with our acquisition of the Green Remedies Assets, we entered into a lease for office space in Burlington, NC.  We recorded a right-of-use asset associated with this lease of approximately $80,000.  The lease expires in October 2023.  This office lease had a remaining term of 2.5 years as of March 31, 2021, and we used an effective interest rate of 9.50%, which was our incremental borrowing rate in effect at the inception of the lease as our lease does not provide a readily determinable implicit rate.  This lease may be terminated under certain conditions as defined in the lease agreement.  The lessor is a related party that is owned by the seller of Green Remedies and is employed by us.

The future minimum lease payments required under our office leases as of March 31, 2021 are as follows:    

Balance Sheet Classification

The table below presents the lease related assets and liabilities recorded on the balance sheet. Right-of-use assets and related liabilities related to finance leases at March 31, 2021 are de minimis.

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Lease Costs

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded approximately $158,000 and $150,000, respectively, of fixed cost operating lease expense.  Our operating lease expense is offset by a minimum annual incentive received from a local Economic Development Council, which is accrued monthly and will continue over the term of the corporate office lease through August 2022.  This minimum annual incentive is $93,600 effective September 2020 through the remainder of the lease term.

Effective December 1, 2019, we subleased a portion of our corporate office space to a single tenant.  The sublease agreement is accounted for as an operating lease and we recognize sublease income as an offset to operating lease expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease agreement through August 2022.  Sublease income, net of amortized leasing costs, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was approximately $13,000.    

Cash paid for operating leases approximated operating lease expense and non-cash right of use asset amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.  We did not obtain any new operating lease right-of-use assets in the three months ended March 31, 2021.

9. Revenue

Operating Revenues

We provide businesses with services to reuse, recycle, and dispose of a wide variety of waste streams and recyclables generated by their operations.  Service revenues are primarily generated from fees charged for our collection, transfer, disposal and recycling services and from sales of commodities by our recycling operations.  In addition, we have product sales and other revenue primarily from sales of products such as antifreeze and windshield washer fluid, as well as minor ancillary services.  

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue as services are performed or products are delivered.  For example, we recognize revenue as waste and recyclable material are collected or when products are delivered.  We recognize revenue net of any contracted pricing discounts or rebate arrangements.    

We generally recognize revenue for the gross amount of consideration received as we are generally the primary obligor (or principal) in our contracts with customers as we hold complete responsibility to the customer for contract fulfillment.  We record amounts collected from customers for sales tax on a net basis.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by source.  Two customers accounted for 46.9% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2021, and three customers accounted for 54.0% of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020.   We operate primarily in the United States, with minor services in Canada.

Contract Balances

Our incremental direct costs of obtaining a customer contract are generally deferred and amortized to selling, general, and administrative expense or as a reduction to revenue (depending on the nature of the cost) over the estimated life of the customer contract.  We classify our contract acquisition costs as current or noncurrent based on the timing of when we expect to recognize the amortization and are included in other assets.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $50,000 and $100,000, respectively, of deferred contract costs.  During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we amortized $50,000 and $56,250, respectively, of deferred contract costs to selling, general, and administrative expense.

We bill certain customers in advance, and, accordingly, we defer recognition of related revenues as a contract liability until the services are provided and control is transferred to the customer.  As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $241,495 and $50,454, respectively, of deferred revenue which was classified in “Other current liabilities.”

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10. Income Taxes

Our statutory income tax rate is anticipated to be 27%.  We had income tax expense of $61,833 and an income tax benefit of $52,732 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which was attributable to state tax obligations based on current estimated state tax apportionments for states with no net operating loss carryforwards, and the reserve against the benefit of the net operating losses at the federal level.

We compute income taxes using the asset and liability method in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. Under the asset and liability method, we determine deferred income tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and measure them using currently enacted tax rates and laws. We provide a valuation allowance to reduce the amount of deferred tax assets that, based on available evidence, is more likely than not to be realized. Realization of our net operating loss carryforward was not reasonably assured as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and we had recorded a valuation allowance of $12,251,000 and $12,533,000, respectively, against deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had federal income tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $12,700,000 and $14,500,000, respectively, which expire at various dates ranging from 2032-2037.

11. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, deferred revenue, and notes payable. We do not believe that we are exposed to significant interest, currency, or credit risks arising from these financial instruments.  The fair values of these financial instruments approximate their carrying values, based on their short maturities or, for notes payable, based on borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities.  Contingent liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.  The fair value measurements are generally determined using unobservable inputs and are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.  See discussion of the contingent earn-out liability in Note 3, Acquisition.

12. Stockholders’ Equity

Preferred Stock – Our authorized preferred stock consists of 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.001, of which no shares have been issued or are outstanding.

Common Stock – Our authorized common stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock with a par value of $0.001, of which 18,689,807 and 18,413,419 shares were issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan – On September 17, 2014, our stockholders approved our 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”).  We recorded expense of $4,224 and $6,667 related to the ESPP for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Warrants –

Warrant activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was as follows:

The following table summarizes the warrants issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2021:

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Stock Options – We recorded stock option expense of $216,958 and $294,661 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.  The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

Deferred Stock Units – Effective September 1, 2019, nonemployee directors can elect to receive all or a portion of their annual retainers in the form of deferred stock units (“DSUs”).   The DSUs are recognized at their fair value on the date of grant.  Each DSU represents the right to receive one share of our common stock following the completion of a director’s service.  During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we granted 2,845 DSUs and recorded director compensation expense of $8,661 related to the grants.  In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2021 we granted 13,333 DSUs to executive employees and recorded compensation expense of $79,768, which includes an accrual of anticipated bonus expense to be paid in DSUs for certain executive employees.  We had 89,409 and 73,231 DSUs outstanding at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

13. Net Income (Loss) per Share

We compute basic net income (loss) per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the number of common stock equivalents for DSUs during the period. We compute diluted net income (loss) per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents.  In periods where losses are reported, the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding excludes common stock equivalents because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.  Dilutive potential common shares consist of the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.  Dilutive potential securities are excluded from the computation of earnings per share if their effect is antidilutive.  The dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and warrants is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.  

The computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is as follows:

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in or incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q, including statements regarding our future operating results, future financial position, business strategy, objectives, goals, plans, prospects, and markets, and plans and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements.  In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “targets,” “contemplates,” “projects,” “predicts,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “can,” “potential,” “continue,” “objective,” or the negative of those terms, or similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements.  However, not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words.  Specific forward-looking statements in this Form 10-Q include statements regarding the impact, if any, of the adoption of the ASU on our consolidated financial statements; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations and any changes inflation rates; exposure to significant interest, currency, or credit risks arising from our financial instruments; and sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents, borrowing capacity, and cash generated from operations to fund our operations for the next 12 months.  All forward-looking statements included herein are based on information available to us as of the date hereof and speak only as of such date.  Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.  The forward-looking statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this Form 10-Q reflect our views as of the date of this Form 10-Q about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and changes in circumstances that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to differ significantly from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statement.  Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future events, results, performance, or achievements.  A number of factors, including the impact of our asset acquisition of Green Remedies Waste and Recycling, Inc. (“Green Remedies”) on future results, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements and other risks detailed from time to time in our reports to the SEC, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Annual Report”).  

Overview

We were incorporated in Nevada in July 2002 under the name BlueStar Financial Group, Inc. On July 16, 2013, we acquired all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Quest Resource Management Group, LLC, or Quest, held by Quest Resource Group LLC, or QRG, comprising 50% of the membership interests of Quest, or the Quest Interests. Our wholly owned subsidiary, Quest Sustainability Services, Inc., or QSS (formerly known as Earth911, Inc.), held the remaining 50% of the membership interests of Quest for several years.  Concurrently with our acquisition of the Quest Interests, we assigned the Quest Interests to QSS so that QSS now holds 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of Quest. On October 28, 2013, we changed our name to Quest Resource Holding Corporation, or QRHC.  On October 19, 2020, Quest acquired substantially all of the assets used in the business of Green Remedies, a leading provider of independent environmental services, particularly in multi-family housing, located in Burlington, NC. See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the Green Remedies acquisition.  The results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 reflect the impact of the Green Remedies acquisition, but the prior year period does not.

This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” is based on and relates primarily to the operations of QRHC and Quest (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” or “our company”).

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 Operating Results

The following table summarizes our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the global COVID-19 pandemic crisis, we have prioritized the health and safety of our employees, customers and subcontractors and continue to work to support their needs.  While we continue to implement actions to mitigate the effects of this crisis on our business and operations, the uncertainty around the duration and economic impact of this crisis makes it difficult for management to predict the future impact on our business operations and financial performance.

To date, we have experienced some limitations in employee resources resulting from travel restrictions and “stay at home” orders.  Despite these restrictions, we continue to efficiently manage supply chain requirements of our customers and subcontractors.  The waste management and recycling services we provide are currently designated an essential critical infrastructure business under the President’s COVID-19 guidance, the continued operation of which is vital for national public health, safety, and national economic security.  While some of our customers shut down or scaled back their businesses in the short term, other customers operating in the restaurant, grocery, automotive and certain specialty retail industries, which may be considered as essential businesses in different jurisdictions or who are more capable of working remotely than other industries, have continued to operate.

The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance will depend on future developments, including the severity and duration of the crisis and the impact of actions taken and that will be taken to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact.  These future impacts are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence.  The economic impact from COVID-19 may adversely impact our results of operations in the future and may affect the credit condition of some of our customers, which could increase delays in customer payments and credit losses.

Revenue

For the quarter ended March 31, 2021, revenue was $35.1 million, an increase of $9.8 million, or 38.6%, compared to $25.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.  The increase was primarily due to the impact of a production ramp up at one of our largest industrial customers, increased services from certain continuing and new customers and from the acquired customer base related to the Green Remedies asset acquisition in October 2020, partially offset by lower levels of services due to COVID-19 related shutdowns or reduced operations at certain other customers.  See Note 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the Green Remedies acquisition.

Cost of Revenue/Gross Profit

Cost of revenue increased $7.9 million to $28.7 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 from $20.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.  The increase was primarily due to the same reasons impacting the increase in revenue, partially offset by lower costs related to certain contracted services.

Gross profit for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 was $6.4 million, an increase of $1.9 million, compared to $4.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.  The gross profit margin was 18.3% for the first quarter of 2021 compared with 17.9% for the first quarter of 2020.  The change in gross profit and gross profit margin percentage for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were primarily due to the net effect of the impact of a production ramp up at one of our largest industrial customers, increased services from certain continuing and new customers, and from the acquired customer base related to the Green Remedies asset acquisition in

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October 2020, partially offset by lower levels of services due to COVID-19 related shutdowns or reduced operations at certain other customers and lower costs related to certain contracted services.

Revenue, gross profit, and gross profit margins are affected period to period by the volumes of waste and recycling materials generated by our customers, the frequency and type of services provided, the price and mix of the services provided, commodity index adjustments for recycled materials, and the cost and mix of subcontracted services provided in any one reporting period.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses were approximately $4.7 million for each of the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, with an overall decrease of $73,000.  

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $4.3 million and $4.4 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, a decrease of approximately $147,000. The decrease primarily relates to decreases in stock related compensation of $68,000, travel expenses of $108,000, tradeshow/advertising expenses of $68,000, and corporate development related expenses of $91,000, partially offset by increases in labor related expenses of $162,000 and professional fees of $10,000.

Operating expenses for the quarters ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 included depreciation and amortization of approximately $407,000 and $334,000, respectively, an increase of approximately $74,000.

Interest Expense

Interest expense was $561,000 and $84,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, an increase of approximately $477,000.  The increase is due to an increase in debt, primarily related to the Green Remedies asset acquisition.  We are amortizing debt issuance costs of $1.8 million to interest expense over the life of the related debt arrangements as discussed in Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes

We recorded a provision for income tax of $62,000 and an income tax benefit of $53,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, primarily attributable to state tax obligations based on current estimated state tax apportionments for states with no net operating loss carryforwards.

We recorded a full valuation allowance against all of our deferred tax assets (“DTAs”) as of both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.  We intend on maintaining a full valuation allowance on our DTAs until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of these allowances.  However, given our current earnings and anticipated future earnings, we believe that there is a reasonable possibility that within the next 12 months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow us to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the valuation allowance will no longer be needed.  Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain DTAs and a decrease to income tax expense for the period the release is recorded.  However, the exact timing and amount of the valuation allowance release are subject to change based on the level of profitability that we are able to actually achieve.

Net Income (Loss)

Net income for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 was $1.1 million compared to a net loss of $(232,000) for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.  The explanations above detail the majority of the changes related to the improvement in net results.

Our operating results, including revenue, operating expenses, and operating margins, will vary from period to period depending on commodity prices of recycled materials, the volume and mix of services provided, as well as customer mix during the reporting period and the level of corporate development activities.

Income (Loss) per Share

Net income per basic and diluted share attributable to common stockholders was $0.06 for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 compared with net loss per basic and diluted share of $(0.02) for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

The basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding were approximately 18.5 million and 19.4 million, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2021.  The basic and diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding were approximately 15.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.  The increase in the weighted average number of shares outstanding is primarily due to the registered direct offering of 2,950,000 shares of common stock that closed on August 7, 2020.  

Adjusted EBITDA

We use the non-GAAP measurement of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization, stock-related compensation charges, and other adjustments, or “Adjusted EBITDA,” to evaluate our performance.  Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that is also frequently used by analysts, investors and other interested parties to evaluate the market value of companies considered to be in similar businesses. We suggest that Adjusted EBITDA be viewed in conjunction with our reported financial results or other

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financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.  For the three months ended March 31, 2021, other adjustments of $53,342 included severance costs and certain administrative fees related to borrowings.  For the three months ended March 31, 2020, other adjustments included $9,390 of severance costs.   

The following table reflects Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME (LOSS) TO ADJUSTED EBITDA

(UNAUDITED)

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $10.8 million and $7.5 million in cash and cash equivalents, respectively. Working capital was $10.1 million and $8.7 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

We derive our primary sources of funds for conducting our business activities from operating revenues; borrowings under our credit facilities; and the placement of our equity securities to investors. We require working capital primarily to carry accounts receivable, service debt, purchase capital assets, fund operating expenses, address unanticipated competitive threats or technical problems, withstand adverse economic conditions, fund potential acquisition transactions, and pursue goals and strategies.

We believe our existing cash and cash equivalents of $10.8 million, our borrowing availability under our $15.0 million ABL Facility (as defined and discussed in Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which such capacity was $15.0 million as of March 31, 2021), and cash expected to be generated from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations for the next 12 months.  We have no agreements, commitments or understandings with respect to any such placements of our securities and any such placements could be dilutive to our stockholders.

Cash Flows

The following discussion relates to the major components of our cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with net cash used in operating activities of $17,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 related primarily to the net effect of the following:

Net cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 related primarily to the net effect of the following:

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Our business, including revenue, operating expenses, and operating margins, may vary depending on the blend of services we provide to our customers, the terms of customer contracts, commodity contracts, and our business volume levels. Our operating activities may require additional cash in the future from our debt facilities and/or equity financings depending on the level of our operations.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $159,000 and $39,000, respectively, primarily from purchases of property and equipment and intangible assets.  

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $558,000 and $5,000, respectively, primarily from net repayments on our ABL Facility and notes payable, partially offset by proceeds from stock option exercises in the 2021 period.  See Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the ABL Facility and other notes payable.

Inflation

We do not believe that inflation had a material impact on us during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.  Although we have not been materially affected by inflation in the past, we can provide no assurance that we will not be affected in the future by higher rates of inflation.

Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to areas that require a significant level of judgment or are otherwise subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. These areas include carrying amounts of accounts receivable, goodwill and other intangible assets, stock-based compensation expense, deferred taxes and the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired in asset acquisitions. We base our estimates on historical experience, our observance of trends in particular areas, and information or valuations and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances and which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that may not be readily apparent from other sources. Actual amounts could differ significantly from amounts previously estimated.  For a discussion of our critical accounting policies, refer to Part I, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our 2020 Annual Report.  There have been no changes in our critical accounting policies during the first three months of 2021.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet debt or similar obligations. We have no transactions or obligations with related parties that are not disclosed, consolidated into, or reflected in our reported results of operations or financial position. We do not guarantee any third-party debt.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at a reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2021.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in management’s evaluation pursuant to Rules 13a-15(d) or 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues, misstatements, errors, and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been or will be prevented or detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Controls also can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. We base the design of any system of controls in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of controls effectiveness to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, internal controls may become inadequate as a result of changes in conditions, or through the deterioration of the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We may be subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we are not aware of any legal proceedings to which we are a party that we believe could have a material adverse effect on us.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Not applicable.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

In March 2021, warrants to purchase 521,060 shares of common stock were exercised on a cashless basis, resulting in the issuance of 181,834 shares of common stock. Such shares were issued pursuant to the exemption contained in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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