qada20201031

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2020

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________________ to _________________________

Commission file number 0-22823

QAD Inc.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	77-0105228
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

100 Innovation Place, Santa Barbara, California 93108

(Address of principal executive offices)

(805) 566-6000

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value	QADA	NASDAQ Global Select Market
Class B Common Stock, $0.001 par value	QADB	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☑
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☐
	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑.

As of November 30, 2020, there were 17,368,759 shares of the Registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding and 3,330,318 shares of the Registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding.

QAD INC.

INDEX

			Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

		Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020	1

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended October 31, 2020 and 2019	2

		Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the Nine Months Ended October 31, 2020 and 2019	3

		Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended October 31, 2020 and 2019	4

		Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5

	ITEM 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19

	ITEM 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	33

	ITEM 4.	Controls and Procedures	34

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

	ITEM 1.	Legal Proceedings	34

	ITEM 1A.	Risk Factors	34

	ITEM 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	34

	ITEM 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	34

	ITEM 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	34

	ITEM 5.	Other Information	34

	ITEM 6.	Exhibits	35

	SIGNATURES		36

EXHIBIT 31.1

EXHIBIT 31.2

EXHIBIT 32.2

PART I

ITEM 1 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	October 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
Assets

Current assets:
Cash and equivalents	$	143,392		$	136,717
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $3,884 and $2,940 at October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively		39,187			80,968
Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net		23,261			24,952
Total current assets		205,840			242,637
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization of $41,289 and $38,861 at October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively		26,692			28,687
Lease right-of-use assets		18,764			18,329
Capitalized software costs, net		2,129			1,922
Goodwill		12,348			12,388
Deferred tax assets, net		7,354			5,834
Other assets, net		11,799			13,007
Total assets	$	284,926		$	322,804

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	521		$	503
Lease liabilities		3,893			4,371
Accounts payable		8,273			9,840
Deferred revenue		85,842			118,413
Other current liabilities		32,718			39,900
Total current liabilities		131,247			173,027
Long-term debt		11,955			12,341
Long-term lease liabilities		16,026			14,612
Other liabilities		7,582			6,759
Total liabilities		166,810			206,739
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value. Authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding		-			-
Common stock:
Class A, $0.001 par value. Authorized 71,000,000 shares; issued 17,367,830 and 17,108,846 shares at October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively		17			17
Class B, $0.001 par value. Authorized 4,000,000 shares; issued 3,537,380 shares at both October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020		4			4
Additional paid-in capital		201,832			197,824
Treasury stock, at cost 207,062 and 216,378 Class B shares at October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively		(3,073	)		(3,226	)
Accumulated deficit		(71,676	)		(70,209	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(8,988	)		(8,345	)
Total stockholders’ equity		118,116			116,065
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	284,926		$	322,804

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	October 31,						October 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenue:
Subscription	$	33,761		$	27,328		$	95,598		$	78,522
License		1,682			3,295			5,946			11,277
Maintenance		27,028			29,699			79,922			89,184
Professional services		14,189			17,485			43,422			53,237
Total revenue		76,660			77,807			224,888			232,220

Costs of revenue:
Subscription		10,716			9,540			31,803			28,860
License		441			510			1,407			1,655
Maintenance		6,267			7,291			19,424			22,353
Professional services		13,231			16,376			41,269			53,815
Total cost of revenue		30,655			33,717			93,903			106,683

Gross profit		46,005			44,090			130,985			125,537

Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing		17,415			19,771			53,392			60,853
Research and development		14,177			13,622			41,355			41,479
General and administrative		10,281			9,234			30,597			29,044
Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions		65			67			194			200
Total operating expenses		41,938			42,694			125,538			131,576

Operating income (loss)		4,067			1,396			5,447			(6,039	)

Other expense (income):
Interest income		(108	)		(695	)		(757	)		(2,208	)
Interest expense		142			176			447			477
Other expense (income), net		194			386			833			60
Total other expense (income), net		228			(133	)		523			(1,671	)

Income (loss) before income taxes		3,839			1,529			4,924			(4,368	)
Income tax expense		626			1,404			2,061			11,991

Net income (loss)	$	3,213		$	125		$	2,863		$	(16,359	)

Basic net income (loss) per share
Class A	$	0.16		$	0.01		$	0.14		$	(0.85	)
Class B	$	0.13		$	0.01		$	0.12		$	(0.71	)
Diluted net income (loss) per share
Class A	$	0.16		$	0.01		$	0.14		$	(0.85	)
Class B	$	0.13		$	0.01		$	0.12		$	(0.71	)

Net income (loss)	$	3,213		$	125		$	2,863		$	(16,359	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		405			(313	)		(643	)		(278	)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	3,618		$	(188	)	$	2,220		$	(16,637	)

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended October 31, 2020
	Number of Shares							Amount				Additional									Accumulated Other			Total
	Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Paid-in Capital			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit			Comprehensive Loss			Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 31, 2020		17,109		3,537		(216	)	$	17	$	4	$	197,824		$	(3,226	)	$	(70,209	)	$	(8,345	)	$	116,065
Net income		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			2,863			—			2,863
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			(643	)		(643	)
Stock award exercises		73		—		9			—		—		(2,590	)		153			—			—			(2,437	)
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—			—		—		10,126			—			—			—			10,126
Dividends declared ($0.216 and $0.18 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(4,330	)		—			(4,330	)
Restricted stock		186		—		—			—		—		(3,528	)		—			—			—			(3,528	)
Balance, October 31, 2020		17,368		3,537		(207	)	$	17	$	4	$	201,832		$	(3,073	)	$	(71,676	)	$	(8,988	)	$	118,116

	Nine Months Ended October 31, 2019
	Number of Shares							Amount				Additional									Accumulated Other			Total
	Class A		Class B		Treasury			Class A		Class B		Paid-in Capital			Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit			Comprehensive Loss			Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, January 31, 2019		16,605		3,537		(515	)	$	16	$	4	$	196,723		$	(7,350	)	$	(48,485	)	$	(7,661	)	$	133,247
Net loss		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(16,359	)		—			(16,359	)
Foreign currency translation adjustments		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			—			(278	)		(278	)
Stock award exercises		421		—		126			1		—		(2,164	)		1,943			—			—			(220	)
Stock compensation expense		—		—		—			—		—		8,396			—			—			—			8,396
Dividends declared ($0.216 and $0.18 per Class A and Class B share, respectively)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(4,187	)		—			(4,187	)
Restricted stock		4		—		173			—		—		(5,534	)		2,182			—			—			(3,352	)
Adoption of ASU2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)		—		—		—			—		—		—			—			(173	)		—			(173	)
Balance, October 31, 2019		17,030		3,537		(216	)	$	17	$	4	$	197,421		$	(3,225	)	$	(69,204	)	$	(7,939	)	$	117,074

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020			2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)	$	2,863		$	(16,359	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,139			4,745
Amortization of costs capitalized to obtain and fulfill contracts		3,633			3,301
Amortization of right-of-use assets		4,381			4,460
Net change in valuation allowance		945			14,376
Other deferred income taxes		(1,939	)		(2	)
Loss on disposal of equipment		80			51
Provision for doubtful accounts and sales adjustments		1,167			656
Stock compensation expense		10,126			8,396
Change in fair value of derivative instrument		149			352
Other, net		58			71
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		40,455			40,342
Costs capitalized to obtain and fulfill contracts		(3,658	)		(3,489	)
Lease liabilities		(4,018	)		(4,577	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		1,293			(3,767	)
Accounts payable		(1,758	)		(4,048	)
Deferred revenue		(33,125	)		(31,422	)
Other liabilities		(6,565	)		(5,233	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		19,226			7,853
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(1,733	)		(4,251	)
Proceeds from sale of building		1,496			-
Purchase of short-term investments		-			(1,200	)
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments		-			2,400
Capitalized software costs		(1,071	)		(963	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,308	)		(4,014	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of debt		(462	)		(389	)
Tax payments related to stock awards		(5,965	)		(3,572	)
Cash dividends paid		(4,330	)		(4,187	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(10,757	)		(8,148	)

Effect of exchange rates on cash and equivalents		(486	)		(1,289	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents		6,675			(5,598	)

Cash and equivalents at beginning of period		136,717			139,413

Cash and equivalents at end of period	$	143,392		$	133,815

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	428		$	464
Income taxes, net of refunds	$	2,944		$	2,974

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

QAD INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

1.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Basis of Presentation

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements fairly present the financial information contained therein. These statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The financial statements and footnotes are unaudited. In management’s opinion, all necessary adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring and non-recurring adjustments, have been included in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to present fairly the financial position and operating results of QAD Inc. (QAD or the Company). The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all disclosures required by GAAP annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the results of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. Because of seasonal and other factors, results of operations for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending January 31, 2021.

The Company’s accounting policies are set forth in detail in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Such Annual Report also contains a discussion of the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates. The Company believes that these accounting policies and estimates affect its more significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. There have been no material changes to the Company’s accounting policies except as described below upon adoption of ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses.

Sale of Building

During the second quarter of fiscal 2020, the Company vacated its building located in Dublin, Ireland, and moved its operations into leased office space. The sale of the building was completed in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 for $1.5 million in proceeds.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Except as discussed below, there have been no recent changes in accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) or adopted by the Company during the nine months ended October 31, 2020, that are of significance, or potential significance, to the Company.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, that eliminates “Step 2” from the goodwill impairment test. QAD adopted the new standard on February 1, 2020, the first day of fiscal 2021. The new standard did not have an impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, which includes the Company's accounts receivables and contract assets. QAD adopted the new standard on February 1, 2020, the first day of fiscal 2021, using the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on QAD’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable is developed using historical collection experience, consideration of current and anticipated future economic conditions and other relevant data.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which aligns the accounting for implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the accounting for implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software under ASC 350-40, in order to determine which costs to capitalize and recognize as an asset and which costs to expense. The Company adopted the new standard on February 1, 2020, the first day of fiscal 2021. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on QAD’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2019, the FASB issued new guidance which is intended to simplify various aspects to accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 for recognizing deferred taxes for investments, performing an intraperiod allocation and calculating income taxes in interim periods. The amendment also clarifies and amends certain areas of existing guidance to reduce complexity and improve consistency in application of Topic 740. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for which financial statements have not yet been issued. Generally, the topics must be applied prospectively upon adoption, with the exception of certain topics which are required to be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The Company is evaluating the impact, if any, of adopting this new accounting guidance on its financial statements.

2.	REVENUE

QAD offers its software using the same underlying technology via two models: a traditional on-premises licensing model and a cloud-based subscription model. The on-premises model involves the license of software to customers who take possession of the software and install and maintain the software on their own hardware. Under the cloud-based subscription delivery model, QAD provides access to its software on a hosted basis as a service and customers generally do not have the contractual right to take possession of the software.

The Company generates revenue through sales of licenses and maintenance provided to its on-premises customers and through subscriptions of its cloud-based software. QAD offers professional services to both its on-premises and cloud customers to assist them with the design, testing and implementation of its software.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

	-	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer;
	-	Identification of the performance obligations in the contract;
	-	Determination of the transaction price;
	-	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
	-	Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

Revenue is presented net of sales, value-added and other taxes collected from customers and remitted to government authorities.

Performance Obligations

A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the customer and is the unit of account under Topic 606. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied by transferring the promised good or service to the customer. The Company identifies and tracks the performance obligations at contract inception so that the Company can monitor and account for the performance obligations over the life of the contract.

The Company’s contracts which contain multiple performance obligations generally consist of the initial purchase of subscription or licenses and a professional services engagement. License purchases generally have multiple performance obligations as customers purchase maintenance in addition to the licenses. The Company’s single performance obligation arrangements are typically maintenance renewals, subscription renewals and services engagements.

For contracts with multiple performance obligations where the contracted price differs from the standalone selling price (SSP) for any distinct good or service, the Company may be required to allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate for the SSP. SSP is assessed annually using a historical analysis of contracts with customers executed in the most recently completed fiscal year to determine the range of selling prices applicable to a distinct good or service.

Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable because the Company does not sell the license, product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. In making these judgments, the Company analyzes various factors, including its pricing methodology and consistency, size of the arrangement, length of term, customer demographics and overall market and economic conditions. Based on these results, the estimated SSP is set for each distinct product or service delivered to customers. The Company rarely sells licenses on a stand-alone basis, as the majority of its license sales to customers include first year maintenance with the license purchase. The Company frequently sells subscription, maintenance and services on a stand-alone basis.

Subscription

Subscription revenue is recognized ratably over the initial subscription period committed to by the customer commencing when the cloud environment is made available to the customer. The initial subscription period is typically 24 to 60 months. The Company generally invoices its customers in advance in quarterly or annual installments and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice. In addition, a majority of customers renew their subscription contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

License

Transfer of control for software is considered to have occurred upon electronic delivery of the license key that provides immediate availability of the product to the customer. The Company’s typical payment terms tend to vary by region but its standard payment terms are within 30-90 days of invoice.

Maintenance

Revenue from support services and product updates, referred to as maintenance revenue, is recognized ratably over the term of the maintenance period, which in most instances is one year. Software license updates provide customers with rights to unspecified software product updates, maintenance releases and patches released during the term of the support period on a when-and-if available basis. Product support includes Internet access to technical content, as well as Internet and telephone access to technical support personnel. The Company’s customers purchase both product support and license updates via the Company’s maintenance offering when they acquire new software licenses. In addition, a majority of customers renew their maintenance contracts annually and typical payment terms provide that customers make payment within 30 days of invoice.

Professional Services

Revenue from professional services is typically comprised of implementation, development, training or other consulting services. Consulting services are generally sold on a time-and-materials or fixed fee basis and can include services ranging from software installation to data conversion and building non-complex interfaces to allow the software to operate in integrated environments. The Company recognizes revenue for time-and-materials arrangements as the services are performed. In fixed fee arrangements, revenue is recognized as services are performed as measured by costs incurred to date, compared to total estimated costs to complete the services project. Management applies judgment when estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete the services projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization and efficiency variances, and specification and testing requirement changes. Services are generally invoiced upon milestones in the contract or upon consumption of the hourly resources and payments are typically due 30 days after invoice.

Indirect Sales Channels

The Company executes arrangements through indirect sales channels via sales agents and distributors who are authorized to market its software products to end users. In arrangements with sales agents, QAD contracts directly with the customer and sales agents are compensated on a commission basis. Distributor arrangements are those in which the resellers are authorized to market and distribute the Company’s software products to end users in specified territories and the distributor bears the risk of collection from the end user customer. The Company recognizes revenue from transactions with distributors when the distributor submits a signed agreement and transfer of control has occurred to the distributor in accordance with the five revenue recognition steps noted above. Revenue from distributor transactions is recorded on a net basis (the amount actually received by the Company from the distributor). QAD does not offer rights of return, product rotation or price protection to any of its distributors.

Disaggregated Revenue

The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers by geography and by the customers’ industry within manufacturing, as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Company’s revenue by geography is as follows:

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
North America	$	39,379	$	38,302	$	115,379	$	112,798
EMEA		23,334		22,233		67,281		66,860
Asia Pacific		9,682		11,776		28,895		35,413
Latin America		4,265		5,496		13,333		17,149
Total revenue	$	76,660	$	77,807	$	224,888	$	232,220

The Company’s revenue by industry is as follows:

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Automotive	$	24,852	$	28,071	$	71,264	$	84,105
Consumer products and food and beverage		12,466		11,244		37,756		35,351
High technology and industrial products		26,974		26,612		80,442		78,549
Life sciences and other		12,368		11,880		35,426		34,215
Total revenue	$	76,660	$	77,807	$	224,888	$	232,220

Management Judgments

Due to the complexity of certain contracts, the actual revenue recognition treatment required under Topic 606 for the Company’s arrangements may be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances.

Revenue is recognized over time for the Company’s subscription, maintenance and fixed fee professional services that are separate performance obligations. For the Company’s professional services, revenue is recognized over time, generally using costs incurred or hours expended to measure progress. Judgment is required in estimating project status and the costs necessary to complete projects. A number of internal and external factors can affect these estimates, including labor rates, utilization, specification variances and testing requirement changes.

If multiple agreements are entered into at or near the same time and so closely related that the agreements are, in effect, part of a single arrangement, such agreements are deemed to be combined as a single arrangement for revenue recognition purposes. The Company exercises judgment to evaluate the relevant facts and circumstances in determining whether multiple agreements should be accounted for separately or as a single arrangement. The Company’s judgments about whether multiple agreements comprise a single arrangement can affect the allocation of consideration to the distinct performance obligations, which could have an effect on results of operations for the periods involved.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of invoicing to customers and these timing differences result in receivables, contract assets, or contract liabilities (deferred revenue) on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. QAD records a contract asset when the Company has transferred goods or services but does not yet have the right to consideration. QAD records deferred revenue when the Company has received or has the right to receive consideration but has not yet transferred goods or services to the customer. The Company presents the contract asset and liability balance on a net basis at the contract level.

The contract assets indicated below are presented as other current and non-current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These assets primarily relate to professional services and subscription and consist of the Company’s rights to consideration for goods or services transferred but not billed as of October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights to consideration become unconditional, usually upon completion of a milestone.

The Company’s contract balances are as follows:

	October 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Contract assets, short-term (in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net”)	$	3,958	$	1,595
Contract assets, long-term (in “Other assets, net”)		91		214
Total contract assets	$	4,049	$	1,809
Deferred revenue, short-term	$	85,842	$	118,413
Deferred revenue, long-term (in “Other liabilities”)		2,304		2,811
Total deferred revenue	$	88,146	$	121,224

During the nine months ended October 31, 2020, the Company recognized $108.3 million of revenue that was included in the gross deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period. All other activity in deferred revenue is due to the timing of invoicing in relation to the timing of revenue recognition.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that are unsatisfied, or partially unsatisfied, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Contracted but unsatisfied performance obligations were approximately $269.2 million as of October 31, 2020, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately $152.7 million as revenue over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter. In instances where the timing of revenue recognition differs from the timing of invoicing, QAD has determined that its contracts generally do not include a significant financing component. The primary purpose of invoicing terms is to provide customers with simplified and predictable ways of purchasing the Company’s products and services, and not to facilitate financing arrangements.

Deferred Revenue

The Company typically invoices its customers for subscription and support fees in advance on a quarterly or annual basis, with payment due at the start of the subscription or support term. Unpaid invoice amounts for non-cancelable services starting in future periods are included in accounts receivable and deferred revenue. The portion of deferred revenue that QAD anticipates will be recognized after the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as non-current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as current deferred revenue.

Deferred revenues consisted of the following:

	October 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Deferred maintenance	$	42,259	$	69,650
Deferred subscription		41,105		45,702
Deferred professional services		2,393		2,705
Deferred license and other revenue		85		356
Deferred revenues, current		85,842		118,413
Deferred revenues, non-current (in “Other liabilities”)		2,304		2,811
Total deferred revenues	$	88,146	$	121,224

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

There are several practical expedients and exemptions allowed under Topic 606 that impact the timing of revenue recognition and the Company’s disclosures. Below is a list of the practical expedients applied by the Company:

●

The Company does not evaluate a contract for a significant financing component if payment is expected within one year or less from the transfer of the promised items to the customer.

●

The Company generally expenses sales commissions and sales agent fees when incurred when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded within sales and marketing expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

●

The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which it has the right to invoice for services performed (applies to time-and-material engagements).

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

The Company’s incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract consist of sales commissions and sales agent fees which are deferred and amortized ratably over the term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be five years. These deferred costs are classified as current or non-current based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize the expense. Incremental costs related to renewals are expensed as incurred because the term of economic benefit is one year or less. The current and non-current portions of deferred commissions are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net” and “Other assets, net”, respectively, in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the Company had $12.4 million and $12.3 million, respectively, of deferred commissions and sales agent fees. For the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020, $1.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions and sales agent fees was recorded in “Sales and marketing” expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). For the three and nine months ended October 31, 2019, $1.0 million and $2.9 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred commissions and sales agent fees was recorded in “Sales and marketing” expense in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Costs to fulfill a contract, which are incurred upon initiation of certain services contracts and are related to initial customer setup, are included in “Prepaid expenses and other current assets, net” and “Other assets, net” in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020 the Company had deferred setup costs of $1.4 million. These costs are amortized over the term of economic benefit which the Company has determined to be five years. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020, $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred setup costs was recorded in “Cost of subscription” in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2019, $0.1 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of amortization expense related to deferred setup costs were recorded in “Cost of subscription” in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Recoverability of these costs is subject to various business risks. Quarterly, the Company compares the carrying value of these assets with the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by them to determine if there is impairment. If impaired, these assets are reduced to an estimated fair value on a discounted cash flow basis. No impairment losses were recognized during the nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019.

3.	COMPUTATION OF NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	October 31,						October 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(in thousands, except per share data)						(in thousands, except per share data)
Net income (loss)	$	3,213		$	125		$	2,863		$	(16,359	)
Less: Dividends declared		(1,451	)		(1,426	)		(4,330	)		(4,187	)
Undistributed net income (loss)	$	1,762		$	(1,301	)	$	(1,467	)	$	(20,546	)

Net income (loss) per share – Class A Common Stock
Dividends declared	$	1,251		$	1,226		$	3,732		$	3,596
Allocation of undistributed net income (loss)		1,519			(1,119	)		(1,262	)		(17,641	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A common stock	$	2,770		$	107		$	2,470		$	(14,045	)

Weighted average shares of Class A common stock outstanding— basic		17,367			16,918			17,242			16,586
Weighted average potential shares of Class A common stock		497			877			595			—
Weighted average shares of Class A common stock and potential common shares outstanding— diluted		17,864			17,795			17,837			16,586

Basic net income (loss) per Class A common share	$	0.16		$	0.01		$	0.14		$	(0.85	)
Diluted net income (loss) per Class A common share	$	0.16		$	0.01		$	0.14		$	(0.85	)

Net income (loss) per share – Class B Common Stock
Dividends declared	$	200		$	200		$	598		$	591
Allocation of undistributed net income (loss)		243			(182	)		(205	)		(2,905	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class B common stock	$	443		$	18		$	393		$	(2,314	)

Weighted average shares of Class B common stock outstanding— basic		3,330			3,308			3,324			3,279
Weighted average potential shares of Class B common stock		57			90			65			—
Weighted average shares of Class B common stock and potential common shares outstanding— diluted		3,387			3,398			3,389			3,279

Basic net income (loss) per Class B common share	$	0.13		$	0.01		$	0.12		$	(0.71	)
Diluted net income (loss) per Class B common share	$	0.13		$	0.01		$	0.12		$	(0.71	)

Potential common shares consist of the shares issuable upon the release of restricted stock units (RSUs) and performance stock units (PSUs) and the exercise of stock appreciation rights (SARs). The Company’s unvested RSUs and PSUs, and unexercised SARs are not considered participating securities as they do not have rights to dividends or dividend equivalents prior to release or exercise.

The following table sets forth the number of potential common shares not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effects were anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	October 31,				October 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Class A		304		368		202		2,695
Class B		—		—		—		244

4.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

When determining fair value, the Company uses a three-tier value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. Whenever possible, the Company uses observable market data. The Company relies on unobservable inputs only when observable market data is not available. Classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular item to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, including the consideration of inputs specific to the asset or liability.

•

Level 1 – The assets are recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices.

•

Level 2 - The asset or liability related to the interest rate swap is recorded at fair value based upon a valuation model that uses relevant observable market inputs at quoted intervals, such as forward yield curves.

•

Level 3 - The asset or liability is recorded at fair value based upon significant unobservable inputs.

The following table sets forth the financial assets and liability, measured at fair value, as of October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020:

	Fair value measurement at reporting date using
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)			Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
As of October 31, 2020
Money market mutual funds	$	116,963
Certificates of deposit	$	8,060
Liability related to the interest rate swap			$	(381	)

As of January 31, 2020
Money market mutual funds	$	107,319
Certificates of deposit	$	14,917
Liability related to the interest rate swap			$	(232	)

Money market mutual funds and certificates of deposit are classified as part of “Cash and equivalents” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of cash and equivalents deposited with commercial banks was $18.4 million and $14.5 million at October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company’s note payable bears a variable market interest rate commensurate with the Company’s credit standing. Therefore, the carrying amount outstanding under the note payable reasonably approximates fair value based on Level 2 inputs.

There have been no transfers between fair value measurement levels during the nine months ended October 31, 2020.

Derivative Instruments

The Company entered into an interest rate swap in May 2012 to mitigate the exposure to the variability of one month LIBOR for its floating rate debt described in Note 7 “Debt” within these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The fair value of the interest rate swap is reflected as an asset or liability in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the change in fair value is reported in “Other expense (income), net” in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The fair value of the interest rate swap is estimated as the net present value of projected cash flows based upon forward interest rates at the balance sheet date.

The fair values of the derivative instrument at October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

	Liability
		Fair Value
	Balance Sheet Location	October 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
Derivative instrument:
Interest rate swap	Other liabilities	$	(381	)	$	(232	)
Total		$	(381	)	$	(232	)

The change in fair value of the interest rate swap recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) was $70,000 and $(149,000) for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020, respectively; compared to $(101,000) and $(352,000) for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2019, respectively.

5.	CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE COSTS

Capitalized software costs and accumulated amortization at October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020 were as follows:

	October 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Capitalized software costs:
Capitalized software development costs	$	3,618		$	3,356
Acquired software technology		135			135
		3,753			3,491
Less accumulated amortization		(1,624	)		(1,569	)
Capitalized software costs, net	$	2,129		$	1,922

The Company’s capitalized software development costs relate to translations and localizations of QAD Adaptive Applications. Acquired software technology costs relate to intellectual property purchased during fiscal 2019.

It is the Company’s policy to write off capitalized software development costs once fully amortized. Accordingly, during the first nine months of fiscal 2021, approximately $0.8 million of costs and accumulated amortization were removed from the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, related to capitalized software development costs which were fully amortized during the first nine months of fiscal 2021.

Amortization of capitalized software costs was $0.3 million and $0.9 million for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020, respectively; compared to $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2019, respectively. Amortization of capitalized software costs is included in “Cost of license” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss).

The following table summarizes the estimated amortization expense relating to the Company’s capitalized software costs as of October 31, 2020:

Fiscal Years	(in thousands)
2021 remaining	$	298
2022		1,000
2023		636
2024		195
Thereafter		-
	$	2,129

6.	GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the nine months ended October 31, 2020 were as follows:

	Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Impairment			Goodwill, Net
	(in thousands)
Balance at January 31, 2020	$	27,996		$	(15,608	)	$	12,388
Impact of foreign currency translation		(40	)		-			(40	)
Balance at October 31, 2020	$	27,956		$	(15,608	)	$	12,348

The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment review during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020. The analysis compared the Company’s market capitalization to its net assets as of the test date, November 30, 2019. As the market capitalization significantly exceeded the Company’s net assets, there was no indication of goodwill impairment for fiscal 2020. The Company monitors the indicators for goodwill impairment testing between annual tests. As a result of the decline in the global economy due to the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the Company reviewed goodwill for impairment in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and given that the Company's market capitalization has remained unchanged, there continue to be no indicators of goodwill impairment.

Intangible Assets

	October 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	1,291		$	1,379
Less accumulated amortization		(563	)		(394	)
Amortizable intangible assets, net	$	728		$	985

The Company’s intangible assets are related to the acquisitions completed in fiscal 2019. Intangible assets are included in “Other assets, net” in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and are amortized over an estimated five-year useful life.

Amortization of intangible assets from acquisitions was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019. The following table summarizes the estimated amortization expense relating to the Company’s intangible assets as of October 31, 2020:

Fiscal Years	(in thousands)
2021 remaining	$	65
2022		258
2023		258
2024		147
Thereafter		-
	$	728

DEBT

	October 31, 2020			January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Note payable	$	12,493		$	12,868
Less current maturities		(521	)		(503	)
Less loan origination costs, net		(17	)		(24	)
Long-term debt	$	11,955		$	12,341

Effective May 30, 2012, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC, a consolidated entity of QAD Inc., entered into a variable rate credit agreement (the 2012 Mortgage) with Mechanics Bank (formerly Rabobank, N.A.), to refinance a pre-existing mortgage. The 2012 Mortgage has an original principal balance of $16.1 million and bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. One month LIBOR was 0.15% at October 31, 2020. The 2012 Mortgage matures in June 2022 and is secured by the Company’s headquarters located in Santa Barbara, California. In conjunction with the 2012 Mortgage, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC entered into an interest rate swap with Mechanics Bank. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount of $16.1 million and a schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31% for the entire term of the 2012 Mortgage. The terms of the 2012 Mortgage provide for QAD Ortega Hill, LLC to make net monthly payments of $88,100 consisting of principal and interest and one final payment of $11.7 million when the loan matures on June 1, 2022. The unpaid balance as of October 31, 2020 was $12.5 million.

8.	ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes, were as follows:

	Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
	(in thousands)
Balance as of January 31, 2020	$	(8,345	)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications		(643	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss		-
Net current period other comprehensive loss		(643	)
Balance as of October 31, 2020	$	(8,988	)

During the nine months ended October 31, 2020 there were no reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss.

9.	INCOME TAXES

In determining the provision for income taxes for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, the Company calculated income tax expense based on the estimated annual tax rate for the year, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and prior year where the Company calculated income tax expense based on actual quarterly results. The annual effective tax rate was adjusted for discrete items recorded during the period. The estimated annual tax rate for the year was used in the current period because the Company is forecasting profits for the full fiscal year 2021. The prior year’s income tax expense was based on the actual effective tax rate since the Company was expecting near breakeven results.

The Company recorded income tax expense of $0.6 million and $1.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was 16% during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to 92% for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to $0.8 million of tax expense related to an out-of-period adjustment recorded in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 to correct a valuation allowance initially placed on the net deferred tax assets of the Company’s wholly-owned Irish subsidiary (the Irish Principal) in the second quarter of fiscal 2020.

The Company recorded income tax expense of $2.1 million and $12.0 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate was 42% during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to (275%) for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a $10.8 million valuation allowance that was placed on the Irish Principal’s net deferred tax assets in fiscal 2020.

On March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law. The CARES Act provides additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first nine months of fiscal year 2021, the Company’s income tax provision was not significantly impacted by the CARES Act. The Company will continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as any effects that may result from future legislation.

In July 2020, the U.S. Department of Treasury issued final tax regulations related to foreign-derived intangible income and global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) provisions. Also in July 2020, the U.S. Department of Treasury released final tax regulations that provide certain U.S. taxpayers with an annual election to exclude foreign income that is subject to a high effective tax rate from their GILTI inclusions. The Company is currently assessing the impact of these new regulations on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

When calculating QAD’s income tax expense for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, the Company considered the U.S. Tax Cuts and Job Act that was signed into law in December 2017. The Company calculated an estimate for GILTI in the Company’s tax expense based on the final GILTI regulations released on June 14, 2019 by the U.S. Department of Treasury. These regulations provide computational, definitional, and anti-avoidance rule guidance relating to the determination of a U.S. shareholder’s GILTI inclusion. In addition, the technical change in depreciation on qualified improvement property enacted in the CARES Act was also considered in the GILTI calculation. In the first nine months of fiscal 2021, cash taxes were not impacted by GILTI since the Company has enough tax credit to offset this liability.

The Company has elected to treat the deferred taxes related to GILTI provisions as a current-period expense when incurred (the period cost method).

At October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the gross amount of unrecognized tax benefits was $1.3 million and $1.2 million respectively, including interest and penalties. The unrecognized tax benefits for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020 were reduced by $1 million with an accompanying reduction of deferred tax assets, as a result of the netting required under ASU 2013-11. The entire amount of unrecognized tax benefits, if recognized, will impact the Company’s effective tax rate. This liability is classified as long-term unless the liability is expected to conclude within twelve months of the reporting date.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense. As of October 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company accrued approximately $0.1 million of interest and penalty expense relating to unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company reviews its net deferred tax assets by entity at each balance sheet date to determine whether a valuation allowance is necessary based on the more-likely-than-not standard. During the first nine months of fiscal year 2021 management considered all available evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance was needed. Management assessed the transfer pricing methodology, the historical profits, the economics of the country in which the entity operates, the impact of COVID-19, the current and future customer base, the type and character of the deferred tax asset and any other current and relevant information by entity to draw its conclusion.

A valuation allowance has been established for select foreign jurisdictions along with U.S. federal and state net deferred tax assets. The following table discloses the Company’s valuation allowance by entity (in millions):

Jurisdiction	October 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
U.S. federal and state	$	31.3	$	30.3
Ireland		11.6		11.6
Brazil		6.5		5.7
Germany		2.7		2.6
Hong Kong		0.6		0.6
South Africa		0.2		0.2
Total valuation allowance	$	52.9	$	51.0

At October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the worldwide valuation allowance attributable to deferred tax assets was $52.9 million and $51.0 million, respectively.

The Company files U.S. federal, state, and foreign tax returns that are subject to audit by various tax authorities. The Company is currently under audit in:

	●	India for fiscal years ended March 31, 2010, 2013 and 2018
	●	France for fiscal years ended January 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020

During the fiscal year 2021, the Company closed the following audits with no adjustment:

	●	Germany for fiscal years ended January 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017
	●	Thailand for fiscal year ended January 31, 2018
	●	Mexico for calendar years ended December 31, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018

10.

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Dividends

The following table sets forth the dividends that were declared by the Company during the first nine months of fiscal 2021:

Declaration Date	Record Date	Payable	Dividend Class A		Dividend Class B		Amount (in thousands)
9/9/2020	9/23/2020	9/30/2020	$	0.072	$	0.06	$	1,451
6/11/2020	6/25/2020	7/7/2020	$	0.072	$	0.06	$	1,448
4/7/2020	4/22/2020	4/29/2020	$	0.072	$	0.06	$	1,431

11.

STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company’s equity awards consist of RSUs, PSUs and SARs. For a description of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans, see Note 6 “Stock-Based Compensation” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020.

Stock-Based Compensation

The following table sets forth reported stock-based compensation expense for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Cost of subscription	$	156	$	84	$	402	$	226
Cost of maintenance		125		143		354		396
Cost of professional services		449		404		1,198		1,085
Sales and marketing		792		607		2,020		1,562
Research and development		607		492		1,618		1,360
General and administrative		1,641		1,174		4,534		3,767
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,770	$	2,904	$	10,126	$	8,396

RSU Information

The estimated fair value of RSUs was calculated based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, reduced by the present value of dividends foregone during the vesting period.

The following table summarizes the activity for RSUs for the nine months ended October 31, 2020:

	RSUs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Restricted stock at January 31, 2020		627		$	39.86
Granted		343			40.28
Released (1)		(248	)		35.69
Forfeited		(19	)		41.67
Restricted stock at October 31, 2020		703		$	41.49

(1)

The number of RSUs released includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.

The Company withholds a portion of the released shares as consideration for the Company’s payment of applicable employee income taxes. During the three months ended October 31, 2020, the Company withheld 200 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $9,000. During the nine months ended October 31, 2020, the Company withheld 76,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $3.2 million.

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to RSUs was approximately $24.8 million as of October 31, 2020. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.8 years.

PSU Information

The following table summarizes the activity for PSUs for the nine months ended October 31, 2020:

	PSUs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Performance stock units at January 31, 2020		90		$	39.82
Granted		93			40.54
Released (1)		(21	)		39.82
Forfeited		(9	)		39.82
Performance stock units at October 31, 2020		153		$	40.26

(1)

The number of PSUs released includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy the minimum statutory tax withholding requirements.

The Company withholds a portion of the released shares as consideration for the Company’s payment of applicable employee income taxes. During the three months ended October 31, 2020, the Company did not withhold shares for payment of these taxes as there were no shares released during the quarter. During the nine months ended October 31, 2020, the Company withheld 8,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $0.3 million.

Total unrecognized compensation cost related to PSUs was approximately $2.8 million as of October 31, 2020. This cost is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 1.2 years.

SAR Information

The following table summarizes the activity for outstanding SARs for the nine months ended October 31, 2020:

	SARs (in thousands)			Weighted Average Exercise Price per Share		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding at January 31, 2020		1,349		$	24.86
Granted		-			-
Exercised		(202	)		12.92
Expired		-			-
Forfeited		-			-
Outstanding at October 31, 2020		1,147		$	26.98		3.1	$	17,897
Vested and exercisable at October 31, 2020		1,004		$	24.25		2.8	$	17,413

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pretax intrinsic value (the aggregate difference between the closing stock price of the Company’s common stock based on the last trading day as of October 31, 2020, and the exercise price for in-the-money SARs) that would have been received by the holders if all SARs had been exercised on October 31, 2020. The total intrinsic value of SARs exercised in the nine months ended October 31, 2020 was $6.0 million.

The number of SARs exercised includes shares withheld on behalf of employees to satisfy minimum statutory tax withholding requirements. During the three months ended October 31, 2020, the Company withheld 400 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $15,000. During the nine months ended October 31, 2020, the Company withheld 57,000 shares for payment of these taxes at a value of $2.4 million.

At October 31, 2020, there was approximately $1.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested SARs. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.4 years.

12.

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Indemnifications

The Company sells software licenses and services to its customers under written agreements. Each agreement contains the relevant terms of the contractual arrangement with the customer and generally includes certain provisions for indemnifying the customer against losses, expenses and liabilities from damages that may be awarded against the customer in the event the Company’s software is found to infringe upon certain intellectual property rights of a third party. The agreements generally limit the scope of and remedies for such indemnification obligations in a variety of industry-standard respects.

The Company believes its internal development processes and other policies and practices limit its exposure related to the indemnification provisions of the agreements. For several reasons, including the lack of prior indemnification claims and the lack of a monetary liability limit for certain infringement cases under the agreements, the Company cannot determine the maximum amount of potential future payments, if any, related to such indemnification provisions.

Legal Actions

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

13.

BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company markets its products and services worldwide, primarily to companies in the manufacturing industry, including automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial products and life sciences industries. The Company sells products and services through its direct sales force in four geographic regions: North America; Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA); Asia Pacific; and Latin America and through distributors where third parties can extend sales reach more effectively or efficiently. The North America region includes the United States and Canada. The EMEA region includes Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The Asia Pacific region includes Asia and Australia. The Latin America region includes South America, Central America and Mexico. In accordance with Topic 606, the Company reports disaggregated revenue by geography and by industry as the Company believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The Company does not consider reporting by industry an operating segment in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting, because discrete financial information by industry is not available. The Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker, the Chief Executive Officer, reviews the consolidated results within one operating segment.

Subscription, license and maintenance revenues are generally assigned to the region where a majority of end users are located. Professional services revenue is assigned based on the region where the services are delivered.

	Three Months Ended October 31,				Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Revenue:
North America (1)	$	39,379	$	38,302	$	115,379	$	112,798
EMEA		23,334		22,233		67,281		66,860
Asia Pacific		9,682		11,776		28,895		35,413
Latin America		4,265		5,496		13,333		17,149
	$	76,660	$	77,807	$	224,888	$	232,220

(1)

Sales into Canada accounted for 3% and 2% of North America total revenue in the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020, respectively and for 2% of North America total revenue in the three and nine months ended October 31, 2019.

ITEM 2 – MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

In addition to historical information, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact should be construed as forward looking statements, including statements that are preceded or accompanied by such words as “may,” “believe,” “could,” “anticipate,” “projects,” “estimates,” “will likely result,” “should,” “would,” “might,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend” and words of similar meaning or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions regarding its business, the economy and future conditions. A number of risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A entitled “Risk Factors” within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions, expectations and projections only as of the date hereof and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about our business. We undertake no obligation to revise or update or publicly release the results of any revision or update to these forward-looking statements except as required by applicable securities laws. Readers should carefully review the risk factors and other information described in other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

INTRODUCTION

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information included within our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020, and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared applying certain critical accounting policies. The SEC defines “critical accounting policies” as those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. Critical accounting policies require numerous estimates and strategic or economic assumptions that may prove inaccurate or subject to variations and may significantly affect our reported results and financial position for the period or in future periods. Changes in underlying factors, assumptions, or estimates in any of these areas could have a material impact on our future financial condition and results of operations. Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and they conform to general practices in our industry. We apply critical accounting policies consistently from period to period and intend that any change in methodology occur in an appropriate manner. Accounting policies currently deemed critical, including a) revenue and b) income taxes, are further discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020. There have been no significant changes to our accounting policies and estimates as discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, except as described in Note 1 “Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements” within the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

QAD (QAD, the Company, we or us) is a leader in cloud-based enterprise software solutions for global manufacturing companies. Our solutions, called QAD Adaptive Applications, are designed specifically for automotive, life sciences, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology and industrial products manufacturers. QAD software offers a full set of core manufacturing enterprise resource planning and supply chain planning capabilities. Our architecture, called the QAD Enterprise Platform, allows manufacturers to upgrade existing functionality by module, and extend or create new applications, providing manufacturers with the flexibility they need to innovate and rapidly adapt to change.

We have four principal sources of revenue:

•

Subscription of QAD Adaptive Applications through our cloud offering in a Software as a Service (SaaS) model as well as other hosted applications;

•

License purchases of QAD Adaptive Applications;

•

Maintenance and support, including technical support, training materials, product enhancements and upgrades; and

•

Professional services, including implementations, technical and application consulting, training, migrations and upgrades.

We operate primarily in the following four geographic regions: North America, Latin America, EMEA and Asia Pacific. In the first nine months of fiscal 2021, approximately 51% of our total revenue was generated in North America, 30% in EMEA, 13% in Asia Pacific and 6% in Latin America. The majority of our revenue is generated from global customers who have operations in multiple countries throughout the world. A significant portion of our revenue and expenses are derived from international operations which are primarily conducted in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. dollar have impacted our results of operations and may impact our future results of operations. At October 31, 2020, we employed approximately 1,902 employees worldwide, of which 623 employees were based in North America, 602 employees in EMEA, 567 employees in Asia Pacific and 110 employees in Latin America.

Our customer base and our target markets are primarily global manufacturing companies. Therefore, our results are heavily influenced by the state of the global manufacturing economy. As a result, our management team monitors several economic indicators, with particular attention to the Global and Country Purchasing Managers’ Indexes (PMI). The PMI is a survey conducted on a monthly basis by polling businesses that represent the makeup of respective sectors. Since most of our customers are manufacturers, our revenue has historically correlated with fluctuations in the manufacturing PMI. Global macro-economic trends and manufacturing spending are important barometers for our business, and the health of the U.S., Western European and Asian economies have a meaningful impact on our financial results.

We are transitioning our business model from traditional on-premises licensing to cloud-based subscriptions. During the first nine months of fiscal 2021, we closed virtually all of our new customer deals in the cloud. On a rolling 12-month basis, subscription billings grew by 22% with a three-year compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23%. Recurring revenue, which we define as subscription revenue plus maintenance revenue, equaled 79% of total revenue for the fiscal 2021 third quarter, a six-percentage point increase over 73% of total revenue for the same period last year. By reducing our customers’ up-front costs and providing QAD Adaptive Applications with continuous application and infrastructure support in secure and resilient environments, we expect our cloud business model will be more attractive than on-premises licenses. We expect recurring revenue to remain a majority of total revenue as our subscription revenue continues to grow.

The COVID-19 global pandemic has impacted our operations during the first nine months of fiscal 2021. Our priorities are the health and well-being of our employees, our customers and their respective families and communities as well as ensuring complete continuity of service for our cloud and on-premises customers and those customers with implementation or upgrade projects. For the first nine months of fiscal 2021, subscription and maintenance revenue have generally performed as expected given the revenue is recurring in nature. While we see some impact to subscription and maintenance revenue, our retention rates continue to be in excess of 90% for both subscription and maintenance. However, some of our subscription and maintenance customers have been negatively impacted by the pandemic and have cancelled or reduced their contracts. License fees and professional services revenue have been negatively impacted by the global pandemic as some existing customers are not adding users or modules and some of our customers have postponed or extended their services project go live dates. We implemented prudent expense management measures during the first nine months of the year to offset the negative impact of lower license fees and professional services revenue. The increasing contribution from higher margin subscription revenue, improved services margins and expense control actions we have implemented helped drive an improvement in our profitability in the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the same period in the prior year. As a result, we reported a pre-tax profit of $4.9 million for the first nine months of the year. These expense management measures allow us to maintain a solid financial position which gives us the ability to continue to adapt to changes due to COVID-19.

Our customers are global manufacturers and the closure of manufacturing sites, country borders and the increase in unemployment due to the COVID-19 global pandemic are having and will continue to have negative implications on demand for goods, the supply chain, production of goods and transportation. Furthermore, the future impact to our manufacturing customers depends on the duration and spread of the virus. The negative impact on our manufacturing customers has caused some of them to delay purchasing decisions, postpone services projects, reduce users or modules, cancel their maintenance or subscription contracts, request extended payment terms, or request higher discounts. We expect COVID-19 will have a negative impact on our financial results and liquidity in fiscal 2021. While the effects of the pandemic in the short to medium term remain uncertain, our business has a strong cash position with little debt and cash flow remains positive. For these reasons, we believe our financial position is solid and our long term strategy is sound.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

We operate in several geographical regions as described in Note 13 “Business Segment Information” within the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In order to present our results of operations without the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, we provide certain financial information on a “constant currency basis”, which is in addition to the actual financial information presented in the following tables. In order to calculate our constant currency results, we apply the current foreign currency exchange rates to the prior period results.

Revenue

	Three Months Ended October 31,			Three Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency		Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations		$			%
(in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription	$	33,761		$	27,328		$	6,209		$	224	$	6,433			24	%
Percentage of total revenue		44	%		35	%
License		1,682			3,295			(1,676	)		63		(1,613	)		-49	%
Percentage of total revenue		2	%		4	%
Maintenance		27,028			29,699			(2,997	)		326		(2,671	)		-9	%
Percentage of total revenue		35	%		38	%
Professional services		14,189			17,485			(3,392	)		96		(3,296	)		-19	%
Percentage of total revenue		19	%		23	%
Total revenue	$	76,660		$	77,807		$	(1,856	)	$	709	$	(1,147	)		-1	%

	Nine Months Ended October 31,			Nine Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency			Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations			$			%
(in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription	$	95,598		$	78,522		$	17,787		$	(711	)	$	17,076			22	%
Percentage of total revenue		43	%		34	%
License		5,946			11,277			(5,203	)		(128	)		(5,331	)		-47	%
Percentage of total revenue		3	%		5	%
Maintenance		79,922			89,184			(8,349	)		(913	)		(9,262	)		-10	%
Percentage of total revenue		35	%		38	%
Professional services		43,422			53,237			(8,880	)		(935	)		(9,815	)		-18	%
Percentage of total revenue		19	%		23	%
Total revenue	$	224,888		$	232,220		$	(4,645	)	$	(2,687	)	$	(7,332	)		-3	%

Total Revenue. On a constant currency basis, total revenue was $76.7 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $1.8 million, or 2%, decrease from $78.5 million for the same period last year. When comparing categories within total revenue at constant rates, our results for the third quarter of fiscal 2021 included decreases in professional services, license and maintenance partially offset by an increase in subscription. Revenue outside the North America region as a percentage of total revenue was 49% and 51% for the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. On a constant currency basis, total revenue decreased in our EMEA and Asia Pacific regions, remained constant in our Latin America region, and increased in our North America region during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 when compared to the same period in the prior year.

On a constant currency basis, total revenue was $224.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $4.6 million, or 2%, decrease from $229.5 million for the same period last year. When comparing categories within total revenue at constant currency rates, our results for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 when compared to the prior year included decreases in professional services, license and maintenance partially offset by an increase in subscription. Revenue outside the North America region as a percentage of total revenue was 49% and 51% for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. On a constant currency basis, total revenue decreased in our Asia Pacific region and increased in our North America, Latin America, and EMEA regions during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 when compared to the prior year.

Our services are sold to manufacturing companies that operate mainly in the following six industries: automotive, consumer products, food and beverage, high technology, industrial products and life sciences. Given the similarities between consumer products and food and beverage as well as between high technology and industrial products, we aggregate them for management review. The following table presents revenue by industry for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Automotive		33	%		36	%		31	%		36	%
Consumer products and food and beverage		16	%		15	%		17	%		15	%
High technology and industrial products		35	%		34	%		36	%		34	%
Life sciences and other		16	%		15	%		16	%		15	%
Total revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

The decrease in percentage of revenue by industry for automotive in the third quarter and the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the same periods last year primarily relates to lower professional services revenue. The prior year periods included several large services implementation projects in the automotive industry. Conversely, the percentage increase for high technology and industrial products primarily related to an increase in professional services revenue due to an on-going large, multisite global implementation project for an industrial products customer.

Subscription Revenue. Subscription revenue consists of recurring fees from customers to access our products via the cloud and other subscription offerings. Our cloud offerings typically include access to QAD software, hosting, application support, maintenance support and product updates, if and when available. Included in subscription revenue are one-time set up fees for technical services such as configuration of the database and access to the environment.

On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue was $33.8 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $6.2 million, or 22%, increase from $27.6 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue increased across all regions during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 when compared to the same period last year. One of the metrics that management uses to monitor subscription performance is the number of new cloud deals that have been signed in the period. In the third quarter of fiscal 2021 we closed 22 new cloud deals, including 9 new cloud customers and 13 conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses. This compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 when we closed 25 new cloud deals, including 14 new cloud customers and 11 conversions from existing customers who previously were running our solutions on-premises. The increase in subscription revenue consists of new customer sites, existing customers converting from on-premises, and additional users and modules purchased by our existing cloud customers.

On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue was $95.6 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $17.8 million, or 23%, increase from $77.8 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, subscription revenue increased across all regions during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 when compared to the prior year. In the first nine months of fiscal 2021 we closed 57 new cloud deals, including 28 new cloud customers and 29 conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses. This compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 when we closed 64 new cloud deals, including 32 new cloud customers and 32 conversions from existing customers who previously purchased on-premises licenses.

We track our retention rate of subscription by calculating the annualized revenue of customer sites with contracts up for renewal at the beginning of the period compared to the annualized revenue associated with the customer sites that have canceled during the period. The percentage of revenue not canceled is our retention rate. Our subscription customer retention rate is in excess of 90%.

The following table presents subscription revenue by region for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
North America		59	%		57	%		58	%		56	%
EMEA		27	%		26	%		27	%		26	%
Asia Pacific		9	%		11	%		10	%		11	%
Latin America		5	%		6	%		5	%		7	%
Total subscription revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

The following table presents subscription revenue by industry for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months ended October 31,						Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Automotive		36	%		38	%		35	%		36	%
Consumer products and food and beverage		14	%		15	%		15	%		16	%
High technology and industrial products		27	%		25	%		28	%		26	%
Life sciences and other		23	%		22	%		22	%		22	%
Total subscription revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%

License Revenue. License revenue is derived from software license fees that customers pay for our core product, QAD Adaptive Applications, and any add-on modules they purchase. Our revenue mix has continued to shift from license to subscription revenue as a result of our business model transition as more new customers subscribe to our cloud-based offerings rather than purchase traditional on-premises licenses. While we expect license revenue to decline over time, we do continue to experience quarterly fluctuations.

On a constant currency basis, license revenue was $1.7 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $1.7 million, or 50%, decrease from $3.4 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, license revenue decreased across all regions during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 when compared to the same period last year. During the third quarter of fiscal 2021, three customers placed license orders totaling more than $0.1 million and no customers placed orders totaling more than $1.0 million. This compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 in which seven customers placed license orders totaling more than $0.1 million and no customers placed orders totaling more than $1.0 million. The majority of our license revenue has come from additional users and module purchases from our existing customers.

On a constant currency basis, license revenue was $5.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $5.2 million, or 47%, decrease from $11.1 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, license revenue decreased in all our regions during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 when compared to the same period last year. During the first nine months of fiscal 2021, six customers placed license orders totaling more than $0.1 million, one of which exceeded $1.0 million. This compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 in which 17 customers placed license orders totaling more than $0.1 million, one of which exceeded $1.0 million.

Maintenance. We offer support services 24 hours a day, seven days a week in addition to providing software upgrades, which include additional or improved functionality, when and if available. Maintenance revenue is derived from our on-premises customers who have purchased licenses and would like to receive support services and software upgrades. Our maintenance contracts are generally renewed on an annual basis.

On a constant currency basis, maintenance revenue was $27.0 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $3.0 million, or 10%, decrease from $30.0 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, maintenance revenue decreased in all our regions during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 when compared to the same period last year. The decrease in maintenance revenue period over period is primarily due to customer cancellations and continued conversions of existing customers’ on-premises licenses to cloud subscriptions. When customers convert to the cloud they no longer pay for maintenance as those support services are included as a component of the subscription offering. Though we continue to see renewal rates above 90%, some of our customers have been impacted by the pandemic and therefore, we have seen some increase in maintenance cancellations or maintenance revenue reductions.

We track our maintenance retention rate by calculating the annualized revenue of customer sites with contracts up for renewal at the beginning of the period compared to the annualized revenue associated with the customer sites that have canceled during the period. The percentage of revenue not canceled is our retention rate. Conversions to the cloud are not considered cancellations for purposes of this calculation. Our maintenance retention rate has remained in excess of 90%.

On a constant currency basis, maintenance revenue was $79.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $8.4 million, or 10%, decrease from $88.3 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, maintenance revenue decreased in our North America, EMEA, and Asia Pacific regions, and increased in our Latin America region during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 when compared to the prior year. The decrease in maintenance and other revenue period over period is primarily due to customer cancellations and conversions to the cloud.

Professional Services Revenue. Our professional services business includes technical and application consulting in addition to training, implementations, migrations and upgrades related to our solutions. Although our professional services are optional, our customers use these services when planning, implementing or upgrading our solutions whether in the cloud or on-premises. Professional services revenue growth is contingent upon subscription revenue growth and customer upgrade cycles, which are influenced by the strength of general economic and business conditions.

On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue was $14.2 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $3.4 million, or 19%, decrease from $17.6 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue decreased across all regions during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 when compared to the same period last year. The decrease primarily related to a reduction in professional services revenue following the completion of a large, multisite global implementation project in fiscal 2020. In addition, the decrease in professional services revenue can be attributed to fewer engagements and a lower amount of professional services revenue per customer. We continue to see delays or elongation of projects due to the global pandemic. In addition, our strategy is to outsource more professional services to our partners in order to have a large global partner network to meet our growth goals and customer demand.

On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue was $43.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $8.9 million, or 17%, decrease from $52.3 million for the same period last year. On a constant currency basis, professional services revenue decreased in all regions during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 when compared to the prior year. The decrease primarily related to a reduction in professional services revenue following the completion of a large, multisite global implementation project in fiscal 2020. In addition, the decrease related to fewer engagements and a lower amount of professional services revenue per customer.

Total Cost of Revenue

	Three Months Ended October 31,			Three Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency			Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations			$			%
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Cost of subscription	$	10,716		$	9,540		$	(1,149	)	$	(27	)	$	(1,176	)		-12	%
Cost of license		441			510			69			-			69			14	%
Cost of maintenance		6,267			7,291			998			26			1,024			14	%
Cost of professional services		13,231			16,376			3,280			(135	)		3,145			19	%
Total cost of revenue	$	30,655		$	33,717		$	3,198		$	(136	)	$	3,062			9	%
Percentage of revenue		40	%		43	%

	Nine Months Ended October 31,			Nine Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency		Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations		$			%
(in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Cost of subscription	$	31,803		$	28,860		$	(3,039	)	$	96	$	(2,943	)		-10	%
Cost of license		1,407			1,655			241			7		248			15	%
Cost of maintenance		19,424			22,353			2,589			340		2,929			13	%
Cost of professional services		41,269			53,815			11,686			860		12,546			23	%
Total cost of revenue	$	93,903		$	106,683		$	11,477		$	1,303	$	12,780			12	%
Percentage of revenue		42	%		46	%

Total cost of revenue consists of cost of subscription, cost of license, cost of maintenance and cost of professional services. Cost of subscription includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and other personnel expenses of our cloud operations employees, stock-based compensation for those employees, hosting and hardware costs, third-party contractor expense, royalties, professional fees, travel expense, and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs. Cost of license includes license royalties and amortization of capitalized software costs. Cost of maintenance includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and other personnel expenses of our support group, stock-based compensation for those employees, travel expenses, professional fees and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs. Cost of professional services includes salaries, benefits, bonuses and other personnel expenses of our services employees, stock-based compensation for those employees, third-party contractor expense, travel expense and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

On a constant currency basis, total cost of revenue was $30.7 million and $33.9 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively, and as a percentage of total revenue was 40% and 43% in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The non-currency related decrease in cost of revenue of $3.2 million, or 9%, in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower professional services salaries and related costs and lower services travel costs due to the pandemic partially offset by higher hosting costs associated with the increase in subscription revenue and higher subscription salaries and related costs. Headcount decreased 85 people within services and increased 22 people within cloud operations when comparing the headcount at October 31, 2020 to October 31, 2019.

On a constant currency basis, total cost of revenue was $93.9 million and $105.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively, and as a percentage of total revenue was 42% and 46% for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The non-currency related decrease in cost of revenue of $11.5 million, or 11%, for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower professional services salaries and related costs and lower travel costs partially offset by higher hosting costs associated with the increase in subscription revenue and higher subscription salaries and related costs.

Cost of Subscription. On a constant currency basis, cost of subscription was $10.7 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $1.1 million, or 11%, increase from $9.6 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in cost of subscription of $1.1 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to higher hosting costs of $0.5 million and higher salaries and related costs of $0.4 million. Cost of subscription as a percentage of subscription revenue was 32% and 35% in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. We continue to focus on improving our subscription margins over time by leveraging ongoing economies of scale and implementing operational efficiencies. We have experienced and may experience in the future quarterly fluctuations in our subscription margins as we make investments in our data centers and cloud operations to support future growth. Our strategic investments in cloud growth may not match the timing of revenue increases.

On a constant currency basis, cost of subscription was $31.8 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $3.0 million, or 10%, increase from $28.8 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in cost of subscription of $3.0 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to higher hosting costs of $1.5 million, higher salaries and related costs of $1.1 million, higher bonuses of $0.2 million and a higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 million. Cost of subscription as a percentage of subscription revenue was 33% and 37% for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Cost of License. On a constant currency basis, cost of license was $0.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $0.1 million, or 20% decrease from $0.5 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of license of $0.1 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was due to lower license royalty expense of $0.1 million. License royalty expense as a percent of license revenue remained relatively consistent year over year.

On a constant currency basis, cost of license was $1.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $0.2 million, or 13% decrease from $1.6 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of license of $0.2 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was due to lower license royalty expense of $0.4 million partially offset by higher amortization of capitalized software costs of $0.2 million. License royalty expense as a percent of license revenue remained relatively consistent year over year.

Cost of Maintenance. On a constant currency basis, cost of maintenance was $6.3 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $1.0 million, or 14%, decrease from $7.3 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of maintenance of $1.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower salaries and related costs of $0.4 million, as a result of lower headcount of 14 people, lower maintenance royalties of $0.3 million and a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 million. Cost of maintenance as a percentage of maintenance revenue was 23% and 25% in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

On a constant currency basis, cost of maintenance was $19.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $2.6 million, or 12%, decrease from $22.0 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of maintenance of $2.6 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower salaries and related costs of $1.4 million, lower maintenance royalties of $0.6 million and a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.5 million. Cost of maintenance as a percentage of maintenance revenue was 24% and 25% for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Cost of Professional Services. On a constant currency basis, cost of professional services was $13.2 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $3.3 million, or 20%, decrease from $16.5 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of professional services of $3.3 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower salaries and related costs of $1.6 million, as a result of lower headcount of 85 people, lower travel expenses of $1.1 million, a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.5 million and lower bonuses of $0.4 million partially offset by higher cross charges from other departments of $0.3 million. Cost of professional services as a percentage of professional services revenues was 93% and 94% for the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our professional services strategy has been to grow our partner network, perform more services via third party consultants and perform more services remotely. As a result, we have reduced headcount year over year.

On a constant currency basis, cost of professional services was $41.3 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing an $11.7 million, or 22%, decrease from $53.0 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in cost of professional services of $11.7 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower salaries and related costs of $5.7 million, lower travel expenses of $3.2 million, lower bonuses of $1.1 million, a lower allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $1.1 million, lower severance of $0.3 million and lower third-party contractor costs of $0.3 million. Cost of professional services as a percentage of professional services revenues was 95% and 101% for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our professional services strategy has been to grow our partner network, perform more services via third party consultants and perform more services remotely. As a result, we have reduced headcount year over year.

Sales and Marketing

	Three Months Ended October 31,			Three Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant		Change due to Currency			Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency		Fluctuations			$		%
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	17,415		$	19,771		$	2,632	$	(276	)	$	2,356		12	%
Percentage of revenue		23	%		25	%

	Nine Months Ended October 31,			Nine Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant		Change due to Currency		Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency		Fluctuations		$		%
(in thousands)
Sales and marketing	$	53,392		$	60,853		$	7,104	$	357	$	7,461		12	%
Percentage of revenue		24	%		26	%

Sales and marketing expense includes salaries, benefits, commissions, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel expense and other personnel costs of our sales and marketing employees in addition to costs of programs aimed at increasing revenue, such as trade shows, user group events, lead generation, advertising and various sales and promotional programs. Sales and marketing expense also includes sales agent fees and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

On a constant currency basis, sales and marketing expense was $17.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $2.6 million, or 13%, decrease from $20.0 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in sales and marketing expense of $2.6 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower travel expenses of $1.6 million, lower severance of $0.6 million, lower cross charges from other departments of $0.3 million, and lower sales agent fees of $0.3 million, partially offset by higher commissions of $0.3 million and higher stock-based compensation of $0.2 million.

On a constant currency basis, sales and marketing expense was $53.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $7.1 million, or 12%, decrease from $60.5 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related decrease in sales and marketing expense of $7.1 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to lower travel expenses of $4.1 million, lower severance of $1.3 million, lower bonuses of $0.7 million, lower customer conference costs of $0.7 million, lower professional fees of $0.4 million and lower marketing of $0.3 million partially offset by higher salaries and related costs of $0.5 million and higher stock-based compensation of $0.4 million. The global pandemic resulted in savings from a significant reduction in travel and the cancellation of QAD’s Explore annual customer conference in the second quarter of fiscal year 2021.

Research and Development

	Three Months Ended October 31,			Three Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency			Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations			$			%
(in thousands)
Research and development	$	14,177		$	13,622		$	(330	)	$	(225	)	$	(555	)		-4	%
Percentage of revenue		19	%		18	%

	Nine Months Ended October 31,			Nine Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency		Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations		$		%
(in thousands)
Research and development	$	41,355		$	41,479		$	(50	)	$	174	$	124		0	%
Percentage of revenue		18	%		18	%

Research and development is expensed as incurred and consists primarily of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel expense and other personnel costs for research and development employees in addition to professional services, such as fees paid to software development firms and independent contractors. Research and development expense includes an allocation of information technology and facilities costs, and is reduced by capitalized localization and translation costs.

On a constant currency basis, research and development expense was $14.2 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $0.4 million, or 3%, increase from $13.8 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in research and development expense of $0.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to higher salaries and related costs of $0.4 million partially offset by lower severance of $0.3 million.

On a constant currency basis, research and development expense was $41.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $0.1 million, or less than 1%, increase from $41.3 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in research and development expense of $0.1 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to higher salaries and related costs of $1.0 million as a result of higher headcount of 33 people, higher bonuses of $0.2 million, a higher allocation of information technology and facilities costs of $0.2 million and higher stock-based compensation of $0.2 million partially offset by a payroll tax credit of $0.5 million, lower travel expenses of $0.5 million and lower third-party contractor costs of $0.2 million.

General and Administrative

	Three Months Ended October 31,			Three Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency			Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations			$			%
(in thousands)
General and administrative	$	10,281		$	9,234		$	(1,015	)	$	(32	)	$	(1,047	)		-11	%
Percentage of revenue		13	%		12	%

	Nine Months Ended October 31,			Nine Months Ended October 31,			Change in Constant			Change due to Currency		Total Change as Reported
	2020			2019			Currency			Fluctuations		$			%
(in thousands)
General and administrative	$	30,597		$	29,044		$	(1,771	)	$	218	$	(1,553	)		-5	%
Percentage of revenue		14	%		13	%

General and administrative expense includes salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation, travel expense and other personnel costs related to our finance, human resources, legal and executive personnel. General and administrative expense also includes personnel costs of order processing, professional fees for accounting and legal services, bad debt expense and an allocation of information technology and facilities costs.

On a constant currency basis, general and administrative expense was $10.3 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021, representing a $1.0 million, or 11% increase from $9.3 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in general and administrative expense of $1.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to higher stock-based compensation of $0.5 million, higher professional fees of $0.3 million and higher salaries and related costs of $0.3 million.

On a constant currency basis, general and administrative expense was $30.6 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, representing a $1.8 million, or 6% increase from $28.8 million for the same period last year. The non-currency related increase in general and administrative expense of $1.8 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to the first nine months of fiscal 2020 was primarily due to higher stock-based compensation of $0.8 million, higher bad debt expense of $0.4 million, higher salaries and related costs of $0.4 million, higher professional fees of $0.3 million and higher bonuses of $0.2 million partially offset by lower travel of $0.4 million. The Company increased its bad debt reserve to provide for the global economic downturn associated with COVID-19.

Amortization of Intangibles from Acquisitions

Amortization of intangibles from acquisitions was $65,000 and $194,000 in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2021, respectively; compared to $67,000 and $200,000 in the third quarter and first nine months of fiscal 2020, respectively. Amortization expense for fiscal 2021 and 2020 was due to the intangible assets acquired during fiscal 2019.

Total Other Expense (Income)

	Three Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Three Months Ended
	October 31, 2020				$		%			October 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Interest income	$	(108	)	$	587			84	%	$	(695	)
Interest expense		142			(34	)		-19	%		176
Other expense (income), net		194			(192	)		-50	%		386
Total other expense (income), net	$	228		$	361			271	%	$	(133	)
Percentage of revenue		0	%								0	%

	Nine Months Ended			Increase (Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Nine Months Ended
	October 31, 2020				$		%			October 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Interest income	$	(757	)	$	1,451			66	%	$	(2,208	)
Interest expense		447			(30	)		-6	%		477
Other expense, net		833			773			1,288	%		60
Total other expense (income), net	$	523		$	2,194			131	%	$	(1,671	)
Percentage of revenue		0	%								-1	%

Total other expense (income), net was $0.2 million and $(0.1) million for the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively. The change in net other expense (income) was primarily related to lower interest income of $0.6 million partially offset by the favorable change in fair value of the credit swap of $0.2 million. Interest rates have declined substantially resulting in lower interest income earned on our cash and equivalents.

Total other expense (income), net was $0.5 million and $(1.7) million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and fiscal 2020, respectively. The change in net other expense (income) was primarily related to lower interest income of $1.5 million and higher foreign exchange losses of $0.9 million partially offset by the favorable change in fair value of the credit swap of $0.2 million. The U.S. dollar versus foreign currencies exchange rates in the countries where we conduct business have fluctuated significantly since the onset of the global pandemic COVID-19, most notably versus the euro and Mexican peso.

Interest rate swap valuations and foreign exchange gains and losses are subject to changes which are inherently unpredictable. Our interest rate swap is accounted for using mark-to-market accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap each reporting period are adjusted through earnings, subjecting us to non-cash volatility in our results of operations. The swap fixes the interest rate on our mortgage to 4.31% over the entire term of the mortgage and effectively lowered our interest rate from the previous mortgage rate of 6.5%. Although the agreement allows us to prepay the loan and exit the agreement early, we have no intention of doing so. As a result, we will have non-cash adjustments through earnings each reporting period. Over the term of the mortgage, however, the net impact of these mark-to-market adjustments on earnings will be zero.

Income Tax Expense

	Three Months Ended			(Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Three Months Ended
	October 31, 2020				$		%			October 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	626		$	(778	)		-55	%	$	1,404
Percentage of revenue		1	%								2	%
Effective tax rate		16	%								92	%

	Nine Months Ended			(Decrease) Compared to Prior Period						Nine Months Ended
	October 31, 2020				$		%			October 31, 2019
(in thousands)
Income tax expense	$	2,061		$	(9,930	)		-83	%	$	11,991
Percentage of revenue		1	%								5	%
Effective tax rate		42	%								-275	%

In determining the provision for income taxes for the first nine months of fiscal 2021, we calculated income tax expense based on the estimated annual tax rate for the year, compared to the second quarter of fiscal 2021 and prior year where we calculated income tax expense based on actual quarterly results. The results were adjusted for discrete items recorded during the period. The estimated annual tax rate for the year was used in the current period since the Company is forecasting profits for the full fiscal year 2021. In fiscal year 2020, the Company forecast a near breakeven loss.

We recorded income tax expense of $0.6 million and $1.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 16% during the third quarter of fiscal 2021 compared to 92% for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to $0.8 million of tax expense related to an out-of-period adjustment recorded in the third quarter of fiscal 2020 to correct a valuation allowance initially placed on the Company’s Irish Principal’s net deferred tax assets in the second quarter of fiscal 2020.

We recorded income tax expense of $2.1 million and $12.0 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 42% during the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to (275%) for the same period in the prior year. The change in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a $10.8 million valuation allowance that was placed on the Company’s Irish Principal’s net deferred tax assets for the same period of fiscal 2020.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Regulation S-K Item 10(e), “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures in Commission Filings,” defines and prescribes the conditions for use of non-GAAP financial information. Our measures of non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA, non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA margins and non-GAAP pre-tax income each meet the definition of a non-GAAP financial measure. We define the non-GAAP measures as follows:

●

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA - EBITDA is GAAP net income before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization. Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA is EBITDA less stock-based compensation expense and the change in the fair value of the interest rate swap.

●

Non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA margins - Calculated by dividing non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA by total revenue.

●

Non-GAAP pre-tax income - GAAP income before income taxes not including the effects of stock-based compensation expense, amortization of purchased intangible assets and the change in fair value of the interest rate swap.

QAD’s management uses non-GAAP measures internally to evaluate the business and believes that presenting non-GAAP measures provides useful information to investors regarding the underlying business trends and performance of our ongoing operations as well as useful metrics for monitoring our performance and evaluating it against industry peers. The non-GAAP financial measures presented should be used in addition to, and in conjunction with, results presented in accordance with GAAP, and should not be relied upon to the exclusion of GAAP financial measures. Management strongly encourages investors to review our consolidated financial statements in their entirety and to not rely on any single financial measure in evaluating the company.

QAD non-GAAP measures reflect adjustments based on the following items:

Stock-based compensation expense: We have excluded the effect of stock-based compensation expense from our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP pre-tax income calculations. Although stock-based compensation expense is calculated in accordance with current GAAP and constitutes an ongoing and recurring expense, such expense is excluded from non-GAAP results because it is not an expense which generally requires cash settlement by QAD, and therefore is not used by us to assess the profitability of our operations. We also believe the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense provides a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

Amortization of purchased intangible assets: We amortize purchased intangible assets in connection with our acquisitions. We have excluded the effect of amortization of purchased intangible assets, which include purchased technology, customer relationships, trade names and other intangible assets, from our non-GAAP pre-tax income calculation, because doing so makes internal comparisons to our historical operating results more consistent. In addition, we believe excluding amortization of purchased intangible assets provides a more useful comparison of our operating results to the operating results of our peers.

Change in fair value of the interest rate swap: We entered into an interest rate swap to mitigate our exposure to the variability of one-month LIBOR for our floating rate debt related to the mortgage of our headquarters. We have excluded the gain/loss adjustments to record the interest rate swap at fair value from our non-GAAP adjusted EBITDA and non-GAAP pre-tax income calculations. We believe that these fluctuations are not indicative of our operational costs or meaningful in evaluating comparative period results because we currently have no intention of exiting the debt agreement early. Therefore, over the life of the debt the sum of the fair value adjustments will be zero.

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures of adjusted EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA margins and non-GAAP pre-tax income to the most comparable GAAP measures for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Three Months Ended October 31,						Nine Months Ended October 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
(in thousands)
Total revenue	$	76,660		$	77,807		$	224,888		$	232,220
Net income (loss)		3,213			125			2,863			(16,359	)
Add back:
Net interest expense		34			(519	)		(310	)		(1,731	)
Depreciation		1,280			1,314			4,050			3,917
Amortization		361			360			1,081			934
Income tax expense		626			1,404			2,061			11,991
EBITDA	$	5,514		$	2,684		$	9,745		$	(1,248	)
Add back:
Stock-based compensation expense		3,770			2,904			10,126			8,396
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		(70	)		101			149			352
Adjusted EBITDA	$	9,214		$	5,689		$	20,020		$	7,500
Adjusted EBITDA margin		12	%		7	%		9	%		3	%

Non-GAAP pre-tax income reconciliation
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	3,839		$	1,529		$	4,924		$	(4,368	)
Add back
Stock-based compensation expense		3,770			2,904			10,126			8,396
Amortization of purchased intangible assets		71			74			214			221
Change in fair value of interest rate swap		(70	)		101			149			352
Non-GAAP income before income taxes	$	7,610		$	4,608		$	15,413		$	4,601

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our primary source of cash is from the sale of subscriptions, licenses, maintenance and professional services to our customers. Our primary use of cash is payment of our operating expenses which mainly consist of employee-related expenses, such as compensation and benefits, as well as general operating expenses for facilities, third-party hosting providers, third party contractors and other overhead costs. In addition to operating expenses, we may also use cash for capital expenditures, payment of dividends, payment of our mortgage, withholding taxes on settlement of stock-based compensation and stock repurchases, and to invest in our growth initiatives, which may include acquisitions of products, technologies and businesses.

At October 31, 2020, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and equivalents totaling $143.4 million and net accounts receivable of $39.2 million. Our cash and equivalents consisted of current bank accounts, registered money market funds and time delineated deposits. Approximately 87% of our cash and equivalents were held in U.S. dollar denominated accounts as of October 31, 2020.

Our primary commercial banking relationship is with Bank of America and its global affiliates. Our largest cash concentrations are in the United States and Ireland. The percentage of cash and equivalents held outside of the United States was 62% and 69% as of October 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively. The majority of our cash and equivalents are held in investment accounts which are predominantly placed in money market mutual funds and government securities funds. The remaining cash and equivalents are held in deposit and saving accounts and certificates of deposit.

We are a U.S.-based multinational company subject to tax in multiple U.S. and foreign tax jurisdictions. In addition to providing for U.S. income taxes on earnings from the United States, we provide for U.S. income taxes on the earnings of foreign subsidiaries unless the subsidiaries’ earnings are considered permanently reinvested outside the United States.

In the second quarter of fiscal 2021, due to the lack of growth opportunities and the capital requirement to fund ordinary business operations, QAD Thailand paid a one-time $3.8 million dividend to its parent QAD Inc. The Company has no intention or plans to repatriate any additional funds from Thailand and believes it is still appropriate to maintain the permanent reinvestment assertion in all its foreign subsidiaries. Should we decide to repatriate earnings from other foreign subsidiaries in the future, we would not expect to incur significant additional taxes; however, foreign withholding taxes, currency translation, state taxes and currency control laws must always be considered.

On March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act was signed into law. The CARES Act provides additional economic stimulus to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. We do not expect there to be any significant benefit to our income tax provision as a result of the CARES Act, and we continue to closely monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as any effects that may result from the CARES Act or future legislation.

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019:

	Nine Months Ended October 31,
(in thousands)	2020			2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	19,226		$	7,853
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,308	)		(4,014	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(10,757	)		(8,148	)
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and equivalents		(486	)		(1,289	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents	$	6,675		$	(5,598	)

Typical factors affecting our cash provided by operating activities include our level of revenue and earnings for the period; the timing and amount of employee-related compensation payments, vendor payments and tax payments; and the timing and amount of billings and cash collections from our customers, which is our largest source of operating cash flow. Net cash flows provided by operating activities were $19.2 million and $7.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in cash flows from operating activities was due primarily to net income of $2.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 compared to a net loss of $16.4 million for the same period in fiscal 2020 partially offset by lower changes in non-cash net change in valuation allowance of $13.4 million. While our revenue has declined due to the global pandemic, we have implemented cost control initiatives such as reduced travel and discretionary spending. This has lowered expenses and preserved cash.

Net cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures of $1.7 million and $4.3 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, respectively. The decrease in capital expenditures primarily relates to lower leasehold improvements in fiscal 2021 compared to the prior year. We continue to monitor our capital spending and do not believe we are delaying critical capital expenditures required to run our business.

Net cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of payments of withholding taxes on settlement of stock-based compensation and payment of dividends. In the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, we paid employee payroll taxes of $6.0 million and $3.6 million, respectively, on vested restricted stock units, vested performance stock units and exercised stock appreciation rights. In the first nine months of fiscal 2021 and 2020, we made dividend payments of $4.3 million and $4.2 million, respectively. On a regular basis, the Board of Directors evaluates our ability to continue to pay dividends and the structure of potential future dividend payments.

We have historically calculated accounts receivable days’ sales outstanding (DSO), using the countback, or last-in first-out, method. This method calculates the number of days of billed revenue represented by the accounts receivable balance as of period end. When reviewing the performance of our entities, DSO under the countback method is used by management. It is management’s belief that the countback method best reflects the relative health of our accounts receivable as of a given quarter-end or year-end because of the cyclical nature of our billings. Our billing cycle includes high annual maintenance renewal billings at year-end that will not be recognized as earned revenue until future periods.

DSO under the countback method was 44 days and 45 days as of October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. DSO using the average method, which is calculated utilizing the accounts receivable balance and earned revenue for the most recent quarter, was 46 days as of October 31, 2020 and 2019.

Some of our customers who have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic have requested and may continue to request changes to payment terms. Some may also be unable to pay their receivables as they become due. We adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments on February 1, 2020, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost, which includes our accounts receivables and contract assets. Our expected loss allowance methodology for accounts receivable is developed using historical collection experience, consideration of current and anticipated future economic conditions and other relevant data. For the first nine months of fiscal 2021, our expected loss allowance included consideration of the current and expected future economic and market conditions surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. We recorded an increase of $0.7 million in estimated credit losses related to the impact of COVID-19 on our customers. We have not experienced any significant impact to credit quality or terms and the aging of our accounts receivable remained similar to the same period last year. We believe our reserve methodology is adequate, our reserves are properly stated as of October 31, 2020 and the quality of our receivables remains good.

There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations or commercial commitments outside the ordinary course of business. Cash requirements for items other than normal operating expenses are anticipated for capital expenditures, dividend payments and other equity transactions. We may require cash for acquisitions of new businesses, software products or technologies complementary to our business.

We are continuing to monitor the impact of COVID-19 on our operating results and liquidity and believe the global pandemic will negatively impact operating results and liquidity throughout fiscal 2021. We have implemented cost savings measures in the areas of travel, personnel expense and discretionary spending. We will monitor our costs and if needed, we will reduce costs further throughout fiscal 2021. Because we have $143.4 million of cash and our only debt is the mortgage of our corporate headquarters of $12.5 million, we believe we are in a solid position to withstand the negative impacts to our revenue, operating income and liquidity in fiscal 2021. We believe that our cash on hand and net cash provided by operating activities will provide us with sufficient resources to meet our current and long-term working capital requirements, debt service, dividend payments and other cash needs for at least the next twelve months.

Our revenue, earnings, cash flows, receivables, and payables are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. See Part I, Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for further discussion.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

A summary of future obligations under our various contractual obligations and commitments as of January 31, 2020 was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020. During the three and nine months ended October 31, 2020 there have been no material changes in our contractual obligations or commercial commitments outside the ordinary course of business.

Note Payable

Effective May 30, 2012, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC, a consolidated entity of QAD Inc., entered into a variable rate credit agreement (the 2012 Mortgage) with Mechanics Bank (formerly Rabobank, N.A.), to refinance a pre-existing mortgage. The 2012 Mortgage has an original principal balance of $16.1 million and bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. One month LIBOR was 0.15% at October 31, 2020. The 2012 Mortgage matures in June 2022 and is secured by our headquarters located in Santa Barbara, California. In conjunction with the 2012 Mortgage, QAD Ortega Hill, LLC entered into an interest rate swap with Mechanics Bank. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount of $16.1 million and a schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31% for the entire term of the 2012 Mortgage. The terms of the 2012 Mortgage provide for QAD Ortega Hill, LLC to make net monthly payments of $88,100 consisting of principal and interest and one final payment of $11.7 million when the loan matures on June 1, 2022. The unpaid balance as of October 31, 2020 was $12.5 million.

ITEM 3 – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Exchange Rates. We have operations in foreign locations around the world and we are exposed to risk resulting from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. We have experienced significant foreign currency fluctuations during fiscal 2020 and the first nine months of fiscal 2021 due primarily to the volatility of the euro and Mexican peso in relation to the U.S. dollar. However, while strengthening of the U.S. dollar compared to foreign currency exchange rates generally has the effect of reducing revenues it also has the effect of reducing expenses denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. These foreign currency exchange rate movements could create a foreign currency gain or loss that could be realized or unrealized for us. Unfavorable movements in foreign currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies may have an adverse impact on our operations. We did not have any foreign currency forward or option contracts or other foreign currency denominated derivatives or other financial instruments open as of October 31, 2020.

We face two risks related to foreign currency exchange rates—translation risk and transaction risk. Translation risk relates to amounts invested in our foreign operations that are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Revenues and expenses in foreign currencies translate into higher or lower revenues and expenses in U.S. dollars as the U.S. dollar weakens or strengthens against other currencies. Furthermore, we have exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations arising from the remeasurement of non-functional currency assets, liabilities and intercompany balances into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. Transaction risk is related to our international subsidiaries holding non-local currency net monetary accounts subject to revaluation into their local currency, which results in realized or unrealized foreign currency gains or losses.

For the nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, approximately 48% and 50%, respectively, of our revenue was generated in foreign currencies. We also incurred a significant portion of our expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, approximately 34% and 39% for the nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Based on a hypothetical 10% strengthening of the U.S. dollar against all foreign currencies, our revenue would be adversely affected by approximately 4% partially offset by a positive effect on our expenses of approximately 3%, and our operating income would be adversely affected by approximately 53%.

For the nine months ended October 31, 2020 and 2019, foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses (gains) totaled $834,000 and $(57,000), respectively, and are included in “Other expense (income), net” in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss). We performed a sensitivity analysis on the net U.S. dollar and euro-based monetary accounts subject to revaluation that are held by our international subsidiaries and on the non-functional currency assets, liabilities and intercompany balances that are remeasured into U.S. dollars. A hypothetical 10% adverse movement in all foreign currency exchange rates would result in foreign currency transaction and remeasurement losses of approximately $2.8 million.

These estimates assume adverse shifts in all foreign currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar, which do not always move in the same direction or in the same degrees. Actual results may differ materially from the hypothetical analysis.

Interest Rates. We invest our surplus cash in a variety of financial instruments, consisting principally of short-term marketable securities with maturities of less than 90 days at the date of purchase. Our investment securities are held for purposes other than trading. Cash balances held by subsidiaries are invested primarily in registered money market funds with local operating banks. Based on an interest rate sensitivity analysis of our cash and equivalents we estimate that a 10% adverse change in interest rates from the 2020 fiscal year-end rates would not have a material adverse effect on our cash flows or financial condition for the next fiscal year.

Our long-term debt is comprised of a loan agreement, secured by real property, which bears interest at the one month LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. In conjunction with the loan agreement, we entered into an interest rate swap. The swap agreement has an initial notional amount and schedule matching that of the underlying loan that synthetically fixes the interest rate on the debt at 4.31%.

Our interest rate swap is accounted for using mark-to-market accounting. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of the swap each reporting period are adjusted through earnings, subjecting us to non-cash volatility in our results of operations. We prepared a sensitivity analysis using a modeling technique that measures the change in the fair values arising from a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in levels of interest rates across the entire yield curve, with all other variables held constant. Based upon the results of this analysis a 10% adverse change in interest rates from the October 31, 2020 rates would cause less than a $0.1 million reduction in our results of operations. We believe it is prudent to hedge the expected volatility of the variable rate mortgage on our corporate headquarters. The swap fixes the interest rate on our mortgage to 4.31% over the entire term of the mortgage. Although the agreement allows us to prepay the loan and exit the agreement early, we have no intention of doing so. As a result, we will have non-cash adjustments through earnings each reporting period. However, over the term of the mortgage, the net impact of these mark-to-market adjustments on earnings will be zero.

ITEM 4 – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to, and are effective to, provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information required to be disclosed by us in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent limitations of internal controls. QAD’s management does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures or its internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within QAD have been detected. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II

ITEM 1.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is not party to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, QAD is party, either as plaintiff or defendant, to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management does not believe that the outcome of any of these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

ITEM 1A.

RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors reported in Item 1A within the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2020.

ITEM 2.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3.

DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4.

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.

OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6.

EXHIBITS

Exhibits

31.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2	Certification by the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1	Certification by the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document (the Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

QAD Inc.

(Registrant)

Date: December 9, 2020	By:	/s/ DANIEL LENDER
		Daniel Lender
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
		(Chief Financial Officer)

	By:	/s/ KARA BELLAMY
		Kara Bellamy
		Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller
		(Chief Accounting Officer)