UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-32136

Arbor Realty Trust, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland		20-0057959
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

333 Earle Ovington Boulevard, Suite 900 Uniondale, NY (Address of principal executive offices)		11553 (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code): (516) 506-4200

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	ABR	New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 8.25% Series A Cumulative Redeemable, par value $0.01 per share	ABR-PA	New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 7.75% Series B Cumulative Redeemable, par value $0.01 per share	ABR-PB	New York Stock Exchange
Preferred Stock, 8.50% Series C Cumulative Redeemable, par value $0.01 per share	ABR-PC	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☑	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

Issuer has 133,056,352 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding at April 30, 2021.

Table of Contents

INDEX

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)		2
Consolidated Balance Sheets		2
Consolidated Statements of Operations		3
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity		4
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		44
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		56
Item 4. Controls and Procedures		57
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings		57
Item 1A. Risk Factors		57
Item 6. Exhibits		58
Signatures		59

Table of Contents

Forward-Looking Statements

The information contained in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is not a complete description of our business or the risks associated with an investment in Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. We urge you to carefully review and consider the various disclosures in this report.

This report contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, the operating performance of our investments and financing needs. We use words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “should,” “could,” “will,” “may” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, describe future plans and strategies, contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition or state other forward-looking information. Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. These forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results in future periods to differ materially from forecasted results. Factors that could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to, changes in economic conditions generally, and the real estate market specifically, in particular, due to the uncertainties created by the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic; the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, results of operations and financial condition; adverse changes in our status with government-sponsored enterprises affecting our ability to originate loans through such programs; changes in interest rates; the quality and size of the investment pipeline and the rate at which we can invest our cash; impairments in the value of the collateral underlying our loans and investments; changes in federal and state laws and regulations, including changes in tax laws; the availability and cost of capital for future investments; and competition. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements, which reflect our views as of the date of this report. The factors noted above could cause our actual results to differ significantly from those contained in any forward-looking statement.

Additional information regarding these and other risks and uncertainties we face is contained in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Annual Report”) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 19, 2021 and in our other reports and filings with the SEC.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. We are under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report to conform these statements to actual results.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

($ in thousands, except share and per share data)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
	(Unaudited)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	260,228	$	339,528
Restricted cash		272,039		197,470
Loans and investments, net (allowance for credit losses: $147,300 and $148,329, respectively)		6,070,337		5,285,868
Loans held-for-sale, net		613,542		986,919
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net		406,980		379,974
Securities held-to-maturity, net (allowance for credit losses: $1,597 and $1,644, respectively)		92,860		95,524
Investments in equity affiliates		104,406		74,274
Real estate owned, net		1,447		1,485
Due from related party		19,705		12,449
Goodwill and other intangible assets		104,278		105,451
Other assets		185,037		182,044
Total assets	$	8,130,859	$	7,660,986

Liabilities and Equity:
Credit facilities and repurchase agreements	$	2,214,896	$	2,234,883
Collateralized loan obligations		2,813,660		2,517,309
Senior unsecured notes		663,395		662,843
Convertible senior unsecured notes, net		269,452		267,973
Junior subordinated notes to subsidiary trust issuing preferred securities		141,839		141,656
Due to related party		1,579		2,365
Due to borrowers		80,082		89,325
Allowance for loss-sharing obligations		65,893		64,303
Other liabilities		209,371		197,644
Total liabilities		6,460,167		6,178,301

Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)

Equity:
Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, cumulative, redeemable, $0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized; special voting preferred shares; 17,560,633 shares issued and outstanding; 8.25% Series A, $38,788 aggregate liquidation preference; 1,551,500 shares issued and outstanding; 7.75% Series B, $31,500 aggregate liquidation preference; 1,260,000 shares issued and outstanding; 8.50% Series C, $22,500 aggregate liquidation preference; 900,000 shares issued and outstanding		89,472		89,472
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 500,000,000 shares authorized; 133,690,060 and 123,181,173 shares issued and outstanding, respectively		1,337		1,232
Additional paid-in capital		1,473,120		1,317,109
Accumulated deficit		(35,498)		(63,442)
Total Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders' equity		1,528,431		1,344,371
Noncontrolling interest		142,261		138,314
Total equity		1,670,692		1,482,685
Total liabilities and equity	$	8,130,859	$	7,660,986

Note: Our consolidated balance sheets include assets and liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities, or VIEs, as we are the primary beneficiary of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, assets of our consolidated VIEs totaled $3,438,029 and $3,134,447, respectively, and the liabilities of our consolidated VIEs totaled $2,816,725 and $2,520,064, respectively. See Note 15 for discussion of our VIEs.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Interest income	$	91,144	$	88,526
Interest expense		42,184		49,982
Net interest income		48,960		38,544
Other revenue:
Gain on sales, including fee-based services, net		28,867		14,305
Mortgage servicing rights		36,936		21,934
Servicing revenue, net		15,536		13,302
Property operating income		—		2,192
Loss on derivative instruments, net		(3,220)		(50,731)
Other income, net		681		1,303
Total other revenue		78,800		2,305
Other expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits		42,974		34,252
Selling and administrative		10,818		11,052
Property operating expenses		143		2,443
Depreciation and amortization		1,755		1,947
Provision for loss sharing (net of recoveries)		1,652		21,537
Provision for credit losses (net of recoveries)		(1,075)		54,382
Total other expenses		56,267		125,613
Income (loss) before extinguishment of debt, sale of real estate, income from equity affiliates and income taxes		71,493		(84,764)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,370)		(1,954)
Gain on sale of real estate		1,228		—
Income from equity affiliates		22,251		3,992
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(12,492)		14,370
Net income (loss)		81,110		(68,356)
Preferred stock dividends		1,888		1,888
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest		9,743		(10,934)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	69,479	$	(59,310)

Basic earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.55	$	(0.54)
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share	$	0.55	$	(0.54)

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		125,235,405		110,792,412
Diluted		143,958,433		131,217,199

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.33	$	0.30

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (Unaudited)

($ in thousands, except shares)


Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
											Total Arbor
	Preferred	Preferred		Common	Common						Realty Trust, Inc.
	Stock	Stock		Stock	Stock		Additional Paid-		Accumulated		Stockholders'		Noncontrolling
	Shares	Value		Shares	Par Value		in Capital		Deficit		Equity		Interest		Total Equity
Balance - January 1, 2021	21,272,133	$	89,472	123,181,173	$	1,232	$	1,317,109	$	(63,442)	$	1,344,371	$	138,314	$	1,482,685
Issuance of common stock	—		—	10,140,400		101		158,332		—		158,433		—		158,433
Stock-based compensation, net	—		—	368,487		4		(2,321)		—		(2,317)		—		(2,317)
Distributions - common stock	—		—	—		—		—		(41,530)		(41,530)		—		(41,530)
Distributions - preferred stock	—		—	—		—		—		(1,893)		(1,893)		—		(1,893)
Distributions - noncontrolling interest	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(5,796)		(5,796)
Net income	—		—	—		—		—		71,367		71,367		9,743		81,110
Balance – March 31, 2021	21,272,133	$	89,472	133,690,060	$	1,337	$	1,473,120	$	(35,498)	$	1,528,431	$	142,261	$	1,670,692


Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Balance - January 1, 2020	24,195,594	$	89,501	109,706,214	$	1,097	$	1,154,932	$	(60,920)	$	1,184,610	$	171,417	$	1,356,027
Cummulative-effect adjustment (for adoption of credit loss standard)	—		—	—		—		—		(24,106)		(24,106)		(4,501)		(28,607)
Balance - January 1, 2020 (as adjusted for the adoption of ASU 2016-13)	24,195,594	$	89,501	109,706,214	$	1,097	$	1,154,932	$	(85,026)	$	1,160,504	$	166,916	$	1,327,420
Issuance of common stock	—		—	1,350,000		14		19,410		—		19,424		—		19,424
Repurchase of common stock	—		—	(1,249,777)		(13)		(11,278)		—		(11,291)		—		(11,291)
Issuance of common stock from convertible debt	—		—	360,860		3		(186)		—		(183)		—		(183)
Stock-based compensation, net	—		—	441,606		5		1,882		—		1,887		—		1,887
Distributions - common stock	—		—	—		—		—		(33,249)		(33,249)		—		(33,249)
Distributions - preferred stock	—		—	—		—		—		(1,892)		(1,892)		—		(1,892)
Distributions - noncontrolling interest	—		—	—		—		—		—		—		(6,110)		(6,110)
Redemption of operating partnership units	(114,829)		(1)	—		—		(1,599)		—		(1,600)		—		(1,600)
Net loss	—		—	—		—		—		(57,422)		(57,422)		(10,934)		(68,356)
Balance – March 31, 2020	24,080,765	$	89,500	110,608,903	$	1,106	$	1,163,161	$	(177,589)	$	1,076,178	$	149,872	$	1,226,050

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	81,110	$	(68,356)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,755		1,947
Stock-based compensation		3,330		3,517
Amortization and accretion of interest and fees, net		(72)		1,633
Amortization of capitalized mortgage servicing rights		14,204		11,822
Originations of loans held-for-sale		(1,412,722)		(1,088,699)
Proceeds from sales of loans held-for-sale, net of gain on sale		1,841,891		957,060
Mortgage servicing rights		(36,936)		(21,934)
Write-off of capitalized mortgage servicing rights from payoffs		3,828		5,920
Provision for credit losses (net of recoveries)		(1,075)		54,382
Provision for loss sharing (net of recoveries)		1,652		21,537
Net recoveries (charge-offs) for loss sharing obligations		(62)		160
Deferred tax provision (benefit)		4,486		(19,904)
Income from equity affiliates		(22,251)		(3,992)
Distributions from equity affiliates		13,164		1,151
Loss on extinguishment of debt		1,370		1,954
Payoffs and paydowns of loans held-for-sale		2,316		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		(4,898)		(91,433)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		491,090		(233,235)


Investing Activities:
Loans and investments funded, originated and purchased, net		(1,055,354)		(815,501)
Payoffs and paydowns of loans and investments		234,711		298,701
Deferred fees		9,190		4,857
Investments in real estate, net		—		(230)
Contributions to equity affiliates		(21,045)		(60)
Payoffs and paydowns of securities held-to-maturity		3,380		3,313
Due to borrowers and reserves		(42,154)		(1,834)
Net cash used in investing activities		(871,272)		(510,754)

Financing activities:
Proceeds from credit facilities and repurchase agreements		3,685,968		2,229,200
Paydowns and payoffs of credit facilities and repurchase agreements		(3,704,382)		(2,058,588)
Proceeds from issuance of collateralized loan obligations		655,475		668,000
Payoffs and paydowns of collateralized loan obligations		(356,149)		(282,874)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		158,433		19,424
Settlements of convertible senior unsecured notes		—		(21,516)
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes		—		275,000
Redemption of operating partnership units		—		(1,600)
Payments of withholding taxes on net settlement of vested stock		(5,647)		(1,630)
Repurchase of common stock		—		(11,291)
Distributions to stockholders		(49,219)		(41,251)
Payment of deferred financing costs		(9,028)		(13,050)
Net cash provided by financing activities		375,451		759,824
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(4,731)		15,835
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		536,998		510,562
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	532,267	$	526,397

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited) (Continued)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash:
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	339,528	$	299,687
Restricted cash at beginning of period		197,470		210,875
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	536,998	$	510,562

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	260,228	$	222,330
Restricted cash at end of period		272,039		304,067
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	532,267	$	526,397

Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash used to pay interest	$	36,311	$	42,666
Cash used to pay taxes		548		1,681

Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Loans transferred from loans and investment, net to loans held-for-sale	$	65,204	$	—
Cummulative-effect adjustment (for adoption of credit loss standard)		—		28,607
Issuance of common stock from convertible debt		—		4,595
Distributions accrued on 8.25% Series A preferred stock		267		267
Distributions accrued on 7.75% Series B preferred stock		203		203
Distributions accrued on 8.50% Series C preferred stock		159		159
Settlements of convertible senior unsecured notes		—		(4,778)
Fair value of conversion feature of convertible senior unsecured notes		185		(183)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

Note 1 — Description of Business

Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. (“we,” “us,” or “our”) is a Maryland corporation formed in 2003. We operate through two business segments: our Structured Loan Origination and Investment Business, or “Structured Business,” and our Agency Loan Origination and Servicing Business, or “Agency Business.”

Through our Structured Business, we invest in a diversified portfolio of structured finance assets in the multifamily, single-family rental (“SFR”) and commercial real estate markets, primarily consisting of bridge and mezzanine loans, including junior participating interests in first mortgages and preferred and direct equity. We also invest in real estate-related joint ventures and may directly acquire real property and invest in real estate-related notes and certain mortgage-related securities.

Through our Agency Business, we originate, sell and service a range of multifamily finance products through the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac,” and together with Fannie Mae, the government-sponsored enterprises, or “GSEs”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), Federal Housing Authority (“FHA”) and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (together with Ginnie Mae and FHA, “HUD”). We retain the servicing rights and asset management responsibilities on substantially all loans we originate and sell under the GSE and HUD programs. We are an approved Fannie Mae Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS”) lender nationally, a Freddie Mac Multifamily Conventional Loan lender, seller/servicer, in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, a Freddie Mac affordable, manufactured housing, senior housing and small balance loan (“SBL”) lender, seller/servicer, nationally and a HUD MAP and LEAN senior housing/healthcare lender nationally. We also originate and service permanent financing loans underwritten using the guidelines of our existing agency loans sold to the GSEs, which we refer to as “Private Label” loans, and originate and sell finance products through conduit/commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) programs. We pool and securitize the Private Label loans and sell certificates in the securitizations to third-party investors, while retaining the servicing rights and the highest risk bottom tranche certificate of the securitization (“APL certificates”).

Substantially all of our operations are conducted through our operating partnership, Arbor Realty Limited Partnership (“ARLP”), for which we serve as the general partner, and ARLP's subsidiaries. We are organized to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A REIT is generally not subject to federal income tax on that portion of its REIT-taxable income that is distributed to its stockholders, provided that at least 90% of taxable income is distributed and provided that certain other requirements are met. Certain of our assets that produce non-qualifying REIT income, primarily within the Agency Business, are operated through taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”), which is part of our TRS consolidated group (the “TRS Consolidated Group”) and is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. In general, our TRS entities may hold assets that the REIT cannot hold directly and may engage in real estate or non-real estate-related business.

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), for interim financial statements and the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the consolidated financial statements prepared under GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been included and are of a normal and recurring nature. The operating results presented for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the entire year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2020 Annual Report.

Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements include our financial statements and the financial statements of our wholly owned subsidiaries, partnerships and other joint ventures in which we own a controlling interest, including variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of which we are the primary beneficiary. Entities in which we have a significant influence are accounted for under the equity method. Our VIEs are described in Note 15. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that could materially affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Beginning early 2020, there has been a global outbreak of COVID-19, which has forced many countries, including the United States, to declare national emergencies, to institute “stay-at-home” orders, to close financial markets and to restrict operations of non-essential businesses. Such actions have created significant disruptions in global supply chains, and adversely impacted many industries. COVID-19 could have a continued and prolonged adverse impact on economic and market conditions, which could continue a period of global economic slowdown. The impact of COVID-19 on companies continues to evolve, and the extent and duration of the economic fallout from this pandemic, both globally and to our business, remain unclear, making any estimate or assumption as of March 31, 2021 inherently less certain than they would be absent the current and potential impacts of COVID-19.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Description		Adoption Date		Effect on Financial Statements
In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standard Update 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application.		First quarter of 2021		The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Significant Accounting Policies

See Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in our 2020 Annual Report for a description of our significant accounting policies. There have been no significant changes to our significant accounting policies since December 31, 2020.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

Note 3 — Loans and Investments

Our Structured Business loan and investment portfolio consists of ($ in thousands):


								Wtd. Avg.
								Remaining	Wtd. Avg.		Wtd. Avg.
			Percent of		Loan	Wtd. Avg.		Months to	First Dollar		Last Dollar
	March 31, 2021		Total		Count	Pay Rate (1)		Maturity	LTV Ratio (2)		LTV Ratio (3)

Bridge loans (4)	$	5,804,705	93	%	302	4.93	%	15.8	0	%	75	%
Preferred equity investments		224,872	4	%	14	7.00	%	47.2	64	%	89	%
Mezzanine loans		204,471	3	%	29	6.63	%	38.2	25	%	80	%
Other loans (5)		29,383	<1	%	2	4.57	%	56.8	0	%	69	%
		6,263,431	100	%	347	5.06	%	17.8	3	%	76	%
Allowance for credit losses		(147,300)
Unearned revenue		(45,794)
Loans and investments, net	$	6,070,337


	December 31, 2020
Bridge loans (4)	$	5,022,509	92	%	263	5.09	%	16.2	0	%	76	%
Preferred equity investments		224,928	4	%	14	7.07	%	49.8	64	%	89	%
Mezzanine loans		159,242	3	%	29	7.40	%	45.0	32	%	82	%
Other loans (5)		68,403	1	%	22	4.95	%	74.8	0	%	69	%
		5,475,082	100	%	328	5.23	%	19.2	4	%	77	%
Allowance for credit losses		(148,329)
Unearned revenue		(40,885)
Loans and investments, net	$	5,285,868

(1)

“Weighted Average Pay Rate” is a weighted average, based on the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of each loan in our portfolio, of the interest rate required to be paid monthly as stated in the individual loan agreements. Certain loans and investments that require an additional rate of interest “accrual rate” to be paid at maturity are not included in the weighted average pay rate as shown in the table.

(2)	The “First Dollar Loan-to-Value (“LTV”) Ratio” is calculated by comparing the total of our senior most dollar and all senior lien positions within the capital stack to the fair value of the underlying collateral to determine the point at which we will absorb a total loss of our position.

(3)	The “Last Dollar LTV Ratio” is calculated by comparing the total of the carrying value of our loan and all senior lien positions within the capital stack to the fair value of the underlying collateral to determine the point at which we will initially absorb a loss.

(4)	As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, bridge loans included 59 and 38, respectively, of SFR loans with an aggregate UPB of $445.0 million and $309.2 million, respectively, of which $131.2 million and $88.1 million, respectively, was funded.

(5)	As of March 31, 2021, other loans included 2 variable rate SFR permanent loans with an aggregate UPB of $29.4 million. As of December 31, 2020, other included 22 SFR permanent loans with an aggregate UPB of $68.4 million.

During the first quarter of 2021, the Structured Business transferred 21 fixed rate SFR permanent loans with a UPB of $65.2 million to the Agency Business, which represents all fixed rate SFR permanent loans originated. Fixed rate SFR permanent loans are reported through the Agency Business beginning in 2021 and classified as held-for-sale. See Note 4 for further details.

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March 31, 2021

Concentration of Credit Risk

We are subject to concentration risk in that, at March 31, 2021, the UPB related to 18 loans with five different borrowers represented 12% of total assets. At December 31, 2020, the UPB related to 22 loans with five different borrowers represented 12% of total assets. During both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020, no single loan or investment represented more than 10% of our total assets and no single investor group generated over 10% of our revenue. See Note 18 for details on our concentration of related party loans and investments.

We assign a credit risk rating of pass, pass/watch, special mention, substandard or doubtful to each loan and investment, with a pass rating being the lowest risk and a doubtful rating being the highest risk. Each credit risk rating has benchmark guidelines that pertain to debt-service coverage ratios, LTV ratios, borrower strength, asset quality, and funded cash reserves. Other factors such as guarantees, market strength, and remaining loan term and borrower equity are also reviewed and factored into determining the credit risk rating assigned to each loan. This metric provides a helpful snapshot of portfolio quality and credit risk. All portfolio assets are subject to, at a minimum, a thorough quarterly financial evaluation in which historical operating performance and forward-looking projections are reviewed, however, we maintain a higher level of scrutiny and focus on loans that we consider “high risk” and that possess deteriorating credit quality.

Generally speaking, given our typical loan profile, risk ratings of pass, pass/watch and special mention suggest that we expect the loan to make both principal and interest payments according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. A risk rating of substandard indicates we anticipate the loan may require a modification of some kind. A risk rating of doubtful indicates we expect the loan to underperform over its term, and there could be loss of interest and/or principal. Further, while the above are the primary guidelines used in determining a certain risk rating, subjective items such as borrower strength, market strength or asset quality may result in a rating that is higher or lower than might be indicated by any risk rating matrix.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

A summary of the loan portfolio’s internal risk ratings and LTV ratios by asset class as of March 31, 2021 is as follows ($ in thousands):


																Wtd. Avg.		Wtd. Avg.
	UPB by Origination Year															First Dollar		Last Dollar
Asset Class / Risk Rating	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Total			LTV Ratio		LTV Ration
Multifamily:
Pass	$	575,864	$	874,039	$	85,964	$	—	$	32,500	$	744	$	1,569,111
Pass/Watch		403,657		773,882		784,425		138,705		3,500		28,800		2,132,969
Special Mention		—		369,329		745,731		94,333		117,758		—		1,327,151
Substandard		—		14,340		96,300		23,405		16,500		8,250		158,795
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		17,700		—		17,700
Total Multifamily	$	979,521	$	2,031,590	$	1,712,420	$	256,443	$	187,958	$	37,794	$	5,205,726		3	%	75	%
Land:												Percentage of portfolio		83	%
Special Mention	$	—	$	8,100	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	8,100
Substandard		—		71,018		19,523		—		19,975		127,928		238,444
Total Land	$	—	$	79,118	$	19,523	$	—	$	19,975	$	127,928	$	246,544		0	%	94	%
Healthcare:												Percentage of portfolio		4	%
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	6,600	$	10,000	$	—	$	—	$	16,600
Pass/Watch		—		—		—		—		39,650		—		39,650
Special Mention		—		—		74,319		51,500		—		—		125,819
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		4,625		—		4,625
Total Healthcare	$	—	$	—	$	80,919	$	61,500	$	44,275	$	—	$	186,694		0	%	78	%
Hotel:												Percentage of portfolio		3	%
Pass	$	—	$	26,000	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	26,000
Substandard		—		60,000		91,000		—		—		—		151,000
Total Hotel	$	—	$	86,000	$	91,000	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	177,000		0	%	90	%
Single-Family Rental:												Percentage of portfolio		3	%
Pass	$	60,199	$	18,326	$	31,812	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	110,337
Pass/Watch		3,606		31,410		4,623		—		—		—		39,639
Special Mention		—		10,600		—		—		—		—		10,600
Total Single-Family Rental	$	63,805	$	60,336	$	36,435	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	160,576		0	%	61	%
Office:												Percentage of portfolio		3	%
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	5,000	$	—	$	—	$	5,000
Special Mention		—		35,410		—		42,799		43,151		9,651		131,011
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		880		880
Total Office	$	—	$	35,410	$	—	$	47,799	$	43,151	$	10,531	$	136,891		3	%	81	%
Student Housing:												Percentage of portfolio		2	%
Special Mention	$	—	$	—	$	31,100	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	31,100
Substandard		—		23,500		—		13,000		24,050		—		60,550
Total Student Housing	$	—	$	23,500	$	31,100	$	13,000	$	24,050	$	—	$	91,650		19	%	75	%
Retail:												Percentage of portfolio		1	%
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	4,000	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	4,000
Pass/Watch		—		—		—		35,600		—		—		35,600
Substandard		—		—		—		—		—		3,470		3,470
Total Retail	$	—	$	—	$	4,000	$	35,600	$	—	$	3,470	$	43,070		7	%	69	%
Other:												Percentage of portfolio		1	%
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	13,580	$	—	$	13,580
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		1,700		1,700
Total Other	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	13,580	$	1,700	$	15,280		7	%	54	%
												Percentage of portfolio		< 1	%

Grand Total	$	1,043,326	$	2,315,954	$	1,975,397	$	414,342	$	332,989	$	181,423	$	6,263,431		3	%	76	%

Geographic Concentration Risk

As of March 31, 2021, 22% and 14% of the outstanding balance of our loan and investment portfolio had underlying properties in New York and Texas, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, 19% and 11% of the outstanding balance of our loan and investment portfolio had underlying properties in New York and Texas, respectively. No other states represented 10% or more of the total loan and investment portfolio.

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March 31, 2021

Allowance for Credit Losses

A summary of the changes in the allowance for credit losses is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Land		Multifamily		Retail		Office		Hotel		Healthcare		Student Housing		Other		Total
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance	$	78,150	$	36,468	$	13,861	$	1,846	$	7,759	$	3,880	$	4,078	$	2,287	$	148,329
Provision for credit losses (net of recoveries)		(54)		(6,439)		(13)		6,205		(5)		(8)		(580)		(135)		(1,029)
Ending balance	$	78,096	$	30,029	$	13,848	$	8,051	$	7,754	$	3,872	$	3,498	$	2,152	$	147,300


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of CECL	$	67,869	$	—	$	—	$	1,500	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	1,700	$	71,069
Impact of adopting CECL - January 1, 2020		77		16,322		335		287		29		64		68		112		17,294
Provision for credit losses (net of recoveries)		10,473		15,569		10,983		4,310		7,500		3,870		1,074		110		53,889
Ending balance	$	78,419	$	31,891	$	11,318	$	6,097	$	7,529	$	3,934	$	1,142	$	1,922	$	142,252

Our estimate of allowance for credit losses on our structured loans and investments, including related unfunded loan commitments, was based on a reasonable and supportable forecast period that was adjusted for the expectations that the markets we operate in will experience declines in economic conditions, increases in unemployment rates and other market driven factors largely the result of the COVID-19 pandemic that will likely impact loan delinquencies, modifications and potential risk of loss. For the periods beyond the reasonable and supportable forecast, we reverted to our historical loss rate, which was adjusted to address for factors that are not present in our existing portfolio. We also made adjustments for loans that are expected to extend based on available extension options and the timing of their maturities in relation to current economic conditions.

The expected credit losses over the contractual period of our loans also include the obligation to extend credit through our unfunded loan commitments. Our current expected credit loss (“CECL”) allowance for unfunded loan commitments are adjusted quarterly and correspond with the associated outstanding loans. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had outstanding unfunded commitments of $443.1 million and $353.8 million, respectively, that we are obligated to fund as borrowers meet certain requirements.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, accrued interest receivable related to our loans totaling $49.5 million and $41.6 million, respectively, was excluded from the estimate of credit losses and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

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March 31, 2021

All of our structured loans and investments are secured by real estate assets or by interests in real estate assets, and, as such, the measurement of credit losses may be based on the difference between the fair value of the underlying collateral and the carrying value of the assets as of the period end. A summary of our specific loans considered impaired by asset class is as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021
							Wtd. Avg. First		Wtd. Avg. Last
			Carrying		Allowance for		Dollar LTV		Dollar LTV
Asset Class	UPB (1)		Value		Credit Losses		Ratio		Ratio
Land	$	134,215	$	127,829	$	77,868	0	%	99	%
Hotel		110,000		89,279		7,500	0	%	94	%
Retail		30,070		29,176		13,843	10	%	76	%
Healthcare		4,625		4,673		3,845	0	%	83	%
Office		2,151		2,151		1,500	0	%	70	%
Commercial		1,700		1,700		1,700	63	%	63	%
Total	$	282,761	$	254,808	$	106,256	1	%	94	%


	December 31, 2020
Land	$	134,215	$	127,829	$	77,869	0	%	99	%
Hotel		110,000		89,613		7,500	0	%	94	%
Retail		30,079		28,957		13,851	10	%	75	%
Healthcare		4,625		4,673		3,845	0	%	83	%
Office		2,166		2,166		1,500	0	%	71	%
Commercial		1,700		1,700		1,700	63	%	63	%
Total	$	282,785	$	254,938	$	106,265	1	%	94	%

(1)	Represents the UPB of ten impaired loans (less unearned revenue and other holdbacks and adjustments) by asset class at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

There were no loans for which the fair value of the collateral securing the loan was less than the carrying value of the loan for which we had not recorded a provision for credit loss as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

At both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, seven loans with an aggregate net carrying value of $53.8 million, net of related loan loss reserves of $6.5 million, were classified as non-performing. Income from non-performing loans is generally recognized on a cash basis when it is received. Full income recognition will resume when the loan becomes contractually current and performance has recommenced.

A summary of our non-performing loans by asset class is as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
			Less Than		Greater Than				Less Than		Greater Than
			90 Days		90 Days				90 Days		90 Days
	UPB		Past Due		Past Due		UPB		Past Due		Past Due
Student Housing	$	36,500	$	—	$	36,500	$	36,500	$	—	$	36,500
Multifamily		17,700		—		17,700		17,700		—		17,700
Healthcare		4,625		—		4,625		4,625		—		4,625
Commercial		1,700		—		1,700		1,700		—		1,700
Retail		920		—		920		920		—		920
Office		880		—		880		880		—		880
Total	$	62,325	$	—	$	62,325	$	62,325	$	—	$	62,325

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March 31, 2021

In addition, we have six loans with a carrying value totaling $121.3 million at March 31, 2021, that are collateralized by a land development project. The loans do not carry a current pay rate of interest, however, five of the loans with a carrying value totaling $112.0 million entitle us to a weighted average accrual rate of interest of 7.96%. In 2008, we suspended the recording of the accrual rate of interest on these loans, as they were impaired and we deemed the collection of this interest to be doubtful. At both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had a cumulative allowance for credit losses of $71.4 million related to these loans. The loans are subject to certain risks associated with a development project including, but not limited to, availability of construction financing, increases in projected construction costs, demand for the development's outputs upon completion of the project, and litigation risk. Additionally, these loans were not classified as non-performing as the borrower is in compliance with all of the terms and conditions of the loans.

At both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no loans contractually past due 90 days or more that are still accruing interest. During both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, interest income recognized on nonaccrual loans was de minimis.

In 2019, we purchased $50.0 million of a $110.0 million bridge loan, which is collateralized by a hotel property and scheduled to mature in December 2022. In the first quarter of 2020, we recorded a $7.5 million allowance for credit losses due to a reduction in the appraised value of the property. In August 2020, we purchased the remaining $60.0 million bridge loan at a discount for $39.9 million, which we determined had experienced a more than insignificant deterioration in credit quality since origination and, therefore, deemed to be a purchased loan with credit deterioration. The total discount received of $20.1 million was classified as a noncredit discount and no portion of the discount was allocated to allowance for credit losses at the date of purchase since the appraised value of the property was greater than the purchase price. Shortly after the purchase, we entered into a forbearance agreement with the borrower to temporarily reduce the interest rate from LIBOR plus 3.00% with a 1.50% LIBOR floor to a pay rate of 1.00% and to include a $10.0 million principal reduction if the loan is paid-off by March 2, 2021. In January 2021, we entered into a second forbearance agreement which temporarily eliminated the pay rate, extended the principal reduction payoff deadline to June 30, 2021 and increased the interest rate to 9.50%, which is the default rate. The payment of the interest is deferred to payoff.

In August 2020, we entered into a loan modification agreement on a $26.5 million bridge loan with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 6.00% with a 2.375% LIBOR floor and a $6.1 million mezzanine loan with a fixed rate of 12% collateralized by a retail property to: (1) reduce the interest rate on both loans to the greater of: (i) LIBOR plus 5.50% and (ii) 6.50%, and (2) to extend the maturity three years to December 2024. A portion of the foregoing interest equal to 2.00% will be deferred to payoff and will be waived if the loan is paid-off by December 31, 2022. The loan modification agreement also includes a $6.0 million required principal paydown, which occurred at the closing of the modification transaction, and an $8.0 million principal reduction once the borrower deposits an additional reserve deposit of approximately $4.6 million by December 31, 2021. We have the ability to potentially recapture up to $8.0 million of the principal reduction to the extent that the property is sold or refinanced in excess of the debt.

These two loan modifications were deemed troubled debt restructurings. There were no loan modifications, refinancing's and/or extensions during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that were considered troubled debt restructurings.

Given the transitional nature of some of our real estate loans, we may require funds to be placed into an interest reserve, based on contractual requirements, to cover debt service costs. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had total interest reserves of $82.9 million and $78.3 million, respectively, on 218 loans and 186 loans, respectively, with an aggregate UPB of $4.14 billion and $3.60 billion, respectively.

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March 31, 2021

Note 4 — Loans Held-for-Sale, Net

Our GSE loans held-for-sale are typically sold within 60 days of loan origination, while our Private Label loans are generally expected to be sold and securitized within 180 days of loan origination. Loans held-for-sale, net consists of the following (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Fannie Mae	$	305,949	$	679,342
Private Label		208,640		56,186
FHA		68,229		53,063
Freddie Mac		18,014		180,004
SFR - Fixed Rate		1,493		—
		602,325		968,595
Fair value of future MSR		14,026		21,600
Unearned discount		(2,809)		(3,276)
Loans held-for-sale, net	$	613,542	$	986,919

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we sold $1.84 billion and $957.1 million, respectively, of loans held-for-sale and recorded gain on sales of $27.0 million and $13.2 million, respectively. Included in the total loans sold in the first quarter of 2021 were 20 fixed rate SFR permanent loans totaling $63.3 million which resulted in a gain on sale of $2.7 million, see Note 3 for further details. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no loans held-for-sale that were 90 days or more past due, and there were no loans held-for-sale that were placed on a non-accrual status.

Note 5 — Capitalized Mortgage Servicing Rights

Our capitalized mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) reflect commercial real estate MSRs derived from loans sold in our Agency Business or acquired MSRs. The discount rates used to determine the present value of our MSRs throughout the periods presented for all MSRs were between 8% - 13% (representing a weighted average discount rate of 12%) based on our best estimate of market discount rates. The weighted average estimated life remaining of our MSRs was 8.7 years and 8.6 years at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

A summary of our capitalized MSR activity is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021						Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Originated		Acquired		Total		Originated		Acquired		Total
Beginning balance	$	336,466	$	43,508	$	379,974	$	221,901	$	64,519	$	286,420
Additions		45,038		—		45,038		20,275		—		20,275
Amortization		(11,079)		(3,125)		(14,204)		(7,615)		(4,206)		(11,821)
Write-downs and payoffs		(2,997)		(831)		(3,828)		(4,184)		(1,736)		(5,920)
Ending balance	$	367,428	$	39,552	$	406,980	$	230,377	$	58,577	$	288,954

We collected prepayment fees totaling $2.7 million and $5.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which are included as a component of servicing revenue, net on the consolidated statements of operations. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no valuation allowance recorded on any of our MSRs.

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March 31, 2021

The expected amortization of capitalized MSRs recorded as of March 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):


Year	Amortization
2021 (nine months ending 12/31/2021)	$	43,308
2022		54,541
2023		50,757
2024		46,877
2025		43,723
2026		39,966
Thereafter		127,808
Total	$	406,980

Actual amortization may vary from these estimates.

Note 6 — Mortgage Servicing

Product and geographic concentrations that impact our servicing revenue are as follows ($ in thousands):


March 31, 2021
Product Concentrations					Geographic Concentrations
						UPB
			Percent of			Percentage
Product	UPB (1)		Total		State	of Total
Fannie Mae	$	19,073,504	75	%	Texas	15	%
Freddie Mac		4,795,228	19	%	New York	10	%
FHA		796,133	3	%	North Carolina	9	%
Private Label		726,918	3	%	California	9	%
SFR - Fixed Rate		63,299	<1	%	Florida	7	%
Total	$	25,455,082	100	%	Georgia	6	%
					New Jersey	5	%
					Other (2)	39	%
					Total	100	%


December 31, 2020
Fannie Mae	$	18,268,268	74	%	Texas	16	%
Freddie Mac		4,881,080	20	%	New York	9	%
FHA		752,116	3	%	North Carolina	9	%
Private Label		726,992	3	%	California	9	%
Total	$	24,628,456	100	%	Florida	7	%
					Georgia	6	%
					New Jersey	4	%
					Other (2)	40	%
					Total	100	%

(1)	Excludes loans which we are not collecting a servicing fee.

(2)	No other individual state represented 4% or more of the total.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our weighted average servicing fee was 46.0 basis points and 45.4 basis points, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we held total escrow balances of $1.38 billion and $1.29 billion, respectively, which is not reflected in our consolidated balance sheets. Of the total escrow balances, we held $885.4 million and $867.6 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, related to loans we are servicing within our Agency Business. These escrows are maintained in separate accounts at several federally insured depository institutions, which may exceed FDIC insured limits. We earn interest income on the total escrow deposits, generally based on a market rate of interest negotiated with the

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March 31, 2021

financial institutions that hold the escrow deposits. Interest earned on total escrows, net of interest paid to the borrower, was $1.2 million and $3.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and is a component of servicing revenue, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

Note 7 — Securities Held-to-Maturity

Agency B Piece Bonds. Freddie Mac may choose to hold, sell or securitize loans we sell to them under the Freddie Mac SBL program. As part of the securitizations under the SBL program, we have the ability to purchase the B Piece bond through a bidding process, which represents the bottom 10%, or highest risk, of the securitization. As of March 31, 2021, we retained 49%, or $106.2 million initial face value, of seven B Piece bonds, which were purchased at a discount for $74.7 million, and sold the remaining 51% to a third-party at par. These securities are collateralized by a pool of multifamily mortgage loans, bear interest at an initial weighted average variable rate of 3.74% and have an estimated weighted average remaining maturity of 5.7 years. The weighted average effective interest rate was 10.91% and 10.85% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, including the accretion of a portion of the discount deemed collectible. Approximately $11.9 million is estimated to mature within one year, $34.0 million is estimated to mature after one year through five years, $10.7 million is estimated to mature after five years through ten years and $15.7 million is estimated to mature after ten years.

Agency Private Label Certificates (“APL certificates”). In connection with our $727.2 million Private Label securitization in May 2020, we retained the most subordinate class of APL certificates with an initial face value of $63.6 million. We purchased the APL certificates at a discount for $37.9 million, which are collateralized by a pool of 40 fixed rate 10-year mortgage loans secured by first mortgage loans on 49 multifamily properties, bear interest at an initial weighted average variable rate of 4.95% and have an estimated weighted average remaining maturity of 8.8 years. The weighted average effective interest rate was 10.15% at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and the full $63.6 million is expected to mature after five years through ten years.

A summary of our securities held-to-maturity is as follows (in thousands):


			Net Carrying		Unrealized		Estimated		Allowance for
	Face Value		Value		Gain/(Loss)		Fair Value		Credit Losses
March 31, 2021
B Piece bonds	$	72,266	$	54,792	$	4,684	$	59,476	$	606
APL certificates		63,627		38,068		4,912		42,980		991
Total	$	135,893	$	92,860	$	9,596	$	102,456	$	1,597
December 31, 2020
B Piece bonds	$	76,497	$	57,839	$	709	$	58,548	$	621
APL certificates		63,627		37,685		(2,105)		35,580		1,023
Total	$	140,124	$	95,524	$	(1,396)	$	94,128	$	1,644

A summary of the changes in the allowance for credit losses for our securities held-to-maturity is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	APL		B Piece
	Certificates		Bonds		Total
Beginning balance	$	1,023	$	621	$	1,644
Provision for credit loss expense		(32)		(15)		(47)
Ending balance	$	991	$	606	$	1,597

The allowance for credit losses on our held-to-maturity securities was estimated on a collective basis by major security type and was based on a reasonable and supportable forecast period and a historical loss reversion for similar securities. The issuers continue to make timely principal and interest payments and we continue to accrue interest on all our securities. As of March 31, 2021, no other-than-temporary impairment was recorded on our held-to-maturity securities.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded interest income (including the amortization of discount) of $2.9 million and $2.3 million, respectively, related to these investments.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

Note 8 — Investments in Equity Affiliates

We account for all investments in equity affiliates under the equity method. A summary of our investments in equity affiliates is as follows (in thousands):


					UPB of Loans to
	Investments in Equity Affiliates at				Equity Affiliates at
Equity Affiliates	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		March 31, 2021
Arbor Residential Investor LLC	$	68,557	$	59,150	$	—
Century Summerfield Apartments		17,026		—		76,575
AMAC Holdings III LLC		14,082		10,308		—
North Vermont Avenue		2,421		2,496		—
Lightstone Value Plus REIT L.P.		1,895		1,895		—
JT Prime		425		425		—
West Shore Café		—		—		1,687
Lexford Portfolio		—		—		—
East River Portfolio		—		—		—
Total	$	104,406	$	74,274	$	78,262

Arbor Residential Investor LLC (“ARI”). During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded income of $22.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively, to income from equity affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we also received cash distributions totaling $13.1 million from this equity investment, which were classified as returns of capital. In January 2021, an equity investor in the underlying residential mortgage banking business exercised their right to purchase an additional interest in this investment, which decreased our indirect interest to 12.3%. The allocation of income is based on the underlying agreements and may be different than our indirect interest.

In April 2021, we received an additional $5.6 million cash distribution from this equity investment.

Summarized statements of income for Wakefield Investment Holdings LLC, the third-party entity formed to hold a controlling interest in ARI, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Statements of Income:
Total revenues	$	366,314	$	173,376
Total expenses		246,539		154,250
Net income	$	119,775	$	19,126

Century Summerfield Apartments. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we committed to a $20.0 million investment (of which $17.0 million was funded as of March 31, 2021)for a 50% equity interest in a joint venture with a third party that was formed to invest in an apartment community. As a result of this transaction, we have an initial interest of 37.5% in the apartment community. We will earn a 5% cumulative non-compounded, priority return for six months.

AMAC Holdings III LLC (“AMAC III”). During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we funded an additional $4.0 million of the total committed investment of $30.0 million, which brings the total funded investment to $15.7 million at March 31, 2021. During both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the loss recorded from this investment was de minimis.

See Note 18 for details of certain investments described above.

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March 31, 2021

Note 9 — Real Estate Owned

A summary of our office building real estate asset is as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Land	$	3,138	$	3,138
Building and intangible assets		2,010		2,010
Less: Impairment loss		(2,500)		(2,500)
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(1,201)		(1,163)
Real estate owned, net	$	1,447	$	1,485

Our office building was fully occupied by a single tenant until April 2017, when the lease expired. The building is currently vacant.

Note 10 — Debt Obligations

Credit Facilities and Repurchase Agreements

Borrowings under our credit facilities and repurchase agreements are as follows ($ in thousands):


				March 31, 2021							December 31, 2020
				Debt		Collateral					Debt		Collateral
	Current	Extended	Note Rate	Carrying		Carrying		Wtd. Avg.			Carrying		Carrying
	Maturity	Maturity	Type	Value (1)		Value		Note Rate			Value (1)		Value
Structured Business
$900M joint repurchase facility	Mar. 2022	Mar. 2023	V	$	761,110	$	1,153,670		2.58	%	$	681,006	$	1,054,562
$400M repurchase facility (2)	Dec. 2021	Mar. 2023	V		374,468		528,338		2.34	%		191,622		259,559
$200M repurchase facility	Mar. 2023	Mar. 2026	V		95,124		120,500		2.14	%		—		—
$198.7M repurchase facility (3)	Dec. 2021	N/A	V		100,145		118,031		3.04	%		71,627		87,242
$188.5M loan specific credit facilities	June 2021 to Jan. 2024	N/A	V/F		188,297		251,550		3.04	%		148,615		198,550
$150M credit facility	Oct. 2022	Oct. 2023	V		1,216		2,659		3.90	%		23,606		31,809
$100M credit facility	July 2021	N/A	V		10,935		15,000		2.84	%		39,346		47,912
$100M credit facility	Oct. 2022	N/A	V		10,525		14,577		4.06	%		—		—
$100M repurchase facility	Sept. 2021	N/A	V		64,573		81,436		2.11	%		31,780		40,551
$50M credit facility	April 2022	N/A	V		22,401		28,009		2.14	%		15,992		21,300
$30M working capital facility	Nov. 2021	N/A	V		—		—		—			30,000		—
$25M credit facility	June 2022	June 2023	V		15,099		21,516		2.39	%		9,323		14,340
$1.4M master security agreements	Dec. 2022	N/A	F		1,095		—		4.01	%		1,441		—
Repurchase facilities - securities (4)	N/A	N/A	V		31,586		—		3.55	%		38,487		—
Structured Business total				$	1,676,574	$	2,335,286		2.59	%	$	1,282,845	$	1,755,825

Agency Business
$750M ASAP agreement	N/A	N/A	V	$	206,483	$	206,637		1.40	%	$	301,455	$	302,491
$400M repurchase facility	Oct. 2021	N/A	V		90,548		90,576		1.61	%		174,515		174,555
$200M joint repurchase facility	Mar. 2022	N/A	V		145,245		191,321		1.91	%		42,808		56,186
$200M credit facility	Mar. 2022	N/A	V		94,778		94,979		1.60	%		294,732		296,698
$150M credit facility	July 2021	N/A	V		—		—		—			49,632		49,754
$100M credit facility	June 2021	N/A	V		—		—		—			88,896		88,911
$1.3M repurchase facility (3)	Dec. 2021	N/A	V		1,268		1,492		3.00	%		—		—
Agency Business total				$	538,322	$	585,005		1.61	%	$	952,038	$	968,595
Consolidated total				$	2,214,896	$	2,920,291		2.35	%	$	2,234,883	$	2,724,420

V = Variable Note Rate

F = Fixed Note Rate

(1)

The debt carrying value for the Structured Business at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was net of unamortized deferred finance costs of $3.7 million and $3.3 million, respectively. The debt carrying value for the Agency Business at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was net of unamortized deferred finance costs of $1.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

(2)	In April 2021, we amended this facility increasing the facility size to $500.0 million and extending the maturity to March 2022.

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March 31, 2021

(3)	A portion of this $200.0 million repurchase facility was used to finance a fixed rate SFR permanent loan reported through our Agency Business. See Note 3 for further details.

(4)

These repurchase facilities are subject to margin call provisions associated with changes in interest spreads. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, these facilities were collateralized by our B Piece bonds with a carrying value of $55.4 million and $58.5 million, respectively, and an SFR bond with a carrying value of $10.0 million at December 31, 2020.

Generally, our credit facilities and repurchase agreements have extension options that are at the discretion of the banking institutions in which we have long standing relationships with. These facilities typically renew annually and also include a “wind-down” feature.

Joint Repurchase Facility. We amended our joint repurchase facility in March 2021 to extend the maturity date. The committed amount under this facility is $1.10 billion, which is shared between the Structured Business and the Agency Business, and matures in March 2022. Of the committed amount, $500.0 million has a one-year extension option through March 2023. This facility is used to finance structured loans and includes an $800.0 million sublimit to finance Private Label loans, which reduces to $500.0 million in March 2022. The interest rate under the facility is determined on a loan-by-loan basis and may include a LIBOR floor equal to a pro rata share of the LIBOR floors included in our originated loans. The facility has a maximum advance rate of 75% on all loans and has a $25.0 million over advance available to structured assets that bears interest at a rate of 650 basis points over LIBOR. If the estimated market value of the loans financed in this facility decrease, we may be required to pay down borrowings under this facility.

Structured Business

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the weighted average interest rate for the credit facilities and repurchase agreements of our Structured Business, including certain fees and costs, such as structuring, commitment, non-use and warehousing fees, was 2.81% and 2.97%, respectively. The leverage on our loan and investment portfolio financed through our credit facilities and repurchase agreements, excluding the securities repurchase facilities, working capital facility and the master security agreements used to finance leasehold and capital expenditure improvements at our corporate office, was 71% and 69% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

In March 2021, we entered into a $200.0 million repurchase facility to finance bridge loans that has interest rates of 175 basis points to 275 basis points over LIBOR and matures in March 2023. The facility has a maximum advance rate of 80%.

In March 2021, we amended our $50.0 million credit facility increasing the facility size to $150.0 million and decreased the all in floor rate 15 basis points.

In March 2021, we entered into an $18.2 million credit facility used to finance a hotel bridge loan. The facility bears interest at the prime rate with a floor of 3.25% and matures in December 2022.

In February 2021, we entered into a $21.6 million credit facility used to finance a multifamily bridge loan. The facility bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00% and matures in January 2024.

In January 2021, we amended our $400.0 million repurchase facility to extend the maturity to December 2021. The interest rate on new loans in 2021 is 175 basis points over LIBOR with a LIBOR floor of 35 basis points if utilization is above $250.0 million and 200 basis points over LIBOR with a LIBOR floor of 35 basis points if utilization is below $250.0 million. For existing loans, the interest rate will remain at 220 basis points over LIBOR with a LIBOR floor reduced to 35 basis points.

Agency Business

In March 2021, we amended our $150.0 million credit facility to increase the facility size to $200.0 million, extend the maturity to March 2022, increase the interest rate 20 basis points and add a LIBOR floor of 25 basis points.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

Collateralized Loan Obligations (“CLOs”)

We account for CLO transactions on our consolidated balance sheet as financing facilities. Our CLOs are VIEs for which we are the primary beneficiary and are consolidated in our financial statements. The investment grade tranches are treated as secured financings, and are non-recourse to us.

Borrowings and the corresponding collateral under our CLOs are as follows ($ in thousands):


	Debt						Collateral (3)
							Loans				Cash
			Carrying		Wtd. Avg.				Carrying		Restricted
March 31, 2021	Face Value		Value (1)		Rate (2)		UPB		Value		Cash (4)
CLO XIV	$	655,475	$	649,708	1.46	%	$	668,155	$	668,155	$	104,737
CLO XIII		668,000		664,097	1.55	%		776,270		776,270		7,564
CLO XII		534,193		530,981	1.63	%		600,112		600,113		33,378
CLO XI		533,000		530,161	1.58	%		596,667		596,667		49,577
CLO X		441,000		438,713	1.58	%		521,042		521,042		26,195
Total CLOs	$	2,831,668	$	2,813,660	1.55	%	$	3,162,246	$	3,162,247	$	221,451


December 31, 2020
CLO XIII	$	668,000	$	663,804	1.58	%	$	768,664	$	768,664	$	43
CLO XII		534,193		530,673	1.66	%		628,935		628,935		2,005
CLO XI		533,000		529,859	1.61	%		555,157		555,157		92,395
CLO X		441,000		438,442	1.61	%		522,132		522,132		25,537
CLO IX		356,150		354,531	1.53	%		457,903		457,903		18,703
Total CLOs	$	2,532,343	$	2,517,309	1.60	%	$	2,932,791	$	2,932,791	$	138,683

(1)	Debt carrying value is net of $18.0 million and $15.0 million of deferred financing fees at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

(2)	At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the aggregate weighted average note rate for our CLOs, including certain fees and costs, was 1.90% and 1.93%, respectively.

(3)	As of March 31, 2021, there was one loan with a UPB of $15.0 million deemed at risk of default or a “credit risk” as defined by the CLO indenture, which we repurchased from the respective CLO in April 2021. As of December 31, 2020, there was no collateral deemed a credit risk.

(4)	Represents restricted cash held for principal repayments as well as for reinvestment in the CLOs. Does not include restricted cash related to interest payments, delayed fundings and expenses totaling $38.4 million and $49.5 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

CLO XIV. In March 2021, we completed CLO XIV, issuing eight tranches of CLO notes through two newly-formed wholly-owned subsidiaries totaling $724.2 million. Of the total CLO notes issued, $655.5 million were investment grade notes issued to third party investors and $68.7 million were below investment grade notes retained by us. As of the CLO closing date, the notes were secured by a portfolio of loan obligations with a face value of $635.2 million, consisting primarily of bridge loans that were contributed from our existing loan portfolio. The financing has a two-and-a-half- year replacement period that allows the principal proceeds and sale proceeds (if any) of the loan obligations to be reinvested in qualifying replacement loan obligations, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. Thereafter, the outstanding debt balance will be reduced as loans are repaid. Initially, the proceeds of the issuance of the securities also included $149.8 million for the purpose of acquiring additional loan obligations for a period of up to 180 days from the CLO closing date, resulting in the issuer owning loan obligations with a face value of $785.0 million, representing leverage of 84%. We retained a residual interest in the portfolio with a notional amount of $129.5 million, including the $68.7 million below investment grade notes. The notes sold to third parties had an initial weighted average interest rate of 1.33% plus one-month LIBOR and interest payments on the notes are payable monthly.

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March 31, 2021

CLO IX. In March 2021, we unwound CLO IX, redeeming $356.2 million of outstanding notes which were repaid primarily from the refinancing of the remaining assets primarily within CLO XIV, as well as with cash held by CLO IX, and expensed $1.4 million of deferred financing fees into loss on extinguishment of debt on the consolidated statements of operations.

Senior Unsecured Notes

A summary of our senior unsecured notes is as follows (in thousands):


Senior			March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
Unsecured	Issuance				Carrying		Wtd. Avg.				Carrying		Wtd. Avg.
Notes	Date	Maturity	UPB		Value (1)		Rate (2)		UPB		Value (1)		Rate (2)
8.00% Notes (3)	Apr. 2020	Apr. 2023	$	70,750	$	69,896	8.00	%	$	70,750	$	69,793	8.00	%
4.50% Notes (3)	Mar. 2020	Mar. 2027		275,000		272,114	4.50	%		275,000		271,994	4.50	%
4.75% Notes (4)	Oct. 2019	Oct. 2024		110,000		108,755	4.75	%		110,000		108,668	4.75	%
5.75% Notes (4)	Mar. 2019	Apr. 2024		90,000		88,847	5.75	%		90,000		88,751	5.75	%
5.625% Notes (4)	Mar. 2018	May 2023		125,000		123,783	5.63	%		125,000		123,637	5.63	%
			$	670,750	$	663,395	5.29	%	$	670,750	$	662,843	5.29	%

(1)	At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the carrying value is net of deferred financing fees of $7.4 million and $7.9 million, respectively.

(2)	At both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the aggregate weighted average note rate, including certain fees and costs, was 5.65%.

(3)

These notes can be redeemed by us prior to three months before the maturity date, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus a "make-whole" premium and accrued and unpaid interest. We have the right to redeem the notes three months prior to or after the maturity date, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

(4)

These notes can be redeemed by us at any time prior to the maturity date, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus a “make-whole” premium and accrued and unpaid interest. We have the right to redeem the notes on or after the maturity date, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the aggregate principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest.

Subsequent Event. In April 2021, we issued $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% senior unsecured notes due in 2026 in a private offering. We intend to use the net proceeds to make investments related to our business and for general corporate purposes.

Convertible Senior Unsecured Notes

In 2019, we issued $264.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.75% convertible senior notes (the “4.75% Convertible Notes”) through a private placement offering, which includes the exercised purchaser’s total over-allotment option of $34.0 million. The 4.75% Convertible Notes pay interest semiannually in arrears and are scheduled to mature in November 2022, unless earlier converted or repurchased by the holders pursuant to their terms. The initial conversion rate and the conversion rate at December 31, 2019 was 56.1695 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal representing a conversion price of $17.80 per share of common stock. We received proceeds totaling $256.5 million, net of the underwriter’s discount and fees, which is being amortized through interest expense over the life of such notes. We used the net proceeds from the issuance primarily for the exchange of $228.7 million of our 5.25% convertible senior notes (the “5.25% Convertible Notes”) for a combination of $233.1 million in cash (which included accrued interest) and 4,478,315 shares of our common stock. The remaining net proceeds were used for general corporate purposes. As of March 31, 2021, the 4.75% Convertible Notes had conversion rates of 56.4061 shares of common stock per $1,000 of principal, which represented a conversion price of $17.73 per share of common stock.

At March 31, 2021, there were $0.5 million and $13.8 million aggregate principal amount remaining of our 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 3, 2018 and 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 20, 2018, respectively. The initial conversion rates of the 5.25% convertible notes issued on July 3, 2018 and 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 20, 2018 were 86.9943 shares and 77.8331 shares, respectively, of common stock per $1,000 of principal, which represented a conversion price of $11.50 per share and $12.85 per share of common stock, respectively. At March 31, 2021, the 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 3, 2018 and 5.25% Convertible Notes issued on July 20, 2018 had conversion rates of 91.4952 shares and 81.8600 shares, respectively, of common stock

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March 31, 2021

per $1,000 of principal, which represented a conversion price of $10.93 per share and $12.22 per share of common stock, respectively. The 5.25% Convertible Notes pay interest semiannually in arrears and has a scheduled maturity date in July 2021, unless earlier converted or repurchased by the holders pursuant to their terms.

Our convertible senior unsecured notes are not redeemable by us prior to their maturities and are convertible by the holder into, at our election, cash, shares of our common stock, or a combination of both, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions and during specified periods. The conversion rates are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events and the holders may require us to repurchase all, or any portion, of their notes for cash equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if we undergo a fundamental change specified in the agreements. We intend to settle the principal balance of our convertible debt in cash and have not assumed share settlement of the principal balance for purposes of computing earnings per share (“EPS”). At the time of issuance, there was no precedent or policy that would indicate that we would settle the principal in shares or the conversion spread in cash.

Accounting guidance requires that convertible debt instruments with cash settlement features, including partial cash settlement, account for the liability component and equity component (conversion feature) of the instrument separately. The initial value of the liability component reflects the present value of the discounted cash flows using the nonconvertible debt borrowing rate at the time of the issuance. The debt discount represents the difference between the proceeds received from the issuance and the initial carrying value of the liability component, which is accreted back to the notes principal amount through interest expense over the term of the notes, which was 1.52 years and 1.77 years at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, on a weighted average basis.

The UPB, unamortized discount and net carrying amount of the liability and equity components of our convertible notes are as follows (in thousands):


	Liability								Equity
	Component								Component
			Unamortized Debt		Unamortized Deferred		Net Carrying		Net Carrying
Period	UPB		Discount		Financing Fees		Value		Value
March 31, 2021	$	278,300	$	4,833	$	4,015	$	269,452	$	9,962

December 31, 2020	$	278,300	$	5,636	$	4,691	$	267,973	$	9,962

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we incurred interest expense on the notes totaling $4.8 million, of which $3.3 million, $0.8 million and $0.7 million related to the cash coupon, amortization of the debt discount and of the deferred financing fees, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we incurred total interest expense on the notes of $5.2 million, of which $3.4 million, $0.9 million and $0.9 million related to the cash coupon, amortization of the debt discount and of the deferred financing fees, respectively. Including the amortization of the deferred financing fees and debt discount, our weighted average total cost of the notes was 6.75% at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Junior Subordinated Notes

The carrying values of borrowings under our junior subordinated notes were $141.8 million and $141.7 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which is net of a deferred amount of $10.7 million and $10.8 million, respectively, (which is amortized into interest expense over the life of the notes) and deferred financing fees of $1.8 million for both periods. These notes have maturities ranging from March 2034 through April 2037 and pay interest quarterly at a floating rate based on LIBOR. The weighted average note rate was 3.01% and 3.06% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Including certain fees and costs, the weighted average note rate was 3.10% and 3.15% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

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March 31, 2021

Debt Covenants

Credit Facilities, Repurchase Agreements and Unsecured Debt. The credit facilities, repurchase agreements and unsecured debt (senior and convertible notes) contain various financial covenants, including, but not limited to, minimum liquidity requirements, minimum net worth requirements, as well as certain other debt service coverage ratios, debt to equity ratios and minimum servicing portfolio tests. We were in compliance with all financial covenants and restrictions at March 31, 2021.

CLOs. Our CLO vehicles contain interest coverage and asset overcollateralization covenants that must be met as of the waterfall distribution date in order for us to receive such payments. If we fail these covenants in any of our CLOs, all cash flows from the applicable CLO would be diverted to repay principal and interest on the outstanding CLO bonds and we would not receive any residual payments until that CLO regained compliance with such tests. Our CLOs were in compliance with all such covenants as of March 31, 2021, as well as on the most recent determination dates in April 2021. In the event of a breach of the CLO covenants that could not be cured in the near-term, we would be required to fund our non-CLO expenses, including employee costs, distributions required to maintain our REIT status, debt costs, and other expenses with (i) cash on hand, (ii) income from any CLO not in breach of a covenant test, (iii) income from real property and loan assets, (iv) sale of assets, or (v) accessing the equity or debt capital markets, if available. We have the right to cure covenant breaches which would resume normal residual payments to us by purchasing non-performing loans out of the CLOs. However, we may not have sufficient liquidity available to do so at such time.

Our CLO compliance tests as of the most recent determination dates in April 2021 are as follows:


Cash Flow Triggers	CLO X		CLO XI		CLO XII		CLO XIII		CLO XIV
Overcollateralization (1)
Current	126.98	%	121.95	%	118.87	%	119.76	%	119.76	%
Limit	125.98	%	120.95	%	117.87	%	118.76	%	118.76	%
Pass / Fail	Pass		Pass		Pass		Pass		Pass

Interest Coverage (2)
Current	397.51	%	432.76	%	387.82	%	419.82	%	297.55	%
Limit	120.00	%	120.00	%	120.00	%	120.00	%	120.00	%
Pass / Fail	Pass		Pass		Pass		Pass		Pass

(1)

The overcollateralization ratio divides the total principal balance of all collateral in the CLO by the total principal balance of the bonds associated with the applicable ratio. To the extent an asset is considered a defaulted security, the asset’s principal balance for purposes of the overcollateralization test is the lesser of the asset’s market value or the principal balance of the defaulted asset multiplied by the asset’s recovery rate which is determined by the rating agencies. Rating downgrades of CLO collateral will generally not have a direct impact on the principal balance of a CLO asset for purposes of calculating the CLO overcollateralization test unless the rating downgrade is below a significantly low threshold (e.g. CCC-) as defined in each CLO vehicle.

(2)	The interest coverage ratio divides interest income by interest expense for the classes senior to those retained by us.

Our CLO overcollateralization ratios as of the determination dates subsequent to each quarter are as follows:


Determination (1)	CLO X		CLO XI		CLO XII		CLO XIII		CLO XIV
April 2021	126.98	%	121.95	%	118.87	%	119.76	%	119.76	%
January 2021	126.98	%	121.95	%	118.87	%	119.76	%	—
October 2020	126.98	%	121.95	%	118.87	%	119.76	%	—
July 2020	126.98	%	121.95	%	118.87	%	119.76	%	—
April 2020	126.98	%	121.95	%	118.87	%	119.76	%	—

(1)	The table above represents the quarterly trend of our overcollateralization ratio, however, the CLO determination dates are monthly and we were in compliance with this test for all periods presented.

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The ratio will fluctuate based on the performance of the underlying assets, transfers of assets into the CLOs prior to the expiration of their respective replenishment dates, purchase or disposal of other investments, and loan payoffs. No payment due under the junior subordinated indentures may be paid if there is a default under any senior debt and the senior lender has sent notice to the trustee. The junior subordinated indentures are also cross-defaulted with each other.

Note 11 — Allowance for Loss-Sharing Obligations

Our allowance for loss-sharing obligations related to the Fannie Mae DUS program is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	64,303	$	34,648
Impact of adopting CECL - January 1, 2020		—		14,406
Provisions for loss sharing		1,748		21,896
Provisions reversal for loan repayments		(96)		(358)
Recoveries (charge-offs), net		(62)		160
Ending balance	$	65,893	$	70,752

When a loan is sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program, we undertake an obligation to partially guarantee the performance of the loan. A liability is recognized for the fair value of the guarantee obligation undertaken for the non-contingent aspect of the guarantee and is removed only upon either the expiration or settlement of the guarantee. At March 31, 2021 and 2020, guarantee obligations of $34.4 million and $32.4 million, respectively, were included in the allowance for loss-sharing obligations.

In addition to and separately from the fair value of the guarantee, we estimate our allowance for loss-sharing under CECL over the contractual period in which we are exposed to credit risk. The current expected loss related to loss-sharing was based on a collective pooling basis with similar risk characteristics, a reasonable and supportable forecast and a reversion period based on our average historical losses through the remaining contractual term of the portfolio.

When we settle a loss under the DUS loss-sharing model, the net loss is charged-off against the previously recorded loss-sharing obligation. The settled loss is often net of any previously advanced principal and interest payments in accordance with the DUS program, which are reflected as reductions to the proceeds needed to settle losses. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had outstanding advances of $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively, which were netted against the allowance for loss-sharing obligations.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our allowance for loss-sharing obligations, associated with expected losses under CECL, was $31.5 million and $30.3 million, respectively, and represented 0.16% and 0.17%, respectively, of the Fannie Mae servicing portfolio.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the maximum quantifiable liability associated with our guarantees under the Fannie Mae DUS agreement was $3.58 billion and $3.41 billion, respectively. The maximum quantifiable liability is not representative of the actual loss we would incur. We would be liable for this amount only if all of the loans we service for Fannie Mae, for which we retain some risk of loss, were to default and all of the collateral underlying these loans was determined to be without value at the time of settlement.

Note 12 — Derivative Financial Instruments

We enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities resulting in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. We do not use these derivatives for speculative purposes, but are instead using them to manage our exposure to interest rate risk.

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March 31, 2021

Agency Rate Lock and Forward Sale Commitments. We enter into contractual commitments to originate and sell mortgage loans at fixed prices with fixed expiration dates. The commitments become effective when the borrower “rate locks” a specified interest rate within time frames established by us. All potential borrowers are evaluated for creditworthiness prior to the extension of the commitment. Market risk arises if interest rates move adversely between the time of the rate lock by the borrower and the sale date of the loan to an investor. To mitigate the effect of the interest rate risk inherent in providing rate lock commitments to borrowers under the GSE programs, we enter into a forward sale commitment with the investor simultaneously with the rate lock commitment with the borrower. The forward sale contract locks in an interest rate and price for the sale of the loan. The terms of the contract with the investor and the rate lock with the borrower are matched in substantially all respects, with the objective of eliminating interest rate risk to the extent practical. Sale commitments with the investors have an expiration date that is longer than our related commitments to the borrower to allow, among other things, for closing of the loan and processing of paperwork to deliver the loan into the sale commitment.

These commitments meet the definition of a derivative and are recorded at fair value, including the effects of interest rate movements which are reflected as a component of loss on derivative instruments, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The estimated fair value of rate lock commitments also includes the fair value of the expected net cash flows associated with the servicing of the loan which is recorded as income from MSRs in the consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded a net loss of $8.7 million and a net gain of $8.2 million, respectively, from changes in the fair value of these derivatives in loss on derivative instruments, net and $36.9 million and $21.9 million, respectively, of income from MSRs. See Note 13 for details.

Interest Rate Swap Futures. We enter into over-the-counter interest rate swap futures (“Swap Futures”) to hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates inherent in (1) our Agency Business SFR - fixed rate loans from the time the loans are originated until the time they can be financed with match term fixed rate securitized debt, and (2) our held-for-sale Agency Business Private Label loans from the time the loans are rate locked until sale and securitization. The Swap Futures do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting, typically have a three-month maturity and are tied to the five-year and ten-year swap rates. Our Swap Futures are cleared by a central clearing house and variation margin payments, made in cash, are treated as a legal settlement of the derivative itself as opposed to a pledge of collateral.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded realized gains of $2.9 million and unrealized gains of $2.6 million to our Agency Business related to our Swap Futures. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded realized losses of $2.6 million and unrealized losses of $0.4 million to our Structured Business and realized losses of $46.0 million and unrealized losses of $9.8 million to our Agency Business related to our Swap Futures. The realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in loss on derivative instruments, net on our consolidated statements of operations.

A summary of our non-qualifying derivative financial instruments is as follows ($ in thousands):


	March 31, 2021
					Fair Value
		Notional		Balance Sheet	Derivative		Derivative
Derivative	Count	Value		Location	Assets		Liabilities
Agency Business
Rate Lock Commitments	18	$	135,558	Other Assets/Other Liabilities	$	1,439	$	(2,941)
Forward Sale Commitments	67		527,750	Other Assets/Other Liabilities		3,041		(8,102)
Swap Futures	2,233		223,300			—		—
		$	886,608		$	4,480	$	(11,043)


	December 31, 2020
Agency Business
Rate Lock Commitments	7	$	136,354	Other Assets/Other Liabilities	$	1,967	$	(231)
Forward Sale Commitments	114		1,048,763	Other Assets/Other Liabilities		1,925		(990)
Swap Futures	453		45,300			—		—
		$	1,230,417		$	3,892	$	(1,221)

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March 31, 2021

Note 13 — Fair Value

Fair value estimates are dependent upon subjective assumptions and involve significant uncertainties resulting in variability in estimates with changes in assumptions. The following table summarizes the principal amounts, carrying values and the estimated fair values of our financial instruments (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Principal /		Carrying		Estimated		Principal /		Carrying		Estimated
	Notional Amount		Value		Fair Value		Notional Amount		Value		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Loans and investments, net	$	6,263,431	$	6,070,337	$	6,214,368	$	5,475,082	$	5,285,868	$	5,428,141
Loans held-for-sale, net		602,325		613,542		634,677		968,595		986,919		1,007,294
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net		n/a		406,980		454,366		n/a		379,974		415,495
Securities held-to-maturity, net		135,893		92,860		102,456		140,124		95,524		94,128
Derivative financial instruments		139,218		4,480		4,480		865,975		3,892		3,892

Financial liabilities:
Credit and repurchase facilities	$	2,220,307	$	2,214,896	$	2,215,577	$	2,238,722	$	2,234,883	$	2,235,668
Collateralized loan obligations		2,831,668		2,813,660		2,828,910		2,532,343		2,517,309		2,495,195
Senior unsecured notes		670,750		663,395		670,078		670,750		662,843		670,117
Convertible senior unsecured notes, net		278,300		269,452		291,856		278,300		267,973		280,636
Junior subordinated notes		154,336		141,839		100,125		154,336		141,656		99,594
Derivative financial instruments		524,089		11,043		11,043		319,142		1,221		1,221

Assets and liabilities disclosed at fair value are categorized based upon the level of judgment associated with the inputs used to measure their fair value. Determining which category an asset or liability falls within the hierarchy requires judgment and we evaluate our hierarchy disclosures each quarter. Hierarchical levels directly related to the amount of subjectivity associated with the inputs to fair valuation of these assets and liabilities are as follows:

Level 1—Inputs are unadjusted and quoted prices exist in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, such as government, agency and equity securities.

Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are observable for the asset or liability through correlation with market data. Level 2 inputs may include quoted market prices for a similar asset or liability, interest rates and credit risk. Examples include non-government securities, certain mortgage and asset-backed securities, certain corporate debt and certain derivative instruments.

Level 3—Inputs reflect our best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are based on significant unobservable inputs that require a considerable amount of judgment and assumptions. Examples include certain mortgage and asset-backed securities, certain corporate debt and certain derivative instruments.

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value and the general classification of these instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.

Loans and investments, net. Fair values of loans and investments that are not impaired are estimated using inputs based on direct capitalization rate and discounted cash flow methodologies using discount rates, which, in our opinion, best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for loans with similar characteristics and credit quality (Level 3). Fair values of impaired loans and investments are estimated using inputs that require significant judgments, which include assumptions regarding discount rates, capitalization rates, creditworthiness of major tenants, occupancy rates, availability of financing, exit plans and other factors (Level 3).

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March 31, 2021

Loans held-for-sale, net. Consists of originated loans that are generally expected to be transferred or sold within 60 days to 180 days of loan funding, and are valued using pricing models that incorporate observable inputs from current market assumptions or a hypothetical securitization model utilizing observable market data from recent securitization spreads and observable pricing of loans with similar characteristics (Level 2). Fair value includes the fair value allocated to the associated future MSRs and is calculated pursuant to the valuation techniques described below for capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net (Level 3).

Capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net. Fair values are estimated using inputs based on discounted future net cash flow methodology (Level 3). The fair value of MSRs carried at amortized cost are estimated using a process that involves the use of independent third-party valuation experts, supported by commercially available discounted cash flow models and analysis of current market data. The key inputs used in estimating fair value include the contractually specified servicing fees, prepayment speed of the underlying loans, discount rate, annual per loan cost to service loans, delinquency rates, late charges and other economic factors.

Securities held-to-maturity, net. Fair values are approximated using inputs based on current market quotes received from financial sources that trade such securities and are based on prevailing market data and, in some cases, are derived from third-party proprietary models based on well recognized financial principles and reasonable estimates about relevant future market conditions (Level 3).

Derivative financial instruments. Fair values of rate lock and forward sale commitments are estimated using valuation techniques, which include internally-developed models developed based on changes in the U.S. Treasury rate and other observable market data (Level 2). The fair value of rate lock commitments includes the fair value of the expected net cash flows associated with the servicing of the loans, see capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net above for details on the applicable valuation technique (Level 3). We also consider the impact of counterparty non-performance risk when measuring the fair value of these derivatives. Given the credit quality of our counterparties, the short duration of interest rate lock commitments and forward sale contracts, and our historical experience, the risk of nonperformance by our counterparties is not significant.

Credit facilities and repurchase agreements. Fair values for credit facilities and repurchase agreements of the Structured Business are estimated using discounted cash flow methodology, using discount rates, which, in our opinion, best reflect current market interest rates for financing with similar characteristics and credit quality (Level 3). The majority of our credit facilities and repurchase agreements for the Agency Business bear interest at rates that are similar to those available in the market currently and fair values are estimated using Level 2 inputs. For these facilities, the fair values approximate their carrying values.

Collateralized loan obligations and junior subordinated notes. Fair values are estimated based on broker quotations, representing the discounted expected future cash flows at a yield that reflects current market interest rates and credit spreads (Level 3).

Senior unsecured notes. Fair values are estimated at current market quotes received from active markets when available (Level 1). If quotes from active markets are unavailable, then the fair values are estimated utilizing current market quotes received from inactive markets (Level 2).

Convertible senior unsecured notes, net. Fair values are estimated using current market quotes received from inactive markets (Level 2).

We measure certain financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values of these financial assets and liabilities are determined using the following input levels as of March 31, 2021 (in thousands):


					Fair Value Measurements Using Fair
	Carrying				Value Hierarchy
	Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Derivative financial instruments	$	4,480	$	4,480	$	—	$	3,041	$	1,439

Financial liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	11,043	$	11,043	$	—	$	11,043	$	—

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

We measure certain financial and non-financial assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The fair values of these financial and non-financial assets, if applicable, are determined using the following input levels as of March 31, 2021 (in thousands):


					Fair Value Measurements Using Fair
	Net Carrying				Value Hierarchy
	Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Impaired loans, net (1)	$	148,552	$	148,552	$	—	$	—	$	148,552

(1)	We had an allowance for credit losses of $106.3 million relating to ten impaired loans with an aggregate carrying value, before loan loss reserves, of $254.8 million at March 31, 2021.

Loan impairment assessments. Loans held for investment are intended to be held to maturity and, accordingly, are carried at cost, net of unamortized loan origination costs and fees, loan purchase discounts, and net of the allowance for credit losses, when such loan or investment is deemed to be impaired. We consider a loan impaired when, based upon current information, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due for both principal and interest according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. We evaluate our loans to determine if the value of the underlying collateral securing the impaired loan is less than the net carrying value of the loan, which may result in an allowance and corresponding charge to the provision for credit losses. These valuations require significant judgments, which include assumptions regarding capitalization and discount rates, revenue growth rates, creditworthiness of major tenants, occupancy rates, availability of financing, exit plan and other factors. The table above and below includes all impaired loans, regardless of the period in which the impairment was recognized.

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements at March 31, 2021 is as follows ($ in thousands):


			Valuation
	Fair Value		Techniques	Significant Unobservable Inputs
Financial assets:
Impaired loans:
Hotel	$	81,779	Discounted cash flows /	Discount rate	7.50	%
			direct capitalization	Capitalization rate	5.00	%
				Revenue growth rate	25.00	%

Land		49,961	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	21.50	%
				Revenue growth rate	3.00	%

Retail		15,333	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	10.15	%
				Capitalization rate	9.25	%
				Revenue growth rate	1.68	%

Healthcare		828	Discounted cash flows	Capitalization rate	14.30	%

Office		651	Discounted cash flows	Discount rate	11.00	%
				Capitalization rate	9.00	%
				Revenue growth rate	2.50	%
Derivative financial instruments:
Rate lock commitments		1,439	Discounted cash flows	W/A discount rate	9.48	%

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

The derivative financial instruments using Level 3 inputs are outstanding for short periods of time (generally less than 60 days). A roll-forward of Level 3 derivative instruments is as follows (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements Using
	Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Derivative assets and liabilities, net
Beginning balance	$	1,967	$	1,066
Settlements		(37,026)		(11,717)
Realized gains recorded in earnings		35,059		10,651
Unrealized gains recorded in earnings		1,439		2,069
Ending balance	$	1,439	$	2,069

The components of fair value and other relevant information associated with our rate lock commitments, forward sales commitments and the estimated fair value of cash flows from servicing on loans held-for-sale are as follows (in thousands):


	Notional/		Fair Value of		Interest Rate		Total Fair Value
March 31, 2021	Principal Amount		Servicing Rights		Movement Effect		Adjustment
Rate lock commitments	$	135,558	$	1,439	$	(2,941)	$	(1,502)
Forward sale commitments		527,750		—		2,941		2,941
Loans held-for-sale, net (1)		602,325		14,026		—		14,026
Total			$	15,465	$	—	$	15,465

(1)	Loans held-for-sale, net are recorded at the lower of cost or market on an aggregate basis and includes fair value adjustments related to estimated cash flows from MSRs.

We measure certain assets and liabilities for which fair value is only disclosed. The fair value of these assets and liabilities are determined using the following input levels as of March 31, 2021 (in thousands):


					Fair Value Measurements Using Fair Value Hierarchy
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Loans and investments, net	$	6,070,337	$	6,214,368	$	—	$	—	$	6,214,368
Loans held-for-sale, net		613,542		634,677		—		620,651		14,026
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net		406,980		454,366		—		—		454,366
Securities held-to-maturity, net		92,860		102,456		—		—		102,456

Financial liabilities:
Credit and repurchase facilities	$	2,214,896	$	2,215,577	$	—	$	538,322	$	1,677,255
Collateralized loan obligations		2,813,660		2,828,910		—		—		2,828,910
Senior unsecured notes		663,395		670,078		670,078		—		—
Convertible senior unsecured notes, net		269,452		291,856		—		291,856		—
Junior subordinated notes		141,839		100,125		—		—		100,125

Note 14 — Commitments and Contingencies

Impact of COVID-19. The magnitude and duration of COVID-19 and its impact on our business and on our borrowers is uncertain and will mostly depend on future events, which cannot be predicted. As this pandemic continues and if economic conditions worsen, it may have long-term impacts on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. See Note 2 and Item 1A. Risk Factors of our 2020 Annual Report for further discussion of COVID-19.

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March 31, 2021

Agency Business Commitments. Our Agency Business is subject to supervision by certain regulatory agencies. Among other things, these agencies require us to meet certain minimum net worth, operational liquidity and restricted liquidity collateral requirements, and compliance with reporting requirements. Our adjusted net worth and liquidity required by the agencies for all periods presented exceeded these requirements.

As of March 31, 2021, we were required to maintain at least $18.7 million of liquid assets in one of our subsidiaries to meet our operational liquidity requirements for Fannie Mae and we had operational liquidity in excess of this requirement.

We are generally required to share the risk of any losses associated with loans sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program and are required to secure this obligation by assigning restricted cash balances and/or a letter of credit to Fannie Mae. The amount of collateral required by Fannie Mae is a formulaic calculation at the loan level by a Fannie Mae assigned tier, which considers the loan balance, risk level of the loan, age of the loan and level of risk-sharing. Fannie Mae requires restricted liquidity for Tier 2 loans of 75 basis points, 15 basis points for Tier 3 loans and 5 basis points for Tier 4 loans, which is funded over a 48-month period that begins upon delivery of the loan to Fannie Mae. A significant portion of our Fannie Mae DUS serviced loans for which we have risk sharing are Tier 2 loans. As of March 31, 2021, we met the restricted liquidity requirement with a $45.0 million letter of credit and $12.2 million of cash collateral.

As of March 31, 2021, reserve requirements for the Fannie Mae DUS loan portfolio will require us to fund $48.9 million in additional restricted liquidity over the next 48 months, assuming no further principal paydowns, prepayments, or defaults within our at-risk portfolio. Fannie Mae periodically reassesses these collateral requirements and may make changes to these requirements in the future. We generate sufficient cash flow from our operations to meet these capital standards and do not expect any changes to have a material impact on our future operations; however, future changes to collateral requirements may adversely impact our available cash.

We are subject to various capital requirements in connection with seller/servicer agreements that we have entered into with secondary market investors. Failure to maintain minimum capital requirements could result in our inability to originate and service loans for the respective investor and, therefore, could have a direct material effect on our consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2021, we met all of Fannie Mae’s quarterly capital requirements and our Fannie Mae adjusted net worth was in excess of the required net worth. We are not subject to capital requirements on a quarterly basis for Ginnie Mae and FHA, as requirements for these investors are only required on an annual basis.

As an approved designated seller/servicer under Freddie Mac's SBL program, we are required to post collateral to ensure that we are able to meet certain purchase and loss obligations required by this program. Under the SBL program, we are required to post collateral equal to $5.0 million, which is satisfied with a $5.0 million letter of credit.

We enter into contractual commitments with borrowers providing rate lock commitments while simultaneously entering into forward sale commitments with investors. These commitments are outstanding for short periods of time (generally less than 60 days) and are described in more detail in Note 12 and Note 13.

Debt Obligations and Operating Leases. As of March 31, 2021, the maturities of our debt obligations and the minimum annual operating lease payments under leases with a term in excess of one year are as follows (in thousands):


			Minimum Annual
	Debt		Operating Lease
Year	Obligations		Payments		Total
2021 (nine months ending December 31, 2021)	$	1,206,690	$	4,266	$	1,210,956
2022		2,230,637		8,257		2,238,894
2023		1,217,922		8,031		1,225,953
2024		781,593		7,926		789,519
2025		257,597		7,978		265,575
2026		—		8,282		8,282
Thereafter		460,922		26,098		487,020
Total	$	6,155,361	$	70,838	$	6,226,199

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded lease expense of $2.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

Unfunded Commitments. In accordance with certain structured loans and investments, we have outstanding unfunded commitments of $443.1 million as of March 31, 2021 that we are obligated to fund as borrowers meet certain requirements. Specific requirements include, but are not limited to, property renovations, building construction and conversions based on criteria met by the borrower in accordance with the loan agreements.

Litigation. We are currently neither subject to any material litigation nor, to the best of our knowledge, threatened by any material litigation other than the following:

In June 2011, three related lawsuits were filed by the Extended Stay Litigation Trust (the “Trust”), a post-bankruptcy litigation trust alleged to have standing to pursue claims that previously had been held by Extended Stay, Inc. and the Homestead Village L.L.C. family of companies (together “ESI”) (formerly Chapter 11 debtors, together the “Debtors”) that have emerged from bankruptcy. Two of the lawsuits were filed in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, and the third in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County. There were 73 defendants in the three lawsuits, including 55 corporate and partnership entities and 18 individuals. A subsidiary of ours and certain other entities that are affiliates of ours are included as defendants. The New York State Court action was removed to the Bankruptcy Court. Currently, there is just a single case in Bankruptcy Court.

The lawsuits all alleged, as a factual basis and background, certain facts surrounding the June 2007 leveraged buyout of ESI from affiliates of Blackstone Capital. Our subsidiary, Arbor ESH II, LLC, had a $115.0 million investment in the Series A1 Preferred Units of a holding company of Extended Stay, Inc. The New York State Court action and one of the two federal court actions named as defendants Arbor ESH II, LLC, Arbor Commercial Mortgage, LLC (“ACM”), and ABT-ESI LLC, an entity in which we have a membership interest, among the broad group of defendants. These two actions were commenced by substantially identical complaints. The defendants are alleged, among other things, to have breached fiduciary and contractual duties by causing or allowing the Debtors to pay illegal dividends or other improper distributions of value at a time when the Debtors were insolvent. The Trust also alleges that the defendants aided and abetted, induced, or participated in breaches of fiduciary duty, waste, and unjust enrichment (“Fiduciary Duty Claims”) and name a director of ours, and a former general counsel of ACM, each of whom had served on the Board of Directors of ESI for a period of time. We are defending these two defendants and paying the costs of such defense. On the basis of the foregoing allegations, the Trust has asserted claims under a number of common law theories, seeking the return of assets transferred by the Debtors prior to the Debtors' bankruptcy filing.

In the third action, filed in Bankruptcy Court, the same plaintiff, the Trust, named ACM and ABT-ESI LLC, together with a number of other defendants, and asserts claims, including constructive and fraudulent conveyance claims, under state and federal statutes, as well as a claim under the Federal Debt Collection Procedure Act.

In June 2013, the Trust filed a motion to amend the lawsuits, to, among other things, (i) consolidate the lawsuits into one lawsuit, (ii) remove 47 defendants from the lawsuits, none of whom are related to us, so that there are 26 remaining defendants, including 16 corporate and partnership entities and 10 individuals, and (iii) reduce the counts within the lawsuits from over 100 down to 17.

The remaining counts in the Trust's amended complaint against our affiliates are principally state law claims for breach of fiduciary duties, waste, unlawful dividends and unjust enrichment, and claims under the Bankruptcy Code for avoidance and recovery actions, among others. The Bankruptcy Court granted the motion to amend and the amended complaint has been filed. The amended complaint seeks approximately $139.0 million in the aggregate, plus interest from the date of the alleged unlawful transfers, from director designees, portions of which are also sought from our affiliates as well as from unaffiliated defendants.

We moved to dismiss the referenced remaining actions in December 2013.

After supplemental briefing and multiple adjourned conferences, in August 2020, the Court issued a decision granting our motion to dismiss in part, dismissing 9 of the 17 counts. The Court permitted claims against director designees to proceed on theories of authorization of illegal dividends and breach of fiduciary duty. The Court permitted claims against the defendant entities, including our affiliated entities, to proceed on theories of constructive fraudulent transfer and fraudulent transfer under state and federal law. Moreover, the Court affirmatively dismissed four counts against the defendant entities to the extent they are based on distributions from certain so-called LIBOR Floor Certificates. According to the amended complaint, the total LIBOR Floor Certificate transfers

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were $74.0 million in value. As a result, with what remains of the amended complaint, total possible liability against the affiliated entities has correspondingly fallen, whereas total possible liability against the director designees remains at approximately $139.0 million.

The parties have stipulated to a schedule for discovery and we intend to vigorously defend against the remaining claims. We have not made a loss accrual for this litigation because we believe that it is not probable that a loss has been incurred and an amount cannot be reasonably estimated.

Due to Borrowers. Due to borrowers represents borrowers’ funds held by us to fund certain expenditures or to be released at our discretion upon the occurrence of certain pre-specified events, and to serve as additional collateral for borrowers’ loans. While retained, these balances earn interest in accordance with the specific loan terms they are associated with.

Note 15 — Variable Interest Entities

Our involvement with VIEs primarily affects our financial performance and cash flows through amounts recorded in interest income, interest expense, provision for loan losses and through activity associated with our derivative instruments.

Consolidated VIEs. We have determined that our operating partnership, ARLP, and our CLO entities, which we consolidate, are VIEs. ARLP is already consolidated in our financial statements, therefore, the identification of this entity as a VIE had no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Our CLO consolidated entities invest in real estate and real estate-related securities and are financed by the issuance of debt securities. We, or one of our affiliates, are named collateral manager, servicer, and special servicer for all collateral assets held in CLOs, which we believe gives us the power to direct the most significant economic activities of those entities. We also have exposure to losses to the extent of our equity interests and also have rights to waterfall payments in excess of required payments to bond investors. As a result of consolidation, equity interests have been eliminated, and the consolidated balance sheets reflect both the assets held and debt issued to third parties by the CLOs, prior to the unwind. Our operating results and cash flows include the gross asset and liability amounts related to the CLOs as opposed to our net economic interests in those entities.

The assets and liabilities related to these consolidated CLOs are as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets:
Restricted cash	$	259,829	$	188,226
Loans and investments, net		3,152,490		2,923,634
Other assets		25,710		22,587
Total assets	$	3,438,029	$	3,134,447

Liabilities:
Collateralized loan obligations	$	2,813,660	$	2,517,309
Other liabilities		3,065		2,755
Total liabilities	$	2,816,725	$	2,520,064

Assets held by the CLOs are restricted and can only be used to settle obligations of the CLOs. The liabilities of the CLOs are non-recourse to us and can only be satisfied from each respective asset pool. See Note 10 for details. We are not obligated to provide, have not provided, and do not intend to provide financial support to any of the consolidated CLOs.

Unconsolidated VIEs. We determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of 30 VIEs in which we have a variable interest as of March 31, 2021 because we do not have the ability to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact each entity’s economic performance.

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A summary of our variable interests in identified VIEs, of which we are not the primary beneficiary, as of March 31, 2021 is as follows (in thousands):


Type	Carrying Amount (1)
Loans	$	384,932
B Piece bonds		55,398
APL certificates		39,059
Equity investments		16,504
Agency interest only strips		1,055
Total	$	496,948

(1)	Represents the carrying amount of loans and investments before reserves. At March 31, 2021, $219.3 million of loans to VIEs had corresponding specific loan loss reserves of $86.9 million. The maximum loss exposure as of March 31, 2021 would not exceed the carrying amount of our investment.

These unconsolidated VIEs have exposure to real estate debt of approximately $3.88 billion at March 31, 2021.

Note 16 — Equity

Preferred Stock. The Series A, B and C preferred stock outstanding are redeemable by us.

Common Stock. In March 2021, we completed a public offering in which we sold 7,000,000 shares of our common stock for $15.48 per share and received net proceeds of $108.2 million after deducting the underwriter's discount and other offering expenses. The proceeds were used to make investments related to our business and for general corporate purposes. We also used $12.4 million of the net proceeds from this offering to purchase, in April 2021, a total of 800,000 shares of our common stock from certain executive officers of ours, ACM and an estate planning family vehicle established by our chief executive officer at the same price the underwriters paid to purchase the shares.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we sold 3,140,400 shares of our common stock for net proceeds of $50.2 million through an “At-The-Market” equity offering sales agreement with JMP Securities LLC (“JMP”).

Noncontrolling Interest. Noncontrolling interest relates to the operating partnership units (“OP Units”) issued to satisfy a portion of the purchase price in connection with the acquisition of the agency platform of ACM in 2016 (the “Acquisition”). Each of these OP Units are paired with one share of our special voting preferred shares having a par value of $0.01 per share and is entitled to one vote each on any matter submitted for stockholder approval. The OP Units are entitled to receive distributions if and when our Board of Directors authorizes and declares common stock distributions. The OP Units are also redeemable for cash, or at our option, for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. At March 31, 2021, there were 17,560,633 OP Units outstanding, which represented 11.6% of the voting power of our outstanding stock.

Distributions. Dividends declared (on a per share basis) during the three months ended March 31, 2021 are as follows:


Common Stock			Preferred Stock
				Dividend (1)
Declaration Date	Dividend		Declaration Date	Series A		Series B		Series C
February 17, 2021	$	0.33	February 1, 2021	$	0.515625	$	0.484375	$	0.53125

(1)	The dividend declared on February 1, 2021 was for December 1, 2020 through February 28, 2021.

Common Stock – On May 5, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.34 per share of common stock. The dividend is payable on June 1, 2021 to common stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 21, 2021.

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Preferred Stock – On April 30, 2021, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.515625 per share of 8.25% Series A preferred stock; a cash dividend of $0.484375 per share of 7.75% Series B preferred stock; and a cash dividend of $0.53125 per share of 8.50% Series C preferred stock. These amounts reflect dividends from March 1, 2021 through May 31, 2021 and are payable on June 1, 2021 to preferred stockholders of record on May 15, 2021.

Deferred Compensation. In March 2021, we issued 257,726 shares of restricted common stock to employees under the 2020 Amended Omnibus Stock Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) with a total grant date fair value of $4.1 million. Approximately half of the shares had one third vest as of the grant date and one third vesting on each of the first and second anniversaries of the grant date. The majority of the remaining shares had one fifth vest as of the grant date and one fifth vesting on each of the first, second, third and fourth anniversaries of the grant date. In March 2021, we also issued 27,864 shares of fully vested common stock to the independent members of the Board of Directors under the 2020 Plan with a grant date fair value of $0.4 million.

During the first quarter of 2021, 448,980 shares of performance-based restricted stock units previously granted to our chief executive officer fully vested and were net settled for 229,083 common shares.

During the first quarter of 2021, we withheld 140,744 shares from the net settlement of restricted common stock by employees for payment of withholding taxes on shares that vested.

Subsequent Event. In April 2021, we entered into a second amended and restated annual incentive agreement (the “2021 annual incentive agreement”) with our chief executive officer, effective January 1, 2021. The terms of the 2021 annual incentive agreement provide for: (1) an annual base salary of $1.2 million; (2) an annual cash payment of $0.8 million; and (3) annual performance cash bonus target opportunities of $2.9 million at target performance, $1.5 million at threshold performance and $4.4 million at maximum performance, with the opportunity to earn an additional $0.7 million annually in the event of extraordinary performance with respect to corporate capital growth goals. The 2021 annual incentive agreement also provides for: (1) a grant with a value of $3.0 million to be made in July 2021, dependent on reaching certain goals relating to the integration of the Acquisition (“Acquisition Related Grant”), which represents the last Acquisition Related Grant; and (2) at our chief executive officer’s option, to be exercised annually for the remainder of the term of the 2021 annual incentive agreement, either (i) a grant with a value of $3.0 million, which will vest in full three years from the date of the grant (“Time Based Vesting Equity Award”) or (ii) a performance based award of restricted stock (“Performance-Based TSR Equity Award”) with an annual value at grant of $12.0 million, relating to our total stockholder return objectives. The Acquisition Related Grant will vest in full on the third anniversary of the grant date. The Performance-Based TSR Equity Award will vest, in whole or in part, based on the attainment of total stockholder return goals over a five-year period.

In April 2021, our chief executive officer elected to receive the Time Based Vesting Equity Award option in connection with the 2021 annual incentive agreement; therefore, we granted our chief executive officer 184,729 shares of restricted common stock with a grant date fair value of $3.1 million that vest in full in April 2024.

Earnings Per Share. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period inclusive of unvested restricted stock with full dividend participation rights. Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, plus the additional dilutive effect of common stock equivalents during each period using the treasury stock method. Our common stock equivalents include the weighted average dilutive effect of performance-based restricted stock units granted to our chief executive officer, OP Units and convertible senior unsecured notes.

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A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of our basic and diluted EPS computations ($ in thousands, except share and per share data) is as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021				2020
	Basic		Diluted		Basic		Diluted
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders (1)	$	69,479	$	69,479	$	(59,310)	$	(59,310)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest (2)		—		9,743		—		(10,934)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and noncontrolling interest	$	69,479	$	79,222	$	(59,310)	$	(70,244)
Weighted average shares outstanding		125,235,405		125,235,405		110,792,412		110,792,412
Dilutive effect of OP Units (2)		—		17,560,633		—		20,424,787
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units (3)		—		912,545		—		—
Dilutive effect of convertible notes (4)		—		249,850		—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding		125,235,405		143,958,433		110,792,412		131,217,199
Net income (loss) per common share (1)	$	0.55	$	0.55	$	(0.54)	$	(0.54)

(1)	Net of preferred stock dividends.

(2)	We consider OP Units to be common stock equivalents as the holders have voting rights, the right to distributions and the right to redeem the OP Units for the cash value of a corresponding number of shares of common stock or a corresponding number of shares of common stock, at our election.

(3)	Mr. Kaufman is granted restricted stock units annually, which vest at the end of a four-year performance period based upon our achievement of total stockholder return objectives.

(4)	The convertible senior unsecured notes impact diluted earnings per share if the average price of our common stock exceeds the conversion price, as calculated in accordance with the terms of the indenture.

Note 17 — Income Taxes

As a REIT, we are generally not subject to U.S. federal income tax to the extent of our distributions to stockholders and as long as certain asset, income, distribution, ownership and administrative tests are met. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must annually distribute at least 90% of our REIT-taxable income to our stockholders and meet certain other requirements. We may also be subject to certain state, local and franchise taxes. Under certain circumstances, federal income and excise taxes may be due on our undistributed taxable income. If we were to fail to meet these requirements, we would be subject to U.S. federal income tax, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and amounts available for distributions to our stockholders. We believe that all of the criteria to maintain our REIT qualification have been met for the applicable periods, but there can be no assurance that these criteria will continue to be met in subsequent periods.

The Agency Business is operated through our TRS Consolidated Group and is subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes. In general, our TRS entities may hold assets that the REIT cannot hold directly and may engage in real estate or non-real estate-related business.

In the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded a tax provision of $12.5 million and a tax benefit of $14.4 million, respectively. The tax provision recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2021 consisted of a current tax provision of $8.0 million and a deferred tax provision of $4.5 million. The tax benefit recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted of a current tax provision of $5.5 million and a deferred tax benefit of $19.9 million.

Current and deferred taxes are primarily recorded on the portion of earnings (losses) recognized by us with respect to our interest in the TRS’s. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are calculated based on temporary differences between our U.S. GAAP consolidated financial statements and the federal, state, local tax basis of assets and liabilities as of the consolidated balance sheets.

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Note 18 — Agreements and Transactions with Related Parties

Support Agreement and Employee Secondment Agreement. We have a support agreement and a secondment agreement with ACM and certain of its affiliates and certain affiliates of a relative of our chief executive officer (“Service Recipients”) where we provide support services to the Service Recipients. The Service Recipients reimburse us for the costs of performing such services. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we incurred $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, of costs for services provided to the Service Recipients, all of which were reimbursed to us and included in due from related party on the consolidated balance sheets.

Other Related Party Transactions. Due from related party was $19.7 million and $12.4 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, which consisted primarily of amounts due from our affiliated servicing operations related to real estate transactions closing at the end of the quarter and amounts due from ACM for costs incurred in connection with the shared services agreement described above.

Due to related party was $1.6 million and $2.4 million at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and consisted of loan payoffs, holdbacks and escrows to be remitted to our affiliated servicing operations related to real estate transactions.

In March 2021, we originated a $63.4 million bridge loan to a third-party to purchase a multifamily property from a multifamily-focused commercial real estate investment fund sponsored and managed by our chief executive officer and one of his immediate family members, which has no continued involvement after the purchase. The loan has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 3.75% with a LIBOR floor of 0.25% and matures in March 2024. Interest income recorded from this loan was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

In December 2020, we committed to fund a $32.5 million bridge loan and made a $3.5 million preferred equity investment in a SFR build-to-rent construction project. An entity owned by an immediate family member of our chief executive officer also made an equity investment in the project and owns a 21.8% equity interest in the borrowing entity. The bridge loan, which was not funded as of March 31, 2021, has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5.50% with a LIBOR floor of 0.75% and matures in October 2023 and the preferred equity investment has a fixed rate of 12% and matures in October 2023. Interest income recorded from the preferred equity investment was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

In October 2020, we committed to fund a $30.5 million bridge loan and made a $4.6 million preferred equity investment in a SFR build-to-rent construction project. ACM and an entity owned by an immediate family member of our chief executive officer also made equity investments in the project and own an 18.9% equity interest in the borrowing entity. The bridge loan, which was not funded as of March 31, 2021, has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5.50% with a LIBOR floor of 0.75% and matures in May 2023 and the preferred equity investment has a fixed rate of 12% and matures in April 2023. Interest income recorded from the preferred equity investment was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

We have a $35.0 million bridge loan and a $7.8 million preferred equity interest on an office building in New York City. The property is controlled by a third party and, beginning in June 2020, its day-to-day operations are managed by an entity owned by an immediate family member of our chief executive officer, which is entitled to an annual fee of $0.3 million and a 33% equity participation interest.

In certain instances, our business requires our executives to charter privately owned aircraft in furtherance of our business. In 2019, we entered into an aircraft time-sharing agreement with an entity controlled by our chief executive officer that owns private aircraft. Pursuant to the agreement, we reimburse the aircraft owner for the required costs under Federal Aviation Administration regulations for the flights our executives' charter. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we reimbursed the aircraft owner $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, for the flights chartered by our executives pursuant the agreement.

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In 2019, we, along with ACM, certain executives of ours and a consortium of independent outside investors, formed AMAC Holdings III LLC (“AMAC III”), a multifamily-focused commercial real estate investment fund sponsored and managed by our chief executive officer and one of his immediate family members. We committed to a $30.0 million investment (of which $15.7 million was funded as of March 31, 2021) for an 18% interest in AMAC III. During both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the loss recorded from this investment was de minimis. In July 2019, AMAC III originated a $7.0 million mezzanine loan to a borrower with which we have an outstanding $34.0 million bridge loan. In June 2020, for full satisfaction of the mezzanine loan, AMAC III became the owner of the property. In August 2020, the $34.0 million bridge loan was refinanced with a $35.3 million bridge loan, which bears interest at a rate of 350 basis points over LIBOR and matures in August 2022. We also originated a $15.6 million Private Label loan in December 2019 to a borrower which is 100% owned by AMAC III, which bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.735% and matures in January 2030. In May 2020, we sold the Private Label loan to an unconsolidated affiliate of ours. Interest income recorded from these loans totaled $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In 2018, we originated a $37.5 million bridge loan, which was used to purchase several multifamily properties. In 2019, an entity owned, in part, by an immediate family member of our chief executive officer, purchased a 23.9% interest in the borrowing entity. The loan had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.25% with a LIBOR floor of 2.375% and was scheduled to mature in October 2020. In May 2020, the borrower repaid this loan in full. Interest income recorded from this loan was $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In 2018, we acquired a $19.5 million bridge loan originated by ACM. The loan was used to purchase several multifamily properties by a consortium of investors (which includes, among other unaffiliated investors, certain of our officers and our chief executive officer) which owns 85% of the borrowing entity. The loan had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.0% with a LIBOR floor of 2.125% and was scheduled to mature in July 2021. In January 2021, the borrower repaid this loan in full. Interest income recorded from this loan was $0.3 million for the three months ended 2020.

In 2018, we originated a $17.7 million bridge loan to an entity owned, in part, by an immediate family member of our chief executive officer, who owns a 10.8% interest in the borrowing entity. The loan was used to purchase several undeveloped parcels of land. The loan has a fixed interest rate of 10% and was scheduled to mature in February 2020. In September 2019, the borrower made a partial paydown of principal totaling $4.7 million and the remaining balance was paid off in January 2020. Interest income recorded from this loan was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In 2018, we originated a $21.7 million bridge loan on a multifamily property owned in part by a consortium of investors (which includes, among other unaffiliated investors, certain of our officers and our chief executive officer) which owns 75% in the borrowing entity. The loan has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.75% with a LIBOR floor of 1.25% and matures in June 2021. Interest income recorded from this loan was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In 2018, we acquired a $9.4 million bridge loan originated by ACM. The loan was used to purchase several multifamily properties by a consortium of investors (which includes, among other unaffiliated investors, certain of our officers and our chief executive officer) which owns 75% of the borrowing entity. The loan has an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5.0% with a LIBOR floor of 1.25% and was scheduled to mature in January 2021. In January 2021, the maturity date of this loan was extended to January 2022. Interest income recorded from this loan was $0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

In 2017, we originated two bridge loans totaling $28.0 million on two multifamily properties owned in part by a consortium of investors (which includes, among other unaffiliated investors, certain of our officers and our chief executive officer) which owns 45% of the borrowing entity. The loans had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 5.25% with LIBOR floors ranging from 1.24% to 1.54% and were scheduled to mature in the fourth quarter of 2020. The borrower refinanced these loans with a $31.1 million bridge loan we originated in 2019 with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.0%, a LIBOR floor of 1.80% and a maturity date in October 2021. Interest income recorded from these loans totaled $0.5 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

In 2017, we originated a $46.9 million Fannie Mae loan on a multifamily property owned in part by a consortium of investors (which includes, among other unaffiliated investors, certain of our officers) which owns a 17.6% interest in the borrowing entity. We carry a maximum loss-sharing obligation with Fannie Mae on this loan of up to 5% of the original UPB. Servicing revenue recorded from this loan was less than $0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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In 2017, Ginkgo Investment Company LLC (“Ginkgo”), of which one of our directors is a 33% managing member, purchased a multifamily apartment complex which assumed an existing $8.3 million Fannie Mae loan that we service. Ginkgo subsequently sold the majority of its interest in this property and owned a 3.6% interest at March 31, 2021. We carry a maximum loss-sharing obligation with Fannie Mae on this loan of up to 20% of the original UPB. Upon the sale, we received a 1% loan assumption fee which was governed by existing loan agreements that were in place when the loan was originated in 2015, prior to such purchase. Servicing revenue recorded from this loan was less than $0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

In 2016, we originated $48.0 million of bridge loans on six multifamily properties owned in part by a consortium of investors (which includes, among other unaffiliated investors, certain of our officers and our chief executive officer) which owns interests ranging from 10.5% to 12.0% in the borrowing entities. The loans had an interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.5% with a LIBOR floor of 0.25% and were scheduled to mature in September 2019. In 2017, a $6.8 million loan on one property paid off in full and in 2018 four additional loans totaling $28.3 million paid off in full. In January 2019, $10.9 million of the $12.9 million remaining bridge loan paid off, with the $2.0 million remaining UPB converting to a mezzanine loan with a fixed interest rate of 10.0% and a January 2024 maturity. Interest income recorded from the remaining mezzanine loan was $0.1 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2021.

In March 2020, we originated a $14.8 million Private Label loan and a $3.4 million mezzanine loan on two multifamily properties owned in part by a consortium of investors (which includes, among other unaffiliated investors, certain of our officers and our chief executive officer) which owns a 50% interest in the borrowing entity. The Private Label loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.1% and the mezzanine loan bears interest at a fixed rate of 9.0% and both loans mature in April 2030. In May 2020, we sold the Private Label loan to an unconsolidated affiliate of ours. Interest income recorded from these loans totaled $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In 2015, we invested $9.6 million for 50% of ACM's indirect interest in a joint venture with a third party that was formed to invest in a residential mortgage banking business. As a result of this transaction, we had an initial indirect interest of 22.5% in this entity. In January 2021, an equity investor in the underlying residential mortgage banking business exercised their right to purchase an additional interest in this investment, which decreased our indirect interest to 12.3%. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded income of $22.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively, to income from equity affiliates in our consolidated statements of operations. We also received cash distributions totaling $13.1 million from this equity investment, which were classified as returns of capital, during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

We, along with an executive officer of ours and a consortium of independent outside investors, hold equity investments in a portfolio of multifamily properties referred to as the “Lexford” portfolio, which is managed by an entity owned primarily by a consortium of affiliated investors, including our chief executive officer and an executive officer of ours. Based on the terms of the management contract, the management company is entitled to 4.75% of gross revenues of the underlying properties, along with the potential to share in the proceeds of a sale or restructuring of the debt. In June 2018, the owners of Lexford restructured part of its debt and we originated twelve bridge loans totaling $280.5 million, which were used to repay in full certain existing mortgage debt and to renovate 72 multifamily properties included in the portfolio. The loans were originated in June 2018, had interest rates of LIBOR plus 4.0% and were scheduled to mature in June 2021. During 2019, the borrower made payoffs and partial paydowns of principal totaling $250.0 million and in March 2020, the remaining balance of the loans were refinanced with a $34.6 million Private Label loan, which bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.30% and matures in March 2030. In May 2020, we sold the Private Label loan to an unconsolidated affiliate of ours. Interest income recorded from these loans totaled $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Further, as part of this June 2018 restructuring, $50.0 million in unsecured financing was provided by an unsecured lender to certain parent entities of the property owners. ACM owns slightly less than half of the unsecured lender entity and, therefore, provided slightly less than half of the unsecured lender financing. In addition, in connection with our equity investment, we received a distribution of $1.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2020, which was recorded as income from equity affiliates. Separate from the loans we originated in June 2018, we provide limited (“bad boy”) guarantees for certain other debt controlled by Lexford. The bad boy guarantees may become a liability for us upon standard “bad” acts such as fraud or a material misrepresentation by Lexford or us. At March 31, 2021, this debt had an aggregate outstanding balance of $610.9 million and is scheduled to mature between 2021 and 2029.

Several of our executives, including our chief financial officer, senior counsel and our chairman, chief executive officer and president, hold similar positions for ACM. Our chief executive officer and his affiliated entities (“the Kaufman Entities”) together beneficially own approximately 35% of the outstanding membership interests of ACM and certain of our employees and directors also hold an ownership interest in ACM. Furthermore, one of our directors serves as the trustee and co-trustee of two of the Kaufman Entities that

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021

hold membership interests in ACM. Upon the closing of the Acquisition in 2016, we issued OP Units, each paired with one share of our special voting preferred shares. At March 31, 2021, ACM holds 3,528,083 shares of our common stock and 11,901,068 OP Units, which represents 10.2% of the voting power of our outstanding stock. Our Board of Directors approved a resolution under our charter allowing our chief executive officer and ACM, (which our chief executive officer has a controlling equity interest in), to own more than the 5% ownership interest limit of our common stock as stated in our amended charter.

Note 19 — Segment Information

The summarized statements of operations and balance sheet data, as well as certain other data, by segment are included in the following tables ($ in thousands). Specifically identifiable costs are recorded directly to each business segment. For items not specifically identifiable, costs have been allocated between the business segments using the most meaningful allocation methodologies, which was predominately direct labor costs (i.e., time spent working on each business segment). Such costs include, but are not limited to, compensation and employee related costs, selling and administrative expenses and stock-based compensation.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Structured		Agency		Other /
	Business		Business		Eliminations (1)		Consolidated
Interest income	$	83,210	$	7,934	$	—	$	91,144
Interest expense		38,224		3,960		—		42,184
Net interest income		44,986		3,974		—		48,960
Other revenue:
Gain on sales, including fee-based services, net		—		28,867		—		28,867
Mortgage servicing rights		—		36,936		—		36,936
Servicing revenue		—		29,740		—		29,740
Amortization of MSRs		—		(14,204)		—		(14,204)
Loss on derivative instruments, net		—		(3,220)		—		(3,220)
Other income, net		681		—		—		681
Total other revenue		681		78,119		—		78,800
Other expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits		11,577		31,397		—		42,974
Selling and administrative		4,513		6,305		—		10,818
Property operating expenses		143		—		—		143
Depreciation and amortization		582		1,173		—		1,755
Provision for loss sharing (net of recoveries)		—		1,652		—		1,652
Provision for credit losses (net of recoveries)		(1,029)		(46)		—		(1,075)
Total other expenses		15,786		40,481		—		56,267
Income before extinguishment of debt, sale of real estate, income from equity affiliates and income taxes		29,881		41,612		—		71,493
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,370)		—		—		(1,370)
Gain on sale of real estate		—		1,228		—		1,228
Income from equity affiliates		22,251		—		—		22,251
Provision for income taxes		(4,983)		(7,509)		—		(12,492)
Net income		45,779		35,331		—		81,110
Preferred stock dividends		1,888		—		—		1,888
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest		—		—		9,743		9,743
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	43,891	$	35,331	$	(9,743)	$	69,479

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Structured		Agency		Other /
	Business		Business		Eliminations (1)		Consolidated
Interest income	$	78,477	$	10,049	$	—	$	88,526
Interest expense		43,399		6,583		—		49,982
Net interest income		35,078		3,466		—		38,544
Other revenue:
Gain on sales, including fee-based services, net		—		14,305		—		14,305
Mortgage servicing rights		—		21,934		—		21,934
Servicing revenue		—		25,124		—		25,124
Amortization of MSRs		—		(11,822)		—		(11,822)
Property operating income		2,192		—		—		2,192
Loss on derivative instruments, net		(3,000)		(47,731)		—		(50,731)
Other income, net		1,303		—		—		1,303
Total other revenue		495		1,810		—		2,305
Other expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits		10,846		23,406		—		34,252
Selling and administrative		4,450		6,602		—		11,052
Property operating expenses		2,443		—		—		2,443
Depreciation and amortization		620		1,327		—		1,947
Provision for loss sharing (net of recoveries)		—		21,537		—		21,537
Provision for credit losses (net of recoveries)		53,890		492		—		54,382
Total other expenses		72,249		53,364		—		125,613
Loss before extinguishment of debt, income from equity affiliates and income taxes		(36,676)		(48,088)		—		(84,764)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,954)		—		—		(1,954)
Income from equity affiliates		3,992		—		—		3,992
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(83)		14,453		—		14,370
Net loss		(34,721)		(33,635)		—		(68,356)
Preferred stock dividends		1,888		—		—		1,888
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		—		—		(10,934)		(10,934)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(36,609)	$	(33,635)	$	10,934	$	(59,310)

(1)	Includes income allocated to the noncontrolling interest holders not allocated to the two reportable segments.

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021


	March 31, 2021
	Structured Business		Agency Business		Consolidated
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	66,981	$	193,247	$	260,228
Restricted cash		259,830		12,209		272,039
Loans and investments, net		6,070,337		—		6,070,337
Loans held-for-sale, net		—		613,542		613,542
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net		—		406,980		406,980
Securities held-to-maturity, net		—		92,860		92,860
Investments in equity affiliates		104,406		—		104,406
Goodwill and other intangible assets		12,500		91,778		104,278
Other assets		140,187		66,002		206,189
Total assets	$	6,654,241	$	1,476,618	$	8,130,859

Liabilities:
Debt obligations	$	5,564,919	$	538,323	$	6,103,242
Allowance for loss-sharing obligations		—		65,893		65,893
Other liabilities		184,476		106,556		291,032
Total liabilities	$	5,749,395	$	710,772	$	6,460,167


	December 31, 2020
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	172,568	$	166,960	$	339,528
Restricted cash		188,226		9,244		197,470
Loans and investments, net		5,285,868		—		5,285,868
Loans held-for-sale, net		—		986,919		986,919
Capitalized mortgage servicing rights, net		—		379,974		379,974
Securities held-to-maturity, net		—		95,524		95,524
Investments in equity affiliates		74,274		—		74,274
Goodwill and other intangible assets		12,500		92,951		105,451
Other assets		142,844		53,134		195,978
Total assets	$	5,876,280	$	1,784,706	$	7,660,986

Liabilities:
Debt obligations	$	4,872,626	$	952,038	$	5,824,664
Allowance for loss-sharing obligations		—		64,303		64,303
Other liabilities		203,554		85,780		289,334
Total liabilities	$	5,076,180	$	1,102,121	$	6,178,301

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ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

March 31, 2021


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
Origination Data:
Structured Business
Bridge loans (1)	$	1,005,688		$	785,122
Mezzanine loans		56,000			14,175
Preferred equity investments		—			23,500
Other loans (2)		26,238			33,432
Total new loan originations	$	1,087,926		$	856,229
(1) The three months ended March 31, 2021 includes 18 SFR loans with a UPB of $43.3 million. During 2021, we committed to fund three SFR build-to-rent bridge loans totaling $98.4 million.
(2) The three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 includes 1 and 7, respectively, of SFR permanent loans with a UPB of $26.2 million and $33.4 million, respectively.

Loan payoffs / paydowns	$	233,028		$	275,292

Agency Business
Origination Volumes by Investor:
Fannie Mae	$	1,063,983		$	581,973
Private Label		152,454			282,345
Freddie Mac		114,717			199,711
FHA		66,480			17,944
Total	$	1,397,634		$	1,081,973
Total loan commitment volume	$	1,460,135		$	1,267,219

Loan Sales Data:
Agency Business
Fannie Mae	$	1,437,366		$	754,044
Freddie Mac		274,824			179,703
FHA		66,403			23,313
SFR - Fixed Rate		63,298			—
Total	$	1,841,891		$	957,060
Sales margin (fee-based services as a % of loan sales)		1.57	%		1.49	%
MSR rate (MSR income as a % of loan commitments)		2.53	%		1.73	%


	March 31, 2021
			Wtd. Avg. Servicing	Wtd. Avg. Life of
	UPB of Servicing		Fee Rate	Servicing Portfolio
Key Servicing Metrics for Agency Business:	Portfolio		(basis points)	(in years)
Fannie Mae	$	19,073,504	52.8	8.3
Freddie Mac		4,795,228	28.3	9.8
FHA		796,133	16.0	20.7
Private Label		726,918	20.0	8.7
SFR - Fixed Rate		63,299	20.0	6.1
Total	$	25,455,082	46.0	9.0


	December 31, 2020
Fannie Mae	$	18,268,268	52.3	8.2
Freddie Mac		4,881,080	27.9	9.9
FHA		752,116	16.3	20.3
Private Label		726,992	20.0	8.7
Total	$	24,628,456	45.4	8.9

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated interim financial statements, and related notes and the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” included herein.

Overview

Through our Structured Business, we invest in a diversified portfolio of structured finance assets in the multifamily, SFR and commercial real estate markets, primarily consisting of bridge and mezzanine loans, including junior participating interests in first mortgages and preferred and direct equity. We also invest in real estate-related joint ventures and may directly acquire real property and invest in real estate-related notes and certain mortgage-related securities.

Through our Agency Business, we originate, sell and service a range of multifamily finance products through Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHA and HUD. We retain the servicing rights and asset management responsibilities on substantially all loans we originate and sell under the GSE and HUD programs. We are an approved Fannie Mae DUS lender nationally, a Freddie Mac Multifamily Conventional Loan lender, seller/servicer, in New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, a Freddie Mac affordable, manufactured housing, senior housing and SBL lender, seller/servicer, nationally and a HUD MAP and LEAN senior housing/healthcare lender nationally. We also originate and service permanent financing loans underwritten using the guidelines of our existing agency loans sold to the GSEs, which we refer to as “Private Label” loans and originate and sell finance products through CMBS programs. We pool and securitize the Private Label loans and sell certificates in the securitizations to third-party investors, while retaining the servicing rights and APL certificates of the securitization.

We conduct our operations to qualify as a REIT. A REIT is generally not subject to federal income tax on its REIT—taxable income that is distributed to its stockholders, provided that at least 90% of its REIT—taxable income is distributed and provided that certain other requirements are met.

Our operating performance is primarily driven by the following factors:

Net interest income earned on our investments. Net interest income represents the amount by which the interest income earned on our assets exceeds the interest expense incurred on our borrowings. If the yield on our assets increases or the cost of borrowings decreases, this will have a positive impact on earnings. However, if the yield earned on our assets decreases or the cost of borrowings increases, this will have a negative impact on earnings. Net interest income is also directly impacted by the size and performance of our asset portfolio. We recognize the bulk of our net interest income from our Structured Business. Additionally, we recognize net interest income from loans originated through our Agency Business, which are generally sold within 60 days of origination.

Fees and other revenues recognized from originating, selling and servicing mortgage loans through the GSE and HUD programs. Revenue recognized from the origination and sale of mortgage loans consists of gains on sale of loans (net of any direct loan origination costs incurred), commitment fees, broker fees, loan assumption fees and loan origination fees. These gains and fees are collectively referred to as gain on sales, including fee-based services, net. We record income from MSRs at the time of commitment to the borrower, which represents the fair value of the expected net future cash flows associated with the rights to service mortgage loans that we originate, with the recognition of a corresponding asset upon sale. We also record servicing revenue which consists of fees received for servicing mortgage loans, net of amortization on the MSR assets recorded. Although we have long-established relationships with the GSE and HUD agencies, our operating performance would be negatively impacted if our business relationships with these agencies deteriorate. Additionally, we also recognize revenue from originating, selling and servicing our Private Label loans.

Income earned from our structured transactions. Our structured transactions are primarily comprised of investments in equity affiliates, which represent unconsolidated joint venture investments formed to acquire, develop and/or sell real estate-related assets. Operating results from these investments can be difficult to predict and can vary significantly period-to-period. If interest rates were to rise, it is likely that income from these investments would be significantly and negatively impacted, particularly from our investment in a residential mortgage banking business, since rising interest rates generally decrease the demand for residential real estate loans and the number of loan originations. In addition, we periodically receive distributions from our equity investments. It is difficult to forecast the timing of such payments, which can be substantial in any given quarter. We account for structured transactions within our Structured Business.

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Credit quality of our loans and investments, including our servicing portfolio. Effective portfolio management is essential to maximize the performance and value of our loan and investment and servicing portfolios. Maintaining the credit quality of the loans in our portfolios is of critical importance. Loans that do not perform in accordance with their terms may have a negative impact on earnings and liquidity.

COVID-19 Impact. The global outbreak of COVID-19 that began in early 2020, has forced many countries, including the U.S., to declare national emergencies, to institute “stay-at-home” orders, to close financial markets and to restrict operations of non-essential businesses. Such actions have created significant disruptions in global supply chains, and adversely impacted many industries. COVID-19 could have a continued and prolonged adverse impact on economic and market conditions, which could continue a period of global economic slowdown. Although we have not been significantly impacted by COVID-19 to-date, the impact of COVID-19 on companies continues to evolve, and the extent and duration of the economic fallout from this pandemic, both globally and to our business, remain unclear and present risk with respect to our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and ability to pay distributions.

Significant Developments During the First Quarter of 2021

Capital Markets Activity. We raised approximately $158.0 million of capital through a public offering of our common stock and an “At-The-Market” equity offering sales agreement.

Financing Activity.

●

We closed our fourteenth collateralized securitization vehicle (CLO XIV) totaling $785.0 million of real estate related assets and cash, of which $655.5 million of investment grade notes were issued to third party investors and $68.7 million of below investment-grade notes and a $60.8 million equity interest in the portfolio were retained by us;

●	We completed the unwind of CLO IX, redeeming $356.2 million of outstanding notes which were repaid primarily from refinancing the remaining assets within our existing financing facilities (including CLO XIV) and cash held by CLO IX; and

●	We increased the capacity of the debt facilities in our Structured Business by more than $325.0 million through new agreements and by increasing the capacity of existing facilities.

Agency Business Activity.

●	Loan originations and sales totaled $1.40 billion and $1.84 billion, respectively; and

●	Our fee-based servicing portfolio grew 3.4% to $25.46 billion.

Structured Business Activity.

●	Our Structured loan and investment portfolio grew 14.4% to $6.26 billion on loan originations totaling $1.09 billion, partially offset by loan runoff of $233.0 million; and

●	We recorded income of $22.5 million and received a $13.1 million cash distribution from our residential mortgage business joint venture.

Dividend. We raised our quarterly common dividend to $0.34 per share, our fourth consecutive quarterly increase.

Subsequent Event. In April 2021, we issued $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.00% senior unsecured notes due in 2026 in a private offering.

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Current Market Conditions, Risks and Recent Trends

As discussed throughout this report, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the global economy in unprecedented ways, swiftly halting activity across many industries, and continuing to cause significant disruption and liquidity constraints in many market segments, including the financial services, real estate and credit markets. The impact of COVID-19 on companies continues to evolve, and the extent and duration of the economic fallout from this pandemic remains unclear. COVID-19 could have a continued and prolonged adverse impact on economic and market conditions, which could continue a period of global economic slowdown. Although we have not been significantly impacted by COVID-19 to-date, adverse economic conditions have resulted, and may continue to result, in declining real estate values, increased payment delinquencies and defaults and increased loan modifications and foreclosures, all of which could have a significant impact on our future results of operations, financial condition, business prospects and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

The pandemic has caused a dislocation in the capital markets resulting in a reduction of available liquidity. Many commercial mortgage REITs have suffered, and continue to suffer, from the reduction in available liquidity since access to capital is critical to grow their business. Despite this reduction in liquidity, we continue to raise capital through various vehicles to grow our business.

Our Agency Business requires limited capital to grow, as originations are financed through warehouse facilities for generally up to 60 days before the loans are sold, therefore this lack of liquidity has not and should not, impact our ability to grow this business. However, our Structured Business is more reliant on the capital markets to grow, and therefore, a lack of liquidity for a prolonged period of time could limit our ability to grow this business. In our Structured Business, 83% of our portfolio is in multifamily assets with most of these loans containing interest reserves and/or replenishment obligations by our borrowers.

The federal government, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have made certain forbearance and non-eviction programs available to borrowers and tenants should they need to counteract any short-term pressure on their properties from COVID-19 and its impact on the economy. For borrowers, in order to qualify for a forbearance, they need to demonstrate they have been adversely affected by the pandemic and their ability to make their loan payments has been impacted. All loan and rent payments that are suspended remain the obligations of the borrowers and tenants.

As of March 31, 2021, our Agency Business had approved forbearances related to approximately 0.3% of our $19.07 billion Fannie Mae DUS portfolio and approximately 5.3% of our $4.80 billion Freddie Mac portfolio. We are closely monitoring and managing the requests for forbearances and there could potentially be additional economic stress during the remainder of 2021.

Interest rates continue to remain at historically low levels. While lower interest rates generally have a positive impact on origination volume as borrowers look to refinance loans to take advantage of lower rates, our net interest income may be negatively impacted as higher yielding loans are paid off and replaced with lower yielding loans. However, we are somewhat insulated from decreasing interest rates, since a large portion of our structured loan portfolio has LIBOR floors, which could increase our net interest income in the future if rates remain at these historically low levels. Conversely, if interest rates were to rise, it could negatively impact our net interest income. An increase in rates would cause an increase in interest expense as most of our debt is variable. However, since a large portion of our structured loan portfolio has LIBOR floors that are in the money, any increase in interest income due to rising interest rates is not likely to be as substantial as the corresponding increase in interest expense.

We are a national originator with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the GSEs remain the most significant providers of capital to the multifamily market. In November 2020, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) released the 2020 Scorecard which established Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s loan origination caps at $70 billion each, for a combined total opportunity of $140 billion, and will run for a four-quarter period through the end of 2021. The new caps apply to all multifamily business, have no exclusions and mandate that 50% be directed towards mission driven, affordable housing. Our originations with the GSEs are highly profitable executions as they provide significant gains from the sale of our loans, non-cash gains related to MSRs and servicing revenues. Therefore, a decline in our GSE originations could negatively impact our financial results. We are unsure whether the FHFA will impose stricter limitations on GSE multifamily production volume in the future.

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Changes in Financial Condition

Assets — Comparison of balances at March 31, 2021 to December 31, 2020:

Our Structured loan and investment portfolio balance was $6.26 billion and $5.48 billion at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. This increase was primarily due to loan originations exceeding loan payoffs and paydowns by $854.9 million. See below for details.

Our portfolio had a weighted average current interest pay rate of 5.06% and 5.23% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Including certain fees earned and costs associated with the structured portfolio, the weighted average current interest rate was 5.64% and 5.80% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Advances on our financing facilities totaled $5.62 billion and $4.92 billion at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, with a weighted average funding cost of 2.52% and 2.64%, respectively, which excludes financing costs. Including financing costs, the weighted average funding rate was 2.90% and 3.03% at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Activity from our Structured Business portfolio is comprised of the following ($ in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021
Loans originated (1)	$	1,087,926
Number of loans		55
Weighted average interest rate		4.82	%

(1) We committed to fund three SFR build-to-rent bridge loans totaling $98.4 million.

Loans paid-off / paid-down	$	233,028
Number of loans		19
Weighted average interest rate		6.23	%

Loans extended	$	223,948
Number of loans		17

Loans held-for-sale from the Agency Business decreased $373.4 million, primarily from loan sales exceeding originations by $444.3 million as noted in the following table (in thousands). Loan sales include $63.3 million of fixed rate SFR permanent loans transferred to held-for-sale during the first quarter of 2021, see Note 3 and 4 for details. Our GSE loans are generally sold within 60 days, while our Private Label loans are generally expected to be sold and securitized within 180 days from the loan origination date.


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021
	Loan
	Originations		Loan Sales
Fannie Mae	$	1,063,983	$	1,437,366
Private Label		152,454		—
Freddie Mac		114,717		274,824
FHA		66,480		66,403
SFR - Fixed Rate		—		63,298
Total	$	1,397,634	$	1,841,891

Capitalized mortgage servicing rights increased $27.0 million, primarily due to MSRs recorded on new loan originations, partially offset by amortization and write-offs. Our capitalized mortgage servicing rights represent the estimated value of our rights to service mortgage loans for others. At March 31, 2021, the weighted average estimated life remaining of our MSRs was 8.7 years.

Investments in equity affiliates increased $30.1 million, primarily due to a $17.0 million funded investment in a new joint venture which invested in an apartment community and income from our investment in a residential mortgage banking business of $22.5 million, partially offset by a $13.1 million cash distribution received from the same investment.

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Liabilities – Comparison of balances at March 31, 2021 to December 31, 2020:

Collateralized loan obligations increased $296.4 million, primarily due to the issuance of a new CLO, where we issued $655.5 million of notes to third party investors, partially offset by the unwind of a CLO totaling $356.2 million.

Equity

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we sold 10,140,400 shares of our common stock through a public offering and our “At-The-Market” agreement, raising net proceeds totaling $158.4 million. We used $12.4 million of the net proceeds from the public offering to purchase, in April 2021, a total of 800,000 shares of our common stock from certain executive officers of ours, ACM and an estate planning family vehicle established by our chief executive officer at the same price the underwriters paid to purchase the shares.

Distributions – Dividends declared (on a per share basis) for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are as follows:


Common Stock			Preferred Stock
					Dividend (1)
Declaration Date	Dividend		Declaration Date		Series A		Series B		Series C
February 17, 2021	$	0.33		February 1, 2021	$	0.515625	$	0.484375	$	0.53125

(1)	The dividend declared on February 1, 2021 was for December 1, 2020 through February 28, 2021.

Deferred Compensation

During the first quarter of 2021, we issued 257,726 shares of restricted common stock to our employees and 27,864 shares of common stock to the independent members of the Board of Directors. We also withheld 140,744 shares of restricted common stock from employees to net settle and pay withholding taxes on shares that vested. Additionally, 448,980 shares of performance-based restricted stock units previously granted to our chief executive officer fully vested and were net settled for 229,083 common shares. See Note 16 for details.

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Agency Servicing Portfolio

The following table sets forth the characteristics of our loan servicing portfolio collateralizing our mortgage servicing rights and servicing revenue ($ in thousands):


	March 31, 2021
				Wtd. Avg.	Wtd. Avg.							Annualized
	Servicing			Age of	Portfolio							Prepayments		Delinquencies
	Portfolio		Loan	Portfolio	Maturity	Interest Rate Type				Wtd. Avg.		as a Percentage		as a Percentage
Product	UPB		Count	(in years)	(in years)	Fixed		Adjustable		Note Rate		of Portfolio (1)		of Portfolio (2)
Fannie Mae	$	19,073,504	2,808	2.9	8.9	97	%	3	%	4.08	%	3.62	%	0.40	%
Freddie Mac		4,795,228	1,381	2.7	11.5	87	%	13	%	3.97	%	14.45	%	0.54	%
FHA		796,133	85	2.9	33.1	100	%	—	%	3.31	%	17.18	%	—	%
Private Label		726,918	40	1.3	8.9	100	%	—	%	3.81	%	—	%	—	%
SFR - Fixed Rate		63,299	20	1.3	6.2	100	%	—	%	4.93	%	—	%	—	%
Total	$	25,455,082	4,334	2.8	10.1	95	%	5	%	4.03	%	5.97	%	0.41	%


	December 31, 2020
Fannie Mae	$	18,268,268	2,712	2.8	9.0	97	%	3	%	4.12	%	6.40	%	0.33	%
Freddie Mac		4,881,080	1,413	2.6	11.7	88	%	12	%	3.99	%	11.47	%	0.65	%
FHA		752,116	89	3.0	32.9	100	%	—	%	3.39	%	33.60	%	—	%
Private Label		726,992	40	1.0	9.1	100	%	—	%	3.81	%	—	%	—	%
Total	$	24,628,456	4,254	2.7	10.3	95	%	5	%	4.06	%	8.05	%	0.37	%

(1)	Prepayments reflect loans repaid prior to six months from the loan’s maturity. The majority of our loan servicing portfolio has a prepayment protection term and therefore, we may collect a prepayment fee which is included as a component of servicing revenue, net.

(2)

Delinquent loans reflect loans that are contractually 60 days or more past due. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, delinquent loans totaled $103.2 million and $91.3 million, respectively, of which $32.2 million and $19.6 million, respectively, were in the foreclosure process. No loans were in bankruptcy as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Our servicing portfolio represents commercial real estate loans originated in our Agency Business, which are generally transferred or sold within 60 days from the date the loan is funded. Primarily all of the loans in our servicing portfolio are collateralized by multifamily properties. In addition, we are generally required to share in the risk of any losses associated with loans sold under the Fannie Mae DUS program, see Note 11.

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Comparison of Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

The following table provides our consolidated operating results ($ in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Increase / (Decrease)
	2021		2020		Amount		Percent

Interest income	$	91,144	$	88,526	$	2,618	3	%
Interest expense		42,184		49,982		(7,798)	(16)	%
Net interest income		48,960		38,544		10,416	27	%
Other revenue:
Gain on sales, including fee-based services, net		28,867		14,305		14,562	102	%
Mortgage servicing rights		36,936		21,934		15,002	68	%
Servicing revenue, net		15,536		13,302		2,234	17	%
Property operating income		—		2,192		(2,192)	nm
Loss on derivative instruments, net		(3,220)		(50,731)		47,511	(94)	%
Other income, net		681		1,303		(622)	(48)	%
Total other revenue		78,800		2,305		76,495	nm
Other expenses:
Employee compensation and benefits		42,974		34,252		8,722	25	%
Selling and administrative		10,818		11,052		(234)	(2)	%
Property operating expenses		143		2,443		(2,300)	(94)	%
Depreciation and amortization		1,755		1,947		(192)	(10)	%
Provision for loss sharing (net of recoveries)		1,652		21,537		(19,885)	(92)	%
Provision for credit losses (net of recoveries)		(1,075)		54,382		(55,457)	nm
Total other expenses		56,267		125,613		(69,346)	(55)	%
Income (loss) before extinguishment of debt, sale of real estate, income from equity affiliates and income taxes		71,493		(84,764)		156,257	nm
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(1,370)		(1,954)		584	(30)	%
Gain on sale of real estate		1,228		—		1,228	nm
Income from equity affiliates		22,251		3,992		18,259	nm
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(12,492)		14,370		(26,862)	nm
Net income (loss)		81,110		(68,356)		149,466	nm
Preferred stock dividends		1,888		1,888		—	—	%
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest		9,743		(10,934)		20,677	nm
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	69,479	$	(59,310)	$	128,789	nm

nm — not meaningful

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The following table presents the average balance of our Structured Business interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, associated interest income (expense) and the corresponding weighted average yields ($ in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021						2020
	Average		Interest		W/A Yield /		Average		Interest		W/A Yield /
	Carrying		Income /		Financing		Carrying		Income /		Financing
	Value (1)		Expense		Cost (2)		Value (1)		Expense		Cost (2)
Structured Business interest-earning assets:

Bridge loans	$	5,472,765	$	73,643	5.46	%	$	4,114,038	$	64,462	6.30	%
Preferred equity investments		224,898		5,563	10.03	%		201,974		5,876	11.70	%
Mezzanine / junior participation loans		166,517		3,533	8.60	%		176,528		4,849	11.05	%
Other		28,216		322	4.63	%		86,173		1,866	11.32	%
Core interest-earning assets		5,892,397		83,061	5.72	%		4,578,713		77,053	6.77	%
Cash equivalents		283,653		149	0.21	%		443,026		1,424	1.29	%
Total interest-earning assets	$	6,176,050	$	83,210	5.46	%	$	5,021,739	$	78,477	6.29	%


Structured Business interest-bearing liabilities:

CLO	$	2,598,470	$	12,135	1.89	%	$	2,251,885	$	18,497	3.30	%
Warehouse lines		1,479,612		10,677	2.93	%		1,074,622		11,102	4.16	%
Unsecured debt		949,050		14,220	6.08	%		697,605		10,687	6.16	%
Trust preferred		154,336		1,192	3.13	%		154,336		1,834	4.78	%
Debt fund		—		—	—	%		70,000		1,279	7.35	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	5,181,467		38,224	2.99	%	$	4,248,448		43,399	4.11	%
Net interest income			$	44,986					$	35,078

(1)	Based on UPB for loans, amortized cost for securities and principal amount of debt.

(2)	Weighted average yield calculated based on annualized interest income or expense divided by average carrying value.

Net Interest Income

The increase in interest income was due to a $4.7 million increase in our Structured Business, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease in our Agency Business. The increase from our Structured Business was primarily due to an increase in our average core interest-earning assets from loan originations exceeding loan runoff, substantially offset by a decrease in the average yield on core interest-earning assets. The decrease in the average yield was due to lower rates on originations as compared to loan runoff, a decrease in the average LIBOR and lower fees on early runoff. The decrease from our Agency Business was primarily due to a decrease in the average loans held-for-sale as a result of loan sales exceeding originations.

The decrease in interest expense was due to decreases of $5.2 million from our Structured Business and $2.6 million from our Agency Business. The decrease in our Structured Business was primarily due to a decrease in the average cost of our interest-bearing liabilities, mainly from decreases in LIBOR, partially offset by an increase in the average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities, due to growth in our loan portfolio and the issuance of additional unsecured debt. The decrease in our Agency Business was primarily due to a lower average balance of our interest-bearing liabilities, due to a decrease in the average loans held-for-sale, and a lower average cost of our interest-bearing liabilities from decreases in LIBOR.

Agency Business Revenue

The increase in gain on sales, including fee-based services, net was primarily due to a 92% increase ($884.8 million) in loan sales volume and, to a lesser extent, an increase in sales margin, from higher margins on FHA and SFR – fixed rate loan sales.

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The increase in income from MSRs was primarily due to a 46% increase in the MSR rate (income from MSRs as a percentage of loan commitment volume) from 1.73% to 2.53% along with a 15% increase in loan commitment volume. The increase in the MSR rate was primarily due to an increase in the servicing fee on Fannie Mae loans.

Other Revenue

The decreases in both property operating income and expenses were due to the sale of the hotel property in September 2020.

The losses on derivative instruments in the first quarter of 2020 were primarily from our Agency Business and were predominantly from losses recognized on our Swap Futures held in connection with our Private Label loans.

Other Expenses

The increase in employee compensation and benefits expense was primarily due to an increase in commissions in our Agency Business in connection with significantly higher loan sales volume.

The decreases in provision for loss sharing and provision for credit losses were primarily due to significantly lower CECL reserves on our Agency Business and the reversal of CECL reserves in our Structured Business, both in connection with improved market conditions and expected future forecasts.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

The loss on extinguishment of debt in both periods was deferred financing fees recognized in connection with the unwind of CLOs.

Gain on Sale of Real Estate

The gain recorded in the first quarter of 2021 was from the sale of a repurchased Fannie Mae loan.

Income from Equity Affiliates

Income from equity affiliates in the first quarter of 2021 and 2020 primarily reflects income from our investment in a residential mortgage banking business of $22.5 million and $2.9 million, respectively. The increase is income from this investment was driven by historically low interest rates in 2021 and the strength in the residential housing market during COVID-19.

(Provision for) Benefit from Income Taxes

In the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded a tax provision of $12.5 million, which consisted of current and deferred tax provisions of $8.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded a tax benefit of $14.4 million, which is reflective of the net loss recognized in such period and which consisted of a deferred tax benefit of $19.9 million and a current tax provision of $5.5 million.

Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest

The noncontrolling interest relates to the outstanding OP Units issued as part of the Acquisition. There were 17,560,633 OP Units and 20,369,265 OP Units outstanding as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, which represented 11.6% and 15.6% of our outstanding stock at March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity. Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet our potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to repay borrowings, satisfaction of collateral requirements under the Fannie Mae DUS risk-sharing agreement and, as an approved designated seller/servicer of Freddie Mac's SBL program, operational liquidity requirements of the GSE agencies, fund new loans and investments, fund operating costs and distributions to our stockholders, as well as other general business needs. Our primary sources of funds for liquidity consist of proceeds from equity and debt offerings, proceeds from CLOs and securitizations, debt facilities and cash flows from operations. We closely monitor our liquidity position and believe our existing sources of funds and access to additional liquidity will be adequate to meet our liquidity needs.

We are monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on our financing sources, borrowers and their tenants, and the economy as a whole. The magnitude and duration of the pandemic, and its impact on our operations and liquidity, are uncertain and continue to evolve. To the extent that our financing sources, borrowers and their tenants continue to be impacted by the pandemic, or by the other risks disclosed in our filings with the SEC, it would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and capital resources.

We had approximately $5.62 billion in total structured debt outstanding at March 31, 2021. Of this total, approximately $3.94 billion, or 70%, does not contain mark-to-market provisions and is comprised of non-recourse CLO vehicles, senior unsecured debt and junior subordinated notes, the majority of which have maturity dates in 2022, or later. The remaining $1.68 billion of debt is in warehouse and repurchase facilities with several different banks that we have long-standing relationships with. While we expect to extend or renew all of our facilities as they mature, given the current market environment, we believe that the extension terms could be less favorable than the terms of our current facilities.

In addition to our ability to extend our warehouse and repurchase facilities, we have approximately $475 million in cash and available liquidity as well as other liquidity sources, including our $25.46 billion agency servicing portfolio, which is mostly prepayment protected and generates approximately $117.0 million a year in recurring cash flow.

At March 31, 2021, we had $72.3 million of securities financed with $31.6 million of debt that was subject to margin calls related to changes in interest spreads.

To maintain our status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT-taxable income. These distribution requirements limit our ability to retain earnings and thereby replenish or increase capital for operations. However, we believe that our capital resources and access to financing will provide us with financial flexibility and market responsiveness at levels sufficient to meet current and anticipated capital and liquidity requirements.

Cash Flows. Cash flows provided by operating activities totaled $491.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and consisted primarily of net cash inflows of $429.2 million as a result of loan sales exceeding loan originations in our Agency Business.

Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $871.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Loan and investment activity (originations and payoffs/paydowns) comprise the majority of our investing activities. Loan originations from our Structured Business totaling $1.06 billion, net of payoffs and paydowns of $234.7 million, resulted in net cash outflows of $820.6 million. We also contributed $21.0 million to equity investments, consisting primarily of $17.0 million for a new investment in an apartment community.

Cash flows provided by financing activities totaled $375.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and consisted primarily of net proceeds of $299.3 million from CLO activity and $158.4 million received from common stock issuances, partially offset by $49.2 million of distributions to our stockholders and OP Unit holders.

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Agency Business Requirements. The Agency Business is subject to supervision by certain regulatory agencies. Among other things, these agencies require us to meet certain minimum net worth, operational liquidity and restricted liquidity collateral requirements, purchase and loss obligations and compliance with reporting requirements. Our adjusted net worth and operational liquidity exceeded the agencies' requirements as of March 31, 2021. Our restricted liquidity and purchase and loss obligations were satisfied with letters of credit totaling $50.0 million and $12.2 million of cash collateral. See Note 14 for details about our performance regarding these requirements.

We also enter into contractual commitments with borrowers providing rate lock commitments while simultaneously entering into forward sale commitments with investors. These commitments are outstanding for short periods of time (generally less than 60 days) and are described in Note 12.

Debt Facilities. We maintain various forms of short-term and long-term financing arrangements. Borrowings underlying these arrangements are primarily secured by a significant amount of our loans and investments and substantially all of our loans held-for-sale. The following is a summary of our debt facilities (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021
							Maturity
Debt Instruments	Commitment (1)		UPB (2)			Available	Dates (3)
Structured Business
Credit facilities and repurchase agreements	$	2,475,011	$	1,680,249	$	794,762	2021 - 2024
Collateralized loan obligations (4)		2,831,668		2,831,668		—	2021 - 2025
Senior unsecured notes		670,750		670,750		—	2023 - 2027
Convertible senior unsecured notes		278,300		278,300		—	2021 - 2022
Junior subordinated notes		154,336		154,336		—	2034 - 2037
Structured Business total		6,410,065		5,615,303		794,762

Agency Business
Credit facilities and repurchase agreements (5)		1,801,269		540,058		1,261,211	2021 - 2022
Consolidated total	$	8,211,334	$	6,155,361	$	2,055,973

(1)	Includes temporary increases to committed amounts which have not expired as of March 31, 2021.

(2)	Excludes the impact of deferred financing costs.

(3)	See Note 14 for a breakdown of debt maturities by year.

(4)	Maturity dates represent the weighted average remaining maturity based on the underlying collateral as of March 31, 2021.

(5)	The ASAP agreement we have with Fannie Mae has no expiration date.

Our debt facilities, including their restrictive covenants, are described in Note 10.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. At March 31, 2021, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements.

Contractual Obligations. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the following significant changes were made to our contractual obligations disclosed in our 2020 Annual Report: (1) closed CLO XIV issuing $655.5 million of investment grade notes; (2) unwound CLO IX redeeming $356.2 million of outstanding notes; and (3) entered into new and modified existing debt facilities.

Refer to Note 14 for a description of our debt maturities by year and unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2021.

Derivative Financial Instruments

We enter into derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to manage the potential loss exposure caused by fluctuations of interest rates. See Note 12 for details.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Please refer to Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2020 Annual Report for a discussion of our critical accounting policies. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, there were no material changes to these policies.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Distributable Earnings. We are presenting distributable earnings because we believe it is an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and is useful to investors, analysts and other parties in the evaluation of REITs and their ability to provide dividends to stockholders. Dividends are one of the principal reasons investors invest in REITs. To maintain REIT status, REITs are required to distribute at least 90% of their REIT-taxable income. We consider distributable earnings in determining our quarterly dividend and believe that, over time, distributable earnings is a useful indicator of our dividends per share.

We define distributable earnings as net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders computed in accordance with GAAP, adjusted for accounting items such as depreciation and amortization (adjusted for unconsolidated joint ventures), non-cash stock-based compensation expense, income from MSRs, amortization and write-offs of MSRs, gains/losses on derivative instruments primarily associated with Private Label loans not yet sold and securitized, the tax impact on cumulative gains/losses on derivative instruments associated with Private Label loans sold during the periods presented, changes in fair value of GSE-related derivatives that temporarily flow through earnings, deferred tax (benefit) provision, CECL provisions for credit losses (adjusted for realized losses as described below) and amortization of the convertible senior notes conversion option. We also add back one-time charges such as acquisition costs and one-time gains/losses on the early extinguishment of debt.

We reduce distributable earnings for realized losses in the period we determine that a loan is deemed nonrecoverable in whole or in part. Loans are deemed nonrecoverable upon the earlier of: (i) when the loan receivable is settled (i.e. when the loan is repaid, or in the case of foreclosure, when the underlying asset is sold); or (ii) when we determine that it is nearly certain that all amounts due will not be collected. The realized loss amount is equal to the difference between the cash received, or expected to be received, and the book value of the asset.

Distributable earnings is not intended to be an indication of our cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) or a measure of our liquidity, nor is it entirely indicative of funding our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions. Our calculation of distributable earnings may be different from the calculations used by other companies and, therefore, comparability may be limited.

Distributable earnings is as follows ($ in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	69,479	$	(59,310)
Adjustments:
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest		9,743		(10,934)
Income from mortgage servicing rights		(36,936)		(21,934)
Deferred tax provision (benefit)		4,486		(19,904)
Amortization and write-offs of MSRs		18,032		17,741
Depreciation and amortization		2,700		2,958
Loss on extinguishment of debt		1,370		1,954
Provision for credit losses, net		(277)		75,680
Loss on derivative instruments, net		3,220		50,731
Stock-based compensation		3,330		3,517
Distributable earnings (1)	$	75,147	$	40,499
Diluted distributable earnings per share (1)	$	0.52	$	0.31
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding (1)		143,958,433		131,217,199

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(1)	Amounts are attributable to common stockholders and OP Unit holders. The OP Units are redeemable for cash, or at our option for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We disclosed a quantitative and qualitative analysis regarding market risk in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2020 Annual Report. That information is supplemented by the information included above in Item 2 of this report. Other than the developments described thereunder, there have been no material changes in our quantitative and qualitative exposure to market risk since December 31, 2020. The following table projects the potential impact on interest for a 12-month period, assuming an instantaneous increase or decrease of 10 basis points and an increase of 25 basis points in LIBOR (in thousands). Because LIBOR rates were close to zero at March 31, 2021, we have excluded the impact of a 25 basis point decrease in LIBOR.


	Assets (Liabilities)		10 Basis		10 Basis		25 Basis
	Subject to Interest		Point		Point		Point
	Rate Sensitivity (1)		Increase		Decrease		Increase

Interest income from loans and investments	$	6,263,431	$	216	$	(215)	$	1,381
Interest expense from debt obligations		(5,615,303)		3,607		(3,520)		9,529
Net interest income				(3,391)		3,305		(8,148)
Interest from cash, restricted cash and escrows (2)		1,914,168		1,914		(1,914)		4,785
Net change to interest			$	(1,477)	$	1,391	$	(3,363)

(1)	Represents the UPB of our loan portfolio and the principal balance of our debt.

(2)	The interest rates on these balances are not indexed to LIBOR, they are negotiated periodically with each corresponding bank based on certain benchmark rates.

Based on our structured loans and investments and corresponding debt as of March 31, 2021, increases in LIBOR of 0.10% and 0.25% would decrease our annual net interest income as a result of LIBOR floors on a portion of our loan portfolio that are above LIBOR as of March 31, 2021, which would limit the effect of an increase on interest income. Conversely, these LIBOR floors would reduce the impact on interest income from decreases in LIBOR, which would result in increases to net interest income.

We enter into Swap Futures to hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates inherent in (1) our Agency Business SFR – fixed rate loans from the time the loans are originated until the time they can be financed with match term fixed rate securitized debt, and (2) our held-for-sale Agency Business Private Label loans from the time the loans are rate locked until sale and securitization. Our Swap Futures are tied to the five-year and ten-year swap rates and hedge our exposure to changes in the fair value of our held-for-sale Agency Business SFR – fixed rate loans and Private Label loans until the time they are securitized. A 25 basis point and a 50 basis point increase to the five-year and ten-year swap rates on our Swap Futures held at March 31, 2021 would have resulted in a gain of $5.0 million and $9.9 million, respectively, in the three months ended March 31, 2021, while a 25 basis point and a 50 basis point decrease in the rates would have resulted in a loss of $5.2 million and $10.3 million, respectively.

Our Agency Business originates, sells and services a range of multifamily finance products with Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and HUD. Our loans held-for-sale to these agencies are not currently exposed to interest rate risk during the loan commitment, closing and delivery process. The sale or placement of each loan to an investor is negotiated prior to closing on the loan with the borrower, and the sale or placement is generally effectuated within 60 days of closing. The coupon rate for the loan is set after we establish the interest rate with the investor.

In addition, the fair value of our MSRs is subject to market risk since a significant driver of the fair value of these assets is the discount rates. A 100 basis point increase in the weighted average discount rate would decrease the fair value of our MSRs by $15.7 million as of March 31, 2021, while a 100 basis point decrease would increase the fair value by $16.7 million.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures at March 31, 2021. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2021.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us other than the litigation described in Note 14.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of our 2020 Annual Report.

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Item 6. Exhibits


Exhibit #		Description
3.1		Articles of Incorporation of Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. *

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. **

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14.

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14.

32		Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.1		Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Arbor Realty Trust, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, filed on May 7, 2021, formatted in XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

In accordance with Item 601 (b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, certain instruments with respect to long-term debt of the registrant have been omitted but will be furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

* Incorporated by reference to Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-110472), as amended, filed November 13, 2003.

** Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 of Form 8-K filed December 11, 2007.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	ARBOR REALTY TRUST, INC.


Date: May 7, 2021	By:	/s/ Ivan Kaufman
		Ivan Kaufman
		Chief Executive Officer



Date: May 7, 2021	By:	/s/ Paul Elenio
		Paul Elenio
		Chief Financial Officer