tcfc-20201231

Item 11.

Executive Compensation

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Item 12.

Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence

Item 13.

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Item 14.

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

PART IV

Item 15.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Report may not be based on historical facts and are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They often include words like “is optimistic”, “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate” and “intend” or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could” or “may.” Statements in this report that are not strictly historical are forward-looking and are based upon current expectations that may differ materially from actual results. These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, those relating to the Company’s and Community Bank of the Chesapeake’s future growth and management’s outlook or expectations for revenue, assets, asset quality, profitability, business prospects, net interest margin, non-interest revenue, allowance for loan losses, the level of credit losses from lending, liquidity levels, capital levels, or other future financial or business performance strategies or expectations, and any statements of the plans and objectives of management for future operations products or services, including the expected benefits from, and/or the execution of integration plans relating to the County First acquisition or any other acquisition that we undertake in the future; plans and cost savings regarding branch closings or consolidation; any statement of expectation or belief; projections related to certain financial metrics; and any statement of assumptions underlying the foregoing. These forward-looking statements express management’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, results and conditions, and by their nature are subject to and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by the statements made herein.

Factors that might cause actual results to differ materially from those made in such statements include, but are not limited to: risks, uncertainties and other factors relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the length of time that the pandemic continues, the imposition of any shelter in place orders and restrictions on travel, the effect of the pandemic on the general economy and on the businesses of our borrowers and their ability to make payments on their obligations, the remedial actions and stimulus measures adopted by federal, state and local governments, and the inability of employees to work due to illness, quarantine, or government mandates; acquisition integration risks, including potential deposit attrition, higher than expected costs, customer loss, business disruption and the inability to realize benefits and costs savings from, and limit any unexpected liabilities associated with, any business combinations; changes in The Community Financial Corporation or Community Bank of the Chesapeake’s strategy; availability of and costs associated with obtaining adequate and timely sources of liquidity; the ability to maintain credit quality; general business and economic conditions nationally or in the markets that the Company serves could adversely affect, among other things, real estate prices, unemployment levels, the ability of businesses to remain viable and consumer and business confidence, which could lead to decreases in the demand for loans, deposits and other financial services that we provide and increases in loan delinquencies and defaults; changes in interest rates; loss of deposits and loan demand to other financial institutions; substantial changes in financial markets; changes in real estate value and the real estate market; regulatory changes; the impact of impact of government shutdowns or sequestration; the possibility of unforeseen events affecting the industry generally; the effect of the recent presidential election and of legislative or regulatory developments including changes in laws concerning taxes, banking, securities, insurance and other aspects of the financial services industry; the uncertainties associated with newly developed or acquired operations; the outcome of litigation that may arise; market disruptions and other effects of terrorist activities; and the matters described in “Item 1A Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2020, and in the Company’s other Reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The Company’s forward-looking statements may also be subject to other risks and uncertainties, including those that it may discuss elsewhere in this Report or in its filings with the SEC, accessible on the SEC’s Web site at www.sec.gov. The Company undertakes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unforeseen events, except as required under the rules and regulations of the SEC.

You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this document in that actual results could differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements, due to a variety of factors. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of this Report, and we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this Report.

PART I

Item 1. Business

Business

Community Bank of the Chesapeake (the “Bank”) is headquartered in Southern Maryland with 12 branches located in Maryland and Virginia. The Bank is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Community Financial Corporation (the “Company”). The Company provides a variety of financial services to individuals and businesses through its offices in Southern Maryland and Fredericksburg, Virginia. Its primary deposit products are demand, savings and time deposits, and its primary lending products are commercial and residential mortgage loans, commercial loans, construction and land development loans, home equity and second mortgages and commercial equipment loans.

The Company is a bank holding company organized in 1989 under the laws of the State of Maryland. It owns all the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Bank, a Maryland-chartered commercial bank. The Bank was organized in 1950 as Tri-County Building and Loan Association of Waldorf, a mutual savings and loan association, and in 1986 converted to a federal stock savings bank and adopted the name Tri-County Federal Savings Bank. In 1997, the Bank converted to a Maryland-chartered commercial bank and adopted the name Community Bank of Tri-County. Effective October 18, 2013, Community Bank changed its name to become Community Bank of the Chesapeake. The Company engages in no significant activity other than holding the stock of the Bank and operating the business of the Bank. Accordingly, the information set forth in this 10-K, including financial statements and related data, relates primarily to the Bank and its subsidiaries.

The Company’s income is primarily earned from interest received on our loans and investments. Our primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is our deposits. One of the key measures of our success is our net interest income, or the difference between the income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Another key measure is the spread between the yield we earn on these interest-earning assets and the rate we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, which is called our net interest spread. In addition to earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other charges to our customers.

Our customer focus is to serve small and medium sized commercial businesses as well as local municipal agencies and not-for-profits. Relationship teams provide customers with specific banker contacts and a support team to address product and service demands. The Bank believes that its ability to offer fast, flexible, local decision-making will continue to attract significant new business relationships. Our structure provides a consistent and superior level of professional service and excelling at customer service is a critical part of our culture. The Bank’s marketing is directed towards increasing its balances of transactional deposit accounts. The Bank believes that increases in these account types will lessen the Bank’s dependence on higher-cost funding, such as certificates of deposit and borrowings.

We also serve our customers through our website: www.cbtc.com. In addition to providing our customers with 24-hour access to their accounts, and information regarding our products and services, hours of service, and locations, the website provides information about the Company for the investment community. In addition, our filings with the SEC (including our annual report on Form 10-K; our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q; and our current reports on Form 8-K), and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are available without charge, and are posted to the Investor Relations portion of our website. The website also provides information regarding our Board of Directors and management team, as well as Board Committee charters and our corporate governance policies. The content of our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report.

The Bank is engaged in the commercial and retail banking business as authorized by the banking statutes of the States of Maryland and Virginia and applicable federal regulations, including the acceptance of deposits, and the origination of loans. The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the Bank’s primary federal regulator.

Market Area

The Bank considers its principal lending and deposit market area to consist of the tri-county area in Southern Maryland and the greater Fredericksburg area in Virginia. As a result of the Bank’s expansion into the greater Fredericksburg market in 2013, Stafford and Spotsylvania Counties have become part of the Bank’s principal lending and deposit market area. Our market area is one of the fastest growing regions in the country and is home to a mix of federal facilities and industrial and high-tech businesses. The Bank’s primary market areas boast a strong median household income, low unemployment and projected population growth better than national averages. Based on information from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, unemployment rates in the Company’s footprint have historically remained well below the national average.

The presence of several major federal facilities located within the Bank’s footprint and in adjoining counties contribute to economic activity. Major federal facilities include the Patuxent River Naval Air Station in St. Mary’s County, the Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center in Charles County and the Naval Surface Warfare–Naval Support Facility in King George County. In addition, there are several major federal facilities located in adjoining markets including Andrews Air Force Base and Defense Intelligence Agency & Defense Intelligence Analysis Center in Prince Georges County, Maryland and the U.S. Marine Base Quantico, Drug Enforcement Administration Quantico facility and Federal Bureau of Investigation Quantico facility in Prince William County, Virginia. These facilities directly employ thousands of local employees and serve as an important contributor to the region’s overall economic health. The economic health of the region, while stabilized by the influence of the federal government, is not solely dependent on this sector.

Competition

The Bank faces strong competition for deposits and loans primarily from other banks and federal and state credit unions located in its market area. There are more than 20 FDIC-insured depository institutions as well as several large credit unions operating in the Bank’s footprint including several large regional and national bank holding companies. The Bank also faces significant competition for deposits from mutual funds, brokerage firms, online Banks, and other financial service companies. The Bank competes for loans by providing competitive rates, flexible terms and personal service, including customer access to senior decision makers. It competes for deposits by offering depositors a variety of account types, convenient office locations and competitive rates. Other services offered include tax deferred retirement programs, brokerage services through an affiliation with Community Wealth Advisors, cash management services and safe deposit boxes. The Bank has used targeted direct mail, print and online advertising and community outreach to increase its market share of deposits, loans and other services in its market area. It provides ongoing training for its staff to provide high-quality service.

Economy

Economic conditions, competition, and the monetary and fiscal policies of the Federal government significantly affect most financial institutions, including the Bank. Lending and deposit activities and fee income generation are influenced by levels of business spending and investment, consumer income, consumer spending and savings, capital market activities, and competition among financial institutions, as well as customer preferences, interest rate conditions and prevailing market rates on competing products in our market areas.

The local economy strengthened and expanded in 2019 and in early 2020. Economic improvement had resulted in many positive economic trends such as low unemployment, high consumer confidence, increased housing development and stable housing prices. Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, and for the balance of the year, the COVID-19 pandemic created uncertainty around sustainable employment, the effects of a remote workplace, the impact of government stimulus, wage growth and the strength of the dollar. Financial markets have reacted with increased volatility caused by heightened uncertainty. Commercial activity and GDP growth have been and continue to be constrained. The Company's results of operations and financial condition have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and could adversely affect the Company's future performance.

In response to the likely effects on the economy of the pandemic, the Federal Open Market Committee reduced the federal funds rate from a target range of 1.50% to 1.75% to a target range of 0% to 0.25% during 2020. The sharp decline in interest rates in 2020 not only reduced interest income on floating-rate commercial loans and liquid interest-earning assets, but it also reduced competitive pressures and depositor expectations concerning deposit interest rates. In 2020, due to a slightly liability-sensitive balance sheet, the Company increased its net interest margin. Net interest margin increased from 3.29% for the three months ended December 31, 2019 to 3.40% for the three months ended December 31, 2020.

Prior to the economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, the region’s unemployment rate had remained below the national average for the last several years. Currently, while the region's unemployment rate has increased significantly, it is still below the national average. The presence of federal government agencies, as well as significant government facilities, and the related private sector support for these entities, has led to lower unemployment compared to the nation as a whole. These facilities directly employ thousands of local employees and serve as an important player in the region’s overall economic health. In addition, the Bank’s proximity to Washington DC, Annapolis, Northern Virginia and Prince George County has provided the Bank with additional loan and deposit opportunities. These opportunities have positively impacted the Bank’s organic growth.

The impact of government shutdowns or sequestration is more acutely felt in the Bank’s footprint than in the rest of the United States. In addition to the temporary economic impact to government employees, the Bank’s business customers, which include government contractors that directly support the federal government and small businesses that indirectly support the government and its employees, can be impacted with permanent losses of revenue. A prolonged shutdown or a lack of confidence in the federal government’s ability to fund its operations could have an impact to spending and investments in the Company’s footprint. The economic health of the region, while stabilized by the influence of the federal government, is not solely dependent on this sector. Unemployment rates and household income in the Company’s footprint have historically performed better than the national averages.

Overall, management is encouraged by the strength of our local economy.

Lending Activities

General

The Bank offers a wide variety of real estate and commercial loans. The Bank’s lending activities include commercial real estate loans, loans secured by residential rental property, construction loans, land acquisition and development loans, equipment financing, commercial and consumer loans. Most of the Bank’s customers are residents of or businesses located in the Bank’s market area. The Bank’s primary targets for commercial loans consist of small and medium-sized businesses as well as not-for-profits in Southern Maryland, the Annapolis and Prince George's County areas of Maryland and the greater Fredericksburg area of Virginia. For a description of the risk characteristics of the Bank's loan portfolio segments refer to Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Commercial Real Estate ("CRE") and Other Non-Residential Real Estate Loans

The permanent financing of commercial and other improved real estate projects, including office, medical and professional buildings, retail locations, churches, and other special purpose buildings, is the largest component of the Bank’s loan portfolio. The CRE portfolio includes commercial construction that converts after the completion of construction to permanent financing.

Commercial real estate loans are secured by real property and the leases or businesses that produce income for the real property. The Bank generally limits its exposure to a single borrower to 15% of the Bank’s capital and participates with other lenders on larger projects. Loans secured by commercial real estate are generally limited to 80% of the lower of the appraised value or sales price and have an initial contractual loan amortization period ranging from three to 20 years. Interest rates and payments on these loans typically adjust after an initial fixed-rate period, which is generally between three and ten years. Interest rates and payments on adjustable-rate loans are adjusted to a rate based on the United States Treasury Bill Index, London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or other indices. The Company plans to begin transitioning loans referenced to LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") during 2021. The great majority of the Bank’s commercial real estate loans are secured by real estate located in the Bank’s primary market area.

Payments on loans secured by commercial real estate are often dependent on the successful operation of the business or management of the properties. Repayment of such loans may be subject to conditions in the real estate market or the economy. As a result of the greater emphasis that the Bank places on increasing its portfolio of commercial real estate loans, the Bank is increasingly exposed to the risks posed by this type of lending. To monitor cash flows on income properties, the Bank requires borrowers and loan guarantors to provide annual financial statements on commercial real estate loans. In reaching a decision on whether to make a commercial real estate loan, the Bank considers the net operating income of the property, the borrower’s expertise, credit history and profitability, and the value of the underlying property, as well as the borrower’s global cash flows. If a determination is made that there is a potential environmental hazard, the Bank will complete an Environmental Assessment Checklist. If this checklist or the appraisal indicates potential issues, a Phase 1 environmental survey will generally be required.

Residential First Mortgage Loans

Residential first mortgage loans are generally long-term loans, amortized on a monthly or bi-weekly basis, with principal and interest due each payment. These loans are secured by owner-occupied single-family homes. The initial contractual loan payment period for residential loans typically ranges from 10 to 30 years. Residential real estate loans typically remain outstanding for significantly shorter time periods than their contractual terms. Borrowers may refinance or prepay loans at their option, without penalty.

The Bank buys residential first mortgages from other financial institutions. The third-party sources allow the Company to maintain a well-diversified residential portfolio while addressing the credit needs of the communities in its footprint. The Bank’s practice has been to purchase individual residential first mortgage loans as well as the right to service the loans acquired. The Bank generally retains the right to service loans sold for a payment based upon a percentage (generally 0.25% of the outstanding loan balance).

Residential first mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 80% generally carry private mortgage insurance to lower the Bank’s exposure to approximately 80% of the value of the property. The Bank had fewer than 10 loans with private mortgage insurance at December 31, 2020 and 2019. All improved real estate that serves as security for a loan made by the Bank must be insured. Insurance must be maintained through the entire term of the loan and in an amount not less than that amount necessary to pay the Bank’s indebtedness.

Longer-term fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans are subject to greater interest-rate risk due to term and annual and lifetime limitations on interest rate adjustments. Adjustable mortgages are generally adjustable on one-, three-, five-, and seven-year terms with limitations on upward adjustments per re-pricing period and an upward cap over the life of the loan. There are also credit risks resulting from potential increased costs to the borrower as a result of repricing of adjustable-rate mortgage loans. During periods of rising interest rates, the risk of default on adjustable-rate mortgage loans may increase due to the increasing interest costs to the borrower.

Residential Rentals

Residential rental mortgage loans are amortizing, with principal and interest due each month. These loans are non-owner-occupied and secured by income-producing 1-4 family units and apartments. The Bank originates both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential rental first mortgages. Loans secured by residential rental properties are generally limited to 80% of the lower of the appraised value or sales price at origination and have initial contractual loan payments period ranging from three to 20 years. The primary securities on a residential rental loan are the property and the leases that produce income.

Loans secured by residential rental properties involve greater risks than 1-4 family residential mortgage loans. Although, there are similar risk characteristics shared with commercial real estate loans, the balances for the loans secured by residential rental properties are generally smaller. Payments on loans secured by residential rental properties are dependent on the successful operation of the properties and repayment of these loans may be subject to a greater extent to adverse conditions in the rental real estate market or the economy than similar owner-occupied properties.

Construction and Land Development Loans

The Bank offers loans to home builders for the construction of 1-4 family dwellings. Generally, these loans are secured by the real estate under construction as well as by guarantees of the principals involved. Draws are made upon satisfactory completion of predefined stages of construction. The Bank will typically lend up to 80% of the lower of appraised value or the contract purchase price of the homes to be constructed. In addition, the Bank offers loans to acquire and develop land, as well as loans on undeveloped, subdivided lots for home building by individuals. Bank policy requires that zoning and permits must be in place prior to making development loans. The Bank typically lends up to the lower of 75% of the appraised value or cost. The Bank’s ability to originate residential construction and development loans is heavily dependent on the continued demand for single-family housing in the Bank’s market area.

The Bank’s investment in these loans has declined in recent years as the Bank has deemphasized this product line.

Construction and land development loans are inherently riskier than financing owner-occupied real estate. The Bank’s risk of loss is affected by the accuracy of the initial estimate of the market value of the completed project as well as the accuracy of the cost estimates made to complete the project. In addition, volatility in the real estate market can make it difficult to ensure that the valuation of land associated with these loans is accurate. During the construction phase, a number of factors could result in delays and cost overruns. If the estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, the Bank may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the development. If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, a project’s value might be insufficient to assure full repayment. Construction lending often involves the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the project rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If the Bank forecloses on a project, there can be no assurance that the Bank will be able to recover all of the unpaid balance of, and accrued interest on, the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs.

Home Equity and Second Mortgage Loans

The Bank has a portfolio of home equity and second mortgage loans. Home equity loans are generally lines of credit and have terms of up to 20 years, variable rates priced at the then current Wall Street Journal prime rate plus a margin, and require an 80% or 90% loan-to-value ratio (including any prior liens), depending on the specific loan program. Second mortgage loans are fixed or variable-rate loans that have original terms between five and 15 years. These products contain a higher risk of default than residential first mortgages as in the event of foreclosure, the first mortgage must be paid off prior to collection of the second mortgage.

Commercial Loans

The Bank offers its customers commercial loan products including term loans, demand loans, and lines of credit. Loans are generally made for terms of five years or less. The Bank offers both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans. When making commercial business loans, the Bank considers the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s payment history, the projected cash flows of the business, the viability of the industry in which the borrower operates, the value of the collateral, and the borrower’s ability to service the debt from income. These loans are primarily secured by equipment, real property, accounts receivable or other collateral. The availability of funds for the repayment of commercial loans may depend on the success of the business itself. In the case of business failure, collateral would need to be liquidated to provide repayment for the loan. In many cases, the highly specialized nature of collateral would make full recovery from the sale of collateral unlikely.

Consumer Loans

Consumer loans consist of loans secured by automobiles, boats, recreational vehicles and trucks. The Bank also makes home improvement loans and offers both secured and unsecured personal lines of credit. Consumer loans entail greater risk from other loan types due to being secured by rapidly depreciating assets or the reliance on the borrower’s continuing financial stability.

Commercial Equipment Loans

The Bank has an amortizing commercial equipment loan portfolio. These loans consist primarily of fixed-rate, short-term loans collateralized by a commercial customer’s equipment or secured by real property, accounts receivable, or other collateral. When making commercial equipment loans, the Bank considers the same factors it considers when underwriting a commercial business loan. Commercial loans are of higher risk than commercial real estate loans. The availability of funds for the repayment of commercial equipment loans may depend on the success of the business itself. In the case of business failure, collateral would need to be liquidated to provide repayment for the loan. In many cases, the highly specialized nature of collateral equipment would make full recovery from the sale of collateral problematic.

Small Business Administration Payment Protection Program ("SBA PPP")

The U.S. SBA PPP loan was created to address economic hardships resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The program is designed to provide a direct incentive for small businesses to keep their workers on the payroll. SBA will forgive loans if all employee retention criteria are met, and the funds are used for eligible expenses. U.S. SBA PPP loans carry a two-or five-year term at a 1% annual interest rate until the loan is either forgiven or paid. No credit issues are anticipated with SBA PPP loans as they are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration and the Bank's ALLL does not include an allowance for U.S. SBA PPP loans. Management believes all PPP loans were underwritten in accordance with the program's guidelines. The U.S. SBA PPP guidelines indicate that lenders may rely on certifications of the borrower in order to determine eligibility and to rely on specified documents provided by the borrower to determine qualifying loan amount and eligibility for forgiveness. The guidelines further specify that lenders will be held harmless for a borrowers’ failure to comply with program criteria.

Loan Originations, Purchases and Sales

The Bank solicits loan applications through marketing by commercial loan officers, its branch network, and referrals from customers. Loans are processed and approved according to Bank guidelines. Loan processing functions are generally centralized except for small consumer loans.

Residential mortgages are purchased from third-party providers after reviewing loan documents, underwriting support, and completing other procedures.

Depending on market conditions, residential mortgage loans may be classified with the intent to sell to third parties. The Company sold no residential mortgage loans for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

To comply with internal and regulatory limits on loans to one borrower, the Bank may sell portions of commercial, commercial real estate and commercial construction loans to other lenders. The Bank may also buy loans or portions of loans from other lenders. The Bank only purchases loans or portions of loans after reviewing loan documents, underwriting support, and completing other procedures. Purchased participation loans are subject to the same regulatory and internal policy requirements as other loans in the Bank’s portfolio.

Loan Approvals, Procedures and Authority

Loan approval authority is established by Board policy. The Credit Risk Committee (“CRC”) of the Board assists the Board in its oversight responsibilities. The Committee reviews the Bank’s credit risk management, including the significant policies, procedures and practices employed to manage credit risk, and provides recommendations to the Board on credit risk.

All loans and loan relationships that exceed the Bank’s in-house lending limit are required to be approved by at least three (3) members of the Bank’s CRC. In addition, the Board of Directors or the CRC approve all loans required to be approved by regulation, such as Regulation O loans or commercial loans to employees. The in-house lending guideline is approved by the Board and is less than the Bank’s legal lending limit.

The Officer’s Loan Committee ("OLC") consists of the following members of the Bank’s executive management; the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), President, Chief Business Officers of the Virginia and Maryland markets and the Senior Credit Officer ("SCO"). Three members of the OLC must approve all loans that meet the OLC threshold. Loans that fall below the OLC threshold are approved by the appropriate level of line and credit.

Loans to One Borrower

Under Maryland law, the maximum amount that the Bank is permitted to lend to any one borrower and his or her related interests may generally not exceed 10% of the Bank’s unimpaired capital and surplus, which is defined to include the Bank’s capital, surplus, retained earnings and 100% of its reserve for possible loan losses. Under this authority, the Bank would have been permitted to lend up to $21.0 million to any one borrower at December 31, 2020. By interpretive ruling of the Maryland Commissioner, Maryland banks have the option of lending up to the amount that would be permissible for a national bank, which is generally 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus (defined to include a bank’s total capital for regulatory capital purposes plus any loan loss allowances not included in regulatory capital). Under this formula, the Bank would have been permitted to lend up to $33.0 million to any one borrower at December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020, the largest amount outstanding and committed to any one borrower and borrower’s related interests was $20.7 million.

Loan Commitments

The Bank does not normally negotiate standby commitments for the construction and purchase of real estate. It has been the Bank’s experience that few commitments expire unfunded. Refer to Note 18 "Commitments and Contingencies" in the consolidated financial statements for more information.

Maturity of Loan Portfolio

See Management's Discussion and Analysis ("MD&A") for information regarding the dollar amount of loans maturing in the Bank’s portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity as of December 31, 2020.

Asset Classification

Federal regulations require use of an internal asset classification system to report on asset quality. We use an internal asset classification system, substantially consistent with Federal banking regulations, as a part of our credit monitoring system. Federal banking regulations set forth a classification scheme for problem and potential problem assets as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss” assets. An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss reserve is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of these categories but possess weaknesses are required to be designated “special mention.”

When an insured institution classifies assets as “substandard” or “doubtful,” it is required that a specific valuation allowance for loan losses be established in an amount deemed prudent by management. When an insured institution classifies assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of the amount of the asset so classified or to charge off such amount. For additional information regarding the Company's credit quality indicators and risk grading scale refer to Notes 1 and 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the discussion in the MD&A.

Delinquencies

The Bank’s collection procedures provide that when a loan is 15 days delinquent, the borrower is contacted, and payment is requested. If the delinquency continues, efforts will be made to contact the delinquent borrower and obtain payment. If these efforts prove unsuccessful, the Bank will pursue appropriate legal action including repossession of the collateral. In certain instances, the Bank will attempt to modify the loan or grant a limited moratorium on loan payments to enable the borrower to reorganize borrower’s financial affairs. For an analysis of past due loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, refer to Note 3 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The Bank individually evaluates substandard classified loans to determine whether a loan is impaired. Classified doubtful and loss loans, loans delinquent 90 days or greater, non-accrual loans and troubled debt restructures (“TDRs”) are generally considered impaired. For additional information regarding the Company's impairment methodology as well as the allowance for loans losses refer to Notes 1 and 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the discussion in the MD&A under Critical Accounting Policies and Asset Quality.

Non-performing Assets

The Bank’s non-performing assets include other real estate owned, non-accrual loans and TDRs. Both non-accrual and TDR loans include loans that are paid current and are performing in accordance with the term of their original or modified contract terms. For a detailed discussion on asset quality see the MD&A.

Investment Activities

The Bank maintains a portfolio of investment securities to provide liquidity as well as a source of earnings. The Bank’s investment securities portfolio consists of asset-backed mortgage-backed (“MBS”) and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) and other securities issued by U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises (“GSEs”), including FNMA and FHLMC. The Bank also has holdings of privately issued mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Treasury obligations, municipal bonds and other equity and debt securities. The Bank is required to maintain investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank based upon levels of borrowings.

The Bank’s investment policy provides that securities that will be held for indefinite periods of time, including securities that will be used as part of the Bank’s asset/liability management strategy and that may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, prepayments and similar factors are classified as AFS and accounted for at fair value. In December 2019, the Company reclassified the HTM investment portfolio to the AFS investment portfolio. The Bank's primary reasons for the reclassification were to better manage interest rate risks and provide additional on-balance sheet liquidity. Management determined that it no longer had the positive intent to hold its investment in securities classified as HTM until maturity and does not intend to hold HTM securities in the future. There were no HTM investments securities at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Certain of the Company’s asset-backed securities are issued by private issuers (defined as an issuer that is not a government or a government-sponsored entity). The Company had no investments in any private issuer’s securities that aggregate to more than 10% of the Company’s equity. For a discussion of investments see the MD&A and Notes 1 and 2 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Deposits and Other Sources of Funds

General

The funds needed by the Bank to make loans are primarily generated by deposit accounts solicited from its market area. The Company uses brokered deposits and borrowings to supplement funding when loan growth exceeds core deposit growth and for asset-liability management purposes. Reciprocal deposits are used to maximize FDIC insurance available to our customers. During 2018, revisions to the Federal Deposit Insurance Act determined that reciprocal deposits are core deposits and are not considered brokered deposits unless they exceed 20% of a bank’s liabilities or $5.0 billion.

Deposits

The Bank’s deposit products include savings, money market, demand deposit and time deposit accounts. Products and services for deposit customers include safe deposit boxes, night depositories, cash vaults, automated clearinghouse transactions, wire transfers, ATMs, online and telephone banking, retail and business mobile banking, remote deposit capture, FDIC insured reciprocal deposits, merchant card services, credit monitoring, investment services, positive pay, payroll services, account reconciliation, bill pay, credit cards and lockbox. The Bank is a member of ACCEL, Master Card, Cirrus, Allpoint and Star ATM networks as well as the Bazing online membership discount program. As of December 31, 2020, the Bank operated 14 automated teller machines which includes two stand-alone locations.

For a discussion of deposits, see the MD&A and Notes 1 and 7 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Borrowings

Deposits are the primary source of funds for the Bank’s lending and investment activities and for its general business purposes. The Bank uses advances from the FHLB of Atlanta to supplement the supply of funds it may lend and to meet deposit withdrawal requirements. Advances from the FHLB are secured by the Bank’s stock in the FHLB, a portion of the Bank’s loan portfolio and certain investments. Generally, the Bank’s ability to borrow from the FHLB of Atlanta is limited by its available collateral and also by an overall limitation of 30% of assets. Further, short-term credit facilities are available at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and commercial banks. Long-term debt consists of adjustable-rate advances with rates based upon LIBOR (or SOFR), fixed-rate advances, and convertible advances. In addition, during 2020 the Bank added the Federal Reserve Bank's Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility ("PPPLF") to provide liquidity support, if needed, to fund U.S. SBA PPP loans.

For a discussion of borrowing, see the MD&A and Notes 1, 8, 9 and 10 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Subsidiary Activities

The Company has two direct subsidiaries other than the Bank. In July 2004, Tri-County Capital Trust I was established as a statutory trust under Delaware law as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company to issue trust preferred securities. Tri-County Capital Trust I issued $7.0 million of trust preferred securities on July 22, 2004. In June 2005, Tri-County Capital Trust II was also established as a statutory trust under Delaware law as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company to issue trust preferred securities. Tri-County Capital Trust II issued $5.0 million of trust preferred securities on June 15, 2005. For more information regarding these entities, see Note 9 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Bank has one direct subsidiary, Community Mortgage Corporation of Tri-County, that is currently inactive. This corporation was formed in April 1997 as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank to offer mortgage banking, brokerage, and other services to the public.

Human Capital

Our Mission and Culture

Community Bank’s mission is to exceed the expectations of our community, today and tomorrow. The Bank’s corporate culture is defined by core values which include integrity, accountability, professionalism, diversity, community-focused and communicative. We value our employees by investing in competitive compensation and benefit packages and fostering a team environment centered on professional service and open communication. Attracting, retaining and developing qualified, engaged employees who embody these values are crucial to the success of the Bank and Company.We believe that relations with our employees are good.

Employee Demographics

As of December 31, 2020, Community Bank employed 191 full and part time employees (189 full time equivalent employees) of which approximately 76% were women. Minorities represented approximately 22% of the Bank’s workforce. The Bank’s employees were not represented by a collective bargaining agreement.

The Company has no employees and reimburses the Bank for estimated expenses, including an allocation of salaries and benefits.

Diversity and Inclusion

We are committed to building a diverse workforce and an inclusive work environment which are supported by our culture and values. We strive to attract and retain employees with diverse characteristics, backgrounds and perspectives, which inspires our team to achieve more creative and innovative solutions for our customers. With a commitment to equality, inclusion and workplace diversity, we focus on understanding, accepting, and valuing the differences between people. Our commitment to equal employment opportunities is demonstrated through an affirmative action plan which includes annual compensation analyses, ongoing reviews of our selection and hiring practices and an annual review of our plan to ensure we build and maintain a diverse workforce.

Compensation and Benefits

The Bank’s compensation and benefits package is designed to attract and retain a talented workforce. The Bank’s minimum wage for entry level positions is $15.00 per hour. In addition to salaries, benefits include a 401(k) plan with an employer matching contribution, an employee stock ownership plan, medical insurance benefits, paid short-term and long-term disability and life insurance, flexible spending accounts, tuition reimbursement, wellness benefits, paid time off, family leave and an employee assistance program.

Professional Development

The Bank invests in the growth of its employees by providing access to professional development and continuing education courses and seminars that are relevant to the banking industry and their job function within the Company. We offer our employees the opportunity to participate in various professional and leadership development programs. On-demand training opportunities include a variety of industry, technical, professional, business development, leadership and regulatory topics. Training to communicate the Bank’s culture, behavioral standards and expectations to employees is an important part of our training program.

Employee Health and Safety

The safety, health and wellness of our employees is a top priority. The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique challenges to maintain employee safety while continuing successful operations. To support our employees and customers during this time the Bank developed a pandemic response plan which established a phased approach for operating in the pandemic environment. The Bank greatly expanded remote work, established employee engagement and feedback initiatives to understand and respond to employee needs and concerns, broadened benefit offerings and established safety protocols regarding cleaning, personal hygiene and physical distancing to minimize the spread of illness in our work environments. The Bank did not furlough or lay-off any employees as a result of the pandemic.

Supervision and Regulation

Regulation of the Company

General

As a bank holding company, the Company is subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), and the regulations of the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board also has enforcement authority over bank holding companies, including the ability to assess civil money penalties, to issue cease and desist or removal orders, and to require that a bank holding company divest subsidiaries (including its bank subsidiaries). In general, enforcement actions may be initiated for violations of law and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices.

The following discussion summarizes certain of the regulations applicable to the Company but does not purport to be a complete description of such regulations and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations involved.

Acquisition of Control

A bank holding company, with certain exceptions, must obtain Federal Reserve Board approval before (1) acquiring ownership or control of another bank or bank holding company if it would own or control more than 5% of the voting shares of such bank or bank holding company (2) acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of another bank or bank holding company; or (3) merging with another bank holding company. In evaluating such application, the Federal Reserve Board considers factors such as the financial condition and managerial resources of the companies involved, the convenience and needs of the communities to be served and competitive factors. Federal law provides that no person may acquire “control” of a bank holding company or insured bank without the approval of the appropriate federal regulator. Control is defined to mean direct or indirect ownership, control of 25% or more of any class of voting stock, control of the election of a majority of the bank’s directors or a determination by the Federal Reserve Board that the acquirer has or would have the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of the institution.

The Maryland Financial Institutions Code additionally prohibits any person from acquiring more than 10% of the outstanding shares of any class of securities of a bank or bank holding company or electing a majority of the directors or directing the management or policies of any such entity, without the prior approval of the Commissioner. The Commissioner may deny approval of the acquisition if the Commissioner determines it to be anti-competitive or to threaten the safety or soundness of a banking institution.

Permissible Activities

A bank holding company is limited in its activities to banking, managing or controlling banks, or providing services for its subsidiaries. Other permitted non-bank activities have been identified as closely related to banking. Bank holding companies that are “well capitalized” and “well managed” and whose financial institution subsidiaries have satisfactory Community Reinvestment Act records can elect to become “financial holding companies,” which are permitted to engage in a broader range of financial activities than are permitted to bank holding companies. The Company has not opted to become a financial holding company.

The Federal Reserve Board has the power to order a holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any activity, or to terminate its ownership or control of any subsidiary, when it has reasonable cause to believe that the continuation of such activity or such ownership or control constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of any bank subsidiary of that holding company.

The Maryland Financial Institutions Code provides that no bank holding company may acquire a Maryland bank holding company or a Maryland bank without the approval of the Commissioner. The Commissioner may deny approval of an application if the acquisition may (1) be detrimental to the safety and soundness of the Maryland bank holding company or Maryland bank to be acquired or (2) result in undue concentration of resources or a substantial reduction of competition in the state.

The Maryland Financial Institutions Code additionally prohibits any person from acquiring more than 25% of the outstanding voting shares of any class of securities of a Maryland bank or Maryland bank holding company, or directing the management or policies of any such entity, without the prior approval of the Commissioner. The Commissioner may deny approval of the acquisition if the Commissioner determines it to be anti-competitive or to threaten the safety or soundness of a banking institution.

Dividend

The Federal Reserve Board has the power to prohibit dividends by bank holding companies if their actions constitute unsafe or unsound practices. The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement on the payment of cash dividends by bank holding companies, which expresses the Federal Reserve Board’s view that a bank holding company should pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company’s net income for the past year is sufficient to cover both the cash dividends and a prospective rate of earnings retention that is consistent with the company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. The Federal Reserve Board also indicated that it would be inappropriate for a bank holding company experiencing serious financial problems or that has inadequate capital to borrow funds to pay dividends. Under the prompt corrective action regulations adopted by the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Reserve Board may prohibit a bank holding company from paying any dividends if the holding company’s bank subsidiary is classified as “undercapitalized.” See “Regulation of the Bank – Capital Adequacy.”

Sources of Strength

The Dodd-Frank Act codified the source of strength doctrine requiring bank holding companies to serve as a source of strength for their depository subsidiaries, by providing capital, liquidity and other support in times of financial stress.

Stock Repurchases

A bank holding company is generally is required to give the Federal Reserve Board prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of its outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve Board may disapprove such a purchase or redemption. This requirement does not apply to bank holding companies that are “well capitalized,” “well-managed” and are not the subject of any unresolved supervisory issues.

Capital Requirement

The Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate consolidated capital requirements for depository institution holding companies that are no less stringent, both quantitatively and in terms of components of capital, than those applicable to institutions themselves. Consolidated regulatory capital requirements identical to those applicable to the subsidiary banks apply to bank holding companies; as is the case with institutions themselves, the capital conservation buffer was phased in between 2016 and 2019. However, the Federal Reserve Board has provided a “small bank holding company” exception to its consolidated capital requirements, and legislation and the related issuance of regulations by the Federal Reserve Board has increased the threshold for the exception to $3.0 billion. As a result, the Company will not be subject to the capital requirement until such time as its consolidated assets exceed $3.0 billion.

Regulation of the Bank

General

The Bank is a Maryland commercial bank and its deposit accounts are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Bank is subject to supervision, examination and regulation by the Commissioner of Financial Regulation of the State of Maryland (the “Commissioner”) and the FDIC.

The Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) as an independent bureau of the Federal Reserve System. The CFPB assumed responsibility for implementing federal consumer financial protection and fair lending laws and regulations, a function formerly handled by federal bank regulatory agencies. However, institutions of less than $10 billion, such as the Bank, will continue to be examined for compliance with consumer protection or fair lending laws and regulations by, and be subject to enforcement authority of their primary federal regulators.

The following discussion summarizes regulations applicable to the Bank but does not purport to be a complete description of such regulations and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations involved.

Capital Adequacy

Federal regulations require FDIC-insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6%, a total capital to risk-based assets ratio of 8%, and a Tier 1 capital to average assets leverage ratio of 4%.

For purposes of the regulatory capital requirements, common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital contains capital instruments and related surplus, meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that made such an election regarding the treatment of accumulated other comprehensive income “AOCI”), up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Institutions that have not exercised the AOCI opt-out have AOCI incorporated into common equity Tier 1 capital (including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale-securities). The Bank exercised the opt-out and therefore does not include AOCI in its regulatory capital determinations. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.

In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets (such as recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests) are multiplied by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. For example, a risk weight of 0% is assigned to cash and U.S. government securities, a risk weight of 50% is generally assigned to prudently underwritten first lien 1-4 family residential mortgages, a risk weight of 100% is assigned to commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight of 150% is assigned to certain past due loans and a risk weight of between 0% to 600% is assigned to permissible equity interests, depending on certain specified factors.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted asset above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer requirement began being phased in starting on January 1, 2016 at 0.625% of risk-weighted assets and increased each year until fully implemented at 2.5% on January 1, 2019. At December 31, 2020, the Bank exceeded the fully phased in regulatory requirement for the capital conservation buffer.

The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act enacted in May 2018 required the federal banking agencies, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, to establish for banks with assets of less than $10 billion of assets a community bank leverage ratio (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) of 8% to 10%. A qualifying community bank with capital meeting the specified requirements (including off balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of total assets and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total assets) and electing to follow the alternative framework is considered to meet all applicable regulatory capital requirements including the risk-based requirements. The community bank leverage ratio was established at 9% Tier 1 capital to total average assets, effective January 1, 2020. A qualifying bank may opt in and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report. A bank that ceases to meet any qualifying criteria is provided with a two-quarter grace period to comply with the community bank leverage ratio requirements or the general capital regulations by the federal regulators. In addition, Section 4012 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act of 2020 required that the community bank leverage ratio be temporarily lowered to 8%. The federal regulators issued a rule making the lower ratio effective April 23, 2020. The rules also established a two-quarter grace period for a qualifying community bank whose leverage ratio falls below the 8% community bank leverage ratio requirement so long as the bank maintains a leverage ratio of 7% or greater. Another rule was issued providing for the transition back to the 9% community bank leverage ratio, increasing the ratio to 8.5% for calendar year 2021 and to 9% thereafter. The Bank has not elected to utilize the community bank leverage ratio alternative reporting framework.

Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action

Federal law requires, among other things, that federal bank regulatory authorities take “prompt corrective action” with respect to institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. For such purposes, the law establishes five capital tiers: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized.

An institution is deemed to be “well capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 10% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8% or greater, a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.5% or greater, and a leverage capital ratio of 5% or greater, and is not subject to a regulatory order, agreement, or directive to meet and maintain a specific capital level for any capital measure. An institution is deemed to be “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8% or greater, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6% or greater, a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 4.5% or greater and generally a leverage capital ratio of 4% or greater. An institution is deemed to be “undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 8%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 6%, a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4.5% or generally a leverage capital ratio of less than 4%. An institution is deemed to be “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of less than 6%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 4%, a common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of less than 3% or a leverage capital ratio of less than 3%. An institution is deemed to be “critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio of tangible equity (as defined in the regulations) to total assets that is equal to or less than 2%.

“Undercapitalized” institutions are subject to growth, capital distribution (including dividend), and other limitations, and are required to submit a capital restoration plan. An institution’s compliance with such a plan is required to be guaranteed by any company that controls the undercapitalized institution in an amount equal to the lesser of 5% of the bank’s total assets when deemed undercapitalized or the amount necessary to achieve the status of adequately capitalized. If an undercapitalized institution fails to submit an acceptable plan, it is treated as if it is “significantly undercapitalized.” Significantly undercapitalized institutions are subject to one or more additional restrictions including, but not limited to, a regulatory order requiring them to sell sufficient voting stock to become adequately capitalized; requirements to reduce total assets, cease receipt of deposits from correspondent banks, or dismiss directors or officers; and restrictions on interest rates paid on deposits, compensation of executive officers, and capital distributions by the parent holding company.

Beginning 60 days after becoming “critically undercapitalized,” critically undercapitalized institutions also may not make any payment of principal or interest on certain subordinated debt, extend credit for a highly leveraged transaction, or enter into any material transaction outside the ordinary course of business. In addition, subject to a narrow exception, the appointment of a receiver is required for a critically undercapitalized institution within 270 days after it obtains such status.

Branching

Maryland law provides that, with the approval of the Commissioner, Maryland banks may establish branches within Maryland and may establish branches in other states by any means permitted by the laws of such state or by federal law. The FDIC may approve interstate branching by merger in any state that did not opt out and de novo in states that specifically allow for such branching.

Dividend Limitations

Maryland banks may only pay cash dividends from undivided profits or, with the prior approval of the Commissioner, their surplus in excess of 100% of required capital stock. Maryland banks may not declare a stock dividend unless their surplus, after the increase in capital stock, is equal to at least 20% of the outstanding capital stock as increased. If the surplus of the bank, after the increase in capital stock, is less than 100% of its capital stock as increased, the commercial bank must annually transfer to surplus at least 10% of its net earnings until the surplus is 100% of its capital stock as increased.

Insurance of Deposit Accounts

The Bank’s deposits are insured up to applicable limits by the Deposit Insurance Fund of the FDIC. The deposit insurance per account owner is currently $250,000.

Under the FDIC risk-based assessment system, insured institutions are assigned to one of four risk categories based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other factors, with less risky institutions paying lower assessments. The initial base assessment rate ranges from three to 30 basis points depending on the assessment category. The rate schedules will automatically adjust in the future when the Deposit Insurance Fund reaches certain milestones. No institution may pay a dividend if in default of the federal deposit insurance assessment.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC or its prudential banking regulator. The management of the Bank does not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of deposit insurance.

Pursuant to the FDIC’s examination policies, the Bank is required to actively monitor large deposit relationships and concentration risks. This includes monitoring deposit concentrations and maintaining fund management policies and strategies that take into account potentially volatile concentrations and significant deposits that mature simultaneously. The FDIC defines a large depositor as a customer or entity that owns or controls 2% or more of the Bank’s total deposits. Examiners are charged with considering the overall relationship between customers and the institution when assessing the volatility of large deposits, and key considerations include potential cash flow fluctuations, pledging requirements, affiliated relationships, and the narrow interest spreads that may be associated with large deposits.

Reserve Requirements

Under federal regulations, the Bank is required to maintain non-interest earning reserves against transaction accounts (primarily Negotiable Order of Withdrawal ("NOW") and regular checking accounts) require that the amounts be adjusted annually. Initially, for 2020: (i) a 3% reserve ratio was assessed on net transaction accounts up to and including $127.5 million; and (ii) a 10% reserve ratio was applied above $127.5 million with the first $16.9 million of otherwise reservable balances (subject to adjustments by the Federal Reserve Board) exempted from the reserve requirements. However, on March 15, 2020, the Federal Reserve Board reduced the reserve requirement to 0% effective as of March 26, 2020, which eliminated reserve requirements for all depository institutions.

Transactions with Affiliates

The Bank, as a state nonmember bank, is limited in the amount of “covered transactions” with any affiliate. Covered transactions must also be on terms substantially the same, or at least as favorable, to the Bank or subsidiary as those provided to a non-affiliate. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans, purchase of assets, issuance of a guarantee and similar types of transactions. Certain covered transactions, such as loans to affiliates, must meet collateral requirements. At December 31, 2020, we had no transactions with affiliates.

Loans to directors, executive officers and principal stockholders of a state nonmember bank must be made on substantially the same terms as those prevailing for comparable transactions with persons who are not executive officers, directors, principal stockholders or employees of the bank. Loans to any executive officer, director and principal stockholder together with all other outstanding loans to such person and affiliated interests generally may not exceed 15% of the Bank’s unimpaired capital and surplus and all loans to such persons may not exceed the institution’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. Loans to directors, executive officers and principal stockholders, and their respective affiliates, in excess of the greater of $25,000 or 5% of capital and surplus, or any loans cumulatively aggregating $500,000 or more, must be approved in advance by a majority of the board of directors of the Bank with any “interested” director not participating in the voting. State nonmember banks are prohibited from paying the overdrafts of any of their executive officers or directors unless payment is made pursuant to a written, pre-authorized interest-bearing extension of credit plan that specifies a method of repayment or transfer of funds from another account at the Bank. In addition, loans to executive officers may not be made on terms more favorable than those afforded other borrowers and are restricted as to type, amount and terms of credit.

Enforcement

The Commissioner has enforcement authority over Maryland banks. This includes the ability to issue cease and desist orders and civil money penalties and to remove directors or officers. The Commissioner may also take possession of a Maryland bank whose capital is impaired and seek to have a receiver appointed by a court. The FDIC has primary federal enforcement responsibility over state banks under its jurisdiction, including the authority to bring enforcement action against all “institution-related parties,” including stockholders, and any attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on an institution. Formal enforcement action may range from the assessment of civil money penalties (or criminal penalties, in cases of financial institution crimes), the issuance of capital directive or a cease-and-desist order for the removal of officers and/or directors, receivership, conservatorship or termination of deposit insurance.

Other Regulations

The Bank’s operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, including the:

•Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;

•Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, requiring that borrowers for mortgage loans for 1-4 family residential real estate receive various disclosures, including good faith estimates of settlement costs, lender servicing and escrow account practices, and prohibiting certain practices that increase the cost of settlement services;

•Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, requiring financial institutions to assist U.S. government agencies to detect and prevent money laundering;

•Home Mortgage Disclosure Act of 1975, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;

•Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;

•Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1978, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies; and

•Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies; and rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws.

The operations of the Bank also are subject to laws such as the:

•Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records;

•Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services; and

•Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check.

•Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act privacy statute which requires each depository institution to disclose its privacy policy, identify parties with whom certain nonpublic customer information is shared and provide customers with certain rights to “opt out” of disclosure to certain third parties;

•Title III of The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (referred to as the “USA PATRIOT Act”), which significantly expands the responsibilities of financial institutions in preventing the use of the United States financial system to fund terrorist activities. Among other things, the USA PATRIOT Act and the related regulations requires banks operating in the United States to develop anti-money laundering compliance programs, due diligence policies and controls to facilitate the detection and reporting of money laundering;

•The Fair and Accurate Reporting Act of 2003, as an amendment to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, as noted previously, which includes provisions to help reduce identity theft by providing procedures for the identification, detection, and response to patterns, practices, or specific activities—known as “red flags”; and

•Truth in Savings Act, which establishes the requirement for clear and uniform disclosure of terms and conditions regarding deposit interest and fees to help promote economic stability, competition between depository institutions, and allow the consumer to make informed decisions.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Risks

An investment in shares of our common stock involves various risks. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be harmed by any of the following risks or by other risks that have not been identified or that we may believe are immaterial or unlikely. The value or market price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment. The risks discussed below also include forward-looking statements, and our actual results may differ substantially from those discussed in these forward-looking statements.

Risks Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The widespread outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely affected, and will likely continue to adversely affect, our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The longer the pandemic persists, the more material the ultimate effects are likely to be.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to negatively impact economic and commercial activity and financial markets, both globally and within the United States. Early in the pandemic, stay-at-home orders, travel restrictions and closure of non-essential businesses resulted in significant business and operational disruptions, including business closures, supply chain disruptions, and mass layoffs and furloughs. Though these early restrictions have generally been lifted or eased, continuing capacity restrictions and health and safety recommendations that discourage travel and encourage continued physical distancing and teleworking have limited the ability of businesses to return to pre-pandemic levels of activity and employment.

The pandemic has adversely impacted and is likely to further adversely impact our workforce and operations and the operations of our borrowers, customers and business partners. To date, the pandemic has:

•caused some of our borrowers to be unable to meet existing payment obligations, particularly those borrowers disproportionately affected by business shutdowns and travel restrictions, such as those operating in the hotel, restaurant and retail industries;

•required that we significantly increase the allowance for loan losses, which adversely impacted net income in 2020; and

•caused changes in consumer and business spending, borrowing and saving habits, which has affected the demand for loans and other products and services we offer, as well as the creditworthiness of potential and current borrowers.

As a result of the pandemic, we may experience financial losses due to a number of operational factors impacting us or our borrowers, customers or business partners, including but not limited to the following:

•Demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income;

•Credit losses resulting from financial stress being experienced by our borrowers and related governmental actions, particularly in the hospitality, energy, retail and restaurant industries, but across other industries as well;

•Continued high levels of unemployment would likely result in loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, and increased charge-offs;

•Value of collateral for loans may decline, especially real estate, which could cause loan losses to increase;

•Our allowance for loan losses may need to be increased, particularly if our borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods, which will adversely affect our net income;

•Net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us;

•As the result of the decline in the Federal Reserve Board’s target federal funds rate, the yield on our assets may decline to a greater extent than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin and spread and reducing net income;

•A reduction in our quarterly cash dividend due to a material decrease in net income;

•Operational failures due to changes in our normal business practices necessitated by the pandemic and related governmental actions;

•Reduced availability, productivity or loss of our employees or key executive officers;

•Increased cyber and payment fraud risk, as cybercriminals attempt to take advantage of increased online and remote activity;

•Prolonged weakness in economic conditions resulting in a reduction of future projected earnings could result in our recording a valuation allowance against our current outstanding deferred tax assets;

•The inability of third party vendors to provide critical services due to the pandemic could have an adverse effect on us; and

•Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation premiums may increase if the agency experiences additional resolution costs.

The longer the pandemic persists, the more pronounced the ultimate effects are likely to be. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately affect our business is unknown and will depend, among other things, on the duration of the pandemic, the actions undertaken by national, state and local governments and health officials to contain the virus or mitigate its effects, the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines that have been developed and the ability of pharmaceutical companies and governments to manufacture and distribute those vaccines, and how quickly and to what extent economic conditions improve and normal business and operating conditions resume.

We have granted payment deferrals to borrowers that have experienced financial hardship due to COVID-19, and if those borrowers are unable to resume making payments we will experience an increase in non-accrual loans, which could adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers during this unprecedented situation and as outlined in the CARES Act and subsequent legislation and regulatory guidance, we offered payment deferral programs for our business and individual customers who were adversely affected by the pandemic. Depending on the demonstrated need of the client, we deferred either the full loan payment or the principal component of the loan payment between 90 and 180 days. Through December 31, 2020, we had granted accommodations with respect to loans with a total value of approximately $280.8 million. As of December 31, 2020, $35.4 million loans remained subject to a payment accommodation, which represented 2.4% of gross portfolio loans. Upon the expiration of the deferral period, borrowers are required to resume making previously scheduled loan payments. While interest and fees will still accrue to income, should eventual credit losses on these deferred payments emerge or if a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, interest income and fees accrued would need to be reversed. We anticipate that some borrowers may be unable to make timely loan payments after their deferral period ends, in which case their loans will be classified as non-accrual and we will begin collection activities. Non-performing loans and related charge-offs may increase significantly in 2021 as payment deferrals expire and the impact of government stimulus programs wanes. An increase in non-performing loans and charge-offs would cause us to increase our allowance for credit losses, which would adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

Customary means to collect non-performing assets may be prohibited or impractical during the COVID-19 pandemic, and there is a risk that collateral securing a non-performing asset may deteriorate if we choose not to, or are unable to, foreclose on collateral on a timely basis.

We suspended primary residential property foreclosure sales beginning in March 2020. Separately, governments have adopted or may adopt in the future regulations or promulgate executive orders that restrict or limit our ability to take certain actions with respect to delinquent borrowers that we would otherwise take in the ordinary course, such as customary collection and foreclosure procedures. Maryland’s Governor has issued an Executive Order providing that until the COVID-19 state of emergency is terminated: (1) foreclosure sales will only be valid if the servicer had notified the borrower of their rights to request a forbearance, and (2) residential and commercial evictions are prohibited if the tenant can show they suffered a substantial loss of income. The District of Columbia has also imposed a moratorium on evictions. There is a risk that the value of collateral securing a non-accrual loan may deteriorate if we choose not to, or are unable to, foreclose on the collateral on a timely basis.

We may experience losses, additional expense and reputational harm arising out of our origination of PPP loans.

We originated $140.9 million of PPP loans to over 971 borrowers. The vast majority of our PPP loans were made to existing borrowers or deposit customers and we have not recorded an allowance for loan losses on these loans due to the guarantee of the SBA . We may incur losses on some of our PPP loans if the loans are not forgiven, the borrowers default and the SBA does not honor its guarantee due to an error made by us in making the loan, the ineligibility of the borrower or otherwise. In addition, we may experience reputational harm arising out of our origination of PPP loans as a result of reports of borrower fraud, concerns about whether small businesses sufficiently benefited from the program, and government administration of the loan forgiveness process. Further, there have been lawsuits against other banks alleging that various PPP lenders improperly prioritized existing customers when those lenders approved PPP loans and that various PPP lenders failed to pay required agency fees to third parties who allegedly assisted businesses with PPP loan applications. We may experience additional expense and reputational harm arising out of our origination of PPP loans if we become subject to a similar lawsuit.

Credit Risks

Our increased emphasis on commercial lending may expose us to increased credit risks.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, our loan portfolio included $1,049.1 million, or 69.8%, and $964.8 million, or 66.3%, respectively, of commercial real estate loans, $139.1 million, or 9.2%, and $123.6 million, or 8.5%, respectively, of residential rental loans, $52.9 million, or 3.5% and $63.1 million, or 4.3%, respectively of commercial business loans and $61.7 million, or 4.1% and $63.6 million, or 4.4%, respectively, of commercial equipment loans. We intend to maintain our emphasis on these types of loans. These types of loans generally expose a lender to greater risk of non-payment and loss and require a commensurately higher loan loss allowance than owner-occupied 1-4 family residential mortgage loans because repayment of the loans often depends on the successful operation of the property and the income stream of the borrowers. Such loans typically involve larger loan balances compared to 1-4 family residential mortgage loans. Commercial business and equipment loans expose us to additional risks since they typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayments from the cash flows of the borrower’s business and are secured by non-real estate collateral that may depreciate over time. Also, many of our commercial borrowers have more than one loan outstanding with us. Consequently, an adverse development with respect to one loan or one credit relationship can expose us to a significantly greater risk of loss compared to an adverse development with respect to a 1-4 family residential mortgage loan. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $16.9 million, or 92.9% and $16.6 million, or 92.8%, respectively, of our non-accrual loans of $18.2 million and $17.9 million, respectively, consisted of commercial loans.

Imposition of limits by the bank regulators on commercial real estate lending activities could curtail the Company’s growth and adversely affect its earnings.

In 2006, the federal banking regulators issued joint guidance entitled “Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices,” referred to herein as the CRE Guidance. Although the CRE Guidance did not establish specific lending limits, it provides that a bank’s commercial real estate lending exposure could receive increased supervisory inquiry where total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, including loans secured by apartment buildings, investor commercial real estate, and construction and land loans, represent 300% or more of an institution’s total risk-based capital, and the outstanding balance of the commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased by 50% or more during the preceding 36 months. Additionally, in December 2015, the federal banking regulators released a new statement on prudent risk management for commercial real estate lending, that indicated the intent to continue “to pay special attention” to commercial real estate lending activities and concentrations going forward. If the FDIC, the Bank’s primary federal regulator, were to impose restrictions on the amount of commercial real estate loans the Bank can hold in its portfolio, for reasons noted above or otherwise, the Company’s earnings could be adversely affected. At December 31, 2020, the Bank’s total non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans, including loans secured by apartment buildings, investor commercial real estate, and construction and land loans represented 316.05% of the Bank’s total risk-based capital. Management has established a CRE lending framework to monitor specific exposures and limits by types within the CRE portfolio and takes appropriate actions, as necessary.

We may be required to make further increases in our provision for loan losses and to charge-off additional loans in the future. Further, our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, we recorded a provision for loan losses of $10.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively. We also recorded net loan charge-offs of $2.2 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our non-accrual loans, OREO and accruing TDRs aggregated $21.9 million, or 1.08% of total assets and $26.3 million, or 1.46% of total assets, respectively, at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Additionally, loans that were classified as special mention and substandard were $26.9 million and $26.9 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020 and 2019. We had no loans classified as doubtful or loss at December 31, 2020 and 2019. If the economy and/or the real estate market weakens, more of our classified loans may become non-performing and we may be required to take additional provisions to increase our allowance for loan losses for these assets as the value of the collateral may be insufficient to pay any remaining net loan balance, which would have a negative effect on our results of operations. We maintain an allowance for loan losses to provide for loans in our portfolio that may not be repaid in their entirety. We believe that our allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level adequate to absorb probable losses inherent in our loan portfolio as of the corresponding balance sheet date.

Our estimates of the risk of loss and amount of loss on any loan are complicated by the significant uncertainties surrounding our borrowers’ abilities to successfully execute their business models through changing economic environments, competitive challenges and other factors. Because of the degree of uncertainty and susceptibility of these factors to change, our actual losses may vary from our current estimates. Additionally, our regulators, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses by recognizing additional provisions for loan losses charged to expense, or to decrease our allowance for loan losses by recognizing loan charge-offs. Any such additional provisions for loan losses or charge-offs, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may experience increased levels of non-performing loans, charge-offs and delinquencies, which would require additional increases in our provision for loan losses.

Credit risks are inherent in making any loan, including risks inherent in dealing with individual borrowers, risks of non-payment, risks resulting from uncertainties as to the future value of collateral and cash flows available to service debt and risks resulting from changes in economic and market conditions. Our credit risk approval and monitoring procedures may not mitigate these credit risks, and they cannot be expected to completely eliminate our credit risks. If the overall economic climate in the United States, generally, or our market areas, specifically, fails to improve, or even if it does improve, our borrowers may experience difficulties in repaying their loans, and the level of non-performing loans, charge-offs and delinquencies could rise and require further increases in the provision for loan losses, which would cause our net income and return on equity to decrease.

Non-performing and classified assets could take significant time to resolve and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and could result in further losses in the future.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, our non-accrual loans totaled $18.2 million, or 1.21% of our loan portfolio and $17.9 million, or 1.23% of our loan portfolio, respectively. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, our non-accrual loans, OREO and accruing TDRs totaled $21.9 million, or 1.08% of total assets and $26.3 million, or 1.46% of total assets, respectively. Our non-performing assets adversely affect our net income in various ways. We do not accrue interest income on non-accrual loans or foreclosed properties, thereby adversely affecting our net income and returns on assets and equity, increasing our loan administration costs and adversely affecting our efficiency ratio. When we take collateral in foreclosure and similar proceedings, we are required to mark the collateral to its fair market value less estimated selling costs, which may result in a loss. These non-performing loans and foreclosed properties also increase our risk profile and the amount of capital our regulators believe is appropriate to maintain in light of such risks. The resolution of non-performing assets requires significant time commitments from management and can be detrimental to the performance of their other responsibilities. If we experience increases in non-performing loans and non-performing assets, our net interest income will be negatively impacted, and our loan administration costs could increase, each of which could have an adverse effect on our net income and related ratios, such as return on assets and equity.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019 our total classified assets were $22.4 million and $34.6 million, respectively. While we continue to accrue interest income on classified loans that are performing, classified loans and other classified assets may negatively impact profitability by requiring additional management attention and regular monitoring. Increased monitoring of these assets by management may impact our management’s ability to focus on opportunistic growth, potentially adversely impacting future profitability.

Our residential mortgage loans and home equity loans expose us to a risk of loss due to declining real estate values.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $133.8 million, or 8.9%, of our total loan portfolio, and $167.7 million, or 11.5%, of our total loan portfolio, respectively, consisted of owner-occupied 1-4 family residential mortgage loans. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $29.1 million, or 1.9%, of our total loan portfolio and $36.1 million, or 2.5%, of our total loan portfolio, respectively, consisted of home equity loans and lines of credit. Declines in the housing market could result in declines in real estate values in our market area. A decline in real estate values could cause some of our mortgage and home equity loans to be inadequately collateralized, which would expose us to a greater risk of loss if we seek to recover on defaulted loans by selling the real estate collateral.

Our asset valuation methodologies, estimations and assumptions may be subject to differing interpretations and could result in changes to asset valuations that materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition.

We must use estimates, assumptions, and judgments when financial assets and liabilities are measured and reported at fair value. Assets and liabilities carried at fair value inherently result in a higher degree of financial statement volatility. Fair values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based on quoted market prices and/or other observable inputs provided by independent third-party sources, when available. When such third-party information is not available, we estimate fair value primarily by using cash flows and other financial modeling techniques utilizing assumptions such as credit quality, liquidity, interest rates and other relevant inputs. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions, or estimates in any of these areas could materially impact our future financial condition and results of operations.

During periods of market disruption, including periods of significantly rising or high interest rates, rapidly widening credit spreads or illiquidity, it may be difficult to value some of our assets if trading becomes less frequent and market data becomes less observable. There may be asset classes that were in active markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the financial environment. In such cases, asset valuation may require more subjectivity and management judgment. As such, valuations may include inputs and assumptions that are less observable or require greater estimation.

We may be adversely affected by economic conditions in our market area, which is significantly dependent on federal government and military employment and programs.

Our marketplace is primarily in the counties of Charles, Calvert, St. Mary’s and Anne Arundel, Maryland and neighboring communities, and the Fredericksburg area of Virginia. Many, if not most, of our customers live and/or work in those counties or in the greater Washington, DC metropolitan area. A significant portion of the population in our market area is affiliated with or employed by the federal government or at military facilities located in the area which contribute to the local economy. Because our services are concentrated in this market, we are affected by the general economic conditions in the greater Washington, DC area. Additionally, changes in the economy may influence the growth rate of our loans and deposits, the quality of the loan portfolio and loan and deposit pricing. A significant decline in economic conditions caused by inflation, recession, unemployment, a reduction in federal government or military employment or programs or other factors beyond our control could decrease the demand for banking products and services generally and/or impair the ability of existing borrowers to repay their loans, which could negatively affect our financial condition and performance. Declines in local economic conditions could adversely affect the value of the real estate collateral securing our loans. A decline in property values would diminish our ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the real estate collateral, making it more likely that we would suffer losses on defaulted loans. Additionally, a decrease in asset quality could require additions to our allowance for loan losses through increased provisions for loan losses, which would hurt our profits. A decline in property values would diminish our ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the real estate collateral, making it more likely that we would suffer losses on defaulted loans.

Our deposit concentrations may subject us to additional liquidity and pricing risk.

Significant variations in deposit concentrations and pricing could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We manage portfolio diversification through our asset/liability committee process. We occasionally accept larger deposit customers, and our typical deposit customers might occasionally carry larger balances. The aggregate amount of our top 25 deposit relationships were $503.3 million, or 28.0%, of our total assets at December 31, 2019 and $499.7 million, or 24.7% of our total assets at December 31, 2020. The FDIC’s examination policies require that the Company monitor all customer deposit concentrations at or above 2% of total deposits. At December 31, 2020, the Bank had two local municipal customer deposit relationships that exceeded 2% of total deposits, totaling $238.8 million which represented 13.7% of total deposits of $1,745.6 million. At December 31, 2019, there were two municipal customer deposit relationships that exceeded 2% of total deposits, totaling $297.1 million which represented 19.6% of total deposits of $1,511.8 million.

The replacement of deposit concentrations with wholesale funding could cause our overall cost of funds to increase, which would reduce our net interest income and results of operations. A decline in interest-earning assets would also lower our net interest income and results of operations.

The Company is a bank holding company and its sources of funds necessary to meet its obligations are limited.

The Company is a bank holding company, and its operations are primarily conducted by the Bank, which is subject to significant federal and state regulation. Cash available to pay dividends to our stockholders, pay our obligations and meet our debt service requirements is derived from dividends received from the Bank. Future dividend payments by the Bank to us the Company will require generation of future earnings by the Bank and are subject to certain regulatory guidelines. If the Bank is unable to pay dividends to the Company, the Company may not have the resources or cash flow to pay or meet all of its obligations.

Operational Risk

Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect and store sensitive data, including our proprietary business information and that of our customers, suppliers and business partners, and personally identifiable information of our customers and employees. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. We, our customers, and other financial institutions with which we interact, are subject to ongoing, continuous attempts to penetrate key systems by individual hackers, organized criminals, and in some cases, state-sponsored organizations. Information security risks for financial institutions have generally increased in recent years in part because of the proliferation of new technologies, the use of the Internet, mobile applications, and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists, activists, and other external parties. We provide our customers with the ability to bank remotely, including over the Internet, mobile applications and the telephone. The secure transmission of confidential information over the Internet and other remote channels is a critical element of remote banking. Despite instituted safeguards and monitoring, our network could be vulnerable to unauthorized access, attacks by hackers, or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions computer viruses, phishing schemes and other security breaches. We may be required to spend significant capital and other resources to protect against the threat of security breaches and computer viruses, or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches or viruses. To the extent that our activities or the activities of our customers involve the storage and transmission of confidential information, physical and cyber security breaches and viruses could expose us to claims, regulatory scrutiny, litigation and other possible liabilities. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such unauthorized access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in significant costs to us, which may include fines and penalties, potential liabilities from governmental or third party investigations, proceedings or litigation, legal, forensic and consulting fees and expenses, costs and diversion of management attention required for investigation and remediation actions, and the negative impact on our reputation and loss of confidence of our customers and others, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, revenues, financial condition and competitive position.

Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could have a material adverse effect on our business and stock price.

As a public company, we are required to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is complex and may be revised over time to adapt to changes in our business, or changes in applicable accounting rules. Sarbanes-Oxley requires our management to evaluate the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures and its internal control over financial reporting. We are required to disclose, in our annual report on Form 10-K, the existence of any “material weaknesses” in our internal controls. We cannot assure that we will not identify one or more material weaknesses as of the end of any given quarter or year, nor can we predict the effect on our stock price of disclosure of a material weakness. Matters impacting our internal control over financial reporting may cause us to be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis or may cause us to restate previously issued financial information, and thereby subject us to adverse regulatory consequences, including sanctions or investigations by the SEC, or violations of applicable stock exchange listing rules. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. Confidence in the reliability of our financial statements is also likely to suffer if we report a material weakness in the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. This could materially adversely affect us by, for example, leading to a decline in our stock price and impairing our ability to raise capital.

Our internal control systems are inherently limited.

Our systems of internal controls, disclosure controls and corporate governance policies and procedures are inherently limited. The inherent limitations of our system of internal controls include the use of judgment in decision-making that can be faulty; breakdowns can occur because of human error or mistakes; and controls can be circumvented by individual acts or by collusion of two or more people. The design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and any design may not succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitation of a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected, which may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Additionally, any plans of remediation for any identified limitations may be ineffective in improving our internal controls.

We rely on other companies to provide key components of our business infrastructure.

Third party vendors provide key components of our business infrastructure such as core data processing systems, internet, mobile applications, connections, network access and fund distribution. While we have selected these third-party vendors carefully, we cannot control their actions. Any problems caused by these third parties, including those which result from their failure to provide services for any reason or their poor performance of services, could adversely affect our ability to deliver products and services to its customers and otherwise to conduct its business. Replacing these third-party vendors could also entail significant delay and expense.

We depend on information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party servicers, and systems failures, interruptions or breaches of security could have a material adverse effect on us.

Our business depends on the successful and uninterrupted functioning of our information technology and telecommunications systems and third-party servicers. The failure of these systems, or the termination of a third-party software license or service agreement on which any of these systems is based, could interrupt our operations. Because our information technology and telecommunications systems interface with and depend on third-party systems, we could experience service denials if demand for such services exceeds capacity or such third-party systems fail or experience interruptions. If significant, sustained or repeated, a system failure or service denial could compromise our ability to operate effectively, damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, and/or subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us.

The high volume of transactions processed by the Company exposes the Company to significant operational risks.

The Company relies on its employees and systems to process a high number of transactions. Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from the Company’s operations, including, but not limited to, the risk of fraud by employees or outside persons, the execution of unauthorized transactions by employees, errors relating to transaction processing and technology, breaches of the Company’s internal control system and compliance requirements, and business continuation and disaster recovery. Insurance coverage may not be available for such losses, or where available, such losses may exceed insurance limits. This risk of loss also includes the potential legal actions that could arise as a result of an operational deficiency or as a result of noncompliance with applicable regulations, adverse business decisions or their implementation, and customer attrition due to potential negative publicity. A breakdown in the Company’s internal control system, improper operation of systems or improper employee actions could result in material financial loss, the imposition of regulatory action, and damage to the Company’s reputation.

If our information technology is unable to keep pace with industry developments, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Financial products and services have become increasingly technology driven. Our ability to meet the needs of our customers competitively, and in a cost-efficient manner, is dependent on the ability to keep pace with technological advances and to invest in new technology as it becomes available. Many of our competitors have greater resources to invest in technology than we do and may be better equipped to market new technology-driven products and services. The ability to keep pace with technological change is important, and the failure to do so could have a material adverse impact on our business and therefore on our financial condition and results of operations.

Exiting or entering new lines of business or new products and services may subject us to additional risk.

From time to time, we may exit an existing line of business or implement new lines of business or offer new products and services within existing lines of business. There are substantial risks and uncertainties associated with these efforts. When exiting a line of business or product we may have difficulty replacing the revenue stream and may have to take certain actions to make up for the line of business or product. If those sources are not available or the cost for such purchases increases our results of operations may be adversely affected. In developing and marketing new lines of business and/or new products and services, we may invest significant time and resources. Initial timetables for the introduction and development of new lines of business and/or new products or services may not be achieved, and price and profitability targets may not prove feasible. External factors, such as compliance with regulations, competitive alternatives, and shifting market preferences, may also impact the successful implementation of a new line of business and/or a new product or service. We also may face increased credit risk for new or certain loan products. Furthermore, any new line of business or new product or service could have a significant impact on the effectiveness of our system of internal controls. Failure to successfully manage these risks in the development and implementation of new lines of business or new products or services could have a material adverse effect on our business and, our financial condition and results of operations.

Our enterprise risk management framework may not be effective in mitigating the risks to which we are subject, based upon the size, scope, and complexity of the Company.

As a financial institution, we are subject to a number of risks, including interest rate, credit, liquidity, legal/compliance, market, strategic, operational, and reputational. Our enterprise risk management (“ERM”) framework is designed to minimize the risks to which we are subject, as well as any losses stemming from such risks. Although we seek to identify, measure, monitor, report, and control our exposure to such risks, and employ a broad and diverse set of risk monitoring and mitigation techniques in the process, those techniques are inherently limited because they cannot anticipate the existence or development of risks that are currently unknown and unanticipated. For example, economic and market conditions, heightened legislative and regulatory scrutiny of the financial services industry, and increases in the overall complexity of our operations, among other developments, have resulted in the creation of a variety of risks that were previously unknown and unanticipated, highlighting the intrinsic limitations of our risk monitoring and mitigation techniques. As a result, the further development of previously unknown or unanticipated risks may result in our incurring losses in the future that could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, an ineffective ERM framework, as well as other risk factors, could result in a material increase in our FDIC insurance premiums.

Interest Rate Risk

Changes in interest rates could reduce our net interest income and earnings.

Our largest component of earnings is net interest income, which could be negatively affected by changes in interest rates. Changing interest rates impact customer actions and may limit the options available to the Company to maximize earnings or increase the costs to minimize risk. We do not have control over market interest rates and the Company’s focus to mitigate potential earnings risk centers on controlling the composition of our assets and liabilities.

Our net interest income is the interest we earn on loans and investments less the interest we pay on our deposits and borrowings. Our net interest margin is net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets. Changes in interest rates could adversely affect our net interest margin and, as a result, our net interest income. Although the yield we earn on our assets and our funding costs tend to move in the same direction in response to changes in interest rates, one can rise or fall faster than the other, causing our net interest margin to increase or decrease. Our liabilities tend to be shorter in duration than our assets, so they may adjust faster in response to changes in interest rates. As a result, when interest rates rise, our funding costs may rise faster than the yield we earn on our assets, causing our net interest margin to contract until the yield catches up. Changes in the slope of the “yield curve” or the spread between short-term and long-term interest rates could also reduce our net interest margin. Our procedures for managing exposure to falling net interest income involve modeling possible scenarios of interest rate increases and decreases to interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.

Changes in interest rates also can affect: (1) our ability to originate loans; (2) the value of our interest-earning assets; (3) our ability to obtain and retain deposits in competition with other available investment alternatives; and (4) the ability of our borrowers to repay their loans, particularly adjustable or variable rate loans.

Changes to and replacement of the London InterBank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") Benchmark Interest Rate may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The Company has certain loans, investment securities and debt obligations whose interest rate is indexed to LIBOR. In 2017 the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which is responsible for regulating LIBOR, announced that the publication of LIBOR is not guaranteed beyond 2021. In December 2020, the administrator of LIBOR announced its intention to (i) cease the publication of the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar LIBOR after December 31, 2021, and (ii) cease the publication of all other tenors of U.S. dollar LIBOR (one-, three-, six- and 12-month LIBOR) after June 30, 2023. The Alternative Reference Rates Committee (a group of private-market participants convened by the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York) has identified the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, or SOFR, as the recommend alternative to LIBOR. Uncertainty as to the adoption, market acceptance or availability of SOFR or other alternative reference rates, may adversely affect the value of LIBOR-based loans and securities in the Company’s portfolio and may impact the availability and cost of hedging instruments and borrowings. The language in the Company’s LIBOR-based contracts and financial instruments has developed over time and may have various events that trigger when a successor index to LIBOR would be selected. If a trigger is satisfied, contracts and financial instruments may give the Company or the calculation agent, as applicable, discretion over the selection of the substitute index for the calculation of interest rates. The implementation of a substitute index for the calculation of interest rates under the Company’s loan agreements may result in our incurring significant expenses in effecting the transition and may result in disputes or litigation with customers over the appropriateness or comparability to LIBOR of the substitute index, any of which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. To mitigate the risks associated with the expected discontinuation of LIBOR, the Company has ceased originating LIBOR-linked residential mortgage loans, implemented fallback language for LIBOR-linked commercial loans, adhered to the ISDA 2020 Fallbacks Protocol for interest rate swap agreements, and has updated or is in the process of updating our systems to accommodate SOFR-linked loans. In accordance with regulatory guidance, the Company intends to stop entering into new LIBOR transactions by the end of 2021.

Risks Related to the Company’s Financial Statements

Changes in accounting standards or interpretation of new or existing standards may affect how the Company reports its financial condition and results of operations.

From time to time the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the SEC change accounting regulations and reporting standards that govern the preparation of the Company’s financial statements. In addition, the FASB, SEC, bank regulators and the outside independent auditors may revise their previous interpretations regarding existing accounting regulations and the application of these accounting standards. These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how to record and report the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, there could be a requirement to apply a new or revised accounting standard retroactively, resulting in the restatement of prior period financial statements.

The implementation of the Current Expected Credit Loss accounting standard could require us to increase our allowance for loan losses and may have a material adverse effect on financial condition and results of operations.

FASB has adopted an accounting standard that will be effective for the Company’s first fiscal year after December 15, 2022 unless the Company chooses early adoption. This standard, referred to as Current Expected Credit Loss, or CECL, will require financial institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans, and provide for the expected credit losses as allowances for loan losses. This will change the current method of providing allowances for incurred loan losses that are probable, which the Company expects will require it to increase its allowance for loan losses and will likely increase the data the Company will need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. Any increase in the allowance for loan losses, or expenses incurred to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

We may be adversely affected by changes in U.S. tax laws and regulations.

Changes in tax laws contained in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which was enacted in December 2017, include a number of provisions that could continue to have an impact on the banking industry, borrowers and the market for single family residential and multi-family residential real estate. Changes resultant of this legislation included: lower limits on the deductibility of mortgage interest on single family residential mortgages; the elimination of interest deductions for home equity loans; a limitation on deductibility of business interest expense; and a limitation on the deductibility of property taxes and state and local income taxes. Such changes in the tax laws may have an adverse effect on the market for, and valuation of, single family residential properties and multifamily residential properties, and on the demand for such loans in the future. In addition, these changes may have a disproportionate effect on taxpayers in states with high residential home prices and high state and local taxes. If home ownership or multifamily residential property ownership becomes less attractive, demand for mortgage loans would decrease. The value of the properties securing loans in the Company’s portfolio may be adversely impacted as a result of the changing economics of home ownership and multifamily residential ownership, which could require an increase in the Company’s provision for loan losses. Additionally, certain borrowers could become less able to service their debts as a result of higher tax obligations. These changes could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, local, state or federal tax authorities may interpret laws and regulations differently from the Company and challenge tax positions that the Company has taken on its tax returns. This may result in differences in the treatment of revenues, deductions, credits and/or differences in the timing of these items. The differences in treatment may result in payment of additional taxes, interest, penalties or litigation costs that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s operating results.

Impairment in the carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets could negatively impact the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

At December 31, 2020, goodwill and other intangible assets totaled $12.4 million. Goodwill represents the excess purchase price paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. The estimated fair values of the acquired assets and assumed liabilities may be subject to refinement as additional information relative to closing date fair values becomes available and may result in adjustments to goodwill within the first 12 months following the closing date of the acquisition. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. A significant decline in expected future cash flows, a material change in interest rates, a significant adverse change in the business climate, slower growth rates or a significant or sustained decline in the price of the Company’s common stock may necessitate taking charges in the future related to the impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets. The amount of any impairment charge could be significant and could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Company’s accounting estimates, and risk management processes rely on analytical and forecasting models.

The processes that the Company uses to estimate its allowance for loan losses and to measure the fair value of financial instruments, as well as the processes used to estimate the effects of changing interest rates and other market measures on its financial condition and results of operations, depend upon the use of analytical and forecasting models. These models reflect assumptions that may not be accurate, particularly in times of market stress or other unforeseen circumstances. Even if these assumptions are adequate, the models may prove to be inadequate or inaccurate because of other flaws in their design or their implementation. If the models that the Company uses for interest rate risk and asset-liability management are inadequate, the Company may incur increased or unexpected losses upon changes in market interest rates or other market measures. If the models that the Company uses for determining its allowance for loan losses are inadequate, the allowance may not be sufficient to support future charge-offs. If the models that the Company uses to measure the fair value of financial instruments are inadequate, the fair value of such financial instruments may fluctuate unexpectedly or may not accurately reflect what the Company could realize upon sale or settlement of such financial instruments. Any such failure in the Company’s analytical or forecasting models could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.

Regulatory Risk

We operate in a highly regulated environment and we may be adversely affected by changes in laws and regulations.

The Company and the Bank are subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination as noted in the “Supervision and Regulation” section of this report. The regulation and supervision by the Maryland Commissioner, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC are not intended to protect the interests of investors in The Community Financial Corporation common stock. Regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in their supervisory and enforcement activities, including changes in the ownership or control of banks and bank holding companies, maintenance of adequate capital and sound financial condition, permissible types, amounts and terms of loans and investments, permissible nonbanking activities, the level of reserves against deposits and restrictions on dividend payments. These and other restrictions limit the manner in which the Company may conduct business and obtain financing. The laws, rules, regulations, and supervisory guidance and policies applicable to the Company and the Bank are subject to regular modification and change. Such changes may, among other things, increase the cost of doing business, limit the types of financial services and products the Company may offer, or affect the competitive balance between banks and other financial institutions. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties, and/or reputational damage, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, or results of operations. The burdens imposed by federal and state regulations put banks at a competitive disadvantage compared to less regulated competitors such as finance companies, mortgage banking companies, and leasing companies.

We are subject to periodic examination and scrutiny by a number of banking agencies and, depending upon the findings and determinations of these agencies, we may be required to make adjustments to our business that could adversely affect us.

Federal and state banking agencies periodically conduct examinations of our business, including compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If, as a result of an examination, a federal banking agency were to determine that the financial condition, capital resources, asset quality, asset concentration, earnings prospects, management, liquidity, sensitivity to market risk or other aspects of any of our operations has become unsatisfactory, or that we or our management is in violation of any law or regulation, it could take a number of different remedial actions as it deems appropriate. These actions include the power to enjoin “unsafe or unsound” practices, to require affirmative actions to correct any conditions resulting from any violation or practice, to issue an administrative order that can be judicially enforced, to direct an increase in our capital, to restrict our growth, to change the asset composition of our portfolio or balance sheet, to assess civil monetary penalties against our officers or directors, to remove officers and directors and, if it is concluded that such conditions cannot be corrected or there is an imminent risk of loss to depositors, to terminate our deposit insurance. If we become subject to such regulatory actions, our business, results of operations and reputation may be negatively impacted.

The Company’s ability to pay dividends is limited by law.

The Company’s ability to pay dividends is governed by the policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board, which prohibits the payment of dividends under certain circumstances dependent on the Company’s financial condition and capital adequacy. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is also dependent on the receipt of dividends from the Bank. Federal regulations impose limitations on the payment of dividends and other capital distributions by the Bank. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is governed by the Maryland Financial Institutions Code and the regulations of the FDIC. Under the Maryland Financial Institutions Code, a Maryland bank (1) may only pay dividends from undivided profits or, with prior regulatory approval, its surplus in excess of 100% of required capital stock and, (2) may not declare dividends on its common stock until its surplus funds equals the amount of required capital stock, or if the surplus fund does not equal the amount of capital stock, in an amount in excess of 90% of net earnings. Without the approval of the FDIC, a Federal Reserve nonmember bank may not declare or pay a dividend if the total of all dividends declared during the year exceeds its net income during the current calendar year and retained net income for the prior two years.

Monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to being affected by general economic conditions, our earnings and growth are affected by the policies of the Federal Reserve. In recent years, various significant economic and monetary stimulus measures were implemented by the U.S. Congress and the Federal Reserve pursued a highly accommodative monetary policy aimed at keeping interest rates at historically low levels. U.S. economic activity has significantly improved, but there can be no assurance that this progress will continue or will not reverse.

An important function of the Federal Reserve is to regulate the money supply and credit conditions. Among the instruments used by the Federal Reserve to implement these objectives are open market operations in U.S. government securities, adjustments of the discount rate and changes in reserve requirements against bank deposits. These instruments are used in varying combinations to influence overall economic growth and the distribution of credit, bank loans, investments and deposits. Their use also affects interest rates charged on loans or paid on deposits. The monetary policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve have had a significant effect on the operating results of commercial banks in the past and are expected to continue to do so in the future. The effects of such policies upon our business, financial condition and results of operations cannot be predicted.

We face a risk of noncompliance and enforcement action with the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering statutes and regulations.

The federal Bank Secrecy Act, the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “PATRIOT Act”) and other laws and regulations require financial institutions, among other duties, to institute and maintain effective anti-money laundering programs and file suspicious activity and currency transaction reports as appropriate. The federal Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, established by the U.S. Treasury Department to administer the Bank Secrecy Act, is authorized to impose significant civil money penalties for violations of those requirements and has recently engaged in coordinated enforcement efforts with the individual federal banking regulators, as well as the U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration and Internal Revenue Service. Federal and state bank regulators also have begun to focus on compliance with Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering regulations. If our policies, procedures and systems are deemed deficient or the policies, procedures and systems of the financial institutions that we may acquire in the future are deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions such as restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the necessity to obtain regulatory approvals to proceed with certain aspects of our business plan, including our acquisition plans, which would negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing could also have serious reputational consequences for us.

The Company is subject to numerous laws designed to protect consumers, including the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) and fair lending laws, and failure to comply with these laws could lead to a wide variety of sanctions.

The CRA requires the Federal Reserve to assess the Bank’s performance in meeting the credit needs of the communities it serves, including low and moderate-income neighborhoods. If the Federal Reserve determines that the Bank needs to improve its performance or is in substantial non-compliance with CRA requirements, various adverse regulatory consequences may ensue. In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act and other fair lending laws and regulations impose nondiscriminatory lending requirements on financial institutions. The CFPB, the U.S. Department of Justice and other federal agencies are responsible for enforcing these laws and regulations. The CFPB authorized to prescribe rules applicable to any covered person or service provider, identifying and prohibiting acts or practices that are “unfair, deceptive, or abusive” in connection with any transaction with a consumer for a consumer financial products or services, or the offering of a consumer financial product or service. The ongoing broad rule making powers of the CFPB have potential to significantly impact the operations of financial institutions offering consumer financial products or services.

A successful regulatory challenge to an institution’s performance under the CRA, fair lending laws or regulations, or consumer lending laws and regulations could result in a wide variety of sanctions, including damages and civil money penalties, injunctive relief, restrictions on mergers and acquisitions expansion activities, and restrictions on entering new business lines. Private parties may also have the ability to challenge an institution’s performance under fair lending laws in private class action litigation. Such actions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

Market Risk

The market price and liquidity of our common stock could be adversely affected if the economy were to weaken or the capital markets were to experience volatility.

The market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations due to changes in sentiment in the market regarding our operations or business prospects. Among other factors, these risks may be affected by:

•Operating results that vary from the expectations of our management or of securities analysts and investors;

•Developments in our business or in the financial services sector generally;

•Regulatory or legislative changes affecting our industry generally or our business and operations;

•Operating and securities price performance of companies that investors consider to be comparable to us;

•Changes in estimates or recommendations by securities analysts or rating agencies;

•Announcements of strategic developments, acquisitions, dispositions, financings, and other material events by us or our competitors;

•Changes or volatility in global financial markets and economies, general market conditions, interest or foreign exchange rates, stock, commodity, credit, or asset valuations; and

•Significant fluctuations in the capital markets.

Economic or market turmoil could occur in the near or long term, which could negatively affect our business, our financial condition, and our results of operations, as well as volatility in the price and trading volume of our common stock.

We may issue additional common stock or other securities in the future which could dilute the ownership interest of existing shareholders or impact shareholder returns.

In order to maintain our capital at desired or regulatory-required levels, or to fund future growth including through acquisitions of other financial institutions, our board of directors may decide from time to time to issue additional shares of common or preferred stock, or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or representing rights to acquire shares of our common or preferred stock. The sale of these shares may significantly dilute your ownership interest as a shareholder. New investors in the future may also have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our current shareholders which may adversely impact our current shareholders. In addition, the issuance of certain debt that qualifies as regulatory capital could increase interest expense and impact profitability.

Strategic Risk

Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if we fail to timely and effectively execute or manage our strategic plan, particularly if we grow through acquisitions of other financial institutions. Combining acquired businesses may be more difficult, costly or time consuming than expected and the anticipated benefits and cost savings of acquisitions may not be realized.

Among other things, our strategic plan currently calls for reducing the amount of our non-performing assets, growing assets through commercial lending and generating transaction deposit accounts to reduce our funding costs and improve our net interest margin. Our ability to increase profitability in accordance with this plan will depend on a variety of factors including the identification of desirable business opportunities, competitive responses from financial institutions in our market area and our ability to manage liquidity and funding sources. While we believe we have the management resources and internal systems in place to successfully manage our strategic plan, opportunities may not be available and that the strategic plan may not be successful or effectively managed.

In implementing our strategic plan, we may expand into additional communities or attempt to strengthen our position in our current markets through opportunistic acquisitions of whole banks or branch locations. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in this strategy. Future results of operations will be impacted by our ability to successfully integrate the operations of, and to retain the customers of, any acquired institutions. If we are unable to successfully manage the integration of the separate cultures, customer bases and operating systems of the acquired institutions, our results of operations could be negatively impacted. To the extent that we undertake acquisitions, we are likely to experience the effects of higher operating expenses relative to operating income from the new operations during the integration period, which may have an adverse effect on our levels of reported net income, return on average equity and return on average assets. Integration efforts will also divert management attention and resources. These integration efforts could have an adverse effect on us during this transition period and for an undetermined period after completion of a transaction. Potential cost savings from any acquisition we undertake may not be realized or realized in the timeframe we expected.

Provisions of our articles of incorporation, bylaws and Maryland law, as well as state and federal banking regulations, could delay or prevent a takeover of us by a third party.

Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws and Maryland corporate law could delay, defer or prevent a third party from acquiring us, despite the possible benefit to our shareholders, or otherwise adversely affect the price of our common stock. These provisions include: super majority voting requirements for certain business combinations; the election of directors to staggered terms of three years; and advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors and for proposing matters that shareholders may act on at shareholder meetings. In addition, we are subject to Maryland laws, including one that prohibits us from engaging in a business combination with any interested shareholder for a period of five years from the date the person became an interested shareholder unless certain conditions are met. These provisions may discourage potential takeover attempts, discourage bids for our common stock at a premium over market price or adversely affect the market price of, and the voting and other rights of the holders of, our common stock. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for shareholders to elect directors other than the candidates nominated by our Board.

General Risk Factors

Strong competition within our market area could hurt our profits and slow growth.

Our profitability depends upon our continued ability to compete successfully in our market area. We face intense competition both in making loans and attracting deposits. Our competition for loans and deposits includes banks, savings institutions, mortgage banking companies, credit unions and non-banking financial institutions. We compete with regional and national financial institutions that have a substantial presence in our market area, many of which have greater liquidity, higher lending limits, greater access to capital, more established market recognition and more resources than we do. Furthermore, tax-exempt credit unions operate in our market area and aggressively price their products and services to a large portion of the market. This competition may make it more difficult for us to originate new loans and may force us to offer higher deposit rates than we currently offer. Price competition for loans and deposits might result in lower interest rates earned on our loans and higher interest rates paid on our deposits, which would reduce net interest income.

We are a community bank and our ability to maintain our reputation is critical to the success of our business and the failure to do so may materially adversely affect our performance.

As a community bank, our reputation is one of the most valuable components of our business. As such, we strive to conduct our business in a manner that enhances our reputation. This is done, in part, by recruiting, hiring and retaining employees who share our core values of being an integral part of the communities we serve, delivering superior service to our customers and caring about our customers and associates. If our reputation is negatively affected, by the actions of our employees or otherwise, our business and, therefore, our operating results may be adversely affected.

Changes in U.S. or regional economic conditions could have an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The Company’s business activities and earnings are affected by general business conditions in the United States and in the Company’s local market area. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, unemployment levels, consumer confidence and spending, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, and the strength of the economy in the United States generally and, in particular, the Company’s market area. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by declines in economic growth, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; increases in inflation or interest rates; high unemployment; pandemics; natural disasters; or a combination of these or other factors. Economic pressure on consumers and uncertainty regarding continuing economic improvement may result in changes in consumer and business spending, borrowing and savings habits. Elevated levels of unemployment, declines in the values of real estate, extended federal government shutdowns, or other events that affect household and/or corporate incomes could impair the ability of the Company’s borrowers to repay their loans in accordance with their terms and reduce demand for banking products and services.

Societal responses to climate change could adversely affect the Company’s business and performance, including indirectly through impacts on the Company’s customers.

Concerns over the long-term impacts of climate change have led and will continue to lead to governmental efforts around the world to mitigate those impacts. Investors, consumers and businesses also may change their behavior on their own as a result of these concerns. The Company and its customers will need to respond to new laws and regulations as well as investor, consumer and business preferences resulting from climate change concerns. The Company and its customers may face cost increases, asset value reductions, operating process changes, among other impacts. The impact on the Company’s customers will likely vary depending on their specific attributes, including reliance on or role in carbon intensive activities. In addition, the Company could face reductions in creditworthiness on the part of some customers or in the value of assets securing loans. Investors could determine not to invest in the Company’s stock due to various climate change related considerations. The Company’s efforts to take these risks into account in making lending and other decisions may not be effective in protecting the Company from the impacts of new laws and regulations or changes in investor, consumer or business behavior.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

Our headquarters are located in Waldorf, MD. As of December 31, 2020, the Bank operates 12 full services branches. See Note 5, "Premises and Equipment" in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

The net book value of premises, which included land, building and improvements, totaled $18.8 million and $20.2 million, respectively, at December 31, 2020 and 2019.]

Branch Location

Address

Description

Owned or Leased

Bryans Road

8010 Matthews Road
Bryans Road, MD 20616

Full service branch with drive-thru

Owned

Charlotte Hall

30165 Three Notch Rd
Charlotte Hall, MD 20622

Full service branch with drive-thru

Land Leased
Building Owned

Dunkirk

10321 Southern Maryland Blvd
Dunkirk, MD 20754

Full service branch with drive-thru

Leased

Fredericksburg

10 Chatham Heights Road, Suite 104
Fredericksburg, VA 22405

Loan office and operations center

Leased

Fredericksburg - Downtown

425 William Street
Fredericksburg, VA 22401

Full service branch with drive-thru

Owned

La Plata

101 Drury Dr
La Plata, MD 20646

Full service branch with drive-thru

Owned

La Plata - Downtown

202 Centennial St
La Plata, MD 20646

Full service branch with drive-thru and loan office

Owned

Leonardtown

25395 Point Lookout Rd
Leonardtown, MD 20650

Full service branch with drive-thru and loan office

Owned

Lexington Park

22730 Three Notch Rd
California, MD 20619

Full service branch with drive-thru

Owned

Lusby

11725 Rousby Hall Road
Lusby, MD 20657

Full service branch with drive-thru

Land Leased
Building Owned

Prince Frederick

200 Market Square Dr
Prince Frederick, MD 20678

Full service branch with drive-thru

Land Leased
Building Owned

Prince Frederick

995 N Prince Frederick Blvd, Suite 105
Prince Frederick, MD 20678

Loan office

Leased

St. Patrick's

20 St Patrick's Dr
Waldorf, MD 20603

Full service branch with drive-thru

Land Leased
Building Owned

Waldorf (Main Office)

3035 Leonardtown Rd
Waldorf, MD 20601

Full service branch with drive-thru and operations center

Owned

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Neither the Company, the Bank, nor any subsidiary is engaged in any legal proceedings of a material nature at the present time. From time to time, the Bank is a party to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

The common stock of the Company is traded on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange (Symbol: TCFC).

Holders

The number of stockholders of record of the Company at March 1, 2021 was 752.

Dividends

During 2020, the Company declared and paid four quarters of dividends at $0.125 per share. The Board of Directors considers on a quarterly basis the feasibility of paying a cash dividend to its stockholders. Under the Company’s general practice, dividends, if declared during the quarter, are paid prior to the end of the subsequent quarter. On February 25, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.15 per share, payable during the second quarter of 2021 to shareholders of record as of April 12, 2021.

The Company’s ability to pay dividends is governed by the policies and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board (the “FRB”), which prohibits the payment of dividends under certain circumstances dependent on the Company’s financial condition and capital adequacy. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is also dependent on the receipt of dividends from the Bank.

Federal regulations impose limitations on the payment of dividends and other capital distributions by the Bank. The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is governed by the Maryland Financial Institutions Code and the regulations of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Under the Maryland Financial Institutions Code, a Maryland bank (1) may only pay dividends from undivided profits or, with prior regulatory approval, its surplus in excess of 100% of required capital stock and, (2) may not declare dividends on its common stock until its surplus funds equals the amount of required capital stock, or if the surplus fund does not equal the amount of capital stock, in an amount in excess of 90% of net earnings.

Without the approval of the FDIC, a Federal Reserve nonmember bank may not declare or pay a dividend if the total of all dividends declared during the year exceeds its net income during the current calendar year and retained net income for the prior two years. The Bank is further prohibited from making a capital distribution if it would not be adequately capitalized thereafter.

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph and table show the cumulative total return on the common stock of the Company over the last five years, compared with the cumulative total return of a broad stock market index (the NASDAQ Capital Market Composite), and a narrower index of the NASDAQ Bank Index. Cumulative total return on the stock or the index equals the total increase in value since December 31, 2015 assuming reinvestment of all dividends paid into the stock or the index.

The graph and table were prepared assuming that $100 was invested on December 31, 2015, in the common stock and the securities included in the indexes.


Source: Bloomberg	Year Ended
Index	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020
The Community Financial Corporation	100.00	140.88	188.28	145.35	179.67	136.58
NASDAQ Bank Index	100.00	137.97	145.50	121.96	151.69	140.31
NASDAQ Capital Market Composite	100.00	114.62	133.94	113.40	134.88	202.62

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Not applicable.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer

On October 20, 2020, 184,863 shares were available to be repurchased under the 2015 repurchase plan, and, on that date, the Board of Directors approved an expansion to the 2015 repurchase plan (the "2020 repurchase plan") that allows the Company to repurchase up to 300,000 of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock using up to $7.0 million of the proceeds the Company raised in its $20.0 million subordinated debt offering completed in October 2020. The 2020 repurchase plan will continue until it is completed or terminated by the Company’s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2020, 290,037 shares were available to be repurchased under the 2020 repurchase plan. The following schedule shows the repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2020.


Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased	(b) Average Price Paid per Share		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	(d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1-31, 2020	—	$	—	—	300,000
November 1-30, 2020	720	26.62		720	299,280
December 1-31, 2020	9,243	27.19		9,243	290,037
Total	9,963	$	27.15	9,963	290,037

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following table shows selected historical consolidated financial data for the Company as of and for each of the five years ended December 31, 2020, which has been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Annual 10-K report.


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	At or for the Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
FINANCIAL CONDITION DATA
Total assets	$	2,026,439	$	1,797,536	$	1,689,227	$	1,405,961	$	1,334,257
Loans receivable, net	1,594,075		1,445,109		1,337,129		1,140,615		1,079,519
Investment securities	251,167		213,065		220,884		167,531		162,280
Goodwill	10,835		10,835		10,835		—		—
Core deposit intangible	1,527		2,118		2,806		—		—
Deposits	1,745,602		1,511,837		1,429,629		1,106,237		1,038,825
Borrowings	27,302		45,370		55,436		142,998		144,559
Junior subordinated debentures	12,000		12,000		12,000		12,000		12,000
Subordinated notes - 4.75% and 6.25% **	19,526		23,000		23,000		23,000		23,000

Stockholders’ equity - common	198,013		181,494		154,482		109,957		104,426
OPERATING DATA
Interest and dividend income	$	71,073	$	72,453	$	65,173	$	53,570	$	48,047
Interest expenses	10,156		18,919		14,286		10,182		8,142
Net interest income ("NII")	60,917		53,534		50,887		43,388		39,905
Provision for loan losses	10,700		2,130		1,405		1,010		2,359
NII after provision for loan losses	50,217		51,404		49,482		42,378		37,546
Noninterest income	8,416		5,766		4,068		4,041		3,796
Noninterest expenses	38,003		36,233		38,149		30,054		29,595
Income before income taxes	20,630		20,937		15,401		16,365		11,747
Income taxes	4,494		5,665		4,173		9,157		4,416
Net income	16,136		15,272		11,228		7,208		7,331

Income available to common shares	$	16,136	$	15,272	$	11,228	$	7,208	$	7,331

**Company issued $20.0 million of 4.75% subordinated notes due 2030 on October 14, 2020 and $23.0 million of unsecured 6.25% subordinated notes on February 6, 2015. The $20.0 million 6.25% subordinated notes were redeemed on February 15, 2020.


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	At or for the Years Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018			2017			2016
COMMON SHARE DATA
Basic earnings per common share	$	2.74		$	2.75		$	2.02		$	1.56		$	1.59
Diluted earnings per common share	2.74			2.75			2.02			1.56			1.59
Dividends declared per common share	0.50			0.50			0.40			0.40			0.40
Book value per common share	33.54			30.76			27.70			23.65			22.54
Tangible book value per common share (1)	31.45			28.57			25.25			—			—
Common shares outstanding at end of period	5,903,613			5,900,249			5,577,559			4,649,658			4,633,868
Basic weighted average common shares	5,892,269			5,560,588			5,550,510			4,627,776			4,599,502
Diluted weighted average common shares	5,893,559			5,560,588			5,550,510			4,629,228			4,599,502
OTHER DATA
Full-time equivalent employees	189			194			189			165			162
Full-service offices	12			12			12			11			12
Loan Production Offices	4			4			5			5			5
CAPITAL RATIOS
Tier 1 capital to average assets (Leverage)	9.56		%	10.08		%	9.50		%	8.79		%	9.02		%
Tier 1 common capital to risk-weighted assets	11.47			11.11			10.36			9.51			9.54
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	12.23			11.91			11.23			10.53			10.62
Total risk-based capital to risk-weighted assets	14.69			14.16			13.68			13.40			13.60
Common equity to assets	9.77			10.10			9.15			7.82			7.83
Tangible common equity to tangible assets (1)	9.22			9.44			8.41			—			—


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	At or for the Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
KEY OPERATING RATIOS
Return on average assets ("ROAA")	0.81	%	0.88	%	0.70	%	0.52	%	0.60	%
Pre-tax Pre-Provision ROAA	1.58		1.32		1.22		1.31		1.15
Return on average common equity ("ROACE")	8.46		9.32		7.53		6.55		7.09
Pre-tax Pre-Provision ROACE	16.43		14.07		13.08		16.46		13.64
Return on Average Tangible Common Equity ("ROATCE")	9.39		10.60		8.87		6.55		7.09
Average total equity to average total assets	9.61		9.40		9.30		7.99		8.41
Interest rate spread	3.22		3.06		3.22		3.24		3.35
Net interest margin	3.36		3.31		3.43		3.37		3.48
Efficiency ratio (2)	54.81		61.10		69.42		63.37		67.72
Common dividend payout ratio	18.25		18.18		19.80		25.64		25.16
Non-interest expense to average assets	1.91		2.08		2.38		2.18		2.41
Net operating expense to average assets (3)	1.49		1.75		2.13		1.89		2.10
Avg. int-earning assets to avg. int-bearing liabilities	125.41		121.62		121.31		116.95		117.56

_______________________________________

(1) The Company had no intangible assets between 2016-2017. The acquisition of County First Bank in January 2018 added intangible assets for goodwill and core deposits.

(2) Efficiency ratio is noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income.

(3) Net operating expense is the sum of non-interest expense offset by non-interest income.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Statements included in management’s discussion and analysis include non-GAAP financial measures and should be read along with the accompanying tables, which provide a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to GAAP financial measures. The Company’s management uses these non-GAAP financial measures and believes that non-GAAP financial measures provide additional useful information that allows readers to evaluate the ongoing performance of the Company. Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance or financial condition as promulgated under GAAP, and investors should consider the Company’s performance and financial condition as reported under GAAP and all other relevant information when assessing the performance or financial condition of the Company. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools, and investors should not consider them in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the results or financial condition as reported under GAAP. See Non-GAAP reconciliation schedules that immediately follow:

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP MEASURES

Reconciliation of US GAAP total assets, common equity, common equity to assets and book value to Non-GAAP tangible assets, tangible common equity, tangible common equity to tangible assets and tangible book value.

The Company's management discussion and analysis contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. This financial information includes certain performance measures, which exclude intangible assets. These non-GAAP measures are included because the Company believes they may provide useful supplemental information for evaluating the underlying performance trends of the Company.


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Total assets	$	2,026,439		$	1,797,536		$	1,689,227		$	1,405,961		$	1,334,257
Less: intangible assets (1)
Goodwill	10,835			10,835			10,835			—			—
Core deposit intangible	1,527			2,118			2,806			—			—
Total intangible assets	12,362			12,953			13,641			—			—
Tangible assets	$	2,014,077		$	1,784,583		$	1,675,586		$	1,405,961		$	1,334,257

Total common equity	$	198,013		$	181,494		$	154,482		$	109,957		$	104,426
Less: intangible assets	12,362			12,953			13,641			—			—
Tangible common equity	$	185,651		$	168,541		$	140,841		$	109,957		$	104,426

Common shares outstanding at end of period	5,903,613			5,900,249			5,577,559			4,649,658			4,633,868

GAAP common equity to assets	9.77		%	10.10		%	9.15		%	7.82		%	7.83		%
Non-GAAP tangible common equity to tangible assets	9.22		%	9.44		%	8.41		%	—		%	—		%

GAAP common book value per share	$	33.54		$	30.76		$	27.70		$	23.65		$	22.54
Non-GAAP tangible common book value per share	$	31.45		$	28.57		$	25.25		$	—		$	—

_______________________________________

(1) The Company had no intangible assets between 2016-2017. The acquisition of County First Bank in January 2018 added intangible assets for goodwill and core deposits.

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP AND NON-GAAP MEASURES

Pre-Tax Pre-Provision ("PTPP") Income, PTPP Return on Average Assets ("ROAA"), PTPP Return on Average Common Equity ("ROACE") and Return on Average Tangible Common Equity ("ROATCE")

We believe that pre-tax pre-provision income, which reflects our profitability before income taxes and loan loss provisions, allows investors to better assess our operating income and expenses in relation to our core operating revenue by removing the volatility that is associated with credit provisions and different state income tax rates for comparable institutions. We also believe that during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, this information is useful as the impact of the pandemic on the loan loss provisions of various institutions will likely vary based on the geography of the communities served by a particular institution.


	For the Year Ended
(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			December 31, 2017			December 31, 2016
Net income (as reported)	$	16,136		$	15,272		$	11,228		$	7,208		$	7,331
Merger and acquisition costs (net of tax)	—			—			2,693			724			—
Provision for loan losses	10,700			2,130			1,405			1,010			2,359
Income tax expenses	4,494			5,665			4,173			9,157			4,416
Non-GAAP PTPP income	$	31,330		$	23,067		$	19,499		$	18,099		$	14,106

GAAP ROAA	0.81		%	0.88		%	0.70		%	0.52		%	0.60		%
Pre-tax Pre-Provision ROAA	1.58		%	1.32		%	1.22		%	1.31		%	1.15		%

GAAP ROACE	8.46		%	9.32		%	7.53		%	6.55		%	7.09		%
Pre-tax Pre-Provision ROACE	16.43		%	14.07		%	13.08		%	16.46		%	13.64		%

Non-GAAP ROATCE (1)	9.39		%	10.60		%	8.87		%	6.55		%	7.09		%

Average assets	$	1,985,275		$	1,743,448		$	1,603,393		$	1,376,983		$	1,229,471
Average equity	$	190,720		$	163,936		$	149,128		$	109,979		$	103,397
Average tangible common equity	$	178,048		$	150,622		$	135,480		$	109,979		$	103,397

_______________________________________

(1) The Company had no intangible assets between 2016-2017. The acquisition of County First Bank in January 2018 added intangible assets for goodwill and core deposits.

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that involve significant judgments and uncertainties and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. The Company considers its determination of the allowance for loan losses, goodwill impairment, the valuation of foreclosed real estate (OREO) and the valuation of deferred tax assets to be critical accounting policies.

The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the general practices of the United States banking industry. Application of these principles requires management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements. Accordingly, as this information changes, the financial statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions and judgments. Certain policies inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and, as such, have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported.

Estimates, assumptions and judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset not carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment write-down or valuation reserve to be established or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent upon a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. The fair values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based either on quoted market prices or are provided by other third-party sources, when available. When these sources are not available, management makes estimates based upon what it considers to be the best available information.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is an estimate of the losses that exist in the loan portfolio. The allowance is based on two principles of accounting: (1) FASB ASC Topic 450 “Contingencies,” which requires that losses be accrued when they are probable of occurring and are estimable and (2) FASB ASC 310 “Receivables,” which requires that losses be accrued when it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest payments according to the contractual terms of the loan. The loss, if any, is determined by the difference between the loan balance and the value of collateral, the present value of expected future cash flows and values observable in the secondary markets.

The allowance for loan losses balance is an estimate based upon management’s evaluation of the loan portfolio. The allowance includes a specific and a general component. The specific component consists of management’s evaluation of impaired loans. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis using one of three acceptable methods: the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. Management assesses the ability of the borrower to repay the loan based upon all information available. Loans are examined to determine a specific allowance based upon the borrower’s payment history, economic conditions specific to the loan or borrower and other factors that would impact the borrower’s ability to repay the loan on its contractual basis. Depending on the assessment of the borrower’s ability to pay and the type, condition and value of collateral, management will establish an allowance amount specific to the loan.

Management uses a risk scale to assign grades to commercial relationships, which include commercial real estate, residential rentals, construction and land development, commercial loans and commercial equipment loans. Commercial loan relationships with an aggregate exposure to the Bank of $1,000,000 or greater are risk rated. Residential first mortgages, home equity and second mortgages and consumer loans are monitored on an ongoing basis based on borrower payment history. Consumer loans and residential real estate loans are classified as unrated unless they are part of a larger commercial relationship that requires grading or are troubled debt restructures or nonperforming loans with an Other Assets Especially Mentioned or higher risk rating due to a delinquent payment history.

The Company’s commercial loan portfolio is periodically reviewed by regulators and independent consultants engaged by management.

In establishing the general component of the allowance, management analyzes non-impaired loans in the portfolio including changes in the amount and type of loans. This analysis includes trends by portfolio segment in charge-offs, delinquency, classified loans, loan concentrations and the rate of portfolio segment growth. Qualitative factors also include an assessment of the current regulatory environment, the quality of credit administration and loan portfolio management and national and local economic trends. Based upon this analysis a loss factor is applied to each loan category and the Bank adjusts the loan loss allowance by increasing or decreasing the provision for loan losses.

Management has significant discretion in making the judgments inherent in the determination of the allowance for loan losses, including the valuation of collateral, assessing a borrower’s prospects of repayment and in establishing loss factors on the general component of the allowance. Changes in loss factors have a direct impact on the amount of the provision and on net income. Errors in management’s assessment of the global factors and their impact on the portfolio could result in the allowance not being adequate to cover losses in the portfolio and may result in additional provisions.

For additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses, refer to Notes 1 and 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the discussion in this MD&A.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances changed that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Bank is the only reporting unit of the Company with intangible assets.

In the third quarter of 2020, management determined that the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the banking industry was deemed a triggering event that required an interim impairment test for goodwill. Management engaged an independent consultant to assist management with a quantitative goodwill impairment analysis as of September 15, 2020 ("the measurement date"). The impairment analysis used both market and income approaches. The market approach used transaction and control premium analyses and compared resulting valuations both individually and to a selected peer group. The income approach analyzed discounted cash flows. The results of the methods were weighted to determine an overall value. The calculation of the goodwill impairment involves significant estimates and subjective assumptions which require a high degree of management judgment. Significant estimates and assumptions included, but were not limited to, projected profitability ratios, discount rates, cash flows projections, selection and evaluation of control premiums in appropriate market transactions and selection of peers.

Management concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of the measurement date. Management performed an annual analysis during the fourth quarter, as there were no changes in the Company's financial statements or operations that would indicate that it was more likely than not that goodwill was impaired subsequent to the measurement date, management concluded that goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2020.

It is possible that the length and severity of the COVID-19 crisis could cause the Company's goodwill to become impaired in future periods due to a sustained decline in the Company's stock price or other financial or qualitative measures. In the event that the Company concludes that all or a portion of its goodwill is impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings in that quarter. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital.

For additional information regarding goodwill, refer to Notes 1 and 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”)

The Company maintains a valuation allowance on OREO. As with the allowance for loan losses, the valuation allowance on OREO is based on FASB ASC 450 “Contingencies,” as well as the accounting guidance on impairment of long-lived assets. These statements require the Company to establish a valuation allowance when it has determined that the carrying amount of a foreclosed asset exceeds its fair value. Fair value of a foreclosed asset is measured by the cash flows expected to be realized from its subsequent disposition. These cash flows include the costs of selling or otherwise disposing of the asset.

In estimating the fair value of OREO, management must make significant assumptions regarding the timing and amount of cash flows. For example, in cases where the real estate acquired is undeveloped land, management must gather the best available evidence regarding the market value of the property, including appraisals, cost estimates of development and broker opinions. Due to the highly subjective nature of this evidence, as well as the limited market, long time periods involved and substantial risks, cash flow estimates are highly subjective and subject to change. Errors regarding any aspect of the costs or proceeds of developing, selling or otherwise disposing of foreclosed real estate could result in the allowance being inadequate to reduce carrying costs to fair value and may require an additional provision for valuation allowances.

For additional information regarding OREO, refer to Notes 1 and 6 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Deferred Tax Assets

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes,” which requires that deferred tax assets and liabilities be recognized using enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the book and tax bases of recorded assets and liabilities. FASB ASC 740 requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Management periodically evaluates the ability of the Company to realize the value of its deferred tax assets. If management were to determine that it would not be more likely than not that the Company would realize the full amount of the deferred tax assets, it would establish a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying value of the deferred tax asset to the amount it believes would be realized. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Company’s forecast of future taxable income and available tax-planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets.

Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income might affect the ultimate realization of the net deferred tax assets. Factors that may affect the Company’s ability to achieve sufficient forecasted taxable income include, but are not limited to, the following: increased competition, a decline in net interest margin, a loss of market share, decreased demand for financial services and national and regional economic conditions.

The Company’s provision for income taxes and the determination of the resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities involve a significant amount of management judgment and are based on the best information available at the time. The Company operates within federal and state taxing jurisdictions and is subject to audit in these jurisdictions.

For additional information regarding income taxes and deferred tax assets, refer to Notes 1 and 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

A comparison of the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019 is presented below.

Summary Financial Results

The COVID-19 pandemic presented both economic and operational challenges in 2020. Despite these challenges, the Company's 2020 operating results were strong. Our core profitability increased from a stable net interest margin primarily due to improved funding composition, increased non-interest income from additional products and services and expense control. The Company addressed COVID-19 credit concerns by increasing the allowance for loan losses, resolving multiple OREO assets and adding subordinated debt to strengthen regulatory capital. We helped our community and customers navigate economic uncertainty by originating U.S. Small Business Administration Paycheck Protection Program loans ("SBA PPP") and providing payment deferrals on our own portfolio loans.

We believe current market disruptions caused by both the COVID-19 pandemic and industry consolidation will provide opportunities for continued organic growth in 2021. The addition of new customers during 2020, continued our success in increasing lower cost transaction deposits in every year the last five years. Non-interest-bearing accounts and transaction accounts increased to 20.7% and 79.7% of deposits at December 31, 2020 from 16.0% and 73.9% at December 31, 2019.

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $16.1 million or $2.74 per diluted share compared to net income of $15.3 million or $2.75 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company’s ROAA and ROACE were 0.81% and 8.46% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 0.88% and 9.32% for the year ended December 31, 2019. The Company's PTPP ROAA and PTPP ROACE were 1.58% and 16.43% for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 1.32% and 14.07% for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Increased earnings in 2020 were the result of improving Bank's funding composition of interest-bearing liabilities, controlling operating costs, and organic loan growth. The $0.9 million increase to net income in 2020 compared to 2019 included increased net interest income and noninterest income of $7.4 million and $2.7 million, respectively, and a decreased income tax expense of $1.2 million. These additions to net income were partially offset by an increased loan loss provision of $8.6 million for the comparable periods and an increase in noninterest expense of $1.8 million.

Net interest income increased in 2020 as funding costs decreased faster than interest-earning asset yields fell. The economic uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the provision for loan losses and noninterest expense. The increase in noninterest expense was primarily attributable to OREO valuation adjustments in connection with sales. Noninterest income increased primarily due to gains on the sale of investment securities and interest rate protection referral fee income. The decrease in income tax expense was due to a change in the Company's state tax apportionment approach that was implemented in the first quarter of 2020 as well as lower pre-tax income.

The Company’s efficiency ratio improved from 61.10% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 54.81% for the year ended December 31, 2020, as a result of our continued focus on expense control and increased non-interest income. Management believes it is important to continue to focus on creating additional operating leverage in the present low interest rate environment.

The expansion of the Bank's technology platforms over the last several years was instrumental in slowing the growth of expenses and increasing profitability. Our technology strategy goals include: protecting the data integrity of our platforms and customer information; enhancing operating efficiency; permitting management to quickly respond to unforeseen technology opportunities and challenges, such as our COVID-19 related employee transition to a remote work environment; and providing an improved experience for our digital customers, which has helped us expand our customer deposit base.

The following were balance sheet financial highlights for 2020:

•Gross loans increased 11.0% or $160.4 million to $1,614.6 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was driven by our participation in SBA PPP as well as $84.4 million of growth in our commercial real estate loan portfolio.

•The ALLL increased to $19.4 million or 1.3% of portfolio loans at December 31, 2020 compared to $10.9 million or 0.8% of portfolio at December 31, 2019. Economic uncertainty from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the Company increasing provision expense to $10.7 million in 2020 from $2.1 million in 2019.

•At December 31, 2020, COVID-19 deferred loans were $35.4 million, 1.75% of assets, or 2.35% of gross loans, excluding SBA PPP loans.

•Non-performing assets improved in 2020 comparing December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2019:

◦Classified assets as a percentage of assets decreased 83 basis points to 1.10%.

◦Non-accrual loans, OREO and TDRs to total assets decreased 38 basis points to 1.08%.

•Total deposits increased $233.8 million or 15.5% to $1,745.6 million at December 31, 2020, which included an increase in transaction accounts of $274.1 million and a decrease in time deposits of $40.3 million. Transaction deposit accounts increased to 79.7% of deposits at December 31, 2020 from 73.9% at December 31, 2019.

•Liquidity increased in 2020 primarily due to the growth in transaction deposits which was partially offset by a reduction in time deposits. The Company’s net loan to deposit ratio has decreased from 95.6% at December 31, 2019 to 91.3% at December 31, 2020. The Company used available on-balance sheet liquidity during 2020 to fund loans, increase investments and pay down wholesale funding. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company used excess liquidity to pay-off higher rate long term FHLB advances. The decrease in wholesale funding increased available off-balance sheet lines of credit.

•The Company redeemed and issued subordinated notes:

◦On February 15, 2020, the Company redeemed $23.0 million of 6.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes.

◦On October 14, 2020, the Company issued and sold $20.0 million 4.75% Fixed to Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030. The Company contributed $10.0 million of the net proceeds to the Bank as Tier 1 Capital and may use the remainder of the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, to support bank regulatory capital ratios and for potential common stock share repurchases.

The following were balance sheet financial highlights for 2019:

•On December 31, 2019, the Company issued a total of 312,747 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 in a private placement offering. The Company received net proceeds of $10.6 million after deal expenses.

•In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company reclassified all HTM investments as AFS. The Company no longer intends to hold HTM investments. Management’s decision should improve interest rate risk management opportunities and increase available on-balance sheet liquidity. In addition, at the Bank’s current asset size, regulatory capital ratios will not be impacted as accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) is excluded.

Net Interest Income

The primary component of the Company’s net income is its net interest income, which is the difference between income earned on assets and interest paid on the deposits and borrowings used to fund them. Net interest income is affected by the difference between the yields earned on the Company’s interest-earning assets and the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, as well as the relative amounts of such assets and liabilities. Net interest income, divided by average interest-earning assets, represents the Company’s net interest margin.

Average Balances and Yields :

The following tables set forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effect thereof was not material. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or expense. There was $0.6 million and $0.9 million of accretion interest during the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2020						2019
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Interest		Avg. Yield/Cost		Average Balance		Interest		Avg. Yield/Cost
Assets
Commercial real estate	$	993,478	$	43,239	4.35	%	$	912,954	$	43,016	4.71	%
Residential first mortgages	159,265		5,229		3.28	%	159,702		5,840		3.66	%
Residential rentals	132,524		5,841		4.41	%	121,912		6,186		5.07	%
Construction and land development	37,930		1,795		4.73	%	32,590		1,897		5.82	%
Home equity and second mortgages	33,458		1,334		3.99	%	36,330		2066		5.69	%
Commercial and equipment loans	113,886		5,539		4.86	%	118,399		6,538		5.52	%
SBA PPP loans	90,345		2,704		2.99	%	—		—		—	%
Consumer loans	1,099		50		4.55	%	920		59		6.41	%
Allowance for loan losses	(15,681)		—		—	%	(11,170)		—		—	%
Loan portfolio	1,546,304		65,731		4.25	%	1,371,637		65,602		4.78	%
Taxable investment securities	214,187		4,832		2.26	%	227,693		6,414		2.82	%
Nontaxable investment securities	14,214		338		2.38	%	—		—		—	%
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks	19,444		110		0.57	%	8,719		237		2.72	%
Federal funds sold	20,890		62		0.30	%	7,577		200		2.64	%
Interest-Earning Assets ("IEAs")	1,815,039		71,073		3.92	%	1,615,626		72,453		4.48	%
Cash and cash equivalents	68,651						23,044
Goodwill	10,835						10,835
Core deposit intangible	1,837						2,479
Other assets	88,913						91,464
Total Assets	$	1,985,275					$	1,743,448

Average Balances and Yields : (Continued)


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2020				2019
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance	Interest	Avg. Yield/Cost		Average Balance	Interest	Avg. Yield/Cost
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	324,597	—	—	%	226,964	—	—	%
Interest-bearing deposits
Savings	84,463	85	0.10	%	70,130	70	0.10	%
Interest-bearing demand and money market accounts	850,023	2,386	0.28	%	710,709	6,771	0.95	%
Certificates of deposit	370,743	5,210	1.41	%	448,924	8,537	1.90	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	1,305,229	7,681	0.59	%	1,229,763	15,378	1.25	%
Total Deposits	1,629,826	7,681	0.47	%	1,456,727	15,378	1.06	%
Long-term debt	53,615	1373	2.56	%	32,702	743	2.27	%
Short-term borrowings	8,156	111	1.36	%	30,965	774	2.50	%
PPPLF Advance	60,360	211	0.35	%	—	—	—	%
Subordinated Notes	7,953	395	4.97	%	23,000	1,438	6.25	%
Guaranteed preferred beneficial interest in junior subordinated debentures	12,000	385	3.21	%	12,000	586	4.88	%
Total Debt	142,084	2,475	1.74	%	98,667	3,541	3.59	%
Interest-Bearing Liabilities ("IBLs")	1,447,313	10,156	0.70	%	1,328,430	18,919	1.42	%
Total funds	1,771,910	10,156	0.57	%	1,555,394	18,919	1.22	%
Other liabilities	22,645				24,118
Stockholders' equity	190,720				163,936
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	1,985,275				1,743,448

Net interest income		60,917				53,534

Interest rate spread			3.22	%			3.06	%
Net yield on interest-earning assets			3.36	%			3.31	%
Avg. loans to avg. deposits			94.88	%			94.16	%
Avg. transaction deposits to total avg. deposits **			77.25	%			69.18	%
Ratio of average IEAs to average IBLs			125.41	%			121.62	%

** Transaction deposits exclude time deposits.

The tables below summarize changes in interest income and interest expense of the Bank for the periods indicated. For each category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability, information is provided on changes attributable to (1) changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by old rate); and (2) changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by old volume). Changes in rate-volume (changes in rate multiplied by the change in volume) have been allocated to changes due to volume.


Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Volume		Due to Rate		Total
Interest income:
Loan portfolio	$	7,425	$	(7,296)	$	129
Investment securities, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits	492		(2,001)		(1,509)
Total interest-earning assets	$	7,917	$	(9,297)	$	(1,379)

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings	14		1		15
Interest-bearing demand and money market accounts	391		(4,776)		(4,385)
Certificates of deposit	(1,099)		(2,228)		(3,327)
Long-term debt	536		94		630
Short-term borrowings	(310)		(353)		(663)
PPPLF Advance	211		—		211
Subordinated notes	(747)		(296)		(1,043)
Guaranteed preferred beneficial interest in junior subordinated debentures	—		(201)		(201)
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	(1,004)	$	(7,759)	$	(8,763)

Net change in net interest income	$	8,921	$	(1,538)	$	7,384

Net interest income totaled $60.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, which represents a 13.8% increase from $53.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Net interest income increased during 2020 compared to the prior year as the positive impacts of average interest-earning asset growth, income from SBA PPP loans and decreased funding costs outpaced the negative impacts of lower yields earned on loans and investments and growth in the average balances of interest-bearing liabilities. The Bank has increased lower cost transaction deposits in every year over the last five years, including during the pandemic. Non-interest bearing accounts and transaction accounts increased to 20.7% and 79.7% of deposits at December 31, 2020 from 16.0% and 73.9% at December 31, 2019.

Net interest margin of 3.36% for the year ended December 31, 2020, was five basis points higher than the 3.31% for the year ended December 31, 2019. Increased net interest margin resulted primarily from the Company's overall funding costs decreasing at a faster rate (65 basis points) than interest earning asset yields (56 basis points). The sharp decline in interest rates in 2020 not only reduced interest income on floating-rate commercial loans and liquid interest-earning assets, but it also reduced competitive pressures and depositor expectations concerning deposit interest rates. In addition, the continued improvement in the Bank's funding mix, replacing wholesale funding and time deposits in favor of transaction accounts helped margins expand slightly.

Average total earning assets increased 12.3%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 to $1,815.0 million compared to $1,615.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Average loans increased a $174.7 million with growth in commercial real estate and other commercial loans, and SBA PPP program loans. Interest income decreased $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019. The decrease in interest income resulted from lower interest yields accounting for $9.3 million, partially offset by larger average balances of interest-earning assets contributing $7.9 million.

Average total interest-bearing liabilities increased 8.9%, for the year ended December 31, 2020 to $1,447.3 million compared to $1,328.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Interest expense decreased $8.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019. Interest expense decreased $7.8 million due to lower interest rates and $1.0 million from increased balances of interest-bearing liabilities.

The Bank's success at increasing transaction accounts, and in particular the increases in noninterest-bearing accounts, was the most important factor in increasing net interest margin in 2020. In addition, the decrease in time deposits positively impacted

margins. During the year ended December 31, 2020, average noninterest-bearing demand deposits increased $97.6 million, or 43.0% to $324.6 million. Average transaction accounts increased $251.3 million or 24.9% to $1,259.1 million from $1,007.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the same timeframe average time deposits decreased $78.2 million or 17.4%, to $370.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Funding costs decreased at a faster rate as the percentage of funding coming from transaction accounts increased from 64.8% for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 71.1% for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Interest income accretion on acquired loans contributed $0.6 million and $0.9 million to interest income in 2020 and 2019, respectively. SBA loan fees and interest income contributed $2.7 million in 2020. Interest expense increased by $0.6 million due to prepayment fees recognized on the early repayment of $30.0 million of higher-rate long-term FHLB advances in the last six months of 2020.

Interest rates decreased in 2020 following the FOMC attempts to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the U.S. economy. The FOMC reduced the Fed Funds rate from 1.75% at December 2019 to the current rate of 0.25% in March 2020. The below table illustrates how the Company's average rates responded during the five quarters ending December 31, 2020 and provides a summary of the Company's stable to slightly increasing margins throughout 2020:


	Three Months Ended
	December 31, 2020		September 30, 2020		June 30, 2020		March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Interest rate spread	3.29	%	3.15	%	3.21	%	3.21	%	3.05	%
Net interest margin	3.40	%	3.27	%	3.34	%	3.43	%	3.29	%
Loan Yields	4.25	%	4.06	%	4.17	%	4.56	%	4.70	%
Cost of funds	0.42	%	0.46	%	0.54	%	0.93	%	1.14	%
Cost of deposits	0.26	%	0.37	%	0.48	%	0.82	%	1.00	%

Provision for Loan Losses

The following table shows the provision for loan losses for the periods presented.


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019

Provision for loan losses	$	10,700	$	2,130

The provision for loan losses increased by $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Net charge-offs remained stable decreasing from 0.16% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2019 to 0.15% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2020 as several relationships that were substandard prior to the pandemic were resolved in 2020. The increase in the loan loss provision during 2020 was mostly attributable to the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and considered the potential impact of credit losses due to our loan payment deferral programs. The current year growth in the commercial loan portfolio also contributed to provision expense. No credit issues are anticipated with US SBA PPP loans as they are guaranteed by the SBA. The Bank's allowance for loan losses does not include an allowance for US SBA PPP loans.

See further discussion of the provision under the Asset Quality section in the Comparison of Financial Condition section of MD&A.

Noninterest Income

The following table shows the components of noninterest income and the dollar and percentage changes for the periods presented.


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest Income
Loan appraisal, credit, and miscellaneous charges	$	174	$	335	$	(161)	(48.1)	%
Gain on sale of assets	6		—		6		—	%
Net gains on sale of investment securities	1,384		226		1,158		512.4
Unrealized gain on equity securities	101		134		(33)		(24.6)	%
Loss on premises and equipment held for sale	—		(1)		1		(100.0)
Income from bank owned life insurance	881		885		(4)		(0.5)	%
Service charges	3,490		3,308		182		5.5	%
Referral fee income	2,380		879		1,501		170.8

Total Noninterest Income	$	8,416	$	5,766	$	2,650	46.0	%

Noninterest income increased from 0.33% of average assets in 2019 to 0.42% of average assets in 2020. The largest increase was due to a $1.5 million increase in interest rate protection referral fee income from a new product the Bank offered commencing in mid-2019. During 2019, the Bank began referring customers to a third-party financial institution that offers interest rate protection for the length of a loan. This product has enabled the Bank to be more rate competitive with larger institutions in our market area without increasing interest rate risk.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized net gains of $1.4 million on the sale of 42 AFS securities with aggregate carrying values of $62.5 million. There were 20 sales of securities during the year ended December 31, 2019 for net gains of $0.2 million with aggregate carrying values of $31.6 million. The importance of managing interest-rate risks has been heightened during the last two years due to the Bank's improved on-balance sheet liquidity and increased interest rate volatility from up and down rates and a flattened yield curve.

Increased service charges of $0.2 million were due to a larger customer base and the growth in organic deposits. In addition, the Bank revamped its digital suite of retail deposit account product offerings in late 2019 and focused on adding more consumer checking accounts. The new product offerings have provided our business development teams additional resources to increase consumer checking accounts and have contributed to the Bank's 2020 success in increasing non-interest bearing checking accounts. Our increased focus on our retail suite of products has resulted in commercial customers encouraging their employees to Bank with us.

Noninterest Expense

The following tables show the components of noninterest expense and the dollar and percentage changes for the periods presented.


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and benefits	$	19,553	$	20,445	$	(892)	(4.4)	%
OREO valuation allowance and expenses	3,200		963		2,237		232.3	%

Sub-total	22,753		21,408		1,345		6.3	%
Operating Expenses
Occupancy expense	3,010		3,101		(91)		(2.9)	%
Advertising	525		762		(237)		(31.1)	%
Data processing expense	3,671		3,048		623		20.4	%
Professional fees	2,413		2,196		217		9.9	%
Depreciation of premises and equipment	605		685		(80)		(11.7)	%
Telephone communications	188		203		(15)		(7.4)	%
Office supplies	120		149		(29)		(19.5)	%
FDIC insurance	939		334		605		181.1	%
Core deposit intangible amortization	591		688		(97)		(14.1)	%
Other	3,188		3,659		(471)		(12.9)	%
Total Operating Expenses	$	15,250	$	14,825	$	425	2.9	%
Total Noninterest Expense	$	38,003	$	36,233	$	1,770	4.9	%

The increase in non-interest expense for the comparable periods was primarily due to increased OREO expenses coupled with increased data processing expense, professional fees expense and FDIC insurance. The increases were partially offset by decreases in compensation and benefits, advertising and other expenses.

The following is a breakdown of OREO expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
Valuation allowance	$	3,022	$	901	$	2,121	235.4	%
Losses (gains) on dispositions	9		(188)		197		(104.8)	%
Operating expenses	169		250		(81)		(32.4)	%
	$	3,200	$	963	$	2,237	232.3	%

The increased OREO valuation allowance during the year ended December 31, 2020 was due to management's actions to timely resolve non-performing assets. OREO balances decreased from $7.8 million at December 31, 2019 to $3.1 million at December 31, 2020.

Compensation and benefits decreased 4.4% or $0.9 million to $19.6 million in 2020, primarily due to the deferral of $0.5 million of costs for US SBA PPP loans originated during the second and third quarters of 2020. The Bank's overall full time equivalent ("FTE") head count slightly fluctuated between 189 and 196 employees for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Data processing expense increased $0.6 million or 20.4% to $3.7 million primarily due to the Bank's continued investment in new technology. The Company's investments in technology have slowed the growth of FTEs and related expenses as the asset size of the Bank has increased.

Professional fees increased $0.2 million in 2020 compared to 2019 due to several strategic initiatives, including the implementation of new data systems, repayment and issuance of subordinated debt, and consulting services supporting CECL implementation and COVID-19 programs.

Advertising expense decreased in 2020 as management modified the marketing strategy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The increased FDIC insurance was the result of increased deposit balances in 2020 and credits totaling $0.3 million received in 2019 with no comparable credits in 2020. The 12.9% decrease in other expense was primarily due to a $0.3 million decrease in seminar and meetings expense due to COVID-19 travel and meeting restrictions that prohibited attendance at Company sponsored events and industry and professional seminars.

For the year ended December 31, 2020 the efficiency ratio and net operating expense to average asset ratio were 54.81% and 1.49%, respectively compared to 61.10% and 1.75%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2019. Management remains committed to controlling expenses through leveraging technology to employ scalable solutions.

Income Tax Expense

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded income tax expense of $4.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively.

The Company's consolidated effective tax rate for 2020 was 21.8% compared to a normalized effective rate of 25.4%. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company's changed its state tax apportionment approach and filed amended income tax returns which reduced consolidated income tax expense by $0.7 million. Management evaluated the tax provision and determined the change in tax position qualified as a change in estimate under FASB ASC Section 250.

The following table shows a breakdown of income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 split between the apportionment adjustment and a normalized 2020 income tax provision:


	For the Year Ended December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Tax Provision		Effective Tax Rate
Income tax apportionment adjustment	$	(743)	(3.6)	%
Income taxes before apportionment adjustment	5,237		25.4
Income tax expense as reported	$	4,494	21.8	%

Income before income taxes	$	20,630

The Company’s consolidated effective tax rate was 27.06% for the year ended December 31, 2019, reflecting a first quarter net deferred tax adjustment related to the accounting treatment for acquired Bank Owned Life Insurance, which was partially offset by holding company expenses that are not deductible for state tax purposes.

COMPARISON OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AT DECEMBER 31, 2020 AND 2019

Assets

Total assets increased $228.9 million or 12.73% to $2.0 billion at December 31, 2020 compared to total assets of $1.8 billion at December 31, 2019 primarily due to increased net loans of $149.0 million with U.S. SBA PPP loans accounting for $108.0 million of the increase. Cash and cash equivalents increased $44.6 million, or 137.35%, to $77.1 million and total securities increased $38.1 million, or 17.88%, to $251.2 million. The differences in allocations between the cash and investment categories reflect both operational needs and excess liquidity that was not redeployed into loan originations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents totaled $77.1 million at December 31, 2020, compared to $32.5 million at December 31, 2019. Total cash and cash equivalents fluctuate on a daily basis due to transactions in process and other liquidity demands. Management believes liquidity needs are satisfied by the current balance of cash and cash equivalents, readily available access to traditional and wholesale funding sources, and the portions of the investment and loan portfolios that mature within one year.

Investment Securities

Investment securities and FHLB stock at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, estimated fair value were $253.9 million and $216.5 million, respectively. In December 2019, the Company reclassified the HTM portfolio to the AFS portfolio. The Company held no HTM securities at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Bank's primary reasons for the HTM reclassification were to better manage interest rate risks and provide additional on-balance sheet liquidity.

The following table sets forth the carrying value of the Company’s investment securities portfolio and FHLB of Atlanta stock at the dates indicated. FHLB of Atlanta stocks are carried at amortized cost and AFS securities are carried at fair value.


	At December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Asset-backed securities:
Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and Ginnie Mae	$	162,400	$	183,024
U.S. Agencies	—		9,733
Student Loan Trust ABSs	37,439		—
Other	288		371
Total asset-backed securities	200,127		193,128
Callable GSE Agency Bonds	—		2,002
Certificates of Deposit Fixed	—		250
U.S. Treasury Bills	1,500		1,489
Municipal bonds	44,478		11,318
Total investment securities available-for-sale	246,105		208,187
Other equity securities
Bond mutual funds	4,855		4,669
Corporate equity securities	207		209
Total investment securities	251,167		213,065
FHLB stock	2,777		3,447
Total investment securities and FHLB stock	$	253,944	$	216,512

The amortized cost of AFS investment securities by contractual maturity at December 31, 2020 are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties. The maturities and weighted average yields at December 31, 2020 are shown below.


December 31, 2020	One Year or Less				After One Through Five Years				After Five Through Ten Years				After Ten Years				Total Investment Securities
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Average Yield		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
AFS Investment securities:
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies	$	23,082	1.91	%	$	40,396	1.78	%	$	44,717	1.54	%	$	50,618	1.33	%	$	158,813	$	162,401
Asset-backed securities issued by Others	5,440		0.69	%	9,522		0.69	%	10,540		0.70	%	11,931		0.71	%	37,433		37,727
Municipal securities	6,143		3.17	%	10,751		3.17	%	11,901		3.17	%	13,472		3.17	%	42,267		44,477

U.S. Treasury bills	1,500		0.07	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	1,500		1,500
Total AFS investment securities	$	36,165	1.91	%	$	60,669	1.86	%	$	67,158	1.85	%	$	76,021	2.20	%	$	240,013	$	246,105

Credit Quality of Investments Securities

The tables below present the Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or equivalent credit rating from other major rating agencies for AFS investment securities by carrying value at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Company considers noninvestment grade securities rated BB+ or lower as classified assets for regulatory and financial reporting. GSE asset-backed securities and GSE agency bonds with S&P AA+ ratings were treated as AAA based on regulatory guidance.


December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Credit Rating	Amount		Credit Rating	Amount
(dollars in thousands)			(dollars in thousands)
AAA	$	220,757	AAA	$	200,481
AA	25,059		AA	7,334
A	289		A	372


Total	$	246,105	Total	$	208,187

Management monitors and manages investment portfolio performance and liquidity through monthly reporting including analyses of expected cash inflows and outflows from investment securities. Management believes the risk characteristics inherent in the investment portfolio are acceptable.

The Company did not hold any noninvestment grade securities at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. AFS securities are evaluated quarterly to determine whether a decline in their value is other than temporarily impaired ("OTTI"). No OTTI charge was recorded for the periods reported.

Gross unrealized losses at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for AFS securities were $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of amortized cost of $240.0 million and $206.1 million, respectively (see Note 2 in Consolidated Financial Statements). The change in unrealized losses was the result of changes in interest rates and other non-credit related factors, while credit risks remained stable. The Company intends to, and has the ability to, hold investment securities with unrealized losses until they mature, at which time the Company will receive full value for the securities. Management believes that the investment securities with unrealized losses will either recover in market value or be paid off as agreed.

The Bank holds 66.8% or $160.3 million of its AFS investment securities at amortized cost, as asset-backed securities issued by GSEs or U.S. Agencies, GSE agency bonds or U.S. government obligations. In addition, the Company's amortized cost investment of $37.1 million in student loan trusts, which represent 15.5% of the AFS investment portfolio, are 97% U.S. government guaranteed. At December 31, 2020, the Company also had $42.3 million or 17.6% of AFS investments in municipal bonds.

AFS asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies were guaranteed by their issuer as to credit risk and had average lives of 5.09 years and 4.39 years and average durations of 4.81 years and 3.94 years at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. At December 31, 2020, AFS asset-backed securities issued by student loan trust and others had an average life of 6.47 years and an average duration of 6.14 years. AFS municipal bonds issued by states, political subdivisions or agencies had an average life of 9.81 years and 9.51 years and an average duration of 8.53 years and 8.18 years at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Loan Portfolio and U.S. SBA PPP Loans

The Bank's primary market areas consist of the tri-county area in Southern Maryland and the greater Fredericksburg area in Virginia. The portfolio, which includes all loans except the U.S. SBA PPP loans, consists primarily of commercial and residential lending. Portfolio loans totaled $1,504.3 million as of December 31, 2020 and $1,454.2 million as of December 31, 2019. During 2020, the Bank experienced loan growth of $50.1 million or 3.4%. Growth in in the commercial portfolios was $91.1 million or 7.3% while the consumer portfolio declined by $41.0 million or 20.0%.

During 2020, the Company originated 971 U.S. SBA PPP loans with original balances of $140.9 million. As of December 31, 2020, there were 867 U.S. SBA PPP loans with outstanding balances of $110.3 million. The Company is presently assisting customers with forgiveness applications for outstanding loans as well as processing new loan applications for funding that became available in January 2021.

Our growth in commercial real estate and commercial portfolios has increased asset sensitivity over the last five years. Commercial real estate increased from 66.34% of gross loans at December 31, 2019 to 69.75% at December 31, 2020. The following is a breakdown of the Company’s loan portfolios as of the dates indicated:


(dollars in thousands)	At December 31,
	2020				2019				2018				2017				2016
	Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount		%		Amount		%

Portfolio Loans:
Commercial real estate	$	1,049,147	69.8	%	$	964,777	66.3	%	$	878,016	65.2	%	$	727,314	63.2	%	$	667,105	61.2	%
Residential first mortgages	133,779		8.9	%	167,710		11.5	%	156,709		11.6	%	170,374		14.8	%	171,004		15.7	%
Residential rentals	139,059		9.2	%	123,601		8.5	%	124,298		9.2	%	110,228		9.6	%	101,897		9.4	%
Construction and land development	37,520		2.5	%	34,133		2.4	%	29,705		2.2	%	27,871		2.4	%	36,934		3.4	%
Home equity and second mortgages	29,129		1.9	%	36,098		2.5	%	35,561		2.6	%	21,351		1.9	%	21,399		2.0	%
Commercial loans	52,921		3.5	%	63,102		4.3	%	71,680		5.3	%	56,417		4.9	%	50,484		4.6	%
Consumer loans	1,027		0.1	%	1,104		0.1	%	751		0.1	%	573		—	%	422		—	%
Commercial equipment	61,693		4.1	%	63,647		4.4	%	50,202		3.7	%	35,916		3.1	%	39,737		3.6	%
Gross portfolio loans	1,504,275		100.0	%	1,454,172		100.0	%	1,346,922		100.0	%	1,150,044		100.0	%	1,088,982		100.0	%
Less:
Net deferred costs	1,264		0.08	%	1,879		0.13	%	1,183		0.09	%	1,086		0.09	%	397		0.04	%
Allowance for loan losses	(19,424)		(1.20)	%	(10,942)		(0.75)	%	(10,976)		(0.81)	%	(10,515)		(0.91)	%	(9,860)		(0.91)	%
	(18,160)				(9,063)				(9,793)				(9,429)				(9,463)
Net portfolio loans	$	1,486,115			$	1,445,109			$	1,337,129			$	1,140,615			$	1,079,519

U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP) loans	$	110,320			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Net deferred fees	(2,360)				—				—				—				—
Net SBA PPP loans	$	107,960			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—

Total net loans	$	1,594,075			$	1,445,109			$	1,337,129			$	1,140,615			$	1,079,519

Gross Loans	$	1,614,595			$	1,454,172			$	1,346,922			$	1,150,044			$	1,088,982

Maturity of Loan Portfolio

The following table sets forth information at December 31, 2020 regarding the dollar amount of loans maturing in the Bank’s portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity. Demand loans, loans having no stated schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less.


December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands) Description of Asset	Due in one year or less		After one but within five years		After five years		Total
Real Estate Loans
Commercial	$	111,766	$	191,859	$	745,522	$	1,049,147
Residential first mortgage	6,979		24,066		102,734		133,779
Residential rentals	8,188		22,462		108,409		139,059
Construction and land development	29,690		7,830		—		37,520
Home equity and second mortgage	64		106		28,959		29,129
Commercial loans	52,921		—		—		52,921
Consumer loans	370		583		74		1,027
Commercial equipment	13,499		29,563		18,631		61,693
Total gross portfolio loans	$	223,477	$	276,469	$	1,004,329	$	1,504,275
U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP) loans	73,675		36,645		—		110,320
Total gross loans	$	297,152	$	313,114	$	1,004,329	$	1,614,595

The following table sets forth the dollar amount of all loans due after one year from December 31, 2020, which have predetermined interest rates and have floating or adjustable interest rates.


December 31, 2020	Fixed Rates		Floating or Adjustable Rates		Total
(dollars in thousands) Description of Asset
Real Estate Loans
Commercial	$	138,235	$	799,146	$	937,381
Residential first mortgage	94,050		32,750		126,800
Residential rentals	18,293		112,578		130,871
Construction and land development	4,787		3,043		7,830
Home equity and second mortgage	129		28,936		29,065
Commercial loans	—		—		—
Consumer loans	657		—		657
Commercial equipment	40,078		8,116		48,194
Gross portfolio loans	$	296,229	$	984,569	$	1,280,798
U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP) loans	36,645		—		36,645
Gross loans	$	332,874	$	984,569	$	1,317,443

Loan Concentrations

At December 31, 2020, commercial loans represented the largest component of the loan portfolio with a significant amount real estate secured. The Bank's commercial loans are concentrated in our market area; however, these loans are distributed among many different borrowers in numerous industries.

Non-owner-occupied commercial real estate as a percentage of risk-based capital at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $695.8 million or 316.05% and $639.1 million or 319.98%, respectively. Construction loans as a percentage of risk-based capital at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $139.2 million or 63.24% and $147.2 million and 73.68%, respectively.

Asset Quality

The following table shows asset quality ratios at and for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	At or for the Years Ended December 31,
	2020			2019			2018			2017			2016
SELECTED ASSET QUALITY DATA
Gross portfolio loans	$	1,504,275		$	1,454,172		$	1,346,922		$	1,150,044		$	1,088,982
Classified assets	22,358			34,636			40,819			50,298			39,246
Allowance for loan losses	19,424			10,942			10,976			10,515			9,860
Nonperforming loans (>=90 Days) (1)	11,965			12,778			11,110			2,483			7,705

Non-accrual loans (2)	18,222			17,857			19,282			4,693			8,374
Accruing troubled debt restructures (TDRs) (3)	572			650			6,676			10,021			10,448
Other Real Estate Owned (OREO)	3,109			7,773			8,111			9,341			7,763
Non-accrual loans, OREO and TDRs	$	21,903		$	26,280		$	34,069		$	24,055		$	26,585
SELECTED ASSET QUALITY RATIOS
Classified assets to total assets	1.10		%	1.93		%	2.42		%	3.58		%	2.94		%
Classified assets to risk-based capital	9.61			16.21			21.54			32.10			26.13
Allowance for loan losses to portfolio loans	1.29			0.75			0.81			0.91			0.91
Allowance for loan losses to non-accrual loans	106.60			61.28			56.92			224.06			117.75
Net charge-offs to avg. outstanding loans	0.15			0.16			0.07			0.03			0.11
Nonperforming loans to portfolio loans	0.80			0.88			0.82			0.22			0.71
Non-accrual loans to portfolio loans	1.21			1.23			1.43			0.41			0.77
Non-accrual loans and TDRs to portfolio loans	1.25			1.27			1.93			1.28			1.73
Non-accrual loans and OREO to total assets	1.05			1.43			1.62			1.00			1.21
Non-accrual loans, OREO and TDRs to total assets	1.08			1.46			2.02			1.71			1.99

___________________________________________

(1) Nonperforming loans include all loans that are 90 days or more delinquent.

(2) Non-accrual loans include all loans that are 90 days or more delinquent and loans that are non-accrual due to the operating results or cash flows of a customer.

(3) TDR loans include both non-accrual and accruing performing loans. All TDR loans are included in the calculation of asset quality financial ratios. Non-accrual TDR loans are included in the non-accrual balance and accruing TDR loans are included in the accruing TDR balance.

COVID-19 Loan Programs

While the outbreak of COVID-19 adversely impacted a range of industries in the Company's footprint, we have taken steps to protect the health and well-being of our employees and customers and to assist customers who have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020. There have been additional clarifications to regulation and legislation since the original law was passed, including the December 2020 legislation that authorized another round of federal government funding for US SBA PPP loans.

During 2020 the Company originated 971 US SBA PPP loans with original balances of $140.9 million. As of December 31, 2020, US SBA PPP there were 867 loans with outstanding balances of $110.3 million. We are presently assisting our customers with the additional round of funding which began in January 2021. No credit issues are anticipated with US SBA PPP loans as they are guaranteed by the SBA and the Bank's allowance for loan loss does not include an allowance for US SBA PPP loans.

In April of 2020, the Company added COVID-19 payment deferral programs for impacted customers. The Company deferred either the full loan payment or the principal component of the loan payment between 90 and 180 days. As of December 31, 2020, $35.4 million or 2.4% of gross portfolio loans had deferral agreements. All COVID-19 deferred loans were current prior to the crisis and will not be considered delinquent loans or troubled debt restructures ("TDRs") upon completion of the modification agreements due to provisions in the CARES Act and regulations that permit U.S. financial institutions to temporarily suspend U.S. GAAP requirements to treat such loan modifications as TDRs.

Consistent with regulatory guidance, if new information during the deferral period indicates that there is evidence of default, the Bank may change the classification rating (e.g., change from passing credit to substandard) and accrual status (e.g., change from accrual to non-accrual status) as deemed appropriate. At December 31, 2020, deferrals were reflected in the Company’s asset quality measures for credit classifications (i.e., pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful) and accrual status. As of December 31, 2020, there were $3.4 million of COVID-19 deferred loans deemed to be non-accrual and substandard based on reviews. Below are schedules that provide information on COVID-19 deferred loans as of December 31, 2020:


COVID-19 Deferred Loans	December 31, 2020						Accrual Loans			Non-Accrual Loans
(dollars in thousands)	Loan Balances		% of Deferred Loans		% of Gross Portfolio Loans		Loan Balances		Number of Loans	Loan Balances		Number of Loans
Commercial real estate	$	29,883	84.45	%	1.98	%	$	26,500	10	$	3,382	4
Residential first mortgages	1,514		4.28	%	0.10	%	1,514		3	—		—





Commercial equipment	3,987		11.27	%	0.27	%	3,987		17	—		—
Total	$	35,384	100.00	%	2.35	%	$	32,001	30	$	3,382	4


COVID-19 Deferred Loans - Next Payment Due By Month
(dollars in thousands)	Loan Balances		%		Number of Loans
February-21	$	4,024	11.38	%	5
March-21	8,956		25.31		5
April-21	638		1.80		3
May-21	4,123		11.65		3
June-21	12,821		36.23		5
July-21	1,317		3.72		2
December-21	3,505		9.91		11
Total	$	35,384	100.00	%	34


COVID-19 Deferred Loans by NAICS Industry				% of Deferred Loans		% of Gross Portfolio Loans
(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020		Number of Loans
Real Estate Rental and Leasing	$	8,639	5	24.41	%	0.57	%
Accommodation and Food Services	17,210		5	48.64		1.14




Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation	3,716		4	10.50		0.25
Transportation and Warehousing	3,505		11	9.91		0.23
Retail Trade	395		5	1.12		0.03

Other Industries, Residential Mortgages and Consumer	1,919		4	5.42		0.13
Total	$	35,384	34	100.00	%	2.35	%

Classified Assets and Special Mention Assets

In 2020, management expeditiously resolved non-performing or substandard credits that were not likely to become performing or passing credits in a reasonable timeframe. Management believes this approach is in the best long-term interest of the Company.

Classified assets decreased $12.3 million from $34.6 million at December 31, 2019 to $22.4 million at December 31, 2020 and as a percentage of assets and risk-based capital are the lowest for the periods presented. Management considers classified assets to be an important measure of asset quality. The following is a breakdown of the Company’s classified and special mention assets at December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively:


	As of
(dollars in thousands)	12/31/2020			12/31/2019			12/31/2018			12/31/2017			12/31/2016
Classified loans
Substandard	$	19,249		$	26,863		$	32,226		$	40,306		$	30,463
Doubtful	—			—			—			—			137
Loss	—			—			—			—			—
Total classified loans	19,249			26,863			32,226			40,306			30,600
Special mention loans	7,672			—			—			96			—
Total classified and special mention loans	$	26,921		$	26,863		$	32,226		$	40,402		$	30,600

Classified loans	$	19,249		$	26,863		$	32,226		$	40,306		$	30,600
Classified securities	—			—			482			651			883
Other real estate owned	3,109			7,773			8,111			9,341			7,763
Total classified assets	$	22,358		$	34,636		$	40,819		$	50,298		$	39,246

Total classified assets and special mention loans	$	30,030		$	34,636		$	40,819		$	50,394		$	39,246

Total classified assets as a percentage of total assets	1.10		%	1.93		%	2.42		%	3.58		%	2.94		%
Total classified assets as a percentage of Risk Based Capital	9.61		%	16.21		%	21.54		%	32.10		%	26.13		%

Non-Performing Assets

The following table sets forth information with respect to the Bank’s non-performing assets. There were no loans 90 days or more past due that were still accruing interest at the dates indicated.


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016
Non-accrual loans:
Commercial real estate	$	16,612	$	12,249	$	14,632	$	1,987	$	2,371
Residential first mortgages	794		830		1,374		985		623
Residential rentals	275		937		963		825		577
Construction and land dev.	—		—		—		—		3,048
Home equity and second mortgages	495		448		147		257		61
Commercial loans	—		3,127		866		172		1,044

Commercial equipment	46		266		1,300		467		650
Total non-accrual loans (1)	18,222		17,857		19,282		4,693		8,374

OREO	3,109		7,773		8,111		9,341		7,763

TDRs: (1)
Commercial real estate	1,376		1,420		5,612		9,273		9,587
Residential first mortgages	247		64		66		527		545
Residential rentals (2)	—		—		216		221		227
Construction and land dev.	—		—		729		729		3,777
Home equity and second mortgages	—		—		—		—		872
Commercial loans	—		—		53		4		—
Commercial equipment	471		565		29		36		113
Total TDRs	2,094		2,049		6,705		10,790		15,121
Total Accrual TDRs	572		650		6,676		10,021		10,448

Total non-accrual loans, OREO and Accrual TDRs	$	21,903	$	26,280	$	34,069	$	24,055	$	26,585

Interest income due at stated rates, but not recognized on non-accruals	$	620	$	537	$	537	$	185	$	1,103

(1) Non-accrual loans include all loans that are 90 days or more delinquent and loans that are non-accrual due to the operating results or cash flows of a customer.

(2) TDR loans include both non-accrual and accruing performing loans. All TDR loans are included in the calculation of asset quality financial ratios. Non-accrual TDR loans are included in the non-accrual balance and accruing TDR loans are included in the accruing TDR balance.

Non-accrual loans and OREO to total assets decreased from 1.43% at December 31, 2019 to 1.05% at December 31, 2020. Non-accrual loans, OREO and TDRs to total assets decreased from 1.46% at December 31, 2019 to 1.08% at December 31, 2020.

Non-accrual loans increased $0.4 million from $17.9 million at December 31, 2019 to $18.2 million at December 31, 2020. All interest accrued but not collected from loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income. In accordance with the Company’s policy, interest income is recognized on a cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are reviewed on a regular basis and are placed on non-accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the collection of additional interest is doubtful. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well secured and in the process of collection. Non-accrual loans include certain loans that are current with all loan payments and are placed on non-accrual status due to customer operating results and cash flows. Non-accrual loans are evaluated for impairment on a loan-by-loan basis in accordance with the Company’s impairment methodology.

At December 31, 2020, there were $6.3 million (34%) of non-accrual loans current with all payments of principal and interest with no impairment and $12.0 million (66%) of delinquent non-accrual loans with a total of $1.3 million specifically reserved. At December 31, 2019, there were $5.1 million (28%) of non-accrual loans current with all payments of principal and interest with no impairment and $12.8 million (72%) of delinquent non-accrual loans with a total of $0.5 million specifically reserved. Non-accrual loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019 included three TDRs totaling $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. These loans were classified solely as non-accrual for the calculation of financial ratios.

Non-accrual loans on which the recognition of interest has been discontinued, which did not have a specific allowance for impairment, amounted to $12.4 million and $11.7 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest due but not recognized on these balances at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Non-accrual loans with a specific allowance for impairment on which the recognition of interest has been discontinued amounted to $5.8 million and $6.1 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Interest due but not recognized on these balances at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The following is a breakdown by loan classification of the Company's TDRs at December 31, 2020 and 2019.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	Dollars		Number of Loans	Dollars		Number of Loans
Commercial real estate	$	1,376	2	$	1,420	3
Residential first mortgages	247		2	64		1



Commercial equipment	471		2	565		4
Total TDRs	$	2,094	6	$	2,049	8
Less: TDRs included in non-accrual loans	(1,522)		(3)	(1,399)		(3)
Total performing accrual TDR loans	$	572	3	$	650	5

Other Real Estate Owned

The following is a summary roll-forward of OREO activity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019:


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Balance at beginning of year	$	7,773	$	8,111
Additions of underlying property	1,240		3,567
Disposals of underlying property	(2,882)		(3,004)

Valuation allowance	(3,022)		(901)
Balance at end of period	$	3,109	$	7,773

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following is a breakdown of the Company’s general and specific allowances as a percentage of gross loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019:


Breakdown of general and specific allowance as a percentage of gross portfolio loans (1)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
General allowance	$	18,068		$	10,114
Specific allowance	1,356			828
	$	19,424		$	10,942
General allowance	1.20		%	0.70		%
Specific allowance	0.09		%	0.06		%
Allowance to gross portfolio loans	1.29		%	0.75		%

Allowance to non-acquired gross portfolio loans	1.35		%	0.79		%

Total acquired loans	$	60,977		$	77,078
Non-acquired loans**	$	1,443,298		$	1,377,094
Gross portfolio loans	$	1,504,275		$	1,454,172

** Non-acquired loans include loans transferred from acquired pools following release of acquisition accounting FMV adjustments.

(1) Portfolio loans include all loan portfolios except the U.S. SBA PPP loan portfolio.

The provision for loan losses increased $8.6 million to $10.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Net charge-offs increased $54,000 from $2.2 million or 0.16% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $2.2 million or 0.15% of average loans for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Economic uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of our loan payment deferral programs and commercial real estate loan growth, increased the allowance as a percentage of loans by 54 basis points to 1.29% of gross portfolio loans at December 31, 2020 compared to 0.75% at December 31, 2019. No credit issues are anticipated with U.S. SBA PPP loans as they are guaranteed by the SBA and the Bank's allowance for loan loss does not include an allowance for U.S. SBA PPP loans.

Management believes that loans that were part of the COVID-19 deferral program in 2020 are more likely to default in the future and that the identification and resolution of specific problem credits could be delayed. Our evaluation of qualitative factors considered current and previously deferred loans, the length of the deferral period, the type and amount of collateral and customer industries.

Management believes that the allowance is adequate at December 31, 2020. The ALLL as a percent of total loans may increase or decrease in future periods based on economic conditions. Management’s determination of the adequacy of the allowance is

based on a periodic evaluation of the portfolio. Improvements to baseline charge-off factors for the periods used to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance as well as improvements in some qualitative factors, such as classified assets, were offset by increases in other qualitative factors, such as a downgrade in economic factors. The specific allowance is based on management’s estimate of realizable value for particular loans. For additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses, refer to Notes 1 and 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Critical Accounting Policy section of the MD&A.

The following table allocates the allowance for loan losses by portfolio loan category at the dates indicated. The allocation of the allowance to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in any category.


	At December 31,
	2020				2019				2018				2017				2016
(dollars in thousands)	Amount		% (1)		Amount		% (1)		Amount		% (1)		Amount		% (1)		Amount		% (1)
Commercial real estate	$	13,744	69.75	%	$	7,398	66.34	%	$	6,882	65.18	%	$	6,451	63.25	%	$	5,212	61.25	%
Residential first mortgages	1,305		8.89	%	464		11.53	%	755		11.63	%	1,144		14.81	%	1,406		15.70	%
Residential rentals	1,413		9.24	%	397		8.50	%	498		9.23	%	512		9.58	%	362		9.36	%
Construction and land dev.	401		2.49	%	273		2.35	%	310		2.21	%	462		2.42	%	941		3.39	%
Home equity and second mortgages	261		1.94	%	149		2.48	%	133		2.64	%	162		1.86	%	138		1.97	%
Commercial loans	1,222		3.52	%	1,086		4.34	%	1,482		5.32	%	1,013		4.91	%	794		4.64	%
Consumer loans	20		0.07	%	10		0.08	%	6		0.06	%	7		0.05	%	3		0.04	%
Commercial equipment	1,058		4.10	%	1,165		4.38	%	910		3.73	%	764		3.12	%	1,004		3.65	%
Total allowance for loan losses	$	19,424	100.00	%	$	10,942	100.00	%	$	10,976	100.00	%	$	10,515	100.00	%	$	9,860	100.00	%

(1) Percent of loans in each category to total portfolio loans

The following table sets forth an analysis of activity in the Bank’s allowance for loan losses for the periods indicated.


	At December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020			2019			2018			2017			2016
Balance at beginning of period	$	10,942		$	10,976		$	10,515		$	9,860		$	8,540
Charge-offs:
Commercial real estate	944			148			268			217			—
Residential first mortgages	—			—			115			—			—
Residential rentals	—			53			84			42			14
Construction and land dev.	—			329			—			26			526
Home equity and second mortgages	53			28			7			14			—
Commercial loans	1,027			1,127			94			13			594
Consumer loans	6			5			2			2			1
Commercial equipment	328			685			647			168			34
Total Charge-offs	2,358			2,375			1,217			482			1,169
Recoveries:
Commercial real estate	17			15			10			63			58

Residential rentals	—			46			—			—			—
Construction and land dev.	—			—			—			—			1
Home equity and second mortgages	9			6			18			1			5
Commercial loans	20			40			189			1			18
Consumer loans	—			2			—			—			—
Commercial equipment	94			102			56			62			48
Total Recoveries	140			211			273			127			130
Net Charge-offs	2,218			2,164			944			355			1,039
Provision for Loan Losses	10,700			2,130			1,405			1,010			2,359
Balance at end of period	$	19,424		$	10,942		$	10,976		$	10,515		$	9,860

Allowance for loan losses to total portfolio loans (1)	1.29		%	0.75		%	0.81		%	0.91		%	0.91		%
Net charge-offs to average portfolio loans	0.15		%	0.16		%	0.07		%	0.03		%	0.11		%

(1) Portfolio loans include all loan portfolios except the U.S. SBA PPP loan portfolio.

Liabilities

Deposits and Borrowings - Funding

The Bank uses both retail deposits and wholesale funding. Wholesale funding includes short-term borrowings, long-term borrowings and brokered deposits. Retail deposits continue to be the most significant source of funds totaling $1,737.6 million or 98.0% of funding at December 31, 2020 compared to $1,510.8 million or 97.0% of funding at December 31, 2019. Wholesale funding, which consisted of FHLB advances and brokered deposits, was $35.3 million or 2.0% of funding at December 31, 2020 compared to $46.4 million or 3.0% of funding at December 31, 2019.

In addition to funding for operations, the Company had junior subordinated debentures of $12.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019. On February 15, 2020, the Company redeemed the Company’s outstanding $23.0 million of 6.25% fixed-to-floating rate subordinated notes. On October 14, 2020, the Company issued $20.0 million of 4.75% fixed to floating subordinated notes.

The following is a breakdown of the Company’s deposit portfolio at December 31, 2020 and 2019:


	December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	362,079	$	241,174
Interest-bearing:
Demand	590,159		523,802
Money market deposits	340,725		283,438
Savings	98,783		69,254
Certificates of deposit	353,856		394,169
Total interest-bearing	1,383,523		1,270,663

Total Deposits	$	1,745,602	$	1,511,837

Transaction accounts	$	1,391,746	$	1,117,668

Total deposits increased 15.5% or $233.8 million at December 31, 2020, compared to December 31, 2019. During the same period, noninterest bearing demand deposits increased 50.13% or $120.9 million (20.74% of total deposits). Transaction deposit accounts increased from 73.93% of deposits at December 31, 2019 to 79.73% of deposits at December 31, 2020. Customer deposit balances increased in 2020 due to new customer acquisitions as well as lower levels of consumer and business spending related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Bank has added new customers and lower cost transaction deposits in every year in each of the last five years. Competitors, merger and acquisition activity in our market, the Bank's participation in the SBA US PPP program and focused efforts of our business development teams all contributed to deposit increases in 2020.

For FDIC call reporting purposes reciprocal deposits are classified as brokered deposits when they exceed 20% of a bank’s liabilities or $5.0 billion. Reciprocal deposits increased $4.9 million to $354.9 million at December 31, 2020 compared to $350.0 million at December 31, 2019. Reciprocal deposits as a percentage of the Bank’s liabilities at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were 19.6% and 22.0%, respectively. No reciprocal deposits were considered brokered at December 31, 2020 and $31.4 million of reciprocal deposits were considered brokered deposits for call reporting purposes as of December 31, 2019.

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the average balances outstanding and average interest rates for each major category of deposits.


	For the Years Ended December 31,
	2020				2019
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance		Average Rate		Average Balance		Average Rate
Savings	$	84,463	0.10	%	$	70,130	0.10	%
Interest-bearing demand and money market accounts	850,023		0.28	%	710,709		0.95	%
Certificates of deposit	370,743		1.41	%	448,924		1.90	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	1,305,229		0.59	%	1,229,763		1.25	%
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits	324,597				226,964
	$	1,629,826	0.47	%	$	1,456,727	1.06	%

The following table indicates the amount of the Bank’s certificates of deposit and other time deposits of $100,000 or more and $250,000 or more by time remaining until maturity as of December 31, 2020.


(dollars in thousands)	At December 31, 2020
Time Deposit Maturity Period	$100,000 or More		$250,000 or More
Three months or less	$	47,539	$	13,074
Three through six months	32,096		10,646
Six through twelve months	83,085		28,559
Over twelve months	48,811		17,770
Total	$	211,531	$	70,049

Note 7 includes the scheduled contractual maturities of total certificates of deposits of $353.9 million at December 31, 2020.

The following table sets forth information about short-term borrowings for the years indicated. Long-term debt of $27.3 million, junior subordinated debentures of $12.0 million and subordinated notes of $19.5 million are not included in the table. For more information on borrowings, see Notes 8, 9 and 10 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.


(dollars in thousands)	At or for the Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019
Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings outstanding at end of period	$	—		$	5,000
Weighted average rate on short-term borrowings	—		%	1.81		%
Maximum outstanding short-term borrowings at any month end	$	27,000		$	59,500
Average outstanding short-term borrowings	$	8,156		$	30,965
Approximate average rate paid on short-term borrowings	1.36		%	2.50		%

Stockholders’ Equity

The following table shows the Company’s equity and the dollar and percentage changes for the periods presented.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019		$ Change		% Change
Common Stock at par of $0.01	$	59	$	59	$	—	—	%
Additional paid in capital	95,965		95,474		491		0.5	%
Retained earnings	97,944		85,059		12,885		15.1	%
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,504		1,504		3,000		199.5	%
Unearned ESOP shares	(459)		(602)		143		(23.8)	%
Total Stockholders' Equity	$	198,013	$	181,494	$	16,519	9.1	%

Total stockholders’ equity increased $16.5 million, or 9.1%, to $198.0 million at December 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019. This increase primarily resulted from net income of $16.1 million, an increase in accumulated other comprehensive income of $3.0 million and net stock related activities in connection with stock-based compensation and ESOP activity of $0.5 million. These increases to stockholders’ equity were partially offset by common dividends paid of $2.8 million, and repurchases of common stock of $0.3 million

At December 31, 2020, the Company had a book value of $33.54 per common share compared to $30.76 at December 31, 2019. The Company’s tangible book value was $31.45 at December 31, 2020 compared to $28.57 at December 31, 2019. The Company remains well capitalized at December 31, 2020 with a Tier 1 capital to average assets (leverage ratio) of 9.56% compared to 10.08% at December 31, 2019. The Company’s ratio of tangible common equity to tangible assets decreased to 9.22% at December 31, 2020 from 9.44% at December 31, 2019. The Company’s Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) ratio was 11.47% at December 31, 2020 compared to 11.11% at December 31, 2019.

In April 2020, banking regulators issued an interim final rule that excluded U.S. SBA PPP loans pledged under the PPPLF from the calculation of the leverage ratio. At December 31, 2020, the Bank had no advances under the PPPLF program. In addition, the interim final rule excluded U.S. SBA PPP loans from the calculation of risk-based capital ratios by assigning a zero percent risk weight.

The ESOP has promissory notes with the Company for the purchase of TCFC common stock for the benefit of the participants in the Plan. Loan terms are at prime rate plus one-percentage point and amortize over seven years. As principal is repaid, common shares are allocated to participants based on the participant account allocation rules described in the Plan. The Bank is a guarantor of the ESOP debt with the Company. Unencumbered shares held by the ESOP are treated as outstanding in computing earnings per share. Shares issued to the ESOP but pledged as collateral for loans obtained to provide funds to acquire the shares are not treated as outstanding in computing earnings per share.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, $0.1 million or 4,150 Employee Stock Ownership Plan ("ESOP") shares were allocated with the payment of promissory notes and there were no offsetting ESOP purchases of shares. During the year ended December 31, 2019, $0.2 million or 4,815 ESOP shares were allocated with the payment of promissory notes. This was offset by the purchase of 3,271 shares of the Company’s common shares for $39,000 by the ESOP during 2019.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Capital Resources

The Company has no business other than holding the stock of the Bank and does not currently have any material funding requirements, except for the payment of dividends on common stock, and the payment of interest on subordinated debentures and subordinated notes, and noninterest expense.

The Company evaluates capital resources by the ability to maintain adequate regulatory capital ratios. The Company and the Bank annually update a three-year strategic capital plan. In developing its plan, the Company considers the impact to capital of asset growth, income accretion, dividends, holding company liquidity, investment in markets and people and stress testing.

Federal banking regulations require the Company and the Bank to maintain specified levels of capital. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company and Bank were well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action under the Basel III Capital Rules. Management believes, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject. See Note 11 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On March 31, 2015, the Bank made the election to continue to exclude most accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") from capital in connection with its quarterly financial filings and, in effect, to retain the AOCI treatment under the capital rules prior to Basel III.

Liquidity

Liquidity is our ability to meet cash demands as they arise. Cash needs may come from loan demand, deposit withdrawals or acquisition opportunities. Potential obligations resulting from the issuance of standby letters of credit and commitments to fund future borrowings to our loan customers are other factors affecting our liquidity needs. Many of these obligations and commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon; therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements affecting our liquidity position.

Based on management’s going concern evaluation, we believe that there are no conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s or the Bank’s ability to continue as a going concern, within one year of the date of the issuance of the financial statements.

The Company’s principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand and dividends received from the Bank. The Bank’s most liquid assets are cash, cash equivalents and federal funds sold. The levels of such assets are dependent on the Bank’s operating, financing and investment activities at any given time. The variations in levels of cash and cash equivalents are influenced by deposit flows and anticipated future deposit flows. Customer deposits are considered the primary source of funds supporting the Bank’s lending and investment activities.

Liquidity is provided by access to funding sources, which include core depositors and brokered deposits. Other sources of funds include our ability to borrow, such as purchasing federal funds from correspondent banks, sales of securities under agreements to repurchase and advances from the FHLB of Atlanta. The Bank uses wholesale funding (brokered deposits and other sources of funds) to supplement funding when loan growth exceeds core deposit growth and for asset-liability management purposes.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Bank had $66.5 million and $96.6 million, respectively, in loan commitments outstanding, $20.0 million and $22.3 million, respectively, in letters of credit and approximately $225.5 million and $230.5 million, respectively, available under lines of credit. Certificates of deposit due within one year of December 31, 2020 and 2019 totaled $266.1 million or 75.21% and $309.0 million, or 78.40%, respectively, of total certificates of deposit outstanding. If maturing deposits do not remain, the Bank will be required to seek other sources of funds, or use on balance sheet cash and investments. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or other borrowings than we currently pay on the certificates of deposits. We believe, however, based on past experience that a significant portion of our certificates of deposit will remain with us. We have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.

Management has increased oversight and review of customer line of credit usage. If we were to experience increases in draws on customer lines of credit or decreased deposit levels in future periods as a result of the distressed economic conditions in our market areas relating to the COVID-19 pandemic, our level of borrowed funds could increase.

During 2020, the Bank used the PPPLF to fund SBA PPP loans. Federal Reserve PPPLF advances are non-recourse and receive 100% value for the pledged PPP loan collateral. The SBA PPP loans that are pledged to the PPPLF are excluded from the leverage ratio according to regulatory policy. The Bank used excess liquidity in the fourth quarter of 2020 to pay off $85.9 million of PPPLF balances. The Bank has access to this facility in 2021 for any new SBA PPP loans funded.

At December 31, 2020, the Company had on-balance sheet liquidity of $77.1 million in cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2020, the Company had loans and securities pledged or in safekeeping at FHLB which provided for funding availability of $364.3 million at December 31, 2020.

Advances from the FHLB are secured by the Bank’s stock in the FHLB, a portion of the Bank’s loan portfolio and certain investments. Generally, the Bank’s ability to borrow from the FHLB of Atlanta is limited by its available collateral and also by an overall limitation of 30% of assets. FHLB long-term debt consists of adjustable-rate advances with rates based upon LIBOR, fixed-rate advances, and convertible advances. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, 100% of the Bank’s long-term debt was fixed for rate and term, as the conversion optionality of the advances have either been exercised or expired. In addition, the Bank has established unsecured and secured lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank and commercial banks. For a discussion of these agreements including collateral see Note 8 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity has improved in the last three years with the increase in transaction deposits and decrease in wholesale funding. The Company’s net loan to deposit ratio was 91.3% at December 31, 2020 compared to 95.6% at December 31, 2019. For the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the average loan to deposit ratios were 94.9% and 94.2%, respectively. The Company intends to use available on-balance sheet liquidity to fund loans, increase investments and limit the use of wholesale funding.

The Bank’s principal sources of funds for investment and operations are net income, deposits, sales of loans, borrowings, principal and interest payments on loans, principal and interest received on investment securities and proceeds from the maturity and sale of investment securities. The Bank’s principal funding commitments are for the origination or purchase of loans, the purchase of securities and the payment of maturing deposits.

The Bank is subject to various regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends.

Comparison for the Years Ending December 31, 2020 and 2019

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2020 totaled $77.1 million, an increase of $44.6 million from the December 31, 2019 total of $32.5 million. Changes to the level of cash and cash equivalents have minimal impact on operational needs as the Bank has substantial sources of funds available from other sources.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, all financing activities provided $209.2 million in cash compared to $80.2 million in cash provided for the same period in 2019. The Company was provided $129.0 million more cash from financing activities compared to the prior year, primarily due to increased deposit growth partially offset by the increased in net borrowings. Net deposits increased $233.8 million in 2020 compared to $82.2 million in 2019. Long-term debt decreased a net of $13.1 million from $40.4 million at December 31, 2019 to $27.3 million at December 31, 2020. The Company used $33.0 million more cash in 2020 compared to 2019 for net long-term debt activity. Short-term borrowings decreased from $5.0 million at December 31, 2019 and were fully repaid by December 31, 2020. Short-term borrowings activity used $25.0 million less cash in 2020 compared to 2019. The Company provided $11.0 million less in cash for stock related activities in 2020 compared to 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $10.6 million private placement in December 2019, an increase in common stock repurchased, and an increase in common dividends paid in 2020 was partially offset by an increase in unearned ESOP shares. The Company used $3.5 million more cash in 2020 compared to 2019 for activity related to subordinated notes. The Company used cash dividends from the Bank and proceeds from the private placement to redeem the $23.0 million 6.25% subordinated notes which was partially offset by the issuance of $20.0 million of 4.75% Subordinated Notes due 2030 net of debt issuance costs.

The Bank’s principal use of cash has been in investing activities including its investments in loans, investment securities and other assets. In 2020, the level of net cash used in investing increased to $192.7 million from $96.5 million in 2019. The increase in cash used of $96.3 million was primarily the result of the net increase in cash used of $51.4 million from loan activities and net increase of $45.4 million in securities transactions partially offset by a decrease in cash used of $0.6 million for the purchase of premises and equipment. Cash used increased for the funding of loans originated, which increased $130.5 million from $485.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $615.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. Cash used decreased as principal received on loans in 2020 increased over the prior year comparable period. Principal collected on loans increased $79.0 million from $373.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $452.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.The Company’s cash used increased $45.4 million due to net purchases of securities of $32.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $13.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Operating activities provided cash of $28.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to $15.7 million of cash provided for the same period of 2019.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

In the normal course of operations, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry, are not recorded in our financial statements. These transactions involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate and liquidity risk. Such transactions are used primarily to manage customers’ requests for funding and take the form of loan commitments, letters of credit and lines of credit. For a discussion of these agreements, including collateral and other arrangements, see Note 18 in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not engage in any off-balance sheet transactions reasonably likely to have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

IMPACT OF INFLATION AND CHANGING PRICES

The Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto presented herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and general practices within the banking industry, which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, nearly all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a greater impact on the Company's performance than do the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

Interest rate risk is defined as the exposure to changes in net interest income and capital that arises from movements in interest rates. Depending on the composition of the balance sheet, increasing or decreasing interest rates can negatively affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

The Company measures interest rate risk over the short and long term. The Company measures interest rate risk as the change in net interest income (“NII”) caused by a change in interest rates over twelve and twenty-four months. The Company’s NII simulations provide information about short-term interest rate risk exposure. The Company also measures interest rate risk by measuring changes in the values of assets and liabilities due to changes in interest rates. The economic value of equity (“EVE”) is defined as the present value of future cash flows from existing assets, minus the present value of future cash flows from existing liabilities. EVE simulations reflect the interest rate sensitivity of assets and liabilities over a longer time period, considering the maturities, average life and duration of all balance sheet accounts.

The Board of Directors has approved the Company's interest rate risk policy and assigned oversight to the Board Risk Oversight Committee (“BROC”). The policy establishes limits on risk, which are quantitative measures of the percentage change in NII and EVE resulting from changes in interest rates. Both NII and EVE simulations assist in identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling interest rate risk and along with mitigating strategies are used by management to maintain interest rate risk exposure within Board policy guidelines.

The Company’s interest rate risk (“IRR”) model uses assumptions which include factors such as call features, prepayment options and interest rate caps and floors included in investment and loan portfolio contracts. The IRR model estimates the lives and interest rate sensitivity of the Company’s non-maturity deposits. These assumptions have a significant effect on model results. The assumptions are developed primarily based upon historical behavior of Bank customers. The Company also considers industry and regional data in developing IRR model assumptions. There are inherent limitations in the Company’s IRR model and underlying assumptions. When interest rates change, actual movements of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, loan prepayments, and withdrawals of time and other deposits, may deviate significantly from assumptions used in the model.

The Company prepares a current base case and several alternative simulations at least quarterly. Current interest rates are shocked by +/- 100, 200, 300, and 400 basis points (“bp”). In addition, the Company simulates additional rate curve scenarios (e.g., bear flattener). The Company may elect not to use particular scenarios that it determines are impractical in a current rate environment.

The Company’s internal limits for parallel shock scenarios are as follows:


Shock in Basis Points	Net Interest Income (“NII”)	Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”)
+ - 400	25%	40%
+ - 300	20%	30%
+ - 200	15%	20%
+ - 100	10%	10%

It is management’s goal to manage the Bank's portfolios so that net interest income at risk over twelve and twenty-four-month periods and the economic value of equity at risk do not exceed policy guidelines at the various interest rate shock levels. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Company did not exceed any Board approved sensitivity limits for percentage change in net interest income. As of December 31, 2020, the percentage change in economic value of equity exceeded policy guidelines due to already low level of rates on non-maturing deposit instruments. Management has determined that due to the level of market rates at December 31, 2020, interest rate shocks of -100, -200, -300, and -400 basis points leave the Bank with near zero down to negative rate instruments and are not considered practical or informative. Measures of net interest income at risk produced by simulation analysis are indicators of an institution’s short-term performance in alternative rate environments. The below schedule estimates the changes in net interest income over a twelve-month period for parallel rate shocks for up 200, 100 and down 100 scenarios:


Estimated Changes in Net Interest Income ("NII")
Change in Interest Rates:	+ 200bp		+ 100bp		- 100bp
Policy Limit	(15.00)	%	(10.00)	%	(10.00)	%

December 31, 2020	(1.28)	%	(0.23)	%	(1.17)	%
December 31, 2019	(8.06)	%	(3.21)	%	(2.50)	%

Measures of equity value at risk indicate the ongoing economic value of the Company by considering the effects of changes in interest rates on all of the Company’s cash flows, and by discounting the cash flows to estimate the present value of assets and liabilities. The below schedule estimates the changes in the economic value of equity at parallel shocks for up 200, 100 and down 100 scenarios:


Estimated Changes in Economic Value of Equity ("EVE")
Change in Interest Rates:	+ 200bp		+ 100bp		- 100bp
Policy Limit	(20.00)	%	(10.00)	%	(10.00)	%

December 31, 2020	52.00	%	32.00	%	(47.00)	%
December 31, 2019	(2.44)	%	0.90	%	21.92	%

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

The management of The Community Financial Corporation (the "Company") is responsible for the preparation, integrity and fair presentation of the financial statements included in this Annual Report. The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and reflect management's judgments and estimates concerning the effects of events and transactions that are accounted for or disclosed.

Management is also responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that pertain to the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report reliable financial data. The internal control system contains monitoring mechanisms, and appropriate actions taken to correct identified deficiencies. Management believes that internal controls over financial reporting, which are subject to scrutiny by management and the Company's internal auditors, support the integrity and reliability of the financial statements. Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of any internal control system, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of internal controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. In addition, because of changes in conditions and circumstances, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors (the "Committee"), is comprised entirely of outside directors who are independent of management. The Committee is responsible for the appointment and compensation of the independent auditors and makes decisions regarding the appointment or removal of members of the internal audit function. The Committee meets periodically with management, the independent auditors, and the internal auditors to ensure that they are carrying out their responsibilities. The Committee is also responsible for performing an oversight role by reviewing and monitoring the financial, accounting, and auditing procedures of the Company in addition to reviewing the Company's financial reports. The independent auditors and the internal auditors have full and unlimited access to the Audit Committee, with or without the presence of management, to discuss the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, and any other matters which they believe should be brought to the attention of the Audit Committee.

Management assessed the Company's system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. This assessment was conducted based on the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations ("COSO") of the Treadway Commission "Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)." Based on this assessment, management believes that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020. Management's assessment concluded that there were no material weaknesses within the Company's internal control structure. There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

The 2020 financial statements have been audited by the independent registered public accounting firm of Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP (“DHG”). Personnel from DHG were given unrestricted access to all financial records and related data, including minutes of all meetings of the Board of Directors and committees thereof. Management believes that all representations made to all the independent auditors were valid and appropriate. The resulting report from DHG accompanies the financial statements. DHG did not issue nor were they required to issue a report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.


/s/ William J. Pasenelli						/s/ Todd L. Capitani
William J. Pasenelli						Todd L. Capitani
President and Chief Executive Officer						Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
March 4, 2021						March 4, 2021

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Stockholders and Board of Directors

The Community Financial Corporation

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Community Financial Corporation (the "Company") as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement whether due to error or fraud.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Allowance for Loan Losses (ALL)

Management describes their accounting policies and provides additional disclosure regarding the ALL in Notes 1 and 3 to the consolidated financial statements. As described in Note 3, the ALL totaled $19.4 million as of December 31, 2020. The ALL consists of a general and specific component. The general component is based upon historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative risk factors. The specific allowance relates to estimated losses on individually evaluated impaired loans. Management determines the qualitative factor allowance based on evaluation of various internal and external environmental conditions, including charge-offs, delinquencies, classified loans, loan concentrations and the rate of portfolio segment growth as well as an assessment of the current regulatory environment, the quality of credit administration and loan portfolio management and national and local economic trends.

Estimating an appropriate allowance for loss losses requires management to make certain assumptions about losses that have been incurred but not yet realized in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Significant judgments in estimating the allowance for loan losses include the determination of the impact of qualitative factors and the identification and valuation of impaired loans.

We identified the allowance for loan losses as a critical audit matter. The principal considerations for our determination include management’s judgement applied in determining the impact of qualitative factors and the identification and valuation of impaired loans. Auditing these judgments required a high degree of subjectivity in evaluating the reasonableness of management’s judgments and a significant level of audit effort.

The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

•We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls relating to the Company’s allowance for loan losses, including, management’s determination of internal and external qualitative factors and their weightings used in the allowance calculation, the identification of impaired loans, the review of impaired loan valuations, and the review and approval of the allowance reserves based upon trends and comparison of supporting information.

•We tested management’s determination of qualitative factors by comparing information utilized by management to internal or external evidence as appropriate. We assessed the appropriateness, completeness and accuracy of data utilized by management in developing the assumptions underlying the qualitative factors including the consideration of potentially new or contradictory information. We evaluated the consistency and reasonableness of changes to management’s weightings applied to each of the qualitative factors.

•We tested the accuracy of the application of qualitative factors by loan classification.

•We tested the completeness of the impaired loans by comparing the list to internal loan data including past due, non-accrual and classified asset listings.

•We verified data used in management’s impairment calculations to underlying support. We evaluated the reasonableness of assumptions used in appraisals and management’s discounts applied in valuing impaired loans.

•We performed analytical procedures on the overall level of the ALL and various components of the allowance, including the historical reserve, qualitative reserves and specific reserves, to evaluate whether they were directionally consistent relative to credit quality indicators and changes in the Company’s loan portfolio.

Goodwill Impairment Evaluation

As described in Notes 1 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was $10.8 million at December 31, 2020. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually, or more frequently whenever events or circumstances occur that indicate that it is more-likely-than-not that an impairment loss has occurred. The company had an independent consultant perform a quantitative assessment of goodwill for the Company’s single reporting unit during the third quarter due to a triggering event that required an interim impairment test for goodwill. The impairment analysis used both a market and income approach.

The calculation of the goodwill impairment involves significant estimates and subjective assumptions which require a high degree of management judgment. This judgment includes, but is not limited to, projected profitability ratios, the selection of appropriate discount rates, cash flow projections, control premium and selection of peer groups.

We identified the goodwill impairment assessment of the Company as a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for this determination was the degree of auditor judgment in performing procedures over the key assumptions, specifically the selection of the control premium and of an appropriate peer group.

The primary audit procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

•Testing key financial data used in the valuation to supporting evidence.

•Evaluating, with the assistance of our internal valuation specialists, appropriateness of valuation methodologies, the selection of a control premium and of a peer group, and the overall reasonableness of the estimated fair value of the reporting unit.


/s/ Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2016.

Tysons, Virginia

March 4, 2021

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	56,887	$	25,065

Interest-bearing deposits with banks	20,178		7,404
Securities available for sale ("AFS"), at fair value	246,105		208,187

Equity securities carried at fair value through income	4,855		4,669
Non-marketable equity securities held in other financial institutions	207		209
Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") stock - at cost	2,777		3,447
Net U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") Loans	107,960		—
Portfolio loans receivable net of allowance for loan losses of $19,424 and $10,942	1,486,115		1,445,109
Net loans	1,594,075		1,445,109
Goodwill	10,835		10,835
Premises and equipment, net	20,271		21,662
Premises and equipment held for sale	430		430
Other real estate owned ("OREO")	3,109		7,773
Accrued interest receivable	8,717		5,019
Investment in bank owned life insurance	38,061		37,180
Core deposit intangible	1,527		2,118
Net deferred tax assets	7,909		6,168
Right of use assets - operating leases	7,831		8,382
Other assets	2,665		3,879
Total Assets	$	2,026,439	$	1,797,536
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Deposits
Non-interest-bearing deposits	$	362,079	$	241,174
Interest-bearing deposits	1,383,523		1,270,663
Total deposits	1,745,602		1,511,837
Short-term borrowings	—		5,000
Long-term debt	27,302		40,370

Guaranteed preferred beneficial interest in junior subordinated debentures ("TRUPs")	12,000		12,000
Subordinated notes - 4.75% and 6.25%, respectively, net of debt issuance costs	19,526		23,000
Lease liabilities - operating leases	8,088		8,495
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	15,908		15,340
Total Liabilities	1,828,426		1,616,042
Stockholders' Equity
Common stock - par value $0.01; authorized - 15,000,000 shares; issued 5,903,613 and 5,900,249 shares, respectively	59		59
Additional paid in capital	95,965		95,474
Retained earnings	97,944		85,059
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,504		1,504
Unearned ESOP shares	(459)		(602)
Total Stockholders' Equity	198,013		181,494
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	2,026,439	$	1,797,536

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME


(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Interest and Dividend Income
Loans, including fees	$	65,731	$	65,602
Interest and dividends on investment securities	5,170		6,414
Interest on deposits with banks	172		437
Total Interest and Dividend Income	71,073		72,453
Interest Expense
Deposits	7,681		15,378
Short-term borrowings	111		774
Long-term debt	2,364		2,767
Total Interest Expense	10,156		18,919
Net Interest Income	60,917		53,534
Provision for loan losses	10,700		2,130
Net Interest Income After Provision For Loan Losses	50,217		51,404
Noninterest Income
Loan appraisal, credit, and miscellaneous charges	174		335
Gain on sale of assets	6		—
Net gains on sale of investment securities	1,384		226
Unrealized gain on equity securities	101		134
Loss on premises and equipment held for sale	—		(1)
Income from bank owned life insurance	881		885
Service charges	3,490		3,308
Referral fee income	2,380		879

Total Noninterest Income	8,416		5,766
Noninterest Expense
Compensation and benefits	19,553		20,445
Occupancy expense	3,010		3,101
Advertising	525		762
Data processing expense	3,671		3,048
Professional fees	2,413		2,196

Depreciation of premises and equipment	605		685
Telephone communications	188		203
Office supplies	120		149
FDIC Insurance	939		334
OREO valuation allowance and expenses	3,200		963
Core deposit intangible amortization	591		688
Other	3,188		3,659
Total Noninterest Expense	38,003		36,233
Income before income taxes	20,630		20,937
Income tax expense	4,494		5,665
Net Income	$	16,136	$	15,272

Earnings Per Common Share
Basic	$	2.74	$	2.75
Diluted	$	2.74	$	2.75
Cash dividends paid per common share	$	0.50	$	0.50

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Net Income	$	16,136	$	15,272
Net unrealized holding gains arising during period, net of tax expense of $657 and $987, respectively	1,977		2,600
Reclassification due to reclassification of held-to-maturity securities to available-for-sale securities net of tax $0 and $223, respectively	—		587
Reclassification adjustment for income included in net income, net of tax expense of $361 and $62, respectively	1,023		164
Comprehensive Income	$	19,136	$	18,623

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019


(dollars in thousands)	Common Stock		Additional Paid in Capital		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Unearned ESOP Shares		Total













Balance at January 1, 2019	$	56	$	84,397	$	72,594	$	(1,847)	$	(718)	$	154,482
Net Income	—		—		15,272		—		—		15,272
Unrealized holding gain on investment securities net of tax of $1,049	—		—		—		2,764		—		2,764
Reclassification due to reclassification of held-to-maturity securities to available-for-sale securities net of tax $223	—		—		—		587		—		587
Cash dividend at $0.50 per common share	—		—		(2,668)		—		—		(2,668)
Net change in fair market value below cost of leveraged ESOP shares released	—		(3)		—		—		—		(3)
Dividend reinvestment	—		122		(122)		—		—		—
Proceeds from private placement	3		10,629		—		—		—		10,632
Net change in unearned ESOP shares	—		—		—		—		116		116
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		(17)		—		—		(17)
Stock based compensation	—		329		—		—		—		329
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	59	$	95,474	$	85,059	$	1,504	$	(602)	$	181,494
Net Income	—		—		16,136		—		—		16,136
Unrealized holding gains on investment securities net of tax of $1,018	—		—		—		3,000		—		3,000

Cash dividend at $0.50 per common share	—		—		(2,819)		—		—		(2,819)
Net change in fair market value below cost of leveraged ESOP shares released	—		(39)		—		—		—		(39)
Dividend reinvestment	—		134		(134)		—		—		—

Net change in unearned ESOP shares	—		—		—		—		143		143
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		(298)		—		—		(298)
Stock based compensation	—		396		—		—		—		396
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	59	$	95,965	$	97,944	$	4,504	$	(459)	$	198,013

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


(dollars in thousands)	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	16,136	$	15,272
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Provision for loan losses	10,700		2,130
Depreciation and amortization	1,631		1,637
Provision for loss on premises held for sale	—		1



Net losses (gains) on the sale of OREO	9		(188)
Gains on sales of investment securities	(1,384)		(226)
Unrealized gain on equity securities	(101)		(134)
Gain on sale of assets	(6)		—
Net amortization of premium/discount on investment securities	163		(96)
Net accretion of premiums and discounts	(605)		(864)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	10		—
Amortization of core deposit intangible	591		688
Amortization of right of use asset	551		—
Net change in right of use assets and lease liabilities	(407)		113
Increase in OREO valuation allowance	3,022		901
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	(881)		(885)
Increase in deferred income tax benefit	(2,757)		(748)
Increase in accrued interest receivable	(3,698)		(62)
Stock based compensation	396		329
Net change due to deficit of fair market value below cost of leveraged ESOP shares released	(39)		(3)
Decrease (increase) in net deferred loan costs	2,975		(696)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities	568		660
Decrease (increase) in other assets	1,209		(2,139)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	28,083		15,690

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Purchase of AFS investment securities	(149,426)		(49,951)
Proceeds from redemption or principal payments of AFS investment securities	40,952		18,387
Purchase of HTM investment securities	—		(11,471)
Proceeds from maturities or principal payments of HTM investment securities	—		24,043

Proceeds from sale of AFS investment securities	75,711		31,889
Net decrease of FHLB and FRB stock	670		374
Loans originated or acquired	(615,473)		(485,002)
Principal collected on loans	452,202		373,165
Purchase of premises and equipment	(255)		(808)
Proceeds from sale of OREO	2,872		2,912

Proceeds from disposal of asset	21		—
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities	(192,726)		(96,462)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(continued)


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in deposits	$	233,765	$	82,208
Proceeds from long-term debt	164,036		35,000
Payments of long-term debt	(177,104)		(15,066)
Net decrease in short term borrowings	(5,000)		(30,000)

Proceeds from private placement	—		10,632
Proceeds from Subordinated Notes - 4.75%	19,516		—
Payments of Subordinated Notes - 6.25%	(23,000)		—
Dividends paid	(2,819)		(2,668)
Net change in unearned ESOP shares	143		116
Repurchase of common stock	(298)		(17)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities	209,239		80,205
Increase (decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	44,596	$	(567)

Cash and Cash Equivalents - January 1	32,469		33,036
Cash and Cash Equivalents - December 31	$	77,065	$	32,469

Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for
Interest	$	9,072	$	18,914
Income taxes	$	7,133	$	6,503

Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Operating Activities
Issuance of common stock for payment of compensation	$	303	$	207
Transfer from loans to OREO	$	1,240	$	3,567
Financed amount of sale of OREO	$	—	$	280
Right-of-use assets acquired in the exchange for lease liability upon adoption of ASC 842	$	—	$	8,933
Transfer from premises and equipment to premises and equipment held for sale	$	—	$	430

Supplemental Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities

Transfer of held-to-maturity securities to available for sale securities	$	—	$	83,128

See notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of The Community Financial Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiary Community Bank of the Chesapeake (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiary Community Mortgage Corporation of Tri-County (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and to general practices within the banking industry.

Accounting Changes and Reclassifications

Certain items in prior financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Nature of Operations

The Company provides a variety of financial services to individuals and businesses through its offices in Southern Maryland and Fredericksburg, Virginia. Its primary deposit products are demand, savings and time deposits, and its primary lending products are commercial and residential mortgage loans, commercial loans, construction and land development loans, home equity and second mortgages and commercial equipment loans.

The Bank is headquartered in Southern Maryland with 12 branches located in Maryland and Virginia. The Bank is a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Community Financial Corporation (the “Company”). The Bank’s branches are located in Waldorf (two branches), Bryans Road, Dunkirk, Leonardtown, La Plata (two branches), Charlotte Hall, Prince Frederick, Lusby, California, Maryland; and Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Bank has two operation centers located at the main office in Waldorf, Maryland and in Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Company maintains four loan production offices (“LPOs”) in La Plata, Prince Frederick and Leonardtown, Maryland; and Fredericksburg, Virginia. The Leonardtown LPO is co-located with the branch and the Fredericksburg LPO is co-located with the operation center.

Use of Estimates

In preparing Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, the valuation of OREO, the valuation of goodwill and deferred tax assets.

COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") as a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted many of the Company's customers and impaired their abilities to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. In response to the likely effects on the economy from the pandemic, the Federal Open Market Committee reduced the federal funds rate from a target range of 1.50% to 1.75% to a target range of 0% to 0.25%. These reductions in interest rates along with other effects of the COVID-19 outbreak may adversely affect the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

Significant Group Concentrations of Credit Risk

Most of the Company’s activities are with customers located in the Fredericksburg area of Virginia and the Southern Maryland counties of Calvert, Charles and St. Mary’s. Notes 2 and 3 discuss the types of securities and loans held by the Company. The Company does not have significant concentration in any one customer or industry.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the consolidated statements of cash flows, the Company considers all highly-liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Securities

Debt securities that management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity (“HTM”) and recorded at amortized cost. At December 31, 2020 the Company had no HTM securities. See Note 2 Securities for additional information. Securities purchased and held principally for trading in the near term are classified as “trading securities” and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. The Company held no trading securities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019. Securities not classified as HTM or trading securities are classified as available for sale (“AFS”) and recorded at estimated fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income. Equity securities with readily-determinable fair values are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income.

Debt securities are evaluated quarterly to determine whether a decline in their value is other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). The term other-than-temporary is not necessarily intended to indicate a permanent decline in value. It means that the prospects for near term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is a lack of evidence to support fair values equal to, or greater than, the carrying value of the investment. Under accounting guidance, for recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments the amount of other-than-temporary impairment that is recognized through earnings for debt securities is determined by comparing the present value of the expected cash flows to the amortized cost of the security. The discount rate used to determine the credit loss is the expected book yield on the security. The Company does not evaluate declines in the value of securities of Government Sponsored Enterprises (“GSEs”) or investments backed by the full faith and credit of the United States government (e.g. US Treasury Bills), for other-than-temporary impairment.

Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method over the terms of the securities. Declines in the estimated fair value of HTM and AFS securities below their cost that are deemed to be OTTI are reflected in earnings as realized losses. In estimating OTTI losses, management considers: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost; (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method. Investments in Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta stocks are recorded at cost and are considered restricted as to marketability. The Bank is required to maintain investments in the Federal Home Loan Bank based upon levels of borrowings.

Loans Held for Sale

The Company exited the residential mortgage origination line of business in April 2015 for individual owner-occupied residential first mortgages and established third-party sources to supply its residential whole loan portfolio. The Company continues to underwrite loans for non-owner-occupied residential rental properties. The Company may sell certain loans forward into the secondary market at a specified price with a specified date on a best efforts basis. These forward sales are derivative financial instruments. The Company does not recognize gains or losses due to interest rate changes for loans sold forward on a best efforts basis. The Bank had no loans held for sale at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and sold no 1-4 family residential mortgage loans for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Loans Receivable

The Company originates real estate mortgages, construction and land development loans, commercial loans and consumer loans. The Company purchases residential owner-occupied first mortgages from established third parties. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio comprises loans throughout Southern Maryland and the Fredericksburg area of Virginia. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.

Loans that the Company has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or payoff, are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, adjusted for the allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees or premiums. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees and premiums, net of certain direct origination costs, are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the related loan yield using the interest method.

Loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date may include statistics such as internal risk grade, past due and nonaccrual status, recent borrower credit scores and recent loan-to-value (“LTV”) percentages. Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans are initially measured at fair value, which includes estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Management estimates the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition using specific credit review of certain loans, quantitative credit risk, interest rate risk and prepayment risk models, and qualitative economic and environmental assessments, each of which incorporates our best estimates of current key relevant factors, such as property values, default rates, loss severity and prepayment speeds.

Under the accounting guidance for PCI loans, the excess of the total cash flows expected to be collected over the estimated fair value is referred to as the accretable yield and is recognized in interest income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool of loans, in situations where there is a reasonable expectation about the timing and amount of cash flows to be collected. The difference between the contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition, considering the impact of prepayments, is referred to as the nonaccretable difference and is available to absorb future charge-offs.

In addition, subsequent to acquisition, management periodically evaluates estimated cash flows expected to be collected. These evaluations require the continued usage of key assumptions and estimates, similar to the initial estimate of fair value. Estimates of cash flows for PCI loans require significant judgment given the impact of property value changes, changing loss severities, prepayment speeds and other relevant factors. Decreases in the expected cash flows will generally result in a charge to the provision for loan losses resulting in an increase to the allowance for loan losses. Significant increases in the expected cash flows will generally result in an increase in interest income over the remaining life of the loan, or pool of loans. Disposals of loans, which may include sales of loans to third parties, receipt of payments in full or part from the borrower or foreclosure of the collateral, result in removal of the loan from the PCI loan portfolio at its carrying amount.

Loans are reviewed on a regular basis and are placed on non-accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the collection of additional interest is doubtful. The accrual of interest on mortgage and commercial loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well secured and in the process of collection. Non-accrual loans include certain loans that are current with all loan payments and are placed on non-accrual status due to customer operating results and cash flows. Non-accrual loans are evaluated for impairment on a loan-by-loan basis in accordance with the Company’s impairment methodology.

Consumer loans are typically charged-off no later than 90 days past due. Mortgage and commercial loans are fully or partially charged-off when in management’s judgment all reasonable efforts to return a loan to performing status have occurred. In all cases, loans are placed on non-accrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful.

All interest accrued but not collected from loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income. The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

In 2019 the Bank entered into a Servicing and Intercreditor Agreement ("SIA") with a correspondent bank which allows us to offer interest rate protection to our customers. In most cases, the Bank is paid a referral fee for these transactions.

COVID-19 Deferrals

On March 22, 2020, federal banking regulatory agencies, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("the agencies") issued an interagency statement on loan modifications and reporting for financial institutions working with customer affected by the Coronavirus. The interagency statement impacted accounting for loan modifications. Under Accounting Standards Codification 310-40, "Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors." ("ASC 310-40"), a restructuring of debt constitutes a trouble debt restructure ("TDR") if the creditor, for economic or legal reasons related to the debtor's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the debtor that it would not otherwise consider. The agencies confirmed with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers, who were current prior to any relief, are not to be considered TDRs. This includes modification such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. Under the March 22, 2020 interagency statement loan modifications were required to be executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency or (B) December 31, 2020. The loan modification date was later extended to the earlier of (A) January 1, 2022 or (B) 60 after the date on which the national COVID-19 emergency terminates by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 that was signed into law by President Trump on December 27, 2020.

Under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security ("CARES") Act, borrowers who were making payments as required and were not considered past due prior to becoming affected by COVID-19 and then receive payment accommodations as a result of the effects of COVID-19 generally would not be reported as past due or nonaccrual for regulatory and financial reporting during the accommodation period. Consistent with regulatory guidance, if new information during the deferral period indicates that there is evidence of default, the Bank may change the classification rating (e.g., change from passing credit to substandard) and accrual status (e.g., change from accrual to non-accrual status) as deemed appropriate.

In keeping with regulatory guidance to work with borrowers as outlined in the CARES Act, the Company offered payment deferral programs for customers who were adversely affected by the pandemic. Generally, depending on the demonstrated need of the client, the Company deferred either the full loan payment or the principal component of the loan payment between 90 and 180 days. While interest and fees continue to accrue to income, should credit losses on these deferred payments emerge or if a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, accrued interest income and fees would be reversed. Given the ongoing uncertainty, regarding the length and economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis and the effects of various government stimulus programs, the estimated number and dollar impact of loan deferrals the Company could execute in the future is subject to change. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $32.0 million loan deferrals on outstanding loan balances of $35.4 million, which represented 2.35% of gross portfolio loans.

Allowance for Loan Losses and Impaired Loans

The allowance for loan losses is established as probable losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the loan is uncollectible. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Management believes it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with U.S. GAAP and is in compliance with appropriate regulatory guidelines.

Management regularly evaluates the allowance for loan losses considering historical collection experience, the composition and size of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance for loan losses consists of a general and a specific component. The general component is based upon historical loss experience and a review of qualitative risk factors by portfolio segment (See Note 3 for a description of portfolio segments). The historical loss experience factor is tracked over various time horizons for each portfolio segment. Qualitative risk factors include trends by portfolio segment in charge-offs, delinquencies, classified loans, loan concentrations and the rate of portfolio segment growth as well as an assessment of the current regulatory environment, the quality of credit administration and loan portfolio management, and national and local economic trends.

The specific component of the allowance for loan losses relates to individual impaired loans with an identified impairment loss. The Company evaluates substandard and doubtful classified loans, loans delinquent 90 days or greater, non-accrual loans and troubled debt restructured loans (“TDRs”) to determine whether a loan is impaired. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. In determining impairment, management considers payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, considering the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s payment record and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Loans not impaired are included in the pool of loans evaluated in the general component of the allowance.

If a specific loan is deemed to be impaired, it is evaluated for impairment. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis using one of three acceptable methods: the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. For loans that have an impairment, a specific allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than carrying value of that loan. The Company will use the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

TDRs are loans that have been modified to provide for a reduction or a delay in the payment of either interest or principal because of deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower. A loan extended or renewed at a stated interest rate equal to the current interest rate for new debt with similar risk is not considered a TDR. Once an obligation has been classified as a TDR it continues to be considered a TDR until paid in full or until the debt is refinanced and considered unimpaired. All TDRs are considered impaired and are evaluated for impairment on a loan-by-loan basis. The Company does not participate in any specific government or Company-sponsored loan modification programs. All restructured loan agreements are individual contracts negotiated with a borrower.

Servicing

Servicing assets are recognized as separate assets when rights are acquired or retained through the purchase or sale of financial assets and are evaluated for impairment based upon the estimated fair value of the rights as compared to amortized cost. Servicing fee income is recorded over the servicing period. Servicing assets are not a significant asset of the Bank's operations.

Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Premises, improvements and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization, computed by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which are as follows:

Buildings and Improvements: 10 to 50 years

Furniture and Equipment: three to 15 years

Automobiles: four to five years

Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while improvements that extend the useful life of premises and equipment are capitalized. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized depreciation expense of $1.6 million.

A lease is defined as a contract, or part of a contract, that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases” (Topic 842) and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842.The Company leases certain properties and land under operating leases. The Company recognizes a liability to make lease payments, the “lease liability”, and an asset representing the right to use the underlying asset during the lease term, the “right-of-use asset”. The right of use assets and lease liabilities are impacted by the length of the lease term and the rate used to discount the minimum lease payments to present value. The lease liability is measured at the present value of the remaining lease payments, discounted at the Company's incremental borrowing rate. The right-of-use asset is measured at the amount of the lease liability adjusted for the remaining balance of any lease incentives received, any cumulative prepaid or accrued rent if the lease payments are uneven throughout the lease term, any unamortized initial direct costs, and any impairment of the right-of-use-asset. Operating lease expense consists of a single lease cost calculated so that the remaining cost of the lease is allocated over the remaining lease term on a straight-line basis.

The Company's lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company's discretion. If at lease inception, the Company reasonably expects to exercise the renewal option, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the right of use asset and lease liability. Topic 842 requires the use of the rate implicit in the lease whenever this rate is readily determinable. As this rate is rarely determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at lease inception over a similar term. For operating leases existing prior to January 1, 2019, the FHLB fixed advance rate which corresponded with the remaining lease term as of January 1, 2019 was used.

The Company's leases do not contain residual value guarantees. The Company's variable lease payments are expensed and classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows. The Company does not have any material restrictions or covenants imposed by leases that would impact the Company's ability to pay dividends or cause the Company to incur additional financial obligations.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”)

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at the estimated fair value at the date of foreclosure less selling costs, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, management performs periodic valuations, and the assets are carried at the lower of the initial recorded carrying value (initial cost basis) or estimated fair value less the cost to sell. Based on updated valuations, the Bank has the ability to reverse valuation allowances recorded up to the amount of the initial cost basis. Revenues and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in noninterest expense. Gains or losses on disposition are included in noninterest expense.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when: (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company; (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Business Combinations

U.S. GAAP requires that the acquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations and that an acquirer be identified for each business combination. Under U.S. GAAP, the acquirer is the entity that obtains control of one or more businesses in the business combination, and the acquisition date is the date the acquirer achieves control. U.S. GAAP requires that the acquirer recognize the fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date. The Company determines the fair values of loans, core deposit intangible, and deposits with the assistance of a third-party vendor.

Loans acquired in business combinations are recorded in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 805, “Business Combinations.” Accordingly, acquired loans are segregated between PCI loans (ASC 310-30) and Non-PCI loans (ASC-310-20) and are recorded at fair value without the carryover of the related allowance for loan losses. For PCI loans, the excess of expected cash flows above the fair value will be accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans in accordance with FASB ASC 310-30. For Non-PCI loans, the total discount/premium will be accreted to interest income over the remaining lives of the loans in accordance with FASB ASC 310-20.

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of businesses acquired over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is assigned to reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter or on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances changed that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. See Note 4 – Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.

Other intangible assets are acquired assets that lack physical substance but can be distinguished from goodwill because of contractual or other legal rights or because the asset is capable of being sold or exchanged either on its own or in combination with a related contract, asset, or liability. The Company's other intangible assets relate to acquired core deposits. Intangible assets with definite useful lives are amortized on an accelerated basis over their estimated lives. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized until their lives are determined to be definite. Intangible assets, premises and equipment and other long-lived assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable from future undiscounted cash flows. If impaired, the assets are recorded at fair value. See Note 4 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.

Advertising Costs

The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred.

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return with its subsidiaries. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is determined based on the tax effects of the temporary differences between the book and tax bases of the various balance sheet assets and liabilities and gives current recognition to changes in tax rates and laws and when it is considered more likely than not that deferred tax assets will be realized. It is the Company’s policy to recognize accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of tax expense.

Off Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments under commercial lines of credit, letters of credit and standby letters of credit. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based incentive arrangements to attract and retain key personnel in order to promote the success of the business. In May 2015, the 2015 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2015 plan”) was approved by shareholders, which authorizes the issuance of restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, stock units and stock options to the Board of Directors and key employees.

Compensation cost for all stock-based awards is measured at fair value on the date of grant and recognized as expense over the service period, net of estimated forfeitures. The estimation of stock awards that ultimately vest requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such differences will be recorded as adjustments in the periods the estimates are revised. The Company considers many factors when estimating expected forfeitures, including types of awards, employee class and historical experience.

The Company and the Bank currently maintain incentive compensation plans which provide for payments to be made in cash or other share-based compensation. The Company has accrued the full amounts due under these plans.

Earnings Per Common Share (“EPS”)

Basic earnings per common share represent income available to common stockholders, divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unencumbered shares held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) are treated as outstanding in computing earnings per share. Shares issued to the ESOP but pledged as collateral for loans obtained to provide funds to acquire the shares are not treated as outstanding in computing earnings per share.

Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential dilutive common shares are determined using the treasury stock method and include incremental shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and other share-based compensation awards. The Company excludes from the diluted EPS calculation anti-dilutive options, because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of the common shares.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASC Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-9 and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASU 2014-9, which have been codified in ASC Topic 606. Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Company evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Adoption of the amendments to the revenue recognition principles, did not materially change our accounting policies

Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains and losses be included in net income. Certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities, are reported as components of comprehensive income as a separate statement in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Additionally, the Company discloses accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component in the equity section of the balance sheet.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

ASU 2016-13 – Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace the existing “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model. The new model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model, will apply to (1) financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost, and (2) certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes, but is not limited to, loans, leases, HTM securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees. Credit losses relating to AFS debt securities will be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. The ASU also simplifies the accounting model for Purchase Credit Impaired (“PCI”) debt securities and loans. ASU 2016-13 also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. In addition, entities will need to disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (i.e., modified retrospective approach).

The Company has formed a CECL committee with representation from various departments. The committee has selected a third-party vendor solution to assist us in the application of the ASU 2016-13. The committee continues to make progress in accordance with the Company's plan for adoption. The Company has developed new expected credit loss estimation models, depending on the nature of each identified pool of financial assets with similar risk characteristics, and is currently reviewing and analyzing the different methodologies to estimate expected credit losses. The Company is also documenting new processes and controls, challenging estimated credit loss model assumptions and outputs, refining the qualitative framework as well as drafting policies and disclosures. Additionally, parallel runs will be enhanced throughout 2021 as the processes, controls, and policies are finalized. The adoption of the ASU 2016-13 could result in an increase in the allowance for loan losses as a result of changing from an “incurred loss” model to an “expected loss” model. Furthermore, ASU 2016-13 will necessitate the establishment of an allowance for expected credit losses for certain debt securities and other financial assets.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). This update amends the effective date of ASU 2016-13 for certain entities, including smaller reporting companies until fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal periods. Early adoption is permitted. The one-time determination date for identifying as a smaller reporting company was November 15, 2019. The Company met the definition of a smaller reporting company as of that date and plans to adopt the standard with the amended effective date. The Company continues to work through implementation and continues collecting and retaining loan and credit data and evaluating various loss estimation models. Management expects to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective. While we currently cannot reasonable estimate the impact of adopting this standard, we expect the impact will be influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our loan and securities portfolios, as well as the general economic conditions and forecasts as of the adoption date.

ASU 2017-04 - Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350) - Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test which required entities to compute the implied fair value of goodwill. Under ASU 2017-04, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The Company adopted ASU 2017-04 on January 1, 2020 and it did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASU 2019-04 - In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-04 which codifies improvements to Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), Financial Instruments (Topic 825). With respect to Topic 326, ASU 2019-04 clarifies the scope of the credit losses standard and addresses issues related to accrued interest receivable balances, recoveries, variable interest rates and prepayments, among other things. With respect to Topic 825, ASU 2019-04 clarifies the scope of the guidance for recognizing and measuring financial instruments, the requirement for remeasurement under ASC 820 when using the measurement alternative, which equity securities have to be remeasured at historical exchange rates, and certain disclosure requirements. The amendments to Topic 326 have the same effective dates as ASU 2016-13. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of Topic 326 amendments on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company adopted the amendments to Topic 825 on January 1, 2020 and there was no material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASU 2019-05 - Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326). In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-05. This ASU allows entities to irrevocably elect, upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, the fair value option for financial instruments that (1) were previously recorded at amortized cost and (2) are within the scope of ASC 326-20 if the instruments are eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10. The fair value option election does not apply to HTM debt securities. Entities are required to make this election on an instrument-by-instrument basis. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2019-05 upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 unless an earlier adoption is permitted in an accounting update. The Company is evaluating the impact of electing the fair value option of ASU 2019-05 on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASU 2019-11 - Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11 to address issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU 2016-13. Among other narrow-scope improvements, ASU 2019-11 clarifies guidance around how to report expected recoveries and reinforces existing guidance that prohibits organizations from recording negative allowances for AFS debt securities. For entities that have not yet adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13, the effective dates and transition requirements for the amendments are the same as the effective dates and transition requirements in ASU 2016-13. Thus, ASU 2019-11 will be effective for us on January 1, 2023.

ASU 2020-02 - Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326) and Leases (Topic 842). In February 2020, the FASB issued guidance to add and amend SEC paragraphs in the Accounting Standards Codification to reflect the issuance of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 119 related to the new credit losses standard and comments by the SEC staff related to the revised effective date of the new leases standard. The amendments were effective upon issuance. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASU 2020-04 - Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848). In March 2020, the FASB issued guidance to provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The amendments are effective as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

NOTE 2 – SECURITIES

Amortized cost and fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2020 are summarized as follows:


	December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
AFS Securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities ("MBS")	$	33,248	$	1,735	$	30	$	34,953
Residential Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs")	125,564		2,180		297		127,447

Asset-backed securities ("ABSs") issued by Others:
Residential CMOs	292		5		9		288
Student Loan Trust ABSs	37,141		386		88		37,439


U.S. government obligations	1,500		—		—		1,500
Municipal bonds	42,268		2,210		—		44,478
Total AFS Securities	$	240,013	$	6,516	$	424	$	246,105

Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,855	$	—	$	—	$	4,855
Non-marketable equity securities
Other equity securities	$	207	$	—	$	—	$	207

Total Investment Securities	$	245,075	$	6,516	$	424	$	251,167

Amortized cost and fair values of investment securities at December 31, 2019 are summarized as follows:


	December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
AFS Securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
Residential Mortgage Backed Securities ("MBS")	$	35,351	$	754	$	13	$	36,092
Residential Collateralized Mortgage Obligations ("CMOs")	145,479		1,839		386		146,932
U.S. Agency	9,671		122		60		9,733
Asset-backed securities issued by Others:
Residential CMOs	380		3		12		371

Callable GSE Agency Bonds	2,001		1		—		2,002
Certificates of Deposit Fixed	250		—		—		250
U.S. government obligations	1,490		—		1		1,489
Municipal bonds	11,491		—		173		11,318
Total AFS Securities	$	206,113	$	2,719	$	645	$	208,187

Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,669	$	—	$	—	$	4,669
Non-marketable equity securities
Other equity securities	$	209	$	—	$	—	$	209

Total Investment Securities	$	210,991	$	2,719	$	645	$	213,065

In December 2019, Management determined that it no longer had the positive intent to hold its investment in securities classified as HTM until maturity and does not intend to hold HTM securities in the future. The Company reclassified the entire HTM investment portfolio, totaling $83.1 million with unrealized holding gains of $0.8 million to the AFS investments category. The reclassification resulted in an increase to accumulated other comprehensive income of $0.6 million and to deferred tax liabilities of $0.2 million. The Bank's primary reasons for the reclassification were to better manage interest rate risks and provide additional on-balance sheet liquidity. Based on accounting rules, the Bank will not be able to designate any securities as HTM securities for a period of time. The Company's HTM portfolio was primarily composed of asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies.

At December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019 securities with an amortized cost of $48.2 million and $47.4 million were pledged to secure certain customer deposits. At December 31, 2020, and December 31, 2019, no securities were pledged as collateral for advances from the FHLB of Atlanta.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized net gains of $1.4 million on the sale of 42 AFS securities with aggregate carrying values of $62.5 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized net gains of $0.2 million on the sale of 20 AFS securities with aggregate carrying values of $31.6 million.

The Company’s investment portfolio includes securities that are in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2020, the details of which are included in the following table. Although these securities, if sold at December 31, 2020 would result in a pretax loss of $0.4 million, the Company has no intent to sell the applicable securities at such fair values, and maintains the Company has the ability to hold these securities until all principal has been recovered. It is more likely than not that the Company will not sell any securities at a loss for liquidity purposes. Declines in the fair values of these securities can be traced to general market conditions which reflect the prospect for the economy as a whole. When determining other-than-temporary impairment on securities, the Company considers such factors as adverse conditions specifically related to a certain security or to specific conditions in an industry or geographic area, the time frame securities have been in an unrealized loss position, the Company’s ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery in value, whether or not the security has been downgraded by a rating agency, and whether or not the financial condition of the security issuer has severely deteriorated. As of December 31, 2020, the Company considers all securities with unrealized loss positions to be temporarily impaired, and consequently, does not believe it will sustain any material realized losses as a result of the current temporary decline in fair value. No charges related to other-than-temporary impairment were made during for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

AFS Securities

Gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value by length of time that the individual AFS securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:


December 31, 2020	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies	$	32,281	$	320	$	670	$	7	$	32,951	$	327


Asset-backed securities issued by Others	—		—		87		9		87		9
Student Loan Trust ABSs	12,511		88		—		—		12,511		88


	$	44,792	$	408	$	757	$	16	$	45,549	$	424


December 31, 2019	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months				Total
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies	$	15,215	$	63	$	39,689	$	336	$	54,904	$	399

U.S. SBA Debentures	—		—		4,744		60		4,744		60
Asset-backed securities issued by Others	—		—		136		12		136		12

Municipal bonds	11,318		173		—		—		11,318		173
U.S. government obligations	1,489		1		—		—		1,489		1
	$	28,022	$	237	$	44,569	$	408	$	72,591	$	645

AFS asset-backed securities issued by GSEs are guaranteed by the issuer and AFS U.S. government agency securities and bonds are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. At December 31, 2020, and 2019 total unrealized losses on the portfolio were $0.4 million and $0.6 million of the portfolio amortized cost of $240.0 million and $206.1 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, AFS asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies with unrealized losses had amortized cost of $33.3 million and $56.8 million, respectively, with the unrealized losses of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, AFS asset-backed securities issued by student loan trust and others with unrealized losses had amortized cost of $12.6 million with unrealized losses of $0.1 million. The Company's amortized cost investment of $37.1 million in student loan trusts are 97% U.S. government guaranteed. At December 31, 2020, AFS municipal bonds issued by states, political subdivisions, or agencies had no unrealized losses, and at December 31, 2019, AFS municipal bonds issued by states, political subdivisions, or agencies with unrealized losses had amortized cost of $11.5 million, with unrealized losses of $0.2 million. Management believes that the securities will either recover in market value or be paid off as agreed.

Maturities

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at December 31, 2020 by contractual maturity, are shown below. The Company has allocated the AFS securities into the four maturity groups listed below using the expected average life of the individual securities based on statistics provided by industry sources. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because the issuers of the securities may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties.


December 31, 2020	Available for Sale
(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value

Within one year	$	36,165	$	37,084
Over one year through five years	60,669		62,209
Over five years through ten years	67,158		68,862
After ten years	76,021		77,950
Total AFS securities	$	240,013	$	246,105

NOTE 3 – LOANS

Loans consist of the following:


	December 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Total		% of Gross Portfolio Loans		Total		% of Gross Portfolio Loans
Portfolio Loans:
Commercial real estate	$	1,049,147	69.75	%	$	964,777	66.34	%
Residential first mortgages	133,779		8.89	%	167,710		11.53	%
Residential rentals	139,059		9.24	%	123,601		8.50	%
Construction and land development	37,520		2.49	%	34,133		2.35	%
Home equity and second mortgages	29,129		1.94	%	36,098		2.48	%
Commercial loans	52,921		3.52	%	63,102		4.34	%
Consumer loans	1,027		0.07	%	1,104		0.08	%
Commercial equipment	61,693		4.10	%	63,647		4.38	%
Gross portfolio loans	1,504,275		100.00	%	1,454,172		100.00	%
Less:
Net deferred costs	1,264		0.08	%	1,879		0.13	%
Allowance for loan losses	(19,424)		(1.29)	%	(10,942)		(0.75)	%
	(18,160)				(9,063)
Net portfolio loans	$	1,486,115			$	1,445,109

U.S. Small Business Administration ("SBA") Paycheck Protection Program ("PPP") loans	$	110,320			$	—
Net deferred fees	(2,360)				—
Net SBA PPP Loans	$	107,960			$	—

Total Net Loans	$	1,594,075			$	1,445,109

Gross Loans	$	1,614,595			$	1,454,172

The Company has segregated its loans into two categories; portfolio loans and U.S. SBA PPP loans.

Deferred Costs/Fees

Portfolio net deferred loan costs of $1.3 million at December 31, 2020 included deferred fees paid by customers of $3.4 million offset by deferred costs of $4.7 million. Deferred loan costs include premiums paid for the purchase of residential first mortgages and deferred loan origination costs recorded in accordance with ASC 310-20. Net deferred loan costs of $1.9 million at December 31, 2019 included deferred fees paid by customers of $3.3 million offset by deferred costs of $5.2 million.

U.S. SBA PPP loan net deferred fees of $2.4 million at December 31, 2020 included deferred fees paid by the Small Business Administration of $2.9 million partially offset by deferred costs of $0.5 million. The net deferred fees are being amortized as a component of interest income through the contractual maturity date of each individual PPP loan. Net deferred fees include fees (deferred fees) paid to participant banks for each PPP loan underwritten and funded net of costs incurred to underwrite the loans (deferred costs). Net deferred fees will be recognized in income when the PPP loan is forgiven or paid.

Risk Characteristics of Portfolio Segments

Concentrations of Credit - Loans are made primarily within the Company’s operating footprint of Southern Maryland and the greater Fredericksburg area of Virginia. Real estate loans can be affected by the condition of the local real estate market. Commercial and industrial loans can be affected by the local economic conditions. The commercial loan portfolio has concentrations in business loans secured by real estate and real estate development loans. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had no loans outstanding with foreign entities.

The Company manages its credit products and exposure to credit losses (credit risk) by the following specific portfolio segments (classes), which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its allowance for loan loss methodology. These segments are:

Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”)

Commercial and other real estate projects include office, medical and professional buildings, retail locations, churches, other special purpose buildings and commercial construction. Commercial construction balances were 6.9% and 8.9% of the CRE portfolio at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Bank offers both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans under these product lines. The primary security on a commercial real estate loan is the real property and the leases that produce income for the real property. Loans secured by commercial real estate are generally limited to 80% of the lower of the appraised value or sales price at origination and have an initial contractual loan payment period ranging from three to 20 years.

Loans secured by commercial real estate are larger and involve greater risks than 1-4 family residential mortgage loans. Because payments on loans secured by such properties are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the largest outstanding commercial real estate loans were $20.7 million and $21.1 million, respectively, which were secured by commercial real estate and performing according to their terms.

Residential First Mortgages

Residential first mortgage loans are generally long-term loans, amortized on a monthly basis, with principal and interest due each month. The contractual loan payment period for residential loans typically ranges from ten to 30 years. The Bank’s experience indicates that real estate loans remain outstanding for significantly shorter time periods than their contractual terms. Borrowers may refinance or prepay loans at their option, without penalty. The Bank’s residential portfolio has both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential first mortgages. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Bank purchased residential first mortgages of $22.0 million and $41.0 million, respectively.

The annual and lifetime limitations on interest rate adjustments may constrain interest rate increases on these loans. There are also credit risks resulting from potential increased costs to the borrower as a result of repricing of adjustable-rate mortgage loans. During periods of rising interest rates, the risk of default on adjustable-rate mortgage loans may increase due to the upward adjustment of interest cost to the borrower. The Bank’s adjustable rate residential first mortgage portfolio was $33.6 million or 2.2% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.50 billion at December 31, 2020 compared to $52.3 million or 3.6% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.45 billion at December 31, 2019.

The Bank generally retains the right to service loans sold for a payment based upon a percentage (generally 0.25% of the outstanding loan balance). As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Bank serviced $23.9 million and $32.9 million, respectively, in residential mortgage loans for others.

At December 31, 2020, and 2019, the largest outstanding residential first mortgage loans were $3.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, which were secured by residences located in the Bank’s market area. The loans were performing according to terms.

Residential Rentals

Residential rental mortgage loans are amortizing, with principal and interest due each month. The loans are secured by income-producing 1-4 family units and apartments. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, $105.9 million and $97.1 million, respectively, were 1-4 family units and $33.2 million and $26.5 million, respectively, were apartment buildings or multi-family units. Loans secured by residential rental properties are generally limited to 80% of the lower of the appraised value or sales price at origination and have initial contractual loan payment periods ranging from three to 20 years. The primary security on a residential rental loan is the property and the leases that produce income. During periods of rising interest rates, the risk of default on adjustable-rate mortgage loans may increase due to the upward adjustment of interest cost to the borrower. The Bank’s adjustable rate residential rental portfolio was $118.5 million or 7.9% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.50 billion at December 31, 2020 compared to $102.2 million or 7.0% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.45 billion at December 31, 2019.

Loans secured by residential rental properties involve greater risks than 1-4 family residential mortgage loans. Although, there are similar risk characteristics shared with commercial real estate loans, the balances for the loans secured by residential rental properties are generally smaller. Payments on loans secured by residential rental properties are dependent on the successful operation of the properties and repayment of these loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the rental real estate market or the economy to a greater extent than similar owner-occupied properties.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the largest outstanding residential rental mortgage loan was $9.5 million and $9.7 million, respectively, which was secured by over 120 single family homes located in the Bank’s market area. The loan was performing according to its terms at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Construction and Land Development

The Bank offers loans for the construction of 1-4 family dwellings. Generally, these loans are secured by the real estate under construction as well as by guarantees of the principals involved. In addition, the Bank offers loans to acquire and develop land, as well as loans on undeveloped, subdivided lots for home building. The Bank’s construction and land development portfolio was $37.5 million or 2.5% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.50 billion at December 31, 2020 compared to $34.1 million or 2.4% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.45 billion at December 31, 2019. The Bank’s investment in these loans has declined in recent years as the Bank has deemphasized this product line.

A decline in demand for new housing might adversely affect the ability of borrowers to repay these loans. Construction and land development loans are inherently riskier than financing owner-occupied real estate. The Bank’s risk of loss is affected by the accuracy of the initial estimate of the market value of the completed project as well as the accuracy of the cost estimates to complete the project. In addition, volatility in the real estate market can make it difficult to ensure that the valuation of land associated with these loans is accurate. During the construction phase, a number of factors could result in delays and cost overruns. If the estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, the Bank may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the development. If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, a project’s value might be insufficient to assure full repayment. As a result of these factors, construction lending often involves the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the project rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If the Bank forecloses on a project, there can be no assurance that the Bank will be able to recover all of the unpaid balance of, and accrued interest on, the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the largest outstanding construction and land development loans were $12.8 million and $5.3 million, respectively, which were secured by land in the Bank’s market area.

Home Equity and Second Mortgage Loans

The Bank maintains a portfolio of home equity and second mortgage loans. The Bank’s home equity and second mortgage portfolio was $29.1 million or 1.9% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.50 billion at December 31, 2020 compared to $36.1 million or 2.5% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.45 billion at December 31, 2019. These products contain a higher risk of default than residential first mortgages as in the event of foreclosure, the first mortgage would need to be paid off prior to collection of the second mortgage.

Commercial Loans

The Bank offers its customers commercial loan products including term loans, demand loans and lines of credit. Such loans are generally made for terms of five years or less. The Bank offers both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans. The portfolio consists primarily of demand loans and lines of credit. When making commercial business loans, the Bank considers the financial condition of the borrower, the borrower’s payment history of both corporate and personal debt, the projected cash flows of the business, the viability of the industry in which the borrower operates, the value of the collateral, and the borrower’s ability to service the debt from income. These loans are primarily secured by equipment, real property, accounts receivable or other security as determined by the Bank. Commercial loans are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flows of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial loans may depend substantially on the success of the business itself. In the case of business failure, collateral would need to be liquidated to provide repayment for the loan. In many cases, the highly specialized nature of collateral would make full recovery from the sale of collateral unlikely.

The Bank’s commercial loan portfolio was $52.9 million or 3.5% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.50 billion at December 31, 2020 compared to $63.1 million or 4.3% of total gross loans of $1.45 billion at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the largest outstanding commercial loans were $5.6 million and $2.8 million, respectively, which were secured by commercial real estate (all of which were located in the Bank’s market area), cash and investments. These loans were performing according to terms at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Consumer Loans

Commercial Equipment Loans

These loans consist primarily of fixed-rate, short-term loans collateralized by a commercial customer’s equipment or secured by real property, accounts receivable, or other security as determined by the Bank. When making commercial equipment loans, the Bank considers the same factors it considers when underwriting a commercial business loan. Commercial loans are of higher risk and typically are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flows of the borrower’s business. As a result, repayment of commercial loans may depend substantially on the success of the business itself. In the case of business failure, collateral would need to be liquidated to repay the loan. In many cases, the highly specialized nature of collateral equipment would make full recovery from the sale of collateral problematic.

The Bank’s commercial equipment portfolio was $61.7 million or 4.1% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.50 billion at December 31, 2020 compared to $63.6 million or 4.4% of total gross portfolio loans of $1.45 billion at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the largest outstanding commercial equipment loans were $2.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively, which were secured by commercial real estate (located in the Bank’s market area), cash and investments. These loans were performing according to terms at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

U.S. SBA PPP Loans

No credit issues are anticipated with SBA PPP loans as they are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration and the Bank's ALLL does not include an allowance for U.S. SBA PPP loans. Management believes all PPP loans were underwritten in accordance with the program's guidelines. The U.S. SBA PPP guidelines indicate that lenders may rely on certifications of the borrower in order to determine eligibility and to rely on specified documents provided by the borrower to determine qualifying loan amount and eligibility for forgiveness. The guidelines further specify that lenders will be held harmless for a borrowers’ failure to comply with program criteria.

Non-accrual and Aging Analysis of Current and Past Due Loans

Non-accrual loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
	Non- accrual Delinquent Loans		Number of Loans	Non-accrual Current Loans		Number of Loans	Total Non-accrual Loans		Total Number of Loans
Commercial real estate	$	11,428	9	$	5,184	9	$	16,612	18
Residential first mortgages	335		2	459		2	794		4
Residential rentals	—		—	275		2	275		2

Home equity and second mortgages	202		2	293		1	495		3


Commercial equipment	—		—	46		3	46		3
	$	11,965	13	$	6,257	17	$	18,222	30


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2019
	Non- accrual Delinquent Loans		Number of Loans	Non-accrual Current Loans		Number of Loans	Total Non-accrual Loans		Total Number of Loans
Commercial real estate	$	10,562	11	$	1,687	5	$	12,249	16
Residential first mortgages	—		—	830		3	830		3
Residential rentals	—		—	937		5	937		5

Home equity and second mortgages	177		3	271		3	448		6
Commercial loans	1,807		2	1,320		1	3,127		3

Commercial equipment	241		5	25		1	266		6
	$	12,787	21	$	5,070	18	$	17,857	39

Non-accrual loans increased $0.4 million from $17.9 million or 1.23% of total loans at December 31, 2019 to $18.2 million or 1.13% of total loans at December 31, 2020. Non-accrual loans can be current but classified as non-accrual due to customer operating results or payment history. All interest accrued but not collected from non-accrual or charged-off loans is reversed against interest income. In accordance with the Company’s policy, interest income is recognized on a cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until the loan returns to accrual status.

At December 31, 2020, non-accrual loans of $18.2 million included 30 loans, of which $15.7 million, or 86% represented 15 loans and six customer relationships. At December 31, 2019, non-accrual loans of $17.9 million included 39 loans, of which $15.0 million, or 84% represented 18 loans and seven customer relationships. At December 31, 2020, $6.3 million (34%) of non-accrual loans were current with all payments of principal and interest with no impairment and $12.0 million (66%) of non-accrual loans were delinquent with specific valuation reserves $1.3 million.

Non-accrual loans at December 31, 2020 and 2019 included three and three TDRs totaling $1.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. These loans were classified solely as non-accrual for the calculation of financial ratios. Loan delinquency (total past due) decreased $1.2 million from $13.3 million, or 0.92% of loans, at December 31, 2019 to $12.1 million, or 0.81% of loans, at December 31, 2020.

The Company considers a loan to be past due or delinquent when the terms of the contractual obligation are not met by the borrower. PCI loans are included as a single category in the table below as management believes, regardless of their age, there is a lower likelihood of aggregate loss related to these loan pools. Additionally, PCI loans are discounted to allow for the accretion of income on a level yield basis over the life of the loan based on expected cash flows. Regardless of payment status, as long as cash flows can be reasonably estimated, the associated discount on these loan pools results in income recognition. An analysis of past due loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
	31-60 Days		61-89 Days		90 or Greater Days		Total Past Due		PCI Loans		Current		Total Loan Receivables
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	11,428	$	11,428	$	1,572	$	1,036,147	$	1,049,147
Residential first mortgages	—		—		335		335		—		133,444		133,779
Residential rentals	—		—		—		—		—		139,059		139,059
Construction and land dev.	—		—		—		—		—		37,520		37,520
Home equity and second mtg.	167		—		202		369		406		28,354		29,129
Commercial loans	—		—		—		—		—		52,921		52,921
Consumer loans	8		—		—		8		—		1,019		1,027
Commercial equipment	—		4		—		4		—		61,689		61,693
Total portfolio loans	$	175	$	4	$	11,965	$	12,144	$	1,978	$	1,490,153	$	1,504,275

U.S. SBA PPP loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	110,320	$	110,320


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2019
	31-60 Days		61-89 Days		90 or Greater Days		Total Past Due		PCI Loans		Current		Total Loan Receivables
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	217	$	10,563	$	10,780	$	1,738	$	952,259	$	964,777
Residential first mortgages	—		—		—		—		—		167,710		167,710
Residential rentals	—		—		—		—		295		123,306		123,601
Construction and land dev.	—		—		—		—		—		34,133		34,133
Home equity and second mtg.	98		23		177		298		391		35,409		36,098
Commercial loans	—		—		1,807		1,807		—		61,295		63,102
Consumer loans	—		—		—		—		—		1,104		1,104
Commercial equipment	52		159		231		442		—		63,205		63,647
Total portfolio loans	$	150	$	399	$	12,778	$	13,327	$	2,424	$	1,438,421	$	1,454,172

There were no loans that were past due 90 days or greater accruing interest at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructures (“TDRs”)

Impaired loans, including TDRs, at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance		Recorded Investment With Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		YTD Average Recorded Investment		YTD Interest Income Recognized
Commercial real estate	$	17,952	$	11,915	$	5,799	$	17,714	$	1,316	$	17,729	$	361
Residential first mortgages	2,001		1,989		—		1,989		—		2,043		70
Residential rentals	626		625		—		625		—		643		32

Home equity and second mtg.	568		555		—		555		—		559		15


Commercial equipment	527		472		40		512		40		531		30
Total	$	21,674	$	15,556	$	5,839	$	21,395	$	1,356	$	21,505	$	508

100


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2019
	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance		Recorded Investment With Allowance		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		YTD Average Recorded Investment		YTD Interest Income Recognized
Commercial real estate	$	20,914	$	15,919	$	4,788	$	20,707	$	417	$	21,035	$	813
Residential first mortgages	1,921		1,917		—		1,917		—		1,962		86
Residential rentals	941		937		—		937		—		967		56

Home equity and second mtg.	524		510		—		510		—		519		23
Commercial loans	3,127		1,807		1,320		3,127		210		3,284		152

Commercial equipment	808		585		203		788		201		826		35
Total	$	28,235	$	21,675	$	6,311	$	27,986	$	828	$	28,593	$	1,165

TDRs, included in the impaired loan schedules above, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
	Dollars		Number of Loans	Dollars		Number of Loans
Commercial real estate	$	1,376	2	$	1,420	3
Residential first mortgages	247		2	64		1



Commercial equipment	471		2	565		4
Total TDRs	$	2,094	6	$	2,049	8
Less: TDRs included in non-accrual loans	(1,522)		(3)	(1,399)		(3)
Total performing accrual TDR loans	$	572	3	$	650	5

TDRs increased slightly from $2.0 million at December 31, 2019 to $2.1 million at December 31, 2020. TDRs that are included in non-accrual are classified as non-accrual loans solely for the calculation of financial ratios. The Company had specific reserves of $0.4 million on one TDR totaling $1.3 million at December 31, 2020 and $87,000 on three TDRs totaling $0.1 million at December 31, 2019. During the year ended December 31, 2020, TDR disposals, which included payoffs and refinancing consisted of three loans totaling $0.1 million. TDR loan principal curtailment was $53,000 for the year ended December 31, 2020. There was one TDR added during the year ended December 31, 2020 totaling $0.2 million. During the year ended December 31, 2019, TDR disposals, which included payoffs and refinancing decreased by seven loans totaling $4.4 million. TDR loan principal curtailment was $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. There were $25,000 TDRs added during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Interest income in the amount of $96,000 and $92,000 was recognized on outstanding TDR loans for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Bank’s TDRs are performing according to the terms of their agreements at market interest rates appropriate for the level of credit risk of each TDR loan. The average contractual interest rate on performing TDRs at December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 4.60% and 4.51%, respectively.

101

Allowance for Loan Losses ("ALLL")

The following tables detail activity in the ALLL at and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. An allocation of the allowance to one category of loans does not prevent the Company from using that allowance to absorb losses in a different category.


Year Ended	December 31, 2020
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provisions		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate	$	7,398	$	(944)	$	17	$	7,273	$	13,744
Residential first mortgages	464		—		—		841		1,305
Residential rentals	397		—		—		1,016		1,413
Construction and land development	273		—		—		128		401
Home equity and second mortgages	149		(53)		9		156		261
Commercial loans	1,086		(1,027)		20		1,143		1,222
Consumer loans	10		(6)		—		16		20
Commercial equipment	1,165		(328)		94		127		1,058
	$	10,942	$	(2,358)	$	140	$	10,700	$	19,424

Purchase Credit Impaired**	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

** There is no allowance for loan loss on the PCI or the SBA PPP portfolios. A more detailed rollforward schedule will be presented if an allowance is required.


Year Ended	December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provisions		Ending Balance
Commercial real estate	$	6,882	$	(148)	$	15	$	649	$	7,398
Residential first mortgages	755		—		—		(291)		464
Residential rentals	498		(53)		46		(94)		397
Construction and land development	310		(329)		—		292		273
Home equity and second mortgages	133		(28)		6		38		149
Commercial loans	1,482		(1,127)		40		691		1,086
Consumer loans	6		(5)		2		7		10
Commercial equipment	910		(685)		102		838		1,165
	$	10,976	$	(2,375)	$	211	$	2,130	$	10,942

Purchase Credit Impaired**	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

** There is no allowance for loan loss on the PCI portfolios. A more detailed rollforward schedule will be presented if an allowance is required.

102

The following tables detail loan receivable and allowance balances disaggregated on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.


	December 31, 2020								December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment		Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment		Purchase Credit Impaired		Total		Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment		Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment		Purchase Credit Impaired		Total
Loan Receivables:
Commercial real estate	$	17,714	$	1,029,861	$	1,572	$	1,049,147	$	20,707	$	942,332	$	1,738	$	964,777
Residential first mortgages	1,989		131,790		—		133,779		1,917		165,793		—		167,710
Residential rentals	625		138,434		—		139,059		937		122,369		295		123,601
Construction and land development	—		37,520		—		37,520		—		34,133		—		34,133
Home equity and second mortgages	555		28,168		406		29,129		510		35,197		391		36,098
Commercial loans	—		52,921		—		52,921		3,127		59,975		—		63,102
Consumer loans	—		1,027		—		1,027		—		1,104		—		1,104
Commercial equipment	512		61,181		—		61,693		788		62,859		—		63,647
	$	21,395	$	1,480,902	$	1,978	$	1,504,275	$	27,986	$	1,423,762	$	2,424	$	1,454,172

Allowance for loan losses:
Commercial real estate	$	1,316	$	12,428	$	—	$	13,744	$	417	$	6,981	$	—	$	7,398
Residential first mortgages	—		1,305		—		1,305		—		464		—		464
Residential rentals	—		1,413		—		1,413		—		397		—		397
Construction and land development	—		401		—		401		—		273		—		273
Home equity and second mortgages	—		261		—		261		—		149		—		149
Commercial loans	—		1,222		—		1,222		210		876		—		1,086
Consumer loans	—		20		—		20		—		10		—		10
Commercial equipment	40		1,018		—		1,058		201		964		—		1,165
	$	1,356	$	18,068	$	—	$	19,424	$	828	$	10,114	$	—	$	10,942

Credit Quality Indicators

Credit quality indicators as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

Credit Risk Profile by Internally Assigned Grade


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial Real Estate				Construction and Land Dev.				Residential Rentals
	12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019
Unrated	$	162,434	$	102,695	$	1,036	$	2,075	$	47,605	$	38,139
Pass	866,648		840,403		36,484		32,058		90,633		84,811
Special mention	2,417		—		—		—		821		—
Substandard	17,648		21,679		—		—		—		651
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	1,049,147	$	964,777	$	37,520	$	34,133	$	139,059	$	123,601

103


(dollars in thousands)	Commercial Loans				Commercial Equipment				Total Commercial Portfolios
	12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019
Unrated	$	12,962	$	16,754	$	26,585	$	26,045	$	250,622	$	185,708
Pass	39,959		43,221		31,091		37,399		1,064,815		1,037,892
Special mention	—		—		3,977		—		7,215		—
Substandard	—		3,127		40		203		17,688		25,660
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	52,921	$	63,102	$	61,693	$	63,647	$	1,340,340	$	1,249,260


(dollars in thousands)	Non-Commercial Portfolios**				U.S. SBA PPP Loans				Total All Portfolios
	12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019
Unrated	$	136,792	$	164,991	$	110,320	$	—	$	497,734	$	350,699
Pass	25,125		38,718		—		—		1,089,940		1,076,610
Special mention	457		—		—		—		7,672		—
Substandard	1,561		1,203		—		—		19,249		26,863
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—
Loss	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	163,935	$	204,912	$	110,320	$	—	$	1,614,595	$	1,454,172

** Non-commercial portfolios are generally evaluated based on payment activity but may be risk graded if part of a larger commercial relationship or are credit impaired (e.g., non-accrual loans, TDRs).

Credit Risk Profile Based on Payment Activity (Non-Commercial Portfolios)


(dollars in thousands)	Residential First Mortgages				Home Equity and Second Mtg.				Consumer Loans
	12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019		12/31/2020		12/31/2019

Performing	$	133,444	$	167,710	$	28,927	$	35,921	$	1,027	$	1,104
Nonperforming	335		—		202		177		—		—
Total	$	133,779	$	167,710	$	29,129	$	36,098	$	1,027	$	1,104

A risk grading scale is used to assign grades to commercial relationships, which include commercial real estate, residential rentals, construction and land development, commercial loans and commercial equipment loans. Loans are graded at inception, annually thereafter when financial statements are received and at other times when there is an indication that a credit may have weakened or improved. Only commercial loan relationships with an aggregate exposure to the Bank of $1.0 million or greater are subject to being risk rated.

Home equity and second mortgages and consumer loans are evaluated for creditworthiness in underwriting and are monitored based on borrower payment history. Residential first mortgages are evaluated for creditworthiness during credit due diligence before being purchased. Residential first mortgages, home equity and second mortgages and consumer loans are classified as unrated unless they are part of a larger commercial relationship that requires grading or are TDRs or nonperforming loans with an Other Assets Especially Mentioned (“OAEM”) or higher risk rating due to a delinquent payment history.

Management reviews credit quality indicators as part of its individual loan reviews on a quarterly basis. The overall quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio is assessed using the Bank’s risk grading scale, the level and trends of net nonperforming loans and delinquencies, the performance of TDRs and the general economic conditions in the Company’s geographical market. This review process is assisted by frequent internal reporting of loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming and potential problem loans. Credit quality indicators and allowance factors are adjusted based on management’s judgment during the monthly and quarterly review process. Loans subject to risk ratings are graded on a scale of one to ten. The Company considers loans rated substandard, doubtful and loss as classified assets for regulatory and financial reporting.

104

Ratings 1 thru 6 - Pass

Ratings 1thru 6 have asset risks ranging from excellent low risk to adequate. The specific rating assigned considers customer history of earnings, cash flows, liquidity, leverage, capitalization, consistency of debt service coverage, the nature and extent of customer relationship and other relevant specific business factors such as the stability of the industry or market area, changes to management, litigation or unexpected events that could have an impact on risks.

Rating 7 - OAEM (Other Assets Especially Mentioned) – Special Mention

These credits, while protected by the financial strength of the borrowers, guarantors or collateral, have reduced quality due to economic conditions, less than adequate earnings performance or other factors which require the lending officer to direct more than normal attention to the credit. Financing alternatives may be limited and/or command higher risk interest rates. OAEM loans are the first adversely classified assets on our watch list. These relationships will be reviewed at least quarterly.

Rating 8 - Substandard

Substandard assets are assets that are inadequately protected by the sound worth or paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. These assets have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified substandard. The loans may have a delinquent history or combination of weak collateral, weak guarantor strength or operating losses. When a loan is assigned to this category the Bank may estimate a specific reserve in the loan loss allowance analysis. These assets listed may include assets with histories of repossessions or some that are non-performing bankruptcies. These relationships will be reviewed at least quarterly.

Rating 9 - Doubtful

Doubtful assets have many of the same characteristics of Substandard with the exception that the Bank has determined that loss is not only possible but is probable and the risk is close to certain that loss will occur. When a loan is assigned to this category the Bank will identify the probable loss and the loan will receive a specific reserve in the loan loss allowance analysis. These relationships will be reviewed at least quarterly.

Rating 10 – Loss

Once an asset is identified as a definite loss to the Bank, it will receive the classification of “loss.” There may be some future potential recovery; however, it is more practical to write off the loan at the time of classification. Losses will be taken in the period in which they are determined to be non-collectable.

Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans and Acquired Loans ("PCI")

PCI loans had an unpaid principal balance of $2.3 million and $2.9 million and a carrying value of $2.0 million and $2.4 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. PCI loans represented 0.10% and 0.13% of total assets at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Determining the fair value of the PCI loans at the time of acquisition required the Company to estimate cash flows expected to result from those loans and to discount those cash flows at appropriate rates of interest considering prepayment assumptions. For such loans, the excess of cash flows expected at acquisition over the estimated fair value is recognized as interest income over the remaining lives of the loans and is called accretable yield. At acquisition, the difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected reflects estimated credit losses and is called the nonaccretable difference. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, there was no carryover of previously established allowance for loan losses from acquisition.

A summary of changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans for the year ended December 31, 2020 follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(dollars in thousands)	2020		2019
Accretable yield, beginning of period	$	677	$	733


Accretion	(225)		(354)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference	25		330
Other changes, net	(135)		(32)
Accretable yield, end of period	$	342	$	677

105

Accounting standards require a periodic recast of the expected cash flows on the PCI loan portfolio. The recast was performed during the second and fourth quarters of 2020 and the fourth quarter of 2019 and resulted in a reclassification of $25,000 and $0.3 million, respectively, from the credit (nonaccretable) portion of the discount to the liquidity (accretable) portion of the discount. Also, based on the recast, future expected cash flows, not related to the reclassification, decreased $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and decreased $32,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The following is a summary of acquired and non-acquired loans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019:


BY ACQUIRED AND NON-ACQUIRED	December 31, 2020		%		December 31, 2019		%
Acquired loans - performing	$	58,999	3.66	%	$	74,654	5.13	%
Acquired loans - purchase credit impaired ("PCI")	1,978		0.12	%	2,424		0.17	%
Total acquired loans	60,977		3.78	%	77,078		5.30	%
U.S. SBA PPP loans	110,320		6.83	%	—		—	%
Non-acquired loans**	1,443,298		89.39	%	1,377,094		94.70	%
Gross loans	1,614,595				1,454,172
Net deferred costs (fees)	(1,096)		(0.07)	%	1,879		0.13	%
Total loans, net of deferred costs	$	1,613,499			$	1,456,051

** Non-acquired loans include loans transferred from acquired pools following release of acquisition accounting FMV adjustments.

At December 31, 2020 acquired performing loans, which totaled $59.0 million, included a $0.8 million net acquisition accounting fair market value adjustment, representing a 1.25% discount and PCI loans which totaled $2.0 million, included a $0.3 million adjustment, representing a 14.95% discount.

At December 31, 2019 acquired performing loans, which totaled $74.7 million, included a $1.2 million net acquisition accounting fair market value adjustment, representing a 1.55% discount and PCI loans which totaled $2.4 million, included a $0.5 million adjustment, representing a 17.55% discount.

Related Party Loans

Included in loans receivable were loans made to executive officers and directors or their related interests. These loans were made in the ordinary course of business at substantially the same terms and conditions as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with persons not affiliated with the Bank and are not considered to involve more than the normal risk of collectability. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, all loans to directors and executive officers of the Bank performed according to original loan terms. Activity in loans outstanding to executive officers and directors and their related interests are summarized as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	At and For the Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance, beginning of period	$	19,373	$	35,290
Loans and additions	1,569		1,845
Change in Directors' status	(2,617)		(9,408)
Repayments	(1,958)		(8,354)
Balance, end of period	$	16,367	$	19,373

During 2020, we modified our analysis with respect to insider related parties and as a result include additional relationships such as those involving extended family members, resulting in an increase to the previously reported $8.7 million balance of related party loans at December 31, 2019.

In addition, the Bank had outstanding loans of $7.6 million and $5.4 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 to charitable and community organizations in which the Bank's executive officers and directors volunteer.

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Loan Participations

The Bank sells portions of commercial, commercial real estate and commercial construction loans to other lenders. The Bank's sold participated loans with other lenders at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $17.4 million and $14.9 million, respectively. The Bank may also buy loans, portions of loans, or participation certificates from other lenders to limit overall exposure. The Bank only purchases loans or portions of loans after reviewing loan documents, underwriting support, and completing other procedures, as necessary.

The Bank's purchased participation loans from other lenders at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were $8.7 million and $3.4 million, respectively. Purchased participation loans are subject to the same regulatory and internal policy requirements as other loans in the Bank's portfolio.

107

NOTE 4 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company recognized goodwill of $10.8 million and core deposit intangible ("CDI") assets of $3.6 million with the acquisition of County First Bank. Core deposit intangible is amortized on an accelerated basis over its estimated life of 8 years. Amortization expense related to intangible assets totaled $0.6 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

Goodwill and other intangible assets are presented in the tables below.


(dollars in thousands)	As of December 31, 2020		As of December 31, 2019

Goodwill	$	10,835	$	10,835


	As of December 31, 2020						As of December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Intangible Asset		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Intangible Asset

Core deposit intangibles	$	3,590	$	(2,063)	$	1,527	$	3,590	$	(1,472)	$	2,118

The estimated aggregate future amortization expense for intangible assets remaining as of December 31, 2020 is as follows:


(dollars in thousands)
2021	$	495
2022	398
2023	302
2024	205
2025	109
Thereafter	18
	$	1,527

As of December 31, 2020, the Company did not have impairment to goodwill or CDI. At December 31, 2020 we had goodwill of $10.8 million or 5.47% of equity and CDI of $1.5 million or 0.77% of equity.

It is the Bank’s policy to test goodwill and the CDI for impairment annually in the fourth quarter. In the third quarter of 2020, management determined that the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the banking industry was deemed a triggering event that required an interim impairment test for goodwill. Management engaged an independent consultant to perform a quantitative goodwill and CDI impairment analysis for the Company's single reporting unit, the Bank, as of September 15, 2020 ("the measurement date"). The impairment analysis used both market and income approaches. The market approach used a transaction and control premium analyses and compared resulting valuations both individually and to a selected peer group. The income approach analyzed discounted cash flows. The results of the methods were weighted to determine an overall value. Significant estimates and assumptions included, but were not limited to, projected profitability ratios, discount rates, cash flows projections, selection and evaluation of control premiums in appropriate market transactions and selection of peers.

Management concluded that both goodwill and CDI were not impaired as of the measurement date. Management performed an annual analysis during the fourth quarter and as there were no changes in the Company's financial statements or operations that would indicate that it was more likely than not that goodwill or CDI was impaired subsequent to the measurement date, management concluded that neither goodwill nor CDI was impaired as of December 31, 2020.

It is possible that the length and severity of the COVID-19 crisis could cause the Company's goodwill or CDI to become impaired in future periods due to a sustained decline in the Company's stock price or other financial or qualitative measures. In the event that the Company concludes that all or a portion of its goodwill and CDI are impaired, a non-cash charge for the amount of such impairment would be recorded to earnings in that quarter. Such a charge would have no impact on tangible capital or regulatory capital.

108

NOTE 5 - PREMISES AND EQUIPMENT AND LEASE COMMITMENTS

A summary of the cost and accumulated depreciation of premises and equipment at December 31, 2020 and 2019 follows:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31,
	2020		2019
Land	$	4,406	$	4,406
Building and improvements	25,043		25,001
Furniture and equipment	10,185		10,149
Automobiles	163		256
Total cost	39,797		39,812
Less accumulated depreciation	(19,526)		(18,150)
Premises and equipment, net	$	20,271	$	21,662

Operating Leases

The Company's operating lease agreements are primarily for leases of branches and office space. All of these leases are classified as operating leases, and therefore, were previously not recognized on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. With the adoption of Topic 842, operating lease agreements are required to be recognized on the consolidated balance sheet as a right-of-use-asset with a corresponding lease liability. The table below details the Right of Use asset (net of accumulated amortization), lease liability and other information related to the Company's operating leases:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Operating Leases
Operating lease right of use asset, net	$	7,831		$	8,382
Operating lease liability	$	8,088		$	8,495
Weighted average remaining lease term	18.21 years			18.80 years
Weighted average discount rate	3.52		%	3.50		%
Remaining lease term - min	0.7 years			0.0 years
Remaining lease term - max	24.0 years			25.0 years

The table below details the Company's lease cost, which is included in occupancy expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020		December 31, 2019

Operating lease cost	$	791	$	854

Cash paid for lease liability	$	697	$	740

109

A maturity analysis of operating lease liabilities and reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows to the total operating lease liability is as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	As of December 31, 2020
Lease payments due:
Within one year	$	670
After one but within two years	602
After two but within three years	612
After three but within four years	620
After four but within five years	658
After five years	8,115
Total undiscounted cash flows	$	11,277
Discount on cash flows	(3,189)
Total lease liability	$	8,088

Certain Bank facilities are leased under various operating leases. Future minimum rental commitments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows at December 31, 2020:


(dollar in thousands)
2021	$	670
2022	602
2023	612
2024	620
2025	658
Thereafter	8,115
Total	$	11,277

As of December 31, 2020, the Company had a small office condo held for sale with a fair value of $0.4 million that was recorded as a non-recurring Level 3 asset. The Company recorded an impairment of $1,000 based on fair value of the of the property during the fourth quarter of 2019.

110

NOTE 6 - OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED (“OREO”)

OREO assets are presented net of the valuation allowance. The Company considers OREO as classified assets for regulatory and financial reporting. OREO carrying amounts reflect management’s estimate of the realizable value of these properties incorporating current appraised values, local real estate market conditions and related costs. An analysis of the activity follows.


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Balance at beginning of year	$	7,773	$	8,111
Additions of underlying property	1,240		3,567
Disposals of underlying property	(2,882)		(3,004)

Valuation allowance	(3,022)		(901)
Balance at end of period	$	3,109	$	7,773

During the year ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, OREO additions were $1.2 million and $3.6 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, additions of $1.2 million consisted of a commercial lot. During the year ended December 31, 2019, additions of $3.6 million were for commercial real estate acquired at foreclosure on a $3.8 million classified loan relationship recorded at the estimated fair value at the date of foreclosure less selling cost, establishing a new cost basis and $0.1 million for residential lots.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized net losses of $9,000 on disposals of $2.4 million for commercial real estate and $0.5 million for residential real estate. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company disposed of commercial real estate for proceeds of $3.1 million and gains of $0.2 million. Residential lots were sold for $63,000 with a loss of $2,000 along with sales of commercial equipment for $35,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. In connection with the sale of commercial real estate the Bank provided a loan of $0.3 million. The transaction qualified for sales treatment under ASC Topic 610-20 "Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets".

The Company had no impaired loans secured by residential real estate for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

To adjust properties to current appraised values, additions to the valuation allowance were taken for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

Expenses applicable to OREO assets included the following.


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Valuation allowance	$	3,022	$	901
Losses (gains) on dispositions	9		(188)
Operating expenses	169		250
	$	3,200	$	963

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NOTE 7 - DEPOSITS

Deposits consist of the following:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31,
	2020		2019
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	362,079	$	241,174
Interest-bearing:
Demand	590,159		523,802
Money market deposits	340,725		283,438
Savings	98,783		69,254
Certificates of deposit	353,856		394,169
Total interest-bearing	1,383,523		1,270,663

Total Deposits	$	1,745,602	$	1,511,837

As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, there were $10.6 million and $7.5 million, respectively in deposit accounts held by executive officers and directors and their related interests of the Bank and Company.

The aggregate amount of certificates of deposit that exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 at December 31, 2020, and 2019 was $64.3 million and $86.6 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2020 the scheduled contractual maturities of certificates of deposit are as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
Within one year	$	266,134
Year 2	62,144
Year 3	11,505
Year 4	5,441
Year 5	8,632
	$	353,856

The FDIC’s regulatory guidance require that the Company monitor all customer deposit concentrations at or above 2% of total deposits. At December 31, 2020, the Bank had two customer deposit relationships that exceeded 2% of total deposits, totaling $238.8 million which represented 13.7% of total deposits of $1,745.6 million. At December 31, 2019, the Bank had two customer deposit relationship that exceeded 2% of total deposits, totaling $297.1 million which represented 19.6% of total deposits of $1,511.8 million. The reported concentrations at December 31, 2020 and 2019 were with local municipal agencies.

112

NOTE 8 - SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS AND LONG-TERM DEBT

The Bank’s long-term debt and short-term borrowings consist of advances from the FHLB of Atlanta. In addition, during 2020 the Bank added the Federal Reserve Bank's Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility ("PPPLF") to provide liquidity support, if needed, to fund U.S. SBA PPP loans. The Bank classifies debt based upon original maturity and does not reclassify debt to short-term status during its life. Long-term debt and short-term borrowings include fixed-rate long-term advances, short-term advances, daily advances, fixed-rate convertible advances, and variable-rate convertible advances.

Rates and maturities on long-term advances and short-term borrowings were as follows:


	Fixed-Rate		Fixed-Rate Convertible	Variable Convertible
December 31, 2020
Highest rate	2.75	%	0.79%	n/a
Lowest rate	1.00	%	0.43%	n/a
Weighted average rate	2.01	%	0.59%	n/a
Matures through	2036		2030	n/a

December 31, 2019
Highest rate	2.92	%	n/a	n/a
Lowest rate	1.00	%	n/a	n/a
Weighted average rate	2.26	%	n/a	n/a
Matures through	2036		n/a	n/a

Average rates of long-term debt, short-term borrowings, and PPPLF advances were as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	At or for the Year Ended December 31,
	2020			2019
Long-term debt
Long-term debt outstanding at end of period	$	27,302		$	40,370
Weighted average rate on outstanding long-term debt	0.61		%	2.31		%
Maximum outstanding long-term debt of any month end	67,359			55,392
Average outstanding long-term debt	53,615			32,702
Approximate average rate paid on long-term debt	2.56		%	2.27		%

Short-term borrowings
Short-term borrowings outstanding at end of period	$	—		$	5,000
Weighted average rate on short-term borrowings	—		%	1.81		%
Maximum outstanding short-term borrowings at any month end	27,000			59,500
Average outstanding short-term borrowings	8,156			30,965
Approximate average rate paid on short-term borrowings	1.36		%	2.50		%

PPPLF advances
PPPLF advances outstanding at end of period	$	—		$	—
Weighted average rate on PPPLF advances	—		%	—		%
Maximum outstanding PPPLF advances at any month end	127,674			—
Average outstanding PPPLF advances	60,360			—
Approximate average rate paid on PPPLF advances	0.35		%	—		%

The Bank’s fixed-rate debt generally consists of advances with monthly interest payments and principal due at maturity.

113

The Bank’s fixed-rate convertible long-term debt is callable by the issuer, after an initial period ranging from 3 months to 10 years. The instruments are callable at the end of the initial period. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, all fixed-rate convertible debt is callable in 2021. As of December 31, 2019, all fixed-rate convertible debt had passed its call date. All advances have a prepayment penalty, determined based upon prevailing interest rates.

Variable convertible advances have an initial variable rate based on a discount to LIBOR. As of December 31, 2020, there were no remaining variable convertible advances.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Bank paid off $10.0 million of maturing long-term debt and added two long-term fixed-rate convertible advances totaling $27.0 million, maturing in 2030 at 0.79% and 0.43%, respectively. The Bank made prepayments of $30.0 million on long-term debt resulting in prepayment fees of $0.6 million, during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Bank paid off $15.1 million of maturing long-term debt and added five long-term fixed-rate advances totaling $35.0 million, with one $15.1 million advance called in November 2019, $10.0 million maturing in 2020 at 1.85%, $3.0 million in 2021 at 1.70%, $2.0 million in 2022 at 1.69%, and $5.0 million in 2024 at 1.67%, respectively.

During 2020, the Bank used the PPPLF to fund SBA PPP loans to ensure available borrowing availability from the FHLB was not impacted. Federal Reserve PPPLF advances are non-recourse and receive 100% value for the pledged PPP loan collateral. As of December 31, 2020, the Bank did not have any borrowings outstanding under the PPPLF. The Bank has access to this facility in 2021 for any new SBA PPP loans funded with the recent legislation in December 2020 that authorized another round of federal government funding.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, $0.3 million or 1% and $40.4 million or 100%, respectively, of the Bank’s long-term debt was fixed for rate and term, as the conversion optionality of the advances have either been exercised or expired. The contractual maturities of long-term debt were as follows at December 31, 2020:


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
	Fixed-Rate		Fixed-Rate Convertible		Variable Convertible		Total

Due in 2021	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Due in 2022	128		—		—		128
Due in 2023	—		—		—		—
Due in 2024	—		—		—		—
Due in 2025	—		—		—		—
Thereafter	174		27,000		—		27,174
	$	302	$	27,000	$	—	$	27,302

The Bank also has daily advances outstanding and short-term advances with terms of less than one year, which are classified as short-term borrowings. Daily advances are repayable at the Bank’s option at any time and are re-priced daily. There were no daily advances as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The Bank had no short-term advances at December 31, 2020 and $5.0 million in short-term advances at December 31, 2019.

Under the terms of an Agreement for Advances and Security Agreement with Blanket Floating Lien (the “Agreement”), the Bank maintains collateral with the FHLB consisting of 1-4 family residential first mortgage loans, second mortgage loans, commercial real estate and securities. The Agreement limits total advances to 30% of assets, which were $607.4 million and $538.8 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

At December 31, 2020, $542.6 million of loans and securities were pledged or in safekeeping at the FHLB. Loans and securities are subject to collateral eligibility rules and are adjusted for market value and collateral value factors to arrive at lendable collateral values. At December 31, 2020, FHLB lendable collateral was valued at $434.6 million. At December 31, 2020, the Bank had total lendable pledged collateral at the FHLB of $257.8 million of which $187.5 million was available to borrow in addition to outstanding advances of $27.3 million and letter of credit of $43.0 million. Unpledged lendable collateral was $176.8 million, bringing total available borrowing capacity to $364.3 million at December 31, 2020.

114

At December 31, 2019, $578.7 million of loans and securities were pledged or in safekeeping at the FHLB. Loans and securities are subject to collateral eligibility rules and are adjusted for market value and collateral value factors to arrive at lendable collateral values. At December 31, 2019, FHLB lendable collateral was valued at $458.1 million. At December 31, 2019, the Bank had total lendable pledged collateral at the FHLB of $304.6 million of which $216.3 million was available to borrow in addition to outstanding advances of $45.4 million. Unpledged lendable collateral was $153.5 million, bringing total available borrowing capacity to $369.8 million at December 31, 2019.

The Bank has established a short-term credit facility with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond under its Borrower in Custody program. The Bank had segregated collateral sufficient to draw $6.0 million and $7.7 million under this agreement at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, the Bank has established unsecured short-term credit facilities with other commercial banks totaling $32.0 million and $32.0 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019. Additionally, the Bank has a $40.0 million repurchase credit facility. The repurchase facility requires the pledging of securities as collateral. No amounts were outstanding under the Borrower in Custody or the unsecured and secured commercial lines at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

115

NOTE 9 - GUARANTEED PREFERRED BENEFICIAL INTEREST IN JUNIOR SUBORDINATED DEBENTURES (“TRUPs”)

On June 15, 2005, Tri-County Capital Trust II (“Capital Trust II”), a Delaware business trust formed, funded and wholly-owned by the Company, issued $5.0 million of variable-rate capital securities in a private pooled transaction. The variable rate is based on the 90-day LIBOR rate plus 1.70%. The Trust used the proceeds from this issuance, along with the $0.2 million for Capital Trust II’s common securities, to purchase $5.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures. The interest rate on the debentures and the trust preferred securities is variable and adjusts quarterly. These capital securities qualify as Tier I capital and are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Junior Subordinated Debentures.” Both the capital securities of Capital Trust II and the junior subordinated debentures are scheduled to mature on June 15, 2035, unless called by the Company.

On July 22, 2004, Tri-County Capital Trust I (“Capital Trust I”), a Delaware business trust formed, funded and wholly-owned by the Company, issued $7.0 million of variable-rate capital securities in a private pooled transaction. The variable rate is based on the 90-day LIBOR rate plus 2.60%. The Trust used the proceeds from this issuance, along with the Company’s $0.2 million capital contribution for Capital Trust I’s common securities, to purchase $7.2 million of the Company’s junior subordinated debentures. The interest rate on the debentures and the trust preferred securities is variable and adjusts quarterly. These debentures qualify as Tier I capital and are presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Guaranteed Preferred Beneficial Interests in Junior Subordinated Debentures.” Both the capital securities of Capital Trust I and the junior subordinated debentures are scheduled to mature on July 22, 2034, unless called by the Company.

NOTE 10 – SUBORDINATED NOTES

On February 6, 2015 the Company issued $23.0 million of unsecured 6.25% fixed-to-floating-rate subordinated notes due February 15, 2025 (“subordinated notes”). The subordinated notes qualified as Tier 2 regulatory capital and replaced SBLF Tier 1 capital. The subordinated notes were not listed on any securities exchange or included in any automated dealer quotation system and there was no market for the notes. The notes were unsecured obligations and were subordinated in right of payment to all existing and future senior debt, whether secured or unsecured. The notes were not guaranteed obligations of any of the Company’s subsidiaries. Interest accrued at a fixed per annum rate of 6.25% from and including the issue date to but excluding February 15, 2020. The subordinated notes were able to be redeemed in whole or in part on February 15, 2020. The redemption price was equal to 100% of the principal amount of the subordinated notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption.

On December 31, 2019, the Company issued a total of 312,747 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 in a private placement offering. The Company received net proceeds of $10.6 million after deal expenses. On February 15, 2020, the Company used the proceeds and a cash dividend from the Bank to redeem the Company's outstanding $23.0 million of 6.25% fixed to floating rate subordinate notes.

On October 14, 2020, the Company entered into Subordinated Note Purchase Agreements (collectively, the "Purchase Agreements'') with qualified institutional buyers and accredited investors (collectively, the "Purchasers") pursuant to which the Company issued and sold $20.0 million in aggregate principal amount of its 4.75% Fixed to Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2030 (the "Notes"). The Notes were sold by the Company in a private offering. The Notes mature on October 15, 2030 and bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.75% to October 14, 2025. From October 15, 2025 to the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum, expected to be the then-current-three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York plus 458 basis points. The Company may redeem the Notes at any time after October 14, 2025, and at any time in whole, but not in part, upon the occurrence of certain events. Any redemption of the Notes will be subject to prior regulatory approval. The Company incurred debt issuance costs for placement fees, legal and other out-of-pocket expenses of approximately $0.5 million, which are being amortized over the life of the Notes.

116

NOTE 11 - REGULATORY CAPITAL

The Bank’s primary regulator is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and regular examination by the Maryland Commissioner of Financial Regulation (the “Commissioner”) and the FDIC. The Company is subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”).

The Company and Bank are subject to the Basel III Capital Rules which establish a comprehensive capital framework for U.S. banking organizations. The rules implement the Basel Committee’s “Basel III” framework for strengthening international capital standards as well as certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Basel III Capital Rules substantially revised the risk-based capital requirements applicable to bank holding companies and depository institutions compared to the previous U.S. risk-based capital rules. The Basel III Capital Rules define the components of capital and address other issues affecting the numerator in banking institutions’ regulatory capital ratios. The Basel III Capital Rules also address risk weights and other issues affecting the denominator in banking institutions’ regulatory capital ratios and replace the existing risk-weighting approach with a more risk-sensitive approach. The Basel III Capital Rules also implement the requirements of Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Act to remove references to credit ratings from the federal banking agencies’ rules.

The rules include a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets minimum ratio of 4.5%, a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 6.0%, require a minimum ratio (“Min. Ratio”) of Total Capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%, and require a minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4.0%. A capital conservation buffer (“CCB”) is also established above the regulatory minimum capital requirements. The capital conservation buffer was phased-in over a three-year period before reaching its final level of 2.5% on January 1, 2019. Strict eligibility criteria for regulatory capital instruments were also implemented under the rules. The rules revised the definition and calculation of Tier 1 capital, Total Capital, and risk-weighted assets.

On April 13, 2020, the regulatory agencies published an interim final rule, which permits banking organizations to exclude from regulatory capital requirements SBA PPP covered loans pledged under the PPPLF. The interim final rule also clarifies that PPP covered loans as defined in section 7(a)(36) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 636(a)(36)) receive a zero percent risk weight.

The interim final rule modifies the agencies’ capital rule and allows PPPLF-eligible banking organizations to neutralize the regulatory effects of PPP covered loans on their risk-based capital ratios, as well as PPP covered loans pledged under the PPPLF on their leverage capital ratios. When calculating leverage capital ratios, a banking organization may exclude from average total consolidated assets and, as applicable, total leverage exposure a PPP covered loan as of the date that it has been pledged under the PPPLF. Accordingly, a PPP covered loan that has not been pledged as collateral in connection with an extension of credit under the PPPLF would be included in the calculation of the banking organization’s average total consolidated assets and, as applicable, total leverage exposure. On November 30, 2020 the Federal Reserve Board and U.S. Department of Treasury jointly announced the extension of the PPPLF facility to March 31, 2021.

117

As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Company and Bank were well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action under the new Basel III Capital Rules. Management believes, as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, that the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they were subject. The Company’s and the Bank’s actual regulatory capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table.


Regulatory Capital and Ratios		The Company						The Bank
(dollars in thousands)		December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019			December 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Common equity		$	198,013		$	181,494		$	217,142		$	202,604
Goodwill		(10,835)			(10,835)			(10,835)			(10,835)
Core deposit intangible (net of deferred tax liability)		(1,129)			(1,534)			(1,129)			(1,534)
AOCI (gains) losses		(4,504)			(1,504)			(4,504)			(1,504)
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital		181,545			167,621			200,674			188,731
TRUPs		12,000			12,000			—			—
Tier 1 Capital		193,545			179,621			200,674			188,731
Allowable reserve for credit losses and other Tier 2 adjustments		19,475			10,993			19,475			10,993
Subordinated notes		19,526			23,000			—			—
Tier 2 Capital		$	232,546		$	213,614		$	220,149		$	199,724

Risk-Weighted Assets ("RWA")		$	1,582,581		$	1,508,352		$	1,580,786		$	1,506,766

Average Assets ("AA")		$	2,025,061		$	1,782,834		$	2,023,325		$	1,781,415
Regulatory Min. Ratio + CCB (1)
Common Tier 1 Capital to RWA	7.00%	11.47		%	11.11		%	12.69		%	12.53		%
Tier 1 Capital to RWA	8.50	12.23			11.91			12.69			12.53
Tier 2 Capital to RWA	10.50	14.69			14.16			13.93			13.26
Tier 1 Capital to AA (Leverage) (2)	n/a	9.56			10.08			9.92			10.59

(1) The regulatory minimum capital ratio ("Min. Ratio") + the capital conservation buffer ("CCB").

(2) Tier 1 Capital to AA ("Leverage") has no capital conservation buffer defined. The prompt corrective action ("PCA") well capitalized is defined as 5.00%.

Dividends paid by the Company are substantially funded from dividends received from the Bank. Federal and holding company regulations, as well as Maryland law, imposes certain restrictions on capital distributions, including dividend payments and share repurchases. These restrictions generally require advanced approval from the Bank's regulator for payment of dividends in excess of the sum of net income for the current calendar year and the retained net income of the prior two calendar years.

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NOTE 12 - ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ("AOCI")

The following table presents the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
(dollars in thousands)	Net Unrealized Gains And Losses		Net Unrealized Gains And Losses
Beginning of period	$	1,504	$	(1,847)
Other comprehensive income
Other comprehensive gains, net of tax before reclassifications	1,977		2,600
Amounts reclassified for reclassification of HTM to AFS securities	—		587
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive gain	1,023		164
Net other comprehensive income	$	3,000	$	3,351

End of period	$	4,504	$	1,504

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, reclassification adjustments were due to the gain on sale of AFS investment securities of $1.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

NOTE 13 - EARNINGS PER SHARE ("EPS")

Basic earnings per common share represent income available to common shareholders, divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may have been issued by the Company related to outstanding unvested restricted stock unit and performance stock unit awards were determined using the treasury stock method. The Company has not granted any stock options since 2007 and all outstanding options expired on July 17, 2017.

As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, there were no unvested restricted stock and performance stock unit awards which were excluded from the calculation as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Basic and diluted earnings per share have been computed based on weighted-average common and common equivalent shares outstanding as follows:


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019

Net Income	$	16,136	$	15,272

Average number of common shares outstanding	5,892,269		5,560,588
Dilutive effect of common stock equivalents	1,290		—
Average number of shares used to calculate diluted EPS	5,893,559		5,560,588

Earnings Per Common Share
Basic	$	2.74	$	2.75
Diluted	$	2.74	$	2.75

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NOTE 14 - INCOME TAXES

Allocation of federal and state income taxes between current and deferred portions is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Current
Federal	$	6,412	$	4,234
State	839		2,179
	7,251		6,413

Deferred
Federal	(2,018)		(547)
State	(739)		(201)
	(2,757)		(748)

Income tax expense	$	4,494	$	5,665

The reasons for the differences between the statutory federal income tax rate and the effective tax rates are summarized as follows:


	2020				2019
	Amount		Percent of Pre-Tax Income		Amount		Percent of Pre-Tax Income
Expected income tax expense at federal tax rate	$	4,332	21.00	%	$	4,397	21.00	%
State taxes net of federal benefit	1,071		5.19	%	1,745		8.33	%
Nondeductible expenses	85		0.41	%	103		0.49	%
Nontaxable income	(396)		(1.91	%)	(277)		(1.31	%)
Income tax apportionment adjustment	(743)		(3.60)	%	—		—	%
Other	145		0.70	%	(303)		(1.45	%)
	$	4,494	21.79	%	$	5,665	27.06	%

Income tax expense for 2019 was impacted by a change in the Company's state tax apportionment approach which was implemented during the first quarter of 2020 and included the impact of amended income tax filings of the Company and Bank. Management determined the change in tax position qualified as a change in estimate under FASB ASC Section 250.

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The net deferred tax assets in the accompanying balance sheets include the following components:


	2020		2019
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	5,018	$	3,011
Deferred compensation	3,218		3,239
Lease liability	2,090		2,338
OREO valuation allowance & expenses	718		457

Depreciation	158		50
Deferred fees	283		—
Other	287		189
	11,772		9,284
Deferred tax liabilities
Fair value adjustments for acquired assets and liabilities	111		115
FHLB stock dividends	102		109
Unrealized gain on investment securities	1,627		585
Right of use asset	2,023		2,307

	3,863		3,116

	$	7,909	$	6,168

Retained earnings at December 31, 2020 and 2019 included approximately $1.2 million of bad debt deductions allowed for federal income tax purposes (the “base year tax reserve”) for which no deferred income tax has been recognized. If, in the future, this portion of retained earnings is used for any purpose other than to absorb bad debt losses, it would create income for tax purposes only and income taxes would be imposed at the then prevailing rates. The unrecorded income tax liability on the above amount was approximately $0.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019.

The Company does not have uncertain tax positions that are deemed material and did not recognize any adjustments for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties on income taxes as a component of tax expense. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. Federal tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2017.

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NOTE 15 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company has stock-based incentive arrangements to attract and retain key personnel. In May 2015, the 2015 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2015 plan”) was approved by shareholders, which authorizes the issuance of restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, stock units and stock options to the Board of Directors and key employees. Compensation expense for service-based awards is recognized over the vesting period. Performance-based awards are recognized based on a vesting schedule and the probability of achieving goals specified at the time of the grant. The 2015 plan replaced the 2005 Equity Compensation Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense totaled $0.4 million, and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which consisted of grants of restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance stock units.

The Company granted restricted stock in accordance with the Plan. The vesting period for outstanding restricted stock grants is between three and five years.

During 2020, the Company granted restricted stock units to the Board of Directors and key employees. Service based awards vest between one and three years. Performance-based awards cliff vest in approximately three years from the date of grant, with payouts based on threshold, target or stretch average performance targets over a three year period. There are two performance metrics: a three year reported average return on average assets and a three year reported average return on average equity. Both metrics are measured on a relative basis against a defined group of peer banks over the three year period. The fair value of the restricted units is based on the Company's closing stock price on the date of grant. The recipients of the restricted stock units and the performance stock units do not have any stockholder rights, including voting, dividend, or liquidation rights, with respect to the shares underlying awarded restricted stock units until the recipient becomes the record holder of those shares.

The Company has outstanding restricted stock, restricted stock units, performance stock units in accordance with the Plan. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, unrecognized stock compensation expense was $0.8 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The following tables summarize the unvested restricted stock, restricted stock unit, and performance stock unit awards outstanding at December 31, 2020 and 2019 respectively.


	Restricted Stock			Restricted Stock Units			Performance Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2020	14,440	$	25.79	—	$	—	—	$	—
Granted	9,065	33.42		19,151	24.06		8,482	22.64
Vested	(8,933)	34.02		—	—		—	—
Cancelled	(442)	33.81		—	—		—	—
Nonvested at December 31, 2020	14,130	$	32.77	19,151	$	24.06	8,482	$	22.64


	Restricted Stock			Restricted Stock Units			Performance Stock Units
	Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Number of Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2019	25,473	$	28.76	—	$	—	—	$	—
Granted	6,524	31.82		—	—		—	—
Vested	(17,557)	25.83		—	—		—	—
Cancelled	—	—		—	—		—	—
Nonvested at December 31, 2019	14,440	$	25.79	—	$	—	—	$	—

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NOTE 16 - EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) that covers substantially all employees. Employees qualify to participate after one year of service and vest in allocated shares after three years of service. The ESOP acquires stock of the Company by purchasing shares. Dividends on ESOP shares are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings. Contributions are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors. ESOP contributions recognized for the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019 totaled $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the ESOP held 156,447 and 156,707 allocated shares and 13,175 and 17,325 unallocated shares. The approximate market values of the unallocated shares were $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. The estimated value was determined using the Company’s closing stock price of $26.48 and $35.57 per share as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition, salary and employee benefit expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 included decreases of $39,000 and $3,000, respectively, for the net change of fair market value of leveraged ESOP shares allocated.

The ESOP has promissory notes with the Company for the purchase of TCFC common stock for the benefit of the participants in the Plan of $0.5 million and $0.6 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Bank is a guarantor of the ESOP debt with the Company. Loan terms are at prime rate plus one-percentage point and amortize over seven years. As principal is repaid, common shares are allocated to participants based on the participant account allocation rules described in the Plan. During the year ended December 31, 2020, $0.1 million or 4,150 ESOP shares were allocated with the payment of promissory notes. There were no purchases by the ESOP of the Company’s common shares with promissory notes or cash during 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2019, $0.2 million or 4,815 ESOP shares were allocated with the payment of promissory notes. This was offset by the purchase of 3,271 shares of the Company’s common shares for $39,000 with promissory notes by the ESOP and $63,000 in cash during the first and third quarters of 2019, respectively.

The Company also has a 401(k) plan. The Company matches a portion of the employee contributions. This ratio is determined annually by the Board of Directors. In 2020 and 2019, the Company matched one-half of the first 8% of the employee’s contribution. Employees who have completed six months of service are covered under this defined contribution plan. Employee’s vest in the Company’s matching contributions after three years of service. For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the expense recorded for this plan totaled $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

The Company maintains a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for the Board of Directors and certain key employees under which each participant may elect to defer all or any portion of board fees or salary otherwise payable. Deferred amounts under this plan will be distributed to participants following termination of service or on a specified date in either lump sum or over a period of one to ten years, as elected by the participant. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the liability related to this plan was $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively. During 2020, the Company amended the non-qualified compensation plan for certain key employees to include discretionary contributions from the Company. Contributions made by the Company become vested on December 31st of the third year following the year the contribution is made. As of December 31, 2020, the Company contributed approximately $41,000 to the plan.

The Company has a separate non-qualified retirement plan for non-employee directors. Directors are eligible for a maximum benefit of $3,500 a year for ten years following retirement from the Board of Community Bank of the Chesapeake. The maximum benefit is earned at 15 years of service as a non-employee director. Full vesting occurs after two years of service. Expense recorded for this plan was $20,000 and $26,000 for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In addition, the Company has established individual supplemental retirement plans and life insurance benefits for certain key executives and officers of the Bank. The retirement plans provide retirement income payments for 15 years from the date of the employee’s expected retirement at age 65. The retirement benefit amount for each agreement is set at the discretion of the Board of Directors and vests from the date of the agreement. Expense recorded for the plans totaled $0.8 million and $0.9 million for 2020 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 17 - RESTRICTIONS ON CASH AND AMOUNTS DUE FROM BANKS

The Bank is required to maintain average balances on hand or with the Federal Reserve Bank. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, these required reserve balances amounted to $0 and $6.0 million, respectively. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact much of the way financial institutions both operate and serve their customers, the Federal Reserve Bank announced on March 15, 2020, the reduction of reserve requirement ratios to zero percent effective March 26, 2020. This action eliminated reserve requirements for all depository institutions.

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NOTE 18 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

in the normal course of business, the Bank is party to financial instruments with commitments that extend credit to meet the financing needs of customers. These instruments may involve elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of amounts recognized on the balance sheet. The Bank’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the financial instrument is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet loans receivable.

As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, the Bank had outstanding loan commitments, consisting of commitments issued to originate loans, of approximately $66.5 million and $96.6 million, respectively, excluding undisbursed portions of loans in process.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. These guarantees are issued primarily to support construction borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank holds cash or a secured interest in real estate as collateral to support those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary. Standby letters of credit outstanding amounted to $20.0 million and $22.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. In addition to the commitments noted above, customers had approximately $225.5 million and $230.5 million available under lines of credit at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 19 - RELATED PARTIES

A member of the board directors of the Company is a shareholder in a law firm that provides ongoing legal services for the Company and its subsidiaries. During 2020 and 2019, the Company paid the law firm annual retainers of $113,000 and $110,000, respectively.

Certain directors and executive officers and their related interests have loan transactions with the Company. Such loans were made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms as those prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with outsiders. Please see further details regarding Related Party Loans in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTE 20 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements” and FASB ASC Topic 825, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, which provides a framework for measuring and disclosing fair value under generally accepted accounting principles. FASB ASC Topic 820 requires disclosures about the fair value of assets and liabilities recognized in the balance sheet in periods subsequent to initial recognition, whether the measurements are made on a recurring basis (for example, AFS investment securities) or on a nonrecurring basis (for example, impaired loans).

FASB ASC Topic 820 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures. AFS securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, from time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis such as loans held for investment and certain other assets. These nonrecurring fair value adjustments typically involve application of lower of cost or market accounting or write-downs of individual assets.

Under FASB ASC Topic 820, the Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded, and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine the fair value. These hierarchy levels are:

Level 1 inputs - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs - Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.

Level 3 inputs - Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized on the actual date of the event or circumstances that caused the transfer, which generally coincides with the Company’s quarterly valuation process. Transfers in and out of level 3 during a quarter are disclosed. There were no transfers between Level 1, 2 or 3 during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Following is a description of valuation methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value:

Securities Available for Sale

AFS investment securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange, Treasury securities that are traded by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets and money market funds. Level 2 securities include mortgage-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities (“GSEs”), municipal bonds and corporate debt securities. Securities classified as Level 3 include asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

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Equity Securities Carried at Fair Value Through Income

Equity securities carried at fair value through income are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Standard inputs include quoted prices, if available. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using independent pricing models or other model-based valuation techniques such as the present value of future cash flows, adjusted for the security’s credit rating, prepayment assumptions and other factors such as credit loss assumptions. Level 1 equity securities include those traded on an active exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Level 2 equity securities include mutual funds with asset-backed securities issued by government sponsored entities (“GSEs”) as the underlying investment supporting the fund. Equity securities classified as Level 3 include mutual funds with asset-backed securities in less liquid markets.

Loans Receivable

The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis; however, from time to time, a loan is considered impaired and an allowance for loan loss is established. Loans for which it is probable that payment of interest and principal will not be made in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan are considered impaired. Management estimates the fair value of impaired loans using one of several methods, including the collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. Impaired loans not requiring a specific allowance represent loans for which the fair value of expected repayments or collateral exceed the recorded investment in such loans. At December 31, 2020 and 2019, substantially all impaired loans were evaluated based upon the fair value of the collateral.

In accordance with FASB ASC 820, impaired loans where an allowance is established based on the fair value of collateral (loans with impairment) require classification in the fair value hierarchy. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value of the impaired loan is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the loan as nonrecurring Level 3. Fair value is re-assessed at least quarterly or more frequently when circumstances occur that indicate a change in the fair value. The fair values of impaired loans that are not measured based on collateral values are measured using discounted cash flows and considered to be Level 3 inputs.

Premises and Equipment Held For Sale

Premises and equipment are adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the assets to premises and equipment held for sale. Subsequently, premises and equipment held for sale are carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised value of the collateral or management's estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the asset as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value of premises and equipment is derived from an appraisal or a cash flow analysis, the Company records the asset as nonrecurring Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned (“OREO”)

OREO is adjusted to fair value upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, OREO is carried at the lower of carrying value or fair value. Fair value is based upon independent market prices, appraised value of the collateral or management’s estimation of the value of the collateral. When the fair value of the collateral is based on an observable market price (e.g., contracted sales price), the Company records the foreclosed asset as nonrecurring Level 2. When the fair value is derived from an appraisal, the Company records the foreclosed asset at nonrecurring Level 3.

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Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 measured at fair value on a recurring basis.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
AFS securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
MBS	$	34,953	$	—	$	34,953	$	—
CMOs	127,447		—		127,447		—

Asset-backed securities issued by Others:
Residential CMOs	288		—		288		—
Student Loan Trust ABSs	37,439		—		37,439		—


U.S. government obligations	1,500		—		1,500		—
Municipal bonds	44,478		—		44,478		—
Total AFS securities	$	246,105	$	—	$	246,105	$	—

Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,855	$	—	$	4,855	$	—
Non-marketable equity securities
Other equity securities	$	207	$	—	$	207	$	—


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2019
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
AFS securities
Asset-backed securities issued by GSEs and U.S. Agencies
MBS	$	36,092	$	—	$	36,092	$	—
CMOs	146,932		—		146,932		—
U.S. Agency	9,733		—		9,733		—
Asset-backed securities issued by Others:
Residential CMOs	371		—		371		—

Callable GSE Agency Bonds	2,002		—		2,002		—
Certificates of Deposit Fixed	250		—		250		—
U.S. government obligations	1,489		—		1,489		—
Municipal bonds	11,318		—		11,318		—
Total AFS securities	$	208,187	$	—	$	208,187	$	—

Equity securities carried at fair value through income
CRA investment fund	$	4,669	$	—	$	4,669	$	—
Non-marketable equity securities
Other equity securities	$	209	$	—	$	209	$	—

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required to measure certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 are included in the tables below.


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2020
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans with impairment
Commercial real estate	$	4,483	$	—	$	—	$	4,483
Commercial loans	—		—		—		—
Commercial equipment	—		—		—		—
Total loans with impairment	$	4,483	$	—	$	—	$	4,483
Premises and equipment held for sale	$	430	$	—	$	—	$	430
Other real estate owned	$	3,109	$	—	$	—	$	3,109


(dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2019
Description of Asset	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans with impairment
Commercial real estate	$	4,371	$	—	$	—	$	4,371
Commercial loans	1,110		—		—		1,110
Commercial equipment	2		—		—		2
Total loans with impairment	$	5,483	$	—	$	—	$	5,483
Premises and equipment held for sale	$	430	$	—	$	—	$	430
Other real estate owned	$	7,773	$	—	$	—	$	7,773

Loans with impairment have unpaid principal balances of $5.8 million and $6.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The following tables provide information describing the unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

December 31, 2020

(dollars in thousands)

Description of Asset

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted Average)

Loans with impairment

4,483

Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value

Management discount for property type, selling costs and current market conditions

0% - 50% - 23%

Premises and equipment held for sale

430

Third party appraisals, in-house real estate evaluations of fair value and contracts to sell.

Management discount for property type and current market conditions

0% - 25% - 10%

Other real estate owned

3,109

Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value

Management discount for property type and current market conditions

0% - 50% - 47%

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December 31, 2019

(dollars in thousands)

Description of Asset

Fair Value

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Range (Weighted Average)

Loans with impairment

5,483

Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value

Management discount for property type and current market conditions

0% - 50% - 13%

Premises and equipment held for sale

430

Third party appraisals, in-house real estate evaluations of fair value and contracts to sell.

Management discount for property type and current market conditions

0% - 25% - 10%

Other real estate owned

7,773

Third party appraisals and in-house real estate evaluations of fair value

Management discount for property type and current market conditions

0% - 50% - 18%

NOTE 21 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments require disclosure of fair value information, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, when it is practical to estimate the fair value. A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a contractual obligation which requires the exchange of cash. Certain items are specifically excluded from the financial instrument fair value disclosure requirements, including the Company’s common stock, OREO, premises and equipment and other assets and liabilities.

The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. Therefore, any aggregate unrealized gains or losses should not be interpreted as a forecast of future earnings or cash flows. Furthermore, the fair values disclosed should not be interpreted as the aggregate current value of the Company.

Valuation Methodology

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company implemented “ASU 2016-01 - Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” ASU 2016-01 requires public business entities to use the exit prices when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. The other requirements of ASU 2016-01 are described in Note 1. Fair values at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were measured using an “exit price” notion.

The exit price notion uses a similar approach as the Company’s previous methodology for valuations that used discounted cash flows, but also incorporates other factors, such as enhanced credit risk, illiquidity risk and market factors that sometimes exist in exit prices in dislocated markets. This credit risk assumption is intended to approximate the fair value that a market participant would realize in a hypothetical orderly transaction. The implementation of ASU 2016-01 was most impactful to the Company’s loan portfolio because the Company’s other financial instruments have one or several other compensating factors (e.g., quoted market prices, lower credit risk, limited liquidity risk, short durations, etc.).

Investment securities - Fair values are based on quoted market prices or dealer quotes. If a quoted market price is not available, fair value is estimated using quoted market prices for similar securities.

FHLB stock - Fair values are at cost, which is the carrying value of the securities.

Accrued Interest Receivable - Carrying amount is the estimated fair value.

Investment in bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) - Fair values are at cash surrender value.

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Loans receivable - The fair values for non-impaired loans are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, applying interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms and credit quality. Internal prepayment risk models are used to adjust contractual cash flows.

Management estimates the fair value of impaired loans using one of several methods, including the collateral value, market value of similar debt, enterprise value, liquidation value and discounted cash flows. After evaluating the underlying collateral, the fair value is determined by allocating specific reserves from the allowance for loan losses to the impaired loans.

Deposits - The fair values of checking accounts, saving accounts and money market accounts were the amount payable on demand at the reporting date.

Time certificates - The fair value was determined using the discounted cash flow method. The discount rate was equal to the rate currently offered on similar products.

Long-term debt and short-term borrowings - These were valued using the discounted cash flow method. The discount rate was equal to the rate currently offered on similar borrowings.

Guaranteed preferred beneficial interest in junior subordinated securities ("TRUPs") - These were valued using discounted cash flows. The discount rate was equal to the rate currently offered on similar borrowings.

Subordinated notes - These were valued using discounted cash flows. The discount rate was equal to the rate currently offered on similar borrowings.

Off-balance sheet instruments - The Company charges fees for commitments to extend credit. Interest rates on loans for which these commitments are extended are normally committed for periods of less than one month. Fees charged on standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are deemed to be immaterial and these guarantees are expected to be settled at face amount or expire unused. It is impractical to assign any fair value to these commitments.

The Company’s estimated fair values of financial instruments are presented in the following tables.


December 31, 2020	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
Description of Asset (dollars in thousands)					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Investment securities - AFS	$	246,105	$	246,105	$	—	$	246,105	$	—

Equity securities carried at fair value through income	4,855		4,855		—		4,855		—
Non-marketable equity securities in other financial institutions	207		207		—		207		—
FHLB Stock	2,777		2,777		—		2,777		—
Net loans receivable	1,594,075		1,581,922		—		—		1,581,922
Accrued Interest Receivable	8,717		8,717		—		8,717		—
Investment in BOLI	38,061		38,061		—		38,061		—
Liabilities
Savings, NOW and money market accounts	$	1,391,746	$	1,391,746	$	—	$	1,391,746	$	—
Time deposits	353,856		355,478		—		355,478		—
Short-term borrowings	—		—		—		—		—
Long-term debt	27,302		27,805		—		27,805		—
TRUPs	12,000		9,444		—		9,444		—
Subordinated notes	19,526		20,106		—		20,106		—

130


December 31, 2019	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Fair Value Measurements
Description of Asset (dollars in thousands)					Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Assets
Investment securities - AFS	$	208,187	$	208,187	$	—	$	208,187	$	—

Equity securities carried at fair value through income	4,669		4,669		—		4,669		—
Non-marketable equity securities in other financial institutions	209		209		—		209		—
FHLB Stock	3,447		3,447		—		3,447		—
Net loans receivable	1,445,109		1,424,506		—		—		1,424,506
Accrued Interest Receivable	5,019		5,019		—		5,019		—
Investment in BOLI	37,180		37,180		—		37,180		—
Liabilities
Savings, NOW and money market accounts	$	1,117,668	$	1,117,668	$	—	$	1,117,668	$	—
Time deposits	394,169		396,492		—		396,492		—
Short-term borrowings	5,000		5,007		—		5,007		—
Long-term debt	40,370		40,588		—		40,588		—
TRUPs	12,000		10,129		—		10,129		—
Subordinated notes	23,000		23,031		—		23,031		—

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had outstanding loan commitments of $66.5 million and $96.6 million, respectively, and standby letters of credit of $20.0 million and $22.3 million, respectively. Additionally, at December 31, 2020 and 2019, customers had $225.5 million and $230.5 million, respectively, available and unused on lines of credit, which include lines of credit for commercial customers, home equity loans as well as builder and construction lines. Based on the short-term lives of these instruments, the Company does not believe that the fair value of these instruments differs significantly from their carrying values.

The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these Consolidated Financial Statements since that date and, therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amount presented herein.

131

NOTE 22 - CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – PARENT COMPANY ONLY

Balance Sheets


(dollars in thousands)	December 31,
	2020		2019
Assets
Cash - noninterest bearing	$	12,076	$	3,268
Cash - interest bearing	—		10,759
Investment in wholly-owned subsidiaries	217,514		202,976
Other assets	1,423		1,214
Total Assets	$	231,013	$	218,217

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities	$	1,102	$	1,351
Guaranteed preferred beneficial interest in junior subordinated debentures	12,372		12,372
Subordinated notes - 4.75% and 6.25%, respectively	19,526		23,000
Total Liabilities	33,000		36,723

Stockholders' Equity
Common stock	59		59
Additional paid in capital	95,965		95,474
Retained earnings	97,944		85,059
Accumulated other comprehensive income	4,504		1,504
Unearned ESOP shares	(459)		(602)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	198,013		181,494

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$	231,013	$	218,217

Condensed Statements of Income


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Interest and Dividend Income
Dividends from subsidiary	$	17,000	$	4,500
Interest income	46		65
Interest expense	779		2,023
Net Interest Income	16,267		2,542
Miscellaneous expenses	(2,302)		(2,408)
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary	13,965		134
Federal and state income tax benefit	647		954
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary	1,524		14,184
Net Income	$	16,136	$	15,272

132

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows


(dollars in thousands)	Years Ended December 31,
	2020		2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income	$	16,136	$	15,272
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiary	(1,524)		(14,184)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	10		—
Stock based compensation	343		329
(Increase) decrease in other assets	(169)		164
(Increase) decrease in deferred income tax benefit	(41)		11
(Decrease) increase in current liabilities	(248)		126
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	14,507		1,718



Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities	—		—

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Dividends paid	(2,819)		(2,668)
Proceeds from public offering	—		10,632
Capital to subsidiary	(10,000)		—

Proceeds from subordinated notes - 4.75%	19,516		—
Payment of subordinated notes - 6.25%	(23,000)		—
Net change in unearned ESOP shares	143		116
Repurchase of common stock	(298)		(17)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities	(16,458)		8,063
(Decrease) Increase in Cash	(1,951)		9,781
Cash at Beginning of Year	14,027		4,246
Cash at End of Year	$	12,076	$	14,027

133

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Not applicable

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

(a)Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, including the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s “disclosure controls and procedures,” as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, (the “Exchange Act”). Based upon their evaluation, the principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective for the purpose of ensuring that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (1) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and (2) is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b)Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting is provided at Item 8 in this Form 10-K.

(c)Changes to Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Except as indicated herein, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

Not applicable.

134

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

For information concerning the Company’s directors, the information contained under the section captioned “Items to be voted on by Stockholders- Item 1 – Election of Directors” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 26, 2021 (the “Proxy Statement”), which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after December 31, 2020, is incorporated herein by reference. For information concerning the executive officers of the Company, the information contained under the section captioned "Corporate Governance - Executive Officers" in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

For information regarding compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act, the cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the information contained under the section captioned “Other Information Relating to Directors and Executive Officer Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in the Proxy Statement are incorporated herein by reference.

For information concerning the Company’s code of ethics, the information contained under the section captioned “Corporate Governance – Code of Ethics” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference. A copy of the code of ethics and business conduct is filed as Exhibit 14 hereto and is available to stockholders within the “Investor Relations” section of the Bank’s website under the tabs “Investor Resources”, “Proxy and Annual Report, Committee Charters and Code of Ethics”, and Code of Ethics.

For information regarding the audit committee and its composition and the audit committee financial expert, the section captioned “Corporate Governance – Committees of the Board of Directors – Audit Committee” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

For information regarding executive compensation, the information contained under the sections captioned “Executive Compensation” and “Directors’ Compensation” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

(a) Security Ownership of Certain Owners

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Principal Holders of Voting Securities” in the Proxy Statement.

(b) Security Ownership of Management

Information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Principal Holders of Voting Securities” in the Proxy Statement.

Management of the Company knows of no arrangements, including any pledge by any person of securities of the Company, the operation of which may, at a subsequent date, result in a change in control of the registrant.

(d) Equity Compensation Plan Information

The Company’s Tri-County 2005 Equity Compensation Plan was terminated in May 2015 and replaced with the 2015 Equity Compensation Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2015 Plan was approved by shareholders, which authorizes the issuance of restricted stock, stock appreciation rights, stock units and stock options to the Board of Directors and key employees. There were no outstanding options issued under any plan as of December 31, 2020.

Item 13. Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence

The information regarding certain relationships and related transactions, the section captioned “Other Information Relating to Directors and Executive Officers – Policies and Procedures for Approval and Related Parties Transactions and Relationships and Transactions with the Company and the Bank” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference.

For information regarding director independence, the section captioned “Proposal 1 – Election of Directors” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Audit Related Matters – Audit Fees” and “— an Pre-Approval of Services by the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy Statement.

135

Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on August 1, 2017

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a) List of Documents Filed as Part of this Report

(1) Financial Statements. The following consolidated financial statements and notes related thereto are incorporated by reference from Item 8 hereof:


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm						74
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019						76
Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019						77
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019						78
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019						79
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019						80
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements						82

(2) Financial Statement Schedules. All schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits. The following is a list of exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and is also the Exhibit Index.

Exhibit No

Description

Incorporated by Reference to

2.1

Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of July 31, 2017 by and among The Community Financial Corporation, Community Bank of the Chesapeake and County First Bank

3.1

Articles of Incorporation as Amended and Restated of The Community Financial Corporation

Exhibit 3.1 to the Form S-4 (Registration No. 333-220455).

3.3

Amended and Restated Bylaws of The Community Financial Corporation

Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on August 20, 2020

3.4

Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of The Community Financial Corporation

Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on December 23, 2020

4.2

Form of Subordinated Indenture between The Community Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee

Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on February 4, 2015

4.3

Form of First Supplemental Indenture between The Community Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee

Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-K as filed on February 4, 2015

4.4

Form of Global Note to represent the 6.25% Fixed to Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2025 (included in Exhibit 4.3)

Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 to the Form 8-K as filed on February 4, 2015

4.5

Description of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934

Exhibit 4.5 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed on March 4, 2020

4.6

Indenture, dated as of October 14, 2020, by and between The Community Financial Corporation and UMB Bank National Association, as Trustee

Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on October 14, 2020

4.7

Form of 4.75% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Note due 2030 of The Community Financial Corporation

Exhibit A-1 to Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on October 14, 2020

10.5*

Community Bank of the Chesapeake Retirement Plan for Directors, as amended and restated

Exhibit 10.5 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed on March 10, 2016

10.7*

Split Dollar Agreement with William J. Pasenelli dated April 12, 2001

Exhibit 10.10 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001 as filed on April 1, 2002.

136

Exhibit 10.12 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed on March 10, 2016

Exhibit No

Description

Incorporated by Reference to

10.12*

Community Bank of the Chesapeake Executive Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated

10.32*

The Community Financial Corporation 2015 Equity Compensation Plan

Appendix A to the Definitive Proxy Statement as filed on March 25, 2015

10.37*

Split Dollar Agreement with Todd L. Capitani dated March 3, 2011

Exhibit 10.37 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed on March 10, 2016

10.38*

Split Dollar Agreement with James Burke dated March 15, 2011

Exhibit 10.38 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed on March 10, 2016

10.44*

Supplemental Life Insurance Agreement between Community Bank of Tri-County and William J. Pasenelli dated January 12, 2004

Exhibit 10.44 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed on March 10, 2016

10.45*

Split Dollar Agreement with William J. Pasenelli dated March 15, 2011

Exhibit 10.45 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed on March 10, 2016

10.55*

Employment Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, William J. Pasenelli and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.56*

Employment Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, Todd L. Capitani and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.57*

Employment Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, James M. Burke and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.3 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.61*

Salary Continuation Agreement between William J. Pasenelli and Community Bank of the Chesapeake, dated September 6, 2003, as amended on December 22, 2008 and amended and restated in its entirety on April 30, 2018

Exhibit 10.7 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.63*

Salary Continuation Agreement between William J. Pasenelli and Community Bank of the Chesapeake, dated August 21, 2006, as amended on April 13, 2007, December 30, 2007 and amended and restated in its entirety on April 30, 2018

Exhibit 10.9 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.64*

Salary Continuation Agreement between James M. Burke and Community Bank of the Chesapeake, dated August 21, 2006 and amended and restated in its entirety on April 30, 2018

Exhibit 10.10 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.67*

Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreement, dated January 1, 2011, First Amendment to the Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan dated January 1, 2011 and amended and restated in its entirety on April 30, 2018 with William J. Pasenelli

Exhibit 10.13 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.68*

Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Agreement, dated January 1, 2011, First Amendment to the Supplemental executive Retirement Plan dated January 1, 2011 and amended and restated in its entirety on April 30, 2018 with Todd L. Capitani

Exhibit 10.14 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.69*

Exhibit 10.15 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

137

Exhibit 10.18 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

Exhibit No

Description

Incorporated by Reference to

10.72*

Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan agreement, dated November 1, 2014 as amended and restated on April 30, 2018, with William J. Pasenelli

10.73*

Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan agreement, dated November 1, 2014 as amended and restated on April 30, 2018, with Todd L. Capitani

Exhibit 10.19 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.74*

Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan agreement, dated November 1, 2014 as amended and restated on April 30, 2018, with James M. Burke

Exhibit 10.20 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.77*

Amended and Restated Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan agreement, dated November 1, 2014 as amended and restated on April 30, 2018, with Christy Lombardi

Exhibit 10.23 to the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 as filed on May 10, 2018

10.78*

Community Bank of the Chesapeake Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2019

Exhibit 10.78 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 as filed on March 7, 2019

10.79*

Consulting Agreement, effective April 1, 2019, by and between Community Bank of the Chesapeake and James F. Di Misa

Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K as filed on April 5, 2019

10.80*

Amendment No. 1 to the Consulting Agreement by and between Community Bank of the Chesapeake and James F. Di Misa, effective December 19, 2019

Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on December 23, 2019

10.81*

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, Christy Lombardi and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on April 5, 2019

10.82*

Change in Control Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, John Chappelle and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.82 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed on March 4, 2020

10.83*

Change in Control Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, B. Scot Ebron and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.83 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed on March 4, 2020

10.84*

Change in Control Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, Lacey Pierce and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.84 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed on March 4, 2020

10.85*

Change in Control Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, Patrick Pierce and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.85 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed on March 4, 2020

10.86*

Change in Control Agreement by and among Community Bank of the Chesapeake, Talal Tay and The Community Financial Corporation, as guarantor

Exhibit 10.86 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 as filed on March 4, 2020

10.87*

Amendment No. 2 to the Consulting Agreement by and between Community Bank of the Chesapeake and James F. Di Misa, dated April, 2020, as amended December 19, 2020

Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on December 23, 2020

10.88

Form of Subordinated Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2020, by and between The Community Financial Corporation and the several Purchasers identified therein

Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K as filed on October 14, 2020

10.89

Form of Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 14, 2020, by and between The Community Financial Corporation and the several Purchasers identified therein

Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K as filed on October 14, 2020

14.0

Code of Ethics

Exhibit 14 to the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 as filed on March 13, 2017

138

Consent of Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP

Exhibit No

Description

Incorporated by Reference to

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer

31.1

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer

31.2

Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer

32.0

101.0

The following materials from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (v) the Notes in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

104.0

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

________________________________________

(*) Management contract or compensating arrangement.

(b) Exhibits. The exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are either filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated by reference herein.

(c) Financial Statements and Schedules Excluded From Annual Report. There are no other financial statements and financial statement schedules which were excluded from this Annual Report pursuant to Rule 14a-3(b)(1) which are required to be included herein.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None

139