car-20210331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File No. 001-10308


Avis Budget Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

06-0918165

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

6 Sylvan Way

Parsippany,

07054

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(973)

496-4700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01	CAR	The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

☒

Accelerated Filer

☐

Non-accelerated Filer

☐

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock was 69,858,812 shares as of April 30, 2021.

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		Page
PART I	Financial Information
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 202 1 and 20 20 (Unaudited)	4
	Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 3 1 , 202 1 and December 31, 20 20 (Unaudited)	5
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31 , 202 1 and 20 20 (Unaudited)	6
	Consolidated Condensed Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 3 1 , 202 1 and 20 20 (Unaudited)	8
	Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	33
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	33
PART II	Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	34
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	34
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34
Item 6.	Exhibits	34
	Signatures	35

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be considered “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements contained herein are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our future financial performance, business strategy, projected plans and objectives. These statements may be identified by the fact that they do not relate to historical or current facts and may use words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “would,” “intends,” “projects,” “estimates,” “plans,” and similar words, expressions or phrases. The following important factors and assumptions could affect our future results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. Additionally, many of these risks and uncertainties are currently amplified by and will continue to be amplified by, or in the future may be amplified by, the Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) outbreak, and the continued restrictions that have been placed on travel in many countries as a result of the outbreak and the adverse impact on the global economy from the outbreak. These factors include, but are not limited to:

•the COVID-19 outbreak and resulting economic conditions, which had, and is expected to continue to have, a significant impact on our operations, including an unprecedented decline in demand, as well as its current, and uncertain future impact, including, but not limited to, its effect on the ability or desire of people to travel due to travel restrictions, and other restrictions and orders, which may continue to impact our results, operations, outlooks, plans, goals, growth, cash flows, liquidity, and stock price;

•the high level of competition in the mobility industry, including from new companies or technology, and the impact such competition may have on pricing and rental volume;

•a change in our fleet costs, including as a result of a change in the cost of new vehicles, manufacturer recalls, disruption in the supply of new vehicles, shortages in semiconductors used in new vehicle production, and/or a change in the price at which we dispose of used vehicles either in the used vehicle market or under repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs;

•the results of operations or financial condition of the manufacturers of our vehicles, which could impact their ability to perform their payment obligations under our agreements with them, including repurchase and/or guaranteed depreciation arrangements, and/or their willingness or ability to make vehicles available to us or the mobility industry as a whole on commercially reasonable terms or at all particularly when COVID-19 related restrictions are lifted and travel demand increases;

•the significant decline in travel demand as a result of COVID-19, including the current and any future disruptions in airline passenger traffic;

•the absence of an improvement in, or further deterioration of, economic conditions, particularly during our peak season or in key market segments;

•an occurrence or threat of terrorism, the current and any future pandemic diseases, natural disasters, military conflict, civil unrest or political instability in the locations in which we operate;

•any substantial changes in the cost or supply of fuel, vehicle parts, energy, labor or other resources on which we depend to operate our business including the current and any future impacts as a result of COVID-19;

•our ability to continue to successfully implement our business strategies, achieve and maintain cost savings and adapt our business to changes in mobility;

•political, economic or commercial instability in the countries in which we operate, and our ability to conform to multiple and conflicting laws or regulations in those countries;

•our dependence on third-party distribution channels, third-party suppliers of other services and co-marketing arrangements with third parties;

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•our dependence on the performance and retention of our senior management and key employees;

•risks related to completed or future acquisitions or investments that we may pursue, including the incurrence of incremental indebtedness to help fund such transactions and our ability to promptly and effectively integrate any acquired businesses or capitalize on joint ventures, partnerships and other investments;

•our ability to utilize derivative instruments, and the impact of derivative instruments we utilize, which can be affected by fluctuations in interest rates, gasoline prices and exchange rates, changes in government regulations and other factors;

•our exposure to uninsured or unpaid claims in excess of historical levels and our ability to obtain insurance at desired levels and the cost of that insurance;

•risks associated with litigation, governmental or regulatory inquiries, or any failure or inability to comply with laws, regulations or contractual obligations or any changes in laws, regulations or contractual obligations, including with respect to personally identifiable information and consumer privacy, labor and employment, and tax;

•risks related to protecting the integrity of, and preventing unauthorized access to, our information technology systems or those of our third-party vendors, and protecting the confidential information of our employees and customers against security breaches, including physical or cybersecurity breaches, attacks, or other disruptions, and compliance with privacy and data protection regulation;

•any impact on us from the actions of our licensees, dealers, third-party vendors and independent operators and independent contractors and/or disputes that may arise out of our agreements with such parties;

•any major disruptions in our communication networks or information systems;

•risks related to tax obligations and the effect of future changes in tax laws and accounting standards;

•risks related to our indebtedness, including our substantial outstanding debt obligations, potential interest rate increases, recent and potential further downgrades by rating agencies and our ability to incur substantially more debt;

•our ability to obtain financing for our global operations, including the funding of our vehicle fleet through the issuance of asset-backed securities and use of the global lending markets;

•our ability to meet the financial and other covenants contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness, or to obtain a waiver or amendment of such covenants should we be unable to meet such covenants;

•our ability to accurately estimate our future results;

•failure to achieve our business plans, a further deterioration in general economic conditions of the countries in which we operate, or significant changes in the assumptions and estimates that are used in our impairment testing for goodwill or intangible assets, which could result in a significant impairment of our goodwill; and

•other business, economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, political or technological factors affecting our operations, pricing or services.

We operate in a continuously changing business environment and new risk factors emerge from time to time. New risk factors, factors beyond our control, or changes in the impact of identified risk factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statements. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results. Moreover, we do not assume responsibility for the

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accuracy and completeness of those statements. Other factors and assumptions not identified above, including those discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in Item 2 and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and in similarly titled sections set forth in Item 7 and in Item 1A and in other portions of our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 17, 2021 (the “2020 Form 10-K”), may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements.

Although we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, any or all of our forward-looking statements may prove to be inaccurate and we can make no guarantees about our future performance. Should unknown risks or uncertainties materialize or underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and/or those anticipated, estimated or projected. We undertake no obligation to release any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events. For any forward-looking statements contained in any document, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Avis Budget Group, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020
Revenues		$	1,372	$	1,753

Expenses
	Operating	832		1,058
	Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net	254		459
	Selling, general and administrative	182		251
	Vehicle interest, net	75		83
	Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization	68		69
	Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
	Interest expense	61		48
	Early extinguishment of debt	129		4
	Restructuring and other related charges	20		44
	Transaction-related costs, net	1		2
Total expenses		1,622		2,018

Loss before income taxes		(250)		(265)
Benefit from income taxes		(80)		(107)

Net loss		$	(170)	$	(158)

Comprehensive loss		$	(146)	$	(257)

Loss per share
	Basic	$	(2.43)	$	(2.16)
	Diluted	$	(2.43)	$	(2.16)

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except par value)

(Unaudited)


		March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets
Current assets:
	Cash and cash equivalents	$	576	$	692
	Receivables, net	786		647
	Other current assets	506		456
Total current assets		1,868		1,795

Property and equipment, net		611		657
Operating lease right-of-use assets		2,510		2,560
Deferred income taxes		1,348		1,198
Goodwill		1,121		1,137
Other intangibles, net		750		774
Other non-current assets		266		244
Total assets exclusive of assets under vehicle programs		8,474		8,365

Assets under vehicle programs:
	Program cash	61		72
	Vehicles, net	9,101		8,153
	Receivables from vehicle manufacturers and other	307		281
	Investment in Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party	666		667
		10,135		9,173
Total assets		$	18,609	$	17,538

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
	Accounts payable and other current liabilities	$	2,171	$	2,034
	Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	19		19
Total current liabilities		2,190		2,053

Long-term debt		4,264		4,191
Long-term operating lease liabilities		2,025		2,078
Other non-current liabilities		681		731
Total liabilities exclusive of liabilities under vehicle programs		9,160		9,053

Liabilities under vehicle programs:
	Debt	1,652		1,777
	Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party	6,149		5,080
	Deferred income taxes	1,470		1,383
	Other	494		400
		9,765		8,640
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)

Stockholders’ equity:
	Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10 shares; none issued and outstanding, respectively	—		—
	Common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 250 shares; issued 137 shares, respectively	1		1
	Additional paid-in capital	6,642		6,668
	Accumulated deficit	(1,640)		(1,470)
	Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(163)		(187)
	Treasury stock, at cost— 67 shares, respectively	(5,156)		(5,167)
Total stockholders’ equity		(316)		(155)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity		$	18,609	$	17,538

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)

(Unaudited)


			Three Months Ended March 31,
			2021		2020
Operating activities
Net loss			$	(170)	$	(158)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
	Vehicle depreciation		259		414
	Amortization of right-of-use assets		236		231
	(Gain) loss on sale of vehicles, net		(49)		(11)
	Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization		68		69

	Stock-based compensation		4		(2)
	Amortization of debt financing fees		8		8
	Early extinguishment of debt costs		129		4
	Net change in assets and liabilities:
		Receivables	24		163
		Income taxes and deferred income taxes	(80)		(112)
		Accounts payable and other current liabilities	181		(96)
	Operating lease liabilities		(234)		(230)
	Other, net		(40)		90
Net cash provided by operating activities			336		370

Investing activities
Property and equipment additions			(12)		(43)
Proceeds received on asset sales			2		2
Net assets acquired (net of cash acquired)			(4)		(51)

Net cash used in investing activities exclusive of vehicle programs			(14)		(92)

Vehicle programs:
	Investment in vehicles		(3,032)		(3,751)
	Proceeds received on disposition of vehicles		1,679		2,497
	Investment in debt securities of Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party		(24)		(175)
	Proceeds from debt securities of Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party		25		39
			(1,352)		(1,390)
Net cash used in investing activities			(1,366)		(1,482)

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(In millions)

(Unaudited)


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020
Financing activities
Proceeds from long-term borrowings		1,100		184
Payments on long-term borrowings		(1,101)		(92)

Issuance of common stock		—		15
Repurchases of common stock		(19)		(118)
Debt financing fees		(12)		(3)

Net cash used in financing activities exclusive of vehicle programs		(32)		(14)

Vehicle programs:
	Proceeds from borrowings	3,481		5,461
	Payments on borrowings	(2,535)		(4,479)
	Debt financing fees	—		(6)
		946		976
Net cash provided by financing activities		914		962

Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash		(10)		(29)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash		(126)		(179)
Cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash, beginning of period		765		900
Cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash, end of period		$	639	$	721

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.

CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Treasury Stock			Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount								Shares	Amount
Balance at December 31, 2020	137.1	$	1	$	6,668	$	(1,470)	$	(187)	(67.3)	$	(5,167)	$	(155)



Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	—	—		—		(170)		—		—	—
Other comprehensive income						—		24		—	—

Total comprehensive loss													(146)


Net activity related to restricted stock units	—	—		(26)		—		—		0.2	21		(5)


Repurchases of common stock	—	—		—		—		—		(0.1)	(10)		(10)

Balance at March 31, 2021	137.1	$	1	$	6,642	$	(1,640)	$	(163)	(67.2)	$	(5,156)	$	(316)

Balance at December 31, 2019	137.1	$	1	$	6,741	$	(785)	$	(157)	(63.2)	$	(5,144)	$	656

Cumulative effect of accounting change	—	—		—		(1)		—		—	—		(1)

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	—	—		—		(158)		—		—	—
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(99)		—	—

Total comprehensive loss													(257)

Net activity related to restricted stock units	—	—		(79)		—		—		0.3	71		(8)
Issuance of common stock	—	—		15		—		—		0.4	—		15

Repurchases of common stock	—	—		—		—		—		(5.0)	(113)		(113)

Balance at March 31, 2020	137.1	$	1	$	6,677	$	(944)	$	(256)	(67.5)	$	(5,186)	$	292

See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts in tables are in millions, except per share amounts)

1. Basis of Presentation

Avis Budget Group, Inc. provides mobility solutions to businesses and consumers worldwide. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements include the accounts and transactions of Avis Budget Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, as well as entities in which Avis Budget Group, Inc. directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest (collectively, the “Company”), and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for interim financial reporting.

The Company operates the following reportable business segments:

•Americas—consisting primarily of (i) vehicle rental operations in North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean, (ii) car sharing operations in certain of these markets, and (iii) licensees in the areas in which the Company does not operate directly.

•International—consisting primarily of (i) vehicle rental operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Australasia, (ii) car sharing operations in certain of these markets, and (iii) licensees in the areas in which the Company does not operate directly.

The operating results of acquired businesses are included in the accompanying Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements from the dates of acquisition. Differences between the preliminary allocation of purchase price and the final allocation for the Company’s 2020 acquisitions of various licensees were not material.

In presenting the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. In management’s opinion, the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements contain all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of interim results reported. The results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire year or any subsequent interim period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

Liquidity and Management’s Plans

The continuing cases of COVID-19 and the developments surrounding the pandemic are having a material impact on certain aspects of the Company’s business. Significant events affecting travel and the overall economy have historically had an impact on vehicle rental volumes, with the full extent of the impact generally determined by the length of time the event influences travel decisions as well as general economic conditions. The Company believes the ongoing effects of COVID-19 and resulting economic conditions have had, and will continue to have, an adverse impact on its operations and vehicle rental volumes, and on its financial results and liquidity.

The Company cannot assure its assumptions used to estimate its liquidity requirements will be correct because it has never previously experienced such a change in demand, and as a consequence, its ability to be predictive is uncertain. In addition, the duration of the pandemic is uncertain. Therefore, the Company has taken actions to manage its liquidity, including reducing capital expenditures, operating expenses and the number of vehicles in its fleet. The Company has no meaningful corporate debt maturities until 2023. The Company plans to finance the routine Asset Backed Securities (“ABS”) maturities with program cash on hand, available revolving debt capacity, new term note issuances and fleet sales. As a result, based on current operational assumptions, the Company believes it has adequate liquidity beyond the next twelve months.

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In April 2020, the Company entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to its senior credit facilities, consisting of an approximately $1.2 billion term loan maturing in 2027 and a $1.8 billion revolving credit facility maturing in 2023, which remain in place after the Amendment. The Amendment provides for relief from the quarterly-tested leverage covenant contained in the credit agreement governing the senior credit facilities until the end of a specific relief period, including a holiday from such leverage covenant through June 30, 2021, during which time (i) certain negative covenant exceptions are not available to the Company, (ii) pricing on the senior credit facilities is increased, (iii) the Company must comply with a liquidity covenant and additional reporting requirements and (iv) the Company must meet additional conditions to borrow under the revolving credit facility. In February 2021, the Company subsequently amended the credit agreement to permit refinancing of certain existing indebtedness.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are fully described in Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the 2020 Form 10-K.

Cash and cash equivalents, Program cash and Restricted cash. The following table provides a detail of cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets to the amounts shown in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Cash Flows.


	As of March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	576	$	679
Program cash	61		39
Restricted cash (a)	2		3
Total cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash	$	639	$	721

________

(a)Included within other current assets.

Vehicle Programs. The Company presents separately the financial data of its vehicle programs. These programs are distinct from the Company’s other activities since the assets under vehicle programs are generally funded through the issuance of debt that is collateralized by such assets. The income generated by these assets is used, in part, to repay the principal and interest associated with the debt. Cash inflows and outflows relating to the acquisition of such assets and the principal debt repayment or financing of such assets are classified as activities of the Company’s vehicle programs. The Company believes it is appropriate to segregate the financial data of its vehicle programs because, ultimately, the source of repayment of such debt is the realization of such assets.

Transaction-related costs, net. Transaction-related costs, net are classified separately in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income. These costs are comprised of expenses related to acquisition-related activities such as due diligence and other advisory costs, expenses related to the integration of the acquiree’s operations with those of the Company, including the implementation of best practices and process improvements, non-cash gains and losses related to re-acquired rights, expenses related to pre-acquisition contingencies and contingent consideration related to acquisitions.

Currency Transactions. The Company records the gain or loss on foreign-currency transactions on certain intercompany loans and the gain or loss on intercompany loan hedges within interest expense related to corporate debt, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an immaterial amount and a loss of $5 million, respectively, related to such items.

Divestitures. In March 2021, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Urbiz S.A. to sell the Company’s assets in Argentina. Upon completion of the sale, Urbiz S.A. will pay approximately $4 million, plus interest, over two years for the right to operate the Avis and Budget brand. The Company had assets held for sale of $15 million within current and non-current assets and liabilities held for sale of $6 million within non-current liabilities. The Company assessed the fair value of the net assets and recorded a loss of $13 million within restructuring and other related charges during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Argentina’s operations are reported within the Company’s Americas segment.

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Investments. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had equity method investments with a carrying value of $64 million and $63 million, respectively, which are recorded within other non-current assets. Earnings from the Company’s equity method investments are reported within operating expenses. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded an immaterial amount related to its equity method investments.

Nonmarketable Equity Securities. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had nonmarketable equity securities with a carrying value of $8 million, respectively, which are recorded within other non-current assets. No adjustments were made to the carrying amounts during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Revenues. Revenues are recognized under “Leases (Topic 842),” with the exception of royalty fee revenue derived from the Company’s licensees and revenue related to the Company’s customer loyalty program, which were approximately $40 million and $32 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by geography.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Americas	$	1,080	$	1,257
Europe, Middle East and Africa	203		357
Asia and Australasia	89		139
Total revenues	$	1,372	$	1,753

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by brand.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Avis	$	717	$	985
Budget	524		619
Other	131		149
Total revenues	$	1,372	$	1,753

________

Other includes Zipcar and other operating brands.

Adoption of New Accounting Pronouncements

Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes

On January 1, 2021, as the result of a new accounting pronouncement, the Company adopted ASU 2019-12, “Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions and improving the application of existing guidance. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans

On January 1, 2021, as the result of a new accounting pronouncement, the Company adopted ASU 2018-14, “Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans,” which adds, removes, and clarifies disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. These changes are part of the FASB’s disclosure framework project, which the Board launched in 2014 to improve the effectiveness of disclosures in notes to financial statements. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial

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Statements.

2. Leases

Lessor

The following table presents the Company’s lease revenues disaggregated by geography.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Americas	$	1,054	$	1,244
Europe, Middle East and Africa	192		342
Asia and Australasia	86		135
Total lease revenues	$	1,332	$	1,721

The following table presents the Company’s lease revenues disaggregated by brand.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Avis	$	690	$	968
Budget	516		608
Other	126		145
Total lease revenues	$	1,332	$	1,721

_______

Other includes Zipcar and other operating brands.

Lessee

The Company has operating and finance leases for rental locations, corporate offices, vehicle rental fleet and equipment. Many of the Company’s operating leases for rental locations contain concession agreements with various airport authorities that allow the Company to conduct its vehicle rental operations on site. In general, concession fees for airport locations are based on a percentage of total commissionable revenue as defined by each airport authority, some of which are subject to minimum annual guaranteed amounts. Concession fees other than minimum annual guaranteed amounts are not included in the measurement of operating lease Right of Use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities, and are recorded as variable lease expense as incurred. The Company’s operating leases for rental locations often also require the Company to pay or reimburse operating expenses.

The components of lease expense are as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Property leases (a)
Operating lease expense	$	139	$	185
Variable lease expense	54		36
Total property lease expense	$	193	$	221

__________

(a) Primarily included in operating expense and includes $19 million of minimum annual guaranteed rent in excess of concession fees as defined in our rental concession agreement for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

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	As of March 31, 2021			As of December 31, 2020
Property leases
Operating lease ROU assets	$	2,510		$	2,560

Short-term operating lease liabilities (a)	$	519		$	514
Long-term operating lease liabilities	2,025			2,078
Operating lease liabilities	$	2,544		$	2,592

Weighted average remaining lease term	8.3 years			8.4 years
Weighted average discount rate	3.85		%	3.86		%

_________

(a) Included in Accounts payable and other current liabilities.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases is as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Cash payments for lease liabilities within operating activities:
Property operating leases	$	202	$	170
Non-cash activities - increase (decrease) in ROU assets in exchange for lease liabilities:
Property operating leases	169		296

3. Restructuring and Other Related Charges

Restructuring

During first quarter 2021, the Company initiated a global restructuring plan to focus on cost discipline by reviewing headcounts, facilities and contractor agreements. The Company is transforming its business as it prepares to exit the COVID-19 crisis by controlling fixed costs and matching variable costs to demand (“T21”). During the three months ended March 31, 2021, as part of this process, the Company formally communicated the termination of employment to approximately 80 employees, and as of March 31, 2021, the Company terminated approximately 60 of these employees. The Company expects further restructuring expense of approximately $55 million related to this initiative to be incurred in 2021.

During first quarter 2020, the Company initiated a global restructuring plan to reduce operating costs, such as headcount and facilities, due to declining reservations and revenue resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak (“2020 Optimization Plan”). The Company expects no further restructuring expense related to this initiative.

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The following tables summarize the changes to our restructuring-related liabilities and identifies the amounts recorded within the Company’s reporting segments for restructuring charges and corresponding payments and utilizations:


				Americas		International		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021				$	3	$	6	$	9
	Restructuring expense:
	T21			1		6		7



	Restructuring payment/utilization:
	T21			(1)		(4)		(5)
	2020 Optimization Plan			(2)		(2)		(4)


Balance as of March 31, 2021				$	1	$	6	$	7

		Personnel		Facility Related		Other (a)		Total
Balance as of January 1, 2021		$	4	$	2	$	3	$	9
	Restructuring expense:
	T21	5		2		—		7



	Restructuring payment/utilization:
	T21	(3)		(2)		—		(5)
	2020 Optimization Plan	(3)		—		(1)		(4)


Balance as of March 31, 2021		$	3	$	2	$	2	$	7

__________

(a)Includes expenses primarily related to the disposition of vehicles.

Other Related Charges

Limited Voluntary Opportunity Plan (“LVOP”)

During 2020, the Company offered a voluntary termination program to certain employees in field operations, shared services, and general and administrative functions for a limited time. These employees, if qualified, elected resignation from employment in return for enhanced severance benefits to be settled in cash. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recorded other related charges of approximately $15 million in connection with the LVOP.

Officer Separation Costs

In March 2020, the Company announced the departure of Michael K. Tucker as Executive Vice President, General Counsel effective March 27, 2020. In connection with Mr. Tucker’s separation, the Company recorded other related charges of approximately $2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

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4. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) (shares in millions):


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020
Net loss for basic and diluted EPS		$	(170)	$	(158)

Basic weighted average shares outstanding		69.9		72.9
Non-vested stock (a)		—		—
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding		69.9		72.9

Loss per share:
	Basic	$	(2.43)	$	(2.16)
	Diluted	$	(2.43)	$	(2.16)

__________

(a)As the Company incurred a net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, 1.1 million and 1.3 million non-vested stock awards, respectively, have an anti-dilutive effect and therefore are excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding.

5. Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of:


	As of March 31, 2021		As of December 31, 2020
Prepaid expenses	$	204	$	161
Sales and use taxes	139		147
Other	163		148
Other current assets	$	506	$	456

6. Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of:


	As of March 31, 2021						As of December 31, 2020
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets
License agreements	$	275	$	159	$	116	$	280	$	151	$	129
Customer relationships	261		198		63		268		196		72
Other	52		33		19		54		33		21
Total	$	588	$	390	$	198	$	602	$	380	$	222

Unamortized Intangible Assets
Goodwill	$	1,121					$	1,137
Trademarks	$	552					$	552

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, amortization expense related to amortizable intangible assets was approximately $18 million and $13 million, respectively. Based on the Company’s amortizable intangible assets at March 31, 2021, the Company expects amortization expense of approximately $40 million for the remainder of 2021, $34 million for 2022, $25 million for 2023, $22 million for 2024, $17 million for 2025 and $15 million for 2026, excluding effects of currency exchange rates.

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7. Vehicle Rental Activities

The components of vehicles, net within assets under vehicle programs were as follows:


	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Rental vehicles	$	10,251	$	9,210
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(1,288)		(1,337)
	8,963		7,873
Vehicles held for sale	138		280
Vehicles, net	$	9,101	$	8,153

The components of vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net are summarized below:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Depreciation expense	$	259	$	414
Lease charges	44		56
(Gain) loss on sale of vehicles, net	(49)		(11)
Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net	$	254	$	459

At March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had payables related to vehicle purchases included in liabilities under vehicle programs - other of $344 million and $240 million, respectively, and receivables related to vehicle sales included in assets under vehicle programs - receivables from vehicle manufacturers and other of $195 million and $491 million, respectively.

8. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were benefits of 32.0% and 40.4%, respectively. Such rates differed from the Federal Statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to foreign taxes on our International operations and state taxes.

9. Accounts Payable and Other Current Liabilities

Accounts payable and other current liabilities consisted of:


	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Short-term operating lease liabilities	$	519	$	514
Accounts payable	458		394
Accrued sales and use taxes	214		215
Public liability and property damage insurance liabilities – current	166		162
Deferred lease revenues – current	151		70
Accrued payroll and related	136		117
Accrued advertising and marketing	124		122
Other	403		440
Accounts payable and other current liabilities	$	2,171	$	2,034

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10. Long-term Corporate Debt and Borrowing Arrangements

Long-term corporate debt and borrowing arrangements consisted of:


		As of		As of
	Maturity Date	March 31,		December 31,
		2021		2020
6.375% Senior Notes	April 2024	$	—	$	350
4.125% euro-denominated Senior Notes	November 2024	351		366
5.250% Senior Notes	March 2025	235		375
4.500% euro-denominated Senior Notes	May 2025	293		305
10.500% Senior Secured Notes	May 2025	—		487
4.750% euro-denominated Senior Notes	January 2026	410		428
5.750% Senior Notes	July 2027	725		724
4.750% Senior Notes	April 2028	500		—
5.375% Senior Notes	March 2029	600		—
Floating Rate Term Loan (a)	August 2027	1,196		1,199
Other (b)		22		24
Deferred financing fees		(49)		(48)
Total		4,283		4,210
Less: Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt		19		19
Long-term debt		$	4,264	$	4,191

__________

(a)The floating rate term loan is part of the Company’s senior revolving credit facility, which is secured by pledges of capital stock of certain subsidiaries of the Company, and liens on substantially all of the Company’s intellectual property and certain other real and personal property. As of March 31, 2021, the floating rate term loan due 2027 bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus 225 basis points, for an aggregate rate of 2.36%. The Company has entered into a swap to hedge $700 million of its interest rate exposure related to the floating rate term loan at an aggregate rate of 4.58%.

(b)Primarily includes finance leases which are secured by liens on the related assets.

In March 2021, the Company issued $600 million of 5.375% Senior Notes due March 2029, at par, with interest paid semiannually. Net proceeds, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem all of the outstanding 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2025 for $599 million plus accrued interest.

In March 2021, the Company issued $500 million of 4.75% Senior Notes due March 2028, at par, with interest paid semiannually. Net proceeds, together with cash on hand, were used to redeem all of the outstanding 6.375% Senior Notes due 2024 for $356 million plus accrued interest and a portion of its outstanding 5.25% Senior Notes due 2025 for $142 million plus accrued interest.

The 5.375% and 4.75% notes are guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis by the Company and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries.

Committed Credit Facilities and Available Funding Arrangements

At March 31, 2021, the committed corporate credit facilities available to the Company and/or its subsidiaries were as follows:


	Total Capacity		Outstanding Borrowings		Letters of Credit Issued		Available Capacity
Senior revolving credit facility maturing 2023 (a)	$	1,800	$	—	$	1,230	$	570

__________

(a)The senior revolving credit facility bears interest at one-month LIBOR plus 250 basis points and is part of the Company’s senior credit facilities, which include the floating rate term loan and the senior revolving credit facility, and which are secured by pledges of capital stock of certain subsidiaries of the Company, liens on substantially all of the Company’s intellectual property and certain other real and personal property.

Debt Covenants

The agreements governing the Company’s indebtedness contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on dividends paid to the Company by certain of its subsidiaries, the incurrence of additional indebtedness by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, acquisitions, mergers, liquidations, and sale and leaseback

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transactions. The Company’s senior credit facility also contains a maximum leverage ratio requirement which has been amended to provide a holiday from such leverage covenant through June 30, 2021 (See Note 1 – Basis of Presentation). As of March 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants governing its indebtedness.

11. Debt Under Vehicle Programs and Borrowing Arrangements

Debt under vehicle programs, including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC (“Avis Budget Rental Car Funding”), consisted of:


	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Americas - Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding	$	6,181	$	5,116
Americas - Debt borrowings	499		509
International - Debt borrowings	1,020		1,115
International - Finance leases	140		162

Deferred financing fees (a)	(39)		(45)
Total	$	7,801	$	6,857

__________

(a)Deferred financing fees related to Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were $32 million and $36 million, respectively.

Debt Maturities

The following table provides the contractual maturities of the Company’s debt under vehicle programs, including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding, at March 31, 2021.


	Debt under Vehicle Programs (a)
Within 1 year (b)	$	1,858
Between 1 and 2 years (c)	2,171
Between 2 and 3 years (d)	1,253
Between 3 and 4 years	1,598
Between 4 and 5 years	960
Thereafter	—
Total	$	7,840

__________

(a) Vehicle-backed debt primarily represents asset-backed securities.

(b) Includes $0.4 billion of bank and bank-sponsored facilities.

(d) Includes $0.1 billion of bank and bank-sponsored facilities.

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Committed Credit Facilities and Available Funding Arrangements

As of March 31, 2021, available funding under the Company’s vehicle programs, including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding, consisted of:


	Total Capacity (a)		Outstanding Borrowings (b)		Available Capacity
Americas - Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding	$	9,011	$	6,181	$	2,830
Americas - Debt borrowings	746		499		247
International - Debt borrowings	2,713		1,020		1,693
International - Finance leases	204		140		64

Total	$	12,674	$	7,840	$	4,834

__________

(a) Capacity is subject to maintaining sufficient assets to collateralize debt.

(b) The outstanding debt is collateralized by vehicles and related assets of $7.4 billion for Americas - Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding; $0.7 billion for Americas - Debt borrowings; $1.2 billion for International - Debt borrowings; and $0.2 billion for International - Finance leases.

Debt Covenants

The agreements under the Company’s vehicle-backed funding programs contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on dividends paid to the Company by certain of its subsidiaries and restrictions on indebtedness, mergers, liens, liquidations, and sale and leaseback transactions and in some cases also require compliance with certain financial requirements. As of March 31, 2021, the Company is not aware of any instances of non-compliance with any of the financial covenants contained in the debt agreements under its vehicle-backed funding programs.

12. Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

In 2006, the Company completed the spin-offs of its Realogy and Wyndham subsidiaries. The Company does not believe that the impact of any resolution of pre-existing contingent liabilities in connection with the spin-offs should result in a material liability to the Company in relation to its consolidated financial position or liquidity, as Realogy and Wyndham each have agreed to assume responsibility for these liabilities. The Company is also named in litigation that is primarily related to the businesses of its former subsidiaries, including Realogy and Wyndham. The Company is entitled to indemnification from such entities for any liability resulting from such litigation.

In February 2017, following state court trials in Georgia, the Company was found liable for damages in two cases brought by plaintiffs who were injured in a vehicle accident allegedly caused by an employee of an independent contractor of the Company who was acting outside of the scope of employment. In fourth quarter 2019, the Company appealed both verdicts resulting in a reversal of the judgments rendered. The Georgia Supreme Court granted the plaintiffs’ application to review the appellate court’s reversal of the judgements entered at the trial court. The Georgia Supreme Court heard oral arguments in December 2020 and on May 3, 2021 issued a decision affirming the appellate court’s judgments. Following the issuance of this decision, plaintiffs have the ability to file a motion for reconsideration. The Company has recognized a liability related to these cases, net of recoverable insurance proceeds, of approximately $12 million.

The Company is currently involved, and in the future may be involved, in claims, legal proceedings, including class actions, and governmental inquiries that are incidental to its vehicle rental and car sharing operations, including, among others, contract and licensee disputes, competition matters, employment and wage-and-hour claims, insurance and liability claims, intellectual property claims, business practice disputes and other regulatory, environmental, commercial and tax matters. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and, although the Company believes that its accruals are adequate and/or that it has valid defenses in these matters, unfavorable resolutions could occur. The Company estimates that the potential exposure resulting from adverse outcomes of current legal proceedings in which it is reasonably possible that a loss may be incurred could, in the aggregate, be up to approximately $40 million in excess of amounts accrued as of

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March 31, 2021. The Company does not believe that the impact should result in a material liability to the Company in relation to its consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Commitments to Purchase Vehicles

The Company maintains agreements with vehicle manufacturers under which the Company has agreed to purchase approximately $6.4 billion of vehicles from manufacturers over the next 12 months, a $2.3 billion decrease compared to December 31, 2020, financed primarily through the issuance of vehicle-backed debt and cash received upon the disposition of vehicles. Certain of these commitments are subject to the vehicle manufacturers satisfying their obligations under their respective repurchase and guaranteed depreciation agreements.

Concentrations

Concentrations of credit risk at March 31, 2021 include (i) risks related to the Company’s repurchase and guaranteed depreciation agreements with domestic and foreign car manufacturers, primarily with respect to receivables for program cars that have been disposed but for which the Company has not yet received payment from the manufacturers and (ii) risks related to Realogy and Wyndham, including receivables of $25 million and $15 million, respectively, related to certain contingent, income tax and other corporate liabilities assumed by Realogy and Wyndham in connection with their disposition.

13. Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchases

The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $1.8 billion of its common stock under a plan originally approved in 2013 and subsequently expanded, most recently in August 2019. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company has repurchased approximately 0.1 million shares of common stock at a cost of approximately $10 million under the program. As of March 31, 2021, approximately $66 million of authorization remains available to repurchase common stock under this plan.

Share Issuances

On February 10, 2020, the Company announced it had appointed a new Chairman of the Board of Directors and in connection with this appointment, the new Chairman purchased an aggregate $15 million of unregistered shares of the Company’s common stock at a price per share equal to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on February 7, 2020.

Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under GAAP, are excluded from net income (loss).

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020
Net loss		$	(170)	$	(158)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
	Currency translation adjustments (net of tax of $(12) and $(4), respectively)	(14)		(83)
	Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges (net of tax of $3 and $6, respectively)	35		(18)
	Minimum pension liability adjustment (net of tax of $0 and $0, respectively)	3		2
		24		(99)
Comprehensive loss		$	(146)	$	(257)

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__________

Currency translation adjustments exclude income taxes related to indefinite investments in foreign subsidiaries.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows:


		Currency Translation Adjustments		Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges(a)		Minimum Pension Liability Adjustment(b)		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)


Balance, January 1, 2021		$	40	$	(51)	$	(176)	$	(187)
	Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(14)		32		1		19
	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—		3		2		5
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		(14)		35		3		24
Balance, March 31, 2021		$	26	$	(16)	$	(173)	$	(163)

Balance, January 1, 2020		$	9	$	(20)	$	(146)	$	(157)
	Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(83)		(18)		1		(100)
	Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		1		1
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss)		(83)		(18)		2		(99)
Balance, March 31, 2020		$	(74)	$	(38)	$	(144)	$	(256)

__________

All components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are net of tax, except currency translation adjustments, which exclude income taxes related to indefinite investments in foreign subsidiaries and include a $47 million gain, net of tax, as of March 31, 2021 related to the Company’s hedge of its net investment in euro-denominated foreign operations (see Note 15–Financial Instruments).

(a)For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into corporate interest expense was $1 million ($0 million, net of tax). For the three months ended March 31, 2021, the amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into vehicle interest expense was $4 million ($3 million, net of tax).

(b)For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into selling, general and administrative expenses were $3 million ($2 million, net of tax) and $2 million ($1 million, net of tax), respectively..

14. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $4 million and $(2) million ($3 million and $(1) million, net of tax) during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

In June 2020, the Company granted market-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that vest based on absolute stock price attainment. The grant date fair value of this award is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

The weighted average assumptions used in the model are as follows:


Expected volatility of stock price						91%
Risk-free interest rate						0.18%
Valuation period						3 years
Dividend yield						—%

The activity related to RSUs consisted of (in thousands of shares):

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			Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Time-based RSUs
	Outstanding at January 1, 2021		1,070	$	27.47
		Granted (a)	240	63.12
		Vested (b)	(375)	30.05
		Forfeited	(7)	25.35
	Outstanding and expected to vest at March 31, 2021 (c)		928	$	35.66	1.3	$	67
Performance-based and market-based RSUs
	Outstanding at January 1, 2021		988	$	32.41
		Granted (a)	236	62.27
		Vested (b)	—	—
		Forfeited	(272)	48.72
	Outstanding at March 31, 2021		952	$	35.14	2.0	$	69
	Outstanding and expected to vest at March 31, 2021 (c)		203	$	54.59	2.8	$	15

__________

(a)Reflects the maximum number of stock units assuming achievement of all performance-, market- and time-vesting criteria and does not include those for non-employee directors. The weighted-average fair value of time-based RSUs and performance-based and market-based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $21.67 and $21.09, respectively.

(b)The total fair value of RSUs vested during March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $11 million and $17 million, respectively.

(c)Aggregate unrecognized compensation expense related to time-based RSUs and performance-based and market-based RSUs amounted to $39 million and will be recognized over a weighted average vesting period of 1.6 years.

15. Financial Instruments

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Currency Risk. The Company uses currency exchange contracts to manage its exposure to changes in currency exchange rates associated with certain of its non-U.S.-dollar denominated receivables and forecasted royalties, forecasted earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries and forecasted non-U.S.-dollar denominated acquisitions. The Company primarily hedges a portion of its current-year currency exposure to the Australian, Canadian and New Zealand dollars, the euro and the British pound sterling. The majority of forward contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The fluctuations in the value of these forward contracts do, however, largely offset the impact of changes in the value of the underlying risk they economically hedge. Forward contracts used to hedge forecasted third-party receipts and disbursements up to 12 months are designated and do qualify as cash flow hedges. The Company has designated its euro-denominated notes as a hedge of its investment in euro-denominated foreign operations.

The estimated net amount of existing gains or losses the Company expects to reclassify from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to earnings for cash flow and net investment hedges over the next 12 months is not material.

Interest Rate Risk. The Company uses various hedging strategies including interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to create what it deems an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate assets and liabilities. The Company uses interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to manage the risk related to its floating rate corporate debt and its floating rate vehicle-backed debt. The Company records the changes in the fair value of its cash flow hedges to other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, and subsequently reclassifies these amounts into earnings in the period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings and is presented in the same income statement line item as the earnings effect of the hedged item. The Company records the gains or losses related to freestanding derivatives, which are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes, currently in earnings and are presented in the same line of the income statement expected for the hedged item. The Company estimates that approximately $20 million of losses currently recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will be recognized in earnings over the next 12 months.

Commodity Risk. The Company periodically enters into derivative commodity contracts to manage its exposure to changes in the price of gasoline. These instruments were designated as freestanding

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derivatives and the changes in fair value are recorded in earnings and are presented in the same line of the income statement expected for the hedged item.

The Company held derivative instruments with absolute notional values as follows:


	As of March 31, 2021
Foreign exchange contracts	$	1,711
Interest rate caps (a)	8,686
Interest rate swaps	1,950

__________

(a)Represents $5.8 billion of interest rate caps sold, partially offset by approximately $2.8 billion of interest rate caps purchased. These amounts exclude $3.0 billion of interest rate caps purchased by the Company’s Avis Budget Rental Car Funding subsidiary as it is not consolidated by the Company.

Estimated fair values (Level 2) of derivative instruments were as follows:


		As of March 31, 2021				As of December 31, 2020
		Fair Value, Derivative Assets		Fair Value, Derivative Liabilities		Fair Value, Derivative Assets		Fair Value, Derivative Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
	Interest rate swaps (a)	$	6	$	43	$	—	$	69

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
	Foreign exchange contracts (b)	16		11		3		11
	Interest rate caps (c)	1		1		—		—

	Total	$	23	$	55	$	3	$	80

__________

Amounts in this table exclude derivatives issued by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding, as it is not consolidated by the Company; however, certain amounts related to the derivatives held by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding are included within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as discussed in Note 13–Stockholders’ Equity.

(a)Included in other non-current assets or other non-current liabilities.

(b)Included in other current assets or other current liabilities.

(c)Included in assets under vehicle programs or liabilities under vehicle programs.

The effects of derivatives recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements were as follows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments (a)
	Interest rate swaps (b)	$	35	$	(18)
	Euro-denominated notes (c)	33		11
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments (d)
	Foreign exchange contracts (e)	(8)		27
	Interest rate swap (f)	(1)		—
	Commodity contracts (g)	—		(7)
	Total	$	59	$	13

__________

(a)Recognized, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) within stockholders’ equity.

(b)Classified as a net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Refer to Note 13–Stockholders’ Equity for amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings.

(c)Classified as a net investment hedge within currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

(d)Gains (losses) related to derivative instruments are expected to be largely offset by (losses) gains on the underlying exposures being hedged.

(e)For the three months ended March 31, 2021, included a $7 million loss in interest expense and a $1 million loss in operating

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expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, included $28 million gain in interest expense and a $1 million loss in operating expense.

(f)Included primarily in vehicle interest, net.

(g)Included in operating expense.

Debt Instruments

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values (Level 2) of debt instruments were as follows:


		As of March 31, 2021				As of December 31, 2020
		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value
Corporate debt
	Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt	$	19	$	19	$	19	$	18
	Long-term debt	4,264		4,408		4,191		4,337

Debt under vehicle programs
	Vehicle-backed debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding	$	6,149	$	6,429	$	5,080	$	5,317
	Vehicle-backed debt	1,649		1,668		1,775		1,796
	Interest rate swaps and interest rate caps (a)	3		3		2		2

__________

(a) Derivatives in a liability position.

16. Segment Information

The Company’s chief operating decision-maker assesses performance and allocates resources based upon the separate financial information from each of the Company’s operating segments. In identifying its reportable segments, the Company considered the nature of services provided, the geographical areas in which the segments operated and other relevant factors. The Company aggregates certain of its operating segments into its reportable segments.

Management evaluates the operating results of each of its reportable segments based upon revenues and “Adjusted EBITDA,” which the Company defines as income (loss) from continuing operations before non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization, any impairment charges, restructuring and other related charges, early extinguishment of debt costs, non-vehicle related interest, transaction-related costs, net, charges for unprecedented personal-injury and other legal matters, non-operational charges related to shareholder activist activity, which include third party advisory, legal and other professional service fees, gain on sale of equity method investment in China, COVID-19 charges and income taxes. COVID-19 charges include unusual, direct and incremental costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic such as minimum annual guaranteed rent in excess of concession fees for the period, overflow parking for idle vehicles and related shuttling costs, incremental cleaning supplies to sanitize vehicles and facilities, and losses associated with vehicles damaged in overflow parking lots, net of insurance proceeds. The Company’s presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies.

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			Three Months Ended March 31,
			2021				2020
			Revenues		Adjusted EBITDA		Revenues		Adjusted EBITDA
Americas			$	1,080	$	108	$	1,257	$	(30)
International			292		(50)		496		(40)
Corporate and Other (a)			—		(11)		—		(17)
	Total Company		$	1,372	$	47	$	1,753	$	(87)

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to income (loss) before income taxes
					2021				2020
Adjusted EBITDA					$	47			$	(87)
Less:		Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization			68				69
		Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
		Interest expense			61				48
		Early extinguishment of debt			129				4
		Restructuring and other related charges			20				44
		COVID-19 charges (b)			18				7
		Transaction-related costs, net			1				2
		Non-operational charges related to shareholder activist activity (c)			—				4


Loss before income taxes					$	(250)			$	(265)

__________

(a)Includes unallocated corporate overhead which is not attributable to a particular segment.

(b)For three months ended March 31, 2021 consists of $17 million within operating expenses and $1 million within selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily consisting of $19 million of minimum annual guaranteed rent in excess of concession fees, $5 million of other charges and $(6) million associated with vehicles damaged in overflow parking lots, net of insurance proceeds. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, consists of $7 million within operating expenses, primarily consisting of $5 million associated with vehicles damaged in overflow parking lots, net of insurance proceeds and $2 million of incremental cleaning supplies to sanitize vehicles and facilities, and over flow parking.

(c)Reported within selling, general and administrative expenses.

Since December 31, 2020, there have been no significant changes in segment assets exclusive of assets under vehicle programs. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Americas’ segment assets under vehicle programs were approximately $8.2 billion and $7.2 billion, respectively, and International segment assets under vehicle programs were approximately $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively. The changes in assets under vehicle programs is primarily due to the increase in the size of our vehicle rental fleet to meet increase in rental demand.

* * * *

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and accompanying Notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and with our 2020 Form 10-K. Our actual results of operations may differ materially from those discussed in forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed in “Forward-Looking Statements”. See “Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts in tables are in millions.


OVERVIEW

Our Company

We operate three of the most globally recognized brands in mobility solutions, Avis, Budget and Zipcar, together with several other brands well recognized in their respective markets. We are a leading vehicle rental operator in North America, Europe, Australasia and certain other regions we serve, with an average rental fleet during 2020 of nearly 533,000 vehicles. We also license the use of our trademarks to licensees in the areas in which we do not operate directly. We and our licensees operate our brands in approximately 180 countries throughout the world.

Our Segments

We categorize our operations into two reportable business segments: Americas, consisting primarily of our vehicle rental operations in North America, South America, Central America and the Caribbean, car sharing operations in certain of these markets, and licensees in the areas in which we do not operate directly; and International, consisting primarily of our vehicle rental operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Australasia, car sharing operations in certain of these markets, and licensees in the areas in which we do not operate directly.

Business and Trends

The positive momentum from the fourth quarter of 2020 carried into the first quarter 2021, during which we generated revenues of $1,372 million, net loss of $170 million and Adjusted EBITDA of $47 million. These results were driven by disciplined cost removal achieved in 2020 and continued fleet management. Our utilization was 67%, a 5.1 point improvement compared to fourth quarter 2020, showing our ability to align our fleet with demand, and per-unit fleet costs per month decreased to $205, or 3% compared to fourth quarter 2020. Revenue per day increased to $55.24, or 2%, compared to fourth quarter 2020.

As the world is looking forward to the easing of restrictions put in place due to COVID-19, there are a number of encouraging developments, such as widespread distribution of effective vaccines, suggesting a steady return to historic travel trends, and we have positioned ourselves to capitalize on the expected surge in travel demand. Although our revenues have yet to reach pre-pandemic levels, we have taken actions to put us on a path of profitability. We continue to look for ways to capitalize on the changes prompted by the pandemic and to expand our business in a post-COVID-19 environment.

Although we have seen substantial improvement, these trends could be delayed if the ongoing effects of the virus were to bring a significant shift in the economy and consumer choices or if travel demand does not return to pre-pandemic levels. Significant events affecting travel have historically had an impact on vehicle rental volumes, with the full extent of the impact generally determined by the length of time the event influences travel decisions. As a consequence, we cannot estimate the impact on our business, financial condition or forecast financial or operational results with reasonable certainty.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We measure performance principally using the following key metrics: (i) rental days, which represent the total number of days (or portion thereof) a vehicle was rented, (ii) revenue per day, which represents revenues divided by rental days, (iii) vehicle utilization, which represents rental days divided by available rental days, with available rental days defined as average rental fleet times the number of days in the period, and (iv) per-unit fleet costs, which represent vehicle depreciation, lease charges and gain or loss on vehicle sales, divided by average rental fleet. Our rental days, revenue per day and vehicle utilization metrics are all calculated based on the actual rental of the vehicle during a 24-hour period. We believe that this methodology provides us with the most relevant metrics in order to manage the business. Our calculation may not be comparable to the calculation of similarly-titled metrics by other companies. We present currency exchange rate effects to provide a method of assessing how our business performed excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations. Currency exchange rate effects are calculated by translating the current-year results at the prior-period average exchange rate plus any related gains and losses on currency hedges.

We assess performance and allocate resources based upon the separate financial information of our operating segments. In identifying our reportable segments, we also consider the nature of services provided by our operating segments, the geographical areas in which our segments operate and other relevant factors. Management evaluates the operating results of each of our reportable segments based upon revenues and “Adjusted EBITDA,” which we define as income from continuing operations before non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization, any impairment charges, restructuring and other related charges, early extinguishment of debt costs, non-vehicle related interest, transaction-related costs, net, charges for unprecedented personal-injury and other legal matters, non-operational charges related to shareholder activist activity, which include third party advisory, legal and other professional service fees, gain on sale of equity method investment in China, COVID-19 charges and income taxes. COVID-19 charges include unusual, direct and incremental costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic such as minimum annual guaranteed rent in excess of concession fees for the period, overflow parking for idle vehicles and related shuttling costs, incremental cleaning supplies to sanitize vehicles and facilities, and losses associated with vehicles damaged in overflow parking lots, net of insurance proceeds. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is useful as a supplemental measure in evaluating the performance of our operating businesses and in comparing our results from period to period. We also believe that Adjusted EBITDA is useful to investors because it allows them to assess our results of operations and financial condition on the same basis that management uses internally. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income or other income statement data prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021:

•Our revenues totaled $1.4 billion and decreased 22% compared to the similar period in 2020, primarily due to reduced rental volume due to impacts directly related to COVID-19.

•Our net loss was $170 million, representing an increased loss of $12 million year-over-year, primarily due to premiums paid for the early redemption of our corporate debt, partially offset by strategic cost reduction initiatives to right size the business.

•Our Adjusted EBITDA was $47 million, representing an increase of $134 million year-over-year, primarily due to a 20% decrease in per-unit fleet costs, excluding exchange rate effects and strategic cost reduction initiatives to right size the business, partially offset by impacts directly related to COVID-19.

•We repurchased $10 million of our common stock, reducing our shares outstanding by approximately 0.1 million shares.

•We issued $600 million and $500 million of 5.375% Senior Notes due March 2029 and 4.75% Senior Notes due March 2028, respectively, with proceeds used to redeem our 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due May 2025, our 6.375% Senior Notes due in April 2024 and a portion of our 5.25% Senior Notes due in March 2025.

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 vs. Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Our consolidated condensed results of operations comprised the following:


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020		$ Change		% Change
Revenues		$	1,372	$	1,753	$	(381)	(22	%)

Expenses
	Operating	832		1,058		(226)		(21	%)
	Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net	254		459		(205)		(45	%)
	Selling, general and administrative	182		251		(69)		(27	%)
	Vehicle interest, net	75		83		(8)		(10	%)
	Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization	68		69		(1)		(1	%)
	Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
	Interest expense	61		48		13		27	%
	Early extinguishment of debt	129		4		125		n/m
	Restructuring and other related charges	20		44		(24)		(55	%)
	Transaction-related costs, net	1		2		(1)		(50	%)
Total expenses		1,622		2,018		(396)		(20	%)

Loss before income taxes		(250)		(265)		15		6	%
Benefit from income taxes		(80)		(107)		27		25	%

Net loss		$	(170)	$	(158)	$	(12)	(8	%)

__________

n/m Not meaningful.

Revenues decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the similar period in 2020, primarily due to a 28% decrease in volume as a result of the impact of COVID-19, partially offset by a 6% increase in revenue per day excluding exchange rate movements and a $30 million positive impact from currency exchange rate movements. Total expenses decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the similar period in 2020, primarily due to strategic cost reduction initiatives and reduced operational activities as a result of the impact of COVID-19. Our effective tax rates were benefits of 32% and 40% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As a result of these items, our net loss increased by $12 million compared to the similar period in 2020. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company reported losses of $2.43 and $2.16 per diluted share, respectively.

Operating expenses increased to 60.6% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 60.3% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to impacts directly related to COVID-19. Vehicle depreciation and lease charges decreased to 18.5% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 26.2% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to 20% lower per-unit fleet costs per month, excluding exchange rate effects. Selling, general and administrative costs decreased to 13.3% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 14.3% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to strategic cost reduction initiatives to right size the business. Vehicle interest costs increased to 5.5% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 4.7% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to impacts directly related to COVID-19.

Following is a more detailed discussion of the results of each of our reportable segments and reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA:

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			Three Months Ended March 31,
			2021				2020
			Revenues		Adjusted EBITDA		Revenues		Adjusted EBITDA
Americas			$	1,080	$	108	$	1,257	$	(30)
International			292		(50)		496		(40)
Corporate and Other (a)			—		(11)		—		(17)
	Total Company		$	1,372	$	47	$	1,753	$	(87)

			Reconciliation to Adjusted EBITDA
							2021		2020
Net loss							$	(170)	$	(158)
Benefit from income taxes							(80)		(107)
Loss before income taxes							(250)		(265)

Add:		Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization					68		69
		Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
		Interest expense					61		48
		Early extinguishment of debt					129		4
		Restructuring and other related charges					20		44
		COVID-19 charges (b)					18		7
		Non-operational charges related to shareholder activist activity (c)					—		4
		Transaction-related costs, net					1		2
Adjusted EBITDA							$	47	$	(87)

__________

(a)Includes unallocated corporate overhead which is not attributable to a particular segment.

(b)For three months ended March 31, 2021, consists of $17 million within operating expenses and $1 million within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated condensed results of operations, primarily consisting of $19 million of minimum annual guaranteed rent in excess of concession fees, $5 million of other charges and $(6) million associated with vehicles damaged in overflow parking lots, net of insurance proceeds. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, consists of $7 million within operating expenses, primarily consisting of $5 million associated with vehicles damaged in overflow parking lots, net of insurance proceeds and $2 million of incremental cleaning supplies to sanitize vehicles and facilities, and over flow parking.

(c)Reported within selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated condensed results of operations.

Americas


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		% Change
Revenues	$	1,080	$	1,257	(14	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	108		(30)		n/m

__________

n/m Not meaningful.

Revenues decreased 14% during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the similar period in 2020, primarily due to a 23% decrease in volume, partially offset by a 12% increase in revenue per day as a result of the impacts of COVID-19.

Operating expenses decreased to 57.9% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 58.7% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to strategic cost reduction initiatives to right size the business. Vehicle depreciation and lease charges decreased to 17.0% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 26.4% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to 22% lower per-unit fleet costs. Selling, general and administrative costs decreased to 10.6% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 12.3% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to strategic cost reduction initiatives to right size the business. Vehicle interest costs increased to 5.8% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 5.6% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to impacts directly related to COVID-19.

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Adjusted EBITDA was $138 million higher during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the similar period in 2020, primarily due to strategic cost reduction initiatives to right size the business, lower per-unit fleet costs and increased revenue per day.

International


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		% Change
Revenues	$	292	$	496	(41	%)
Adjusted EBITDA	(50)		(40)		25	%

Revenues decreased 41% during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the similar period in 2020, primarily due to a 38% decrease in volume and a 13% decrease in revenue per day excluding exchange rate movements as a result of the impacts of COVID-19, partially offset by a $28 million benefit from currency exchange rate movements.

Operating expenses increased to 71.2% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 63.9% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to impacts directly related to COVID-19. Vehicle depreciation and lease charges decreased to 24.0% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 25.6% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to 16% lower per-unit fleet costs, excluding exchange rate effects. Selling, general and administrative costs increased to 19.0% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 16.0% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to impacts directly related to COVID-19. Vehicle interest costs increased to 4.4% of revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to 2.6% during the similar period in 2020, primarily due to impacts directly related to COVID-19.

Adjusted EBITDA was $10 million lower in first quarter 2021 compared to the similar period in 2020, primarily due to a $9 million negative impact from currency exchange rate movements, as lower revenues directly related to COVID-19 were offset by strategic cost reduction initiatives to right size the business and lower per-unit fleet costs.

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We present separately the financial data of our vehicle programs. These programs are distinct from our other activities as the assets under vehicle programs are generally funded through the issuance of debt that is collateralized by such assets. The income generated by these assets is used, in part, to repay the principal and interest associated with the debt. Cash inflows and outflows relating to the generation or acquisition of such assets and the principal debt repayment or financing of such assets are classified as activities of our vehicle programs. We believe it is appropriate to segregate the financial data of our vehicle programs because, ultimately, the source of repayment of such debt is the realization of such assets.

FINANCIAL CONDITION


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020		Change
Total assets exclusive of assets under vehicle programs	$	8,474	$	8,365	$	109
Total liabilities exclusive of liabilities under vehicle programs	9,160		9,053		107
Assets under vehicle programs	10,135		9,173		962
Liabilities under vehicle programs	9,765		8,640		1,125
Stockholders’ equity	(316)		(155)		(161)

The increases in assets under vehicle programs and liabilities under vehicle programs are principally related to the increase in the size of our vehicle rental fleet to meet increased rental demand. The decrease in stockholders’ equity is primarily due to our comprehensive loss.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand and our ability to generate cash through operations and financing activities, as well as available funding arrangements and committed credit facilities, each of which is discussed below.

In March 2021, we issued $600 million of 5.375% Senior Notes due March 2029, at par. We used the proceeds, together with cash on hand, to redeem all of our outstanding 10.5% Senior Secured Notes due 2025. In March 2021, we issued $500 million of 4.75% Senior Unsecured Notes due March 2028. We used the proceeds, together with cash on hand, to redeem all of our outstanding 6.375% Senior Notes due in 2024 and $140 million in aggregate principal amount of our 5.25% Senior Notes due in 2025. We have no meaningful corporate debt maturities until 2023.

The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $1.8 billion of its common stock under a plan originally approved in 2013 and subsequently expanded, most recently in August 2019. The Company’s stock repurchases may occur through open market purchases or trading plans pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The amount and timing of specific repurchases are subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The repurchase program has no set expiration or termination date. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we repurchased approximately 0.1 million shares of our outstanding common stock for approximately $10 million.

CASH FLOWS

The following table summarizes our cash flows:


		Three Months Ended March 31,
		2021		2020		Change
Cash provided by (used in):
	Operating activities	$	336	$	370	$	(34)
	Investing activities	(1,366)		(1,482)		116
	Financing activities	914		962		(48)
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash		(10)		(29)		19
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash		(126)		(179)		53
Cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash, beginning of period		765		900		(135)
Cash and cash equivalents, program and restricted cash, end of period		$	639	$	721	$	(82)

The decrease in cash provided by operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with the same period in 2020 is principally due to the increase in our net loss.

The decrease in cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with the same period in 2020 is primarily due to reduced licensee acquisition activity and capital spend.

The decrease in cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared with the same period in 2020 is primarily due to a decrease in net borrowings under vehicle programs.

DEBT AND FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS

At March 31, 2021, we had approximately $12.1 billion of indebtedness, including corporate indebtedness of approximately $4.3 billion and debt under vehicle programs of approximately $7.8 billion. For information regarding our debt and borrowing arrangements, see Notes 1, 10 and 11 to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

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LIQUIDITY RISK

Our primary liquidity needs include the procurement of rental vehicles to be used in our operations, servicing of corporate and vehicle-related debt and the payment of operating expenses. The present intention of management is to reinvest the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries indefinitely into our foreign operations. Our primary sources of funding are operating revenue, cash received upon the sale of vehicles, borrowings under our vehicle-backed borrowing arrangements and our senior revolving credit facility, and other financing activities.

Our liquidity position has been impacted by COVID-19 as a result of significant volume declines and we expect the impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. and worldwide economies to continue to affect our volumes even after the outbreak is contained. Our liquidity could be further negatively affected by any financial market disruptions or the absence of a recovery or worsening of the U.S. and worldwide economies, which may result in unfavorable conditions in the mobility industry, in the asset-backed financing market and in the credit markets generally. We believe these factors have affected and could further affect the debt ratings assigned to us by credit rating agencies and the cost of our borrowings. Additionally, a worsening or prolonged downturn in the worldwide economy or a disruption in the credit markets could further impact our liquidity due to (i) decreased demand and pricing for vehicles in the used-vehicle market, (ii) increased costs associated with, and/or reduced capacity or increased collateral needs under, our financings, (iii) the adverse impact of vehicle manufacturers being unable or unwilling to honor their obligations to repurchase or guarantee the depreciation on the related program vehicles and (iv) disruption in our ability to obtain financing due to negative credit events specific to us or affecting the overall debt market.

As of March 31, 2021, we had access to $0.6 billion of available cash and cash equivalents and available borrowings under our revolving credit facility of approximately $0.6 billion, providing us with access to an approximate $1.2 billion of total liquidity. See Note 1 to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements for detailed information on liquidity and management’s plans.

Our liquidity position could also be negatively impacted if we are unable to remain in compliance with our liquidity covenant, the consolidated first lien leverage ratio requirement after the end of the waiver period on June 30, 2021 and other covenants associated with our senior credit facilities and other borrowings. As of March 31, 2021, we were in compliance with the financial covenants governing our indebtedness. For additional information regarding our liquidity risks, see Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our 2020 Form 10-K as well as the “Risk Factors” section in this quarterly report.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Our future contractual obligations have not changed significantly from the amounts reported within our 2020 Form 10-K with the exception of our commitment to purchase vehicles, which decreased by approximately $2.3 billion from December 31, 2020, to approximately $6.4 billion at March 31, 2021 due to the COVID-19 impact on our business. Changes to our obligations related to corporate indebtedness and debt under vehicle programs are presented above within the section titled “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Debt and Financing Arrangements” and also within Notes 10 and 11 to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The results of the majority of our recurring operations are recorded in our financial statements using accounting policies that are not particularly subjective, nor complex. However, in presenting our financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported therein. Several of the estimates and assumptions that we are required to make pertain to matters that are inherently uncertain as they relate to future events. Presented within the section titled “Critical Accounting Policies” of our 2020 Form 10-K are the accounting policies (related to goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, vehicles, income taxes and public liability, property damage and other insurance liabilities) that we believe require subjective and/or complex judgments that could potentially affect 2021 reported results. There have been no significant changes to those accounting policies or our assessment of which accounting policies we would consider to be critical accounting policies.

Goodwill and Other Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets. We perform our annual goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment assessment in the fourth quarter of each year at the reporting unit level, or more

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frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets may be impaired. For our Europe, Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”) reporting unit, the percentage by which the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value as of October 1, 2020 was 17% and the amount of goodwill allocated to our reporting unit was $488 million.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we continued to observe impacts of COVID-19 on our business. We evaluated qualitative factors and determined that an interim impairment test was not required this quarter as we believe it is more likely than not that the fair value of our goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeds the carrying value.

Further deterioration in the general economic conditions in the travel industry may result in an impairment charge to earnings in future quarters. We will continue to closely monitor actual results versus our expectations as well as any significant changes in events or conditions, including the impact of COVID-19 on our business and the travel industry, and the resulting impact to our assumptions about future estimated cash flows, the weighted average cost of capital and market multiples. If our expectations of the operating results, both in magnitude or timing, do not materialize, or if our weighed average cost of capital increases or if market multiples decline, we may be required to record goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charges, which may be material.

New Accounting Standards

For detailed information regarding new accounting standards and their impact on our business, see Note 1 to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates and gasoline prices. We assess our market risks based on changes in interest and currency exchange rates utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential impact on earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change (increase and decrease) in interest and foreign currency exchange rates. We used March 31, 2021 market rates to perform a sensitivity analysis separately for each of these market risk exposures. We have determined, through such analyses, that the impact of a 10% change in interest or currency exchange rates on our results of operations, balance sheet and cash flows would not be material. Additionally, we have commodity price exposure related to fluctuations in the price of unleaded gasoline. We anticipate that such commodity risk will remain a market risk exposure for the foreseeable future. We determined that a 10% change in the price of unleaded gasoline would not have a material impact on our earnings for the period ended March 31, 2021. For additional information regarding our long-term borrowings and financial instruments, see Notes 10, 11 and 15 to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a)Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2021.

(b)Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. During the fiscal quarter to which this report relates, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, the Company had no material developments to report with respect to its legal proceedings. For additional information regarding the Company’s legal proceedings, see Note 12 to our Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements and refer to the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The following risk factor is provided to update the risk factors of the Company previously disclosed in periodic reports filed with the SEC, including its 2020 Form 10-K.

We face risks associated with our suppliers of vehicles, including as a result of a global semiconductor supply shortage.

We have faced, and may face additional delays in receiving delivery of new vehicles from vehicle manufacturers for a variety of reasons, including due to closures at manufacturing facilities or otherwise. In particular, a global semiconductor supply shortage is having wide-ranging effects across multiple industries, particularly the automotive industry, and it has impacted multiple vehicle manufacturers that supply vehicles to us. For example, some automobile plants in North America and elsewhere have halted or reduced vehicle production due to the shortage of semiconductors used in the production of their vehicles. As a result, the semiconductor supply shortage has had, and is expected to continue to have, an impact on new car deliveries, which may make it challenging to meet consumer demand.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds


	Total Number of Shares Purchased (in millions)	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (in millions)	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ($ in millions)
January 2021	—	$	—	—	$	76
February 2021	—	—		—	76
March 2021	0.1	66.62		0.1	66
	0.1	$	66.62	0.1	$	66

The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized the repurchase of up to $1.8 billion of its common stock under a plan originally approved in 2013 and subsequently expanded, most recently in August 2019. The Company’s stock repurchases may occur through open market purchases or trading plans pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The amount and timing of specific repurchases are subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other factors. The repurchase program may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The repurchase program has no set expiration or termination date.

Item 6. Exhibits

See Exhibit Index.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

AVIS BUDGET GROUP, INC.

Date:

May 4, 2021

/s/ Cathleen DeGenova

Cathleen DeGenova

Vice President and

Chief Accounting Officer

Table of Contents

Exhibit Index


Exhibit No.			Description
3.1			Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Avis Budget Group, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 5, 2006).
3.2			Amended and Restated Bylaws of Avis Budget Group, Inc., dated as of August 10, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 13, 2020).
4.1			Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2021, by and among Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC and Avis Budget Finance, Inc., as issuers, the guarantors party thereto and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 1, 2021).
4.2			Indenture, dated as of March 23, 2021, by and among Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC and Avis Budget Finance, Inc., as issuers, the guarantors party thereto and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 23, 2021).
10.1			Amendment to the Senior Credit Agreement, dated February 16, 2021, by and among Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC, Avis Budget Holdings, LLC, Avis Budget Group, Inc., certain of Avis Budget Car Rental, LLC’s subsidiaries, the lenders from time to time party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 16, 2021).
31.1			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13(a)-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
31.2			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13(a)-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
32			Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS			XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema.
101.CAL			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase.
101.DEF			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase.
101.LAB			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase.
101.PRE			XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase.
104			Cover Page Interactive Data File - (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)