UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 of 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from_________ to__________

Commission File Number: 000-23329

Charles & Colvard, Ltd.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

North Carolina		56-1928817
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

170 Southport Drive Morrisville, North Carolina		27560
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(919) 468-0399

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value per share	CTHR	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐

Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒

		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

As of December 31, 2019, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $36,362,504 based on the closing sales price as reported on The Nasdaq Capital Market.

As of August 28, 2020, there were 28,965,660 shares of the registrant’s common stock, no par value per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENT INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Certain portions of the Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on November 19, 2020 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

CHARLES & COLVARD, LTD.

FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page Number
PART I
Item 1.	Business	2
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	17
Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	27
Item 2.	Properties	27
Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	27
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27

PART II
Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	28
Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	28
Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29
Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47
Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	48
Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	81
Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	81
Item 9B.	Other Information	82

PART III
Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	82
Item 11.	Executive Compensation	82
Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	82
Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	82
Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	82

PART IV
Item 15.	Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules	83
Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	86

SIGNATURES

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Statements expressing expectations regarding our future and projections relating to products, sales, revenues, and earnings are typical of such statements and are made under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about our plans, objectives, representations, and contentions and are not historical facts and typically are identified by use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “continue,” and similar words, although some forward-looking statements are expressed differently.

All forward-looking statements are subject to the risks and uncertainties inherent in predicting the future. You should be aware that although the forward-looking statements included herein represent management’s current judgment and expectations, our actual results may differ materially from those projected, stated, or implied in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors including, but not limited to, (1) our business, financial condition and results of operations could continue to be adversely affected by an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related global economic conditions; (2) our future financial performance depends upon increased consumer acceptance, growth of sales of our products, and operational execution of our strategic initiatives; (3) the execution of our business plans could significantly impact our liquidity; (4) our business and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected as a result of general and economic conditions; (5) the financial difficulties or insolvency of one or more of our major customers or their lack of willingness and ability to market our products could adversely affect results; (6) we face intense competition in the worldwide gemstone and jewelry industry; (7) we are subject to certain risks due to our international operations, distribution channels and vendors; (8) our business and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected as a result of our inability to fulfill orders on a timely basis; (9) we are currently dependent on a limited number of distributor and retail partners in our Traditional segment for the sale of our products; (10) we rely on assumptions, estimates, and data to calculate certain of our key metrics and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business; (11) our failure to maintain compliance with The Nasdaq Stock Market’s continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our common stock; (12) we may experience quality control challenges from time to time that can result in lost revenue and harm to our brands and reputation; (13) seasonality of our business may adversely affect our net sales and operating income; (14) our operations could be disrupted by natural disasters; (15) our loan, pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program, or the PPP Loan, under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, as administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration, or the SBA, may not be forgiven or may subject us to challenges and investigations regarding qualification for the loan; (16) we may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm the value of our products and brands and adversely affect our business; (17) negative or inaccurate information on social media could adversely impact our brand and reputation; (18) we depend on an exclusive supply agreement, or the Supply Agreement, with Cree, Inc., or Cree, for substantially all of our silicon carbide, or SiC, crystals, the raw materials we use to produce moissanite jewels; if our supply of high-quality SiC crystals is interrupted, our business may be materially harmed; (19) sales of moissanite jewelry could be dependent upon the pricing of precious metals, which is beyond our control; (20) our current customers may potentially perceive us as a competitor in the finished jewelry business; (21) if the e-commerce opportunity changes dramatically or if e-commerce technology or providers change their models, our results of operations may be adversely affected; (22) a failure of our information technology infrastructure or a failure to protect confidential information of our customers and our network against security breaches could adversely impact our business and operations; (23) if we fail to evaluate, implement, and integrate strategic acquisition or disposition opportunities successfully, our business may suffer; (24) governmental regulation and oversight might adversely impact our operations; and (25) some anti-takeover provisions of our charter documents may delay or prevent a takeover of our company, in addition to the other risks and uncertainties described in more detail in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. We undertake no obligation to update or revise such statements to reflect new circumstances or unanticipated events as they occur except as required by the federal securities laws, and you are urged to review and consider disclosures that we make in the reports that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, that discuss other factors relevant to our business.

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PART I

Item 1.

Business

Overview

Our Mission

At Charles & Colvard, we believe that fine jewelry can be accessible, beautiful, and conscientious. With innovative technology and sustainable practices, our goal is to lead a revolution in the jewelry industry – delivering a brilliant product at extraordinary value balanced with environmental and social responsibility.

About Charles & Colvard

Charles & Colvard, Ltd., a North Carolina corporation founded in 1995 (which may be referred to as Charles & Colvard, we, us, or our), manufactures, markets and distributes Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^® (which we refer to as moissanite or moissanite jewels) and finished jewelry featuring our proprietary moissanite gemstone for sale in the worldwide jewelry market. Our unique differentiator, moissanite – The World’s Most Brilliant Gem^® – is core to our ambition to create a movement around beautiful, environmentally and socially responsible fine jewelry and fashion jewelry. Charles & Colvard is the originator of lab-created moissanite, and we believe that we are leading the way in delivering the premium moissanite brand through technological advances in gemstone manufacturing, cutting, polishing, and setting. By coupling what we believe to be unprecedented lab-created gemstones with responsibly sourced precious metals, we are delivering a uniquely positioned product line for the conscientious consumer.

Our strategy is to build a globally revered and accessible brand of gemstones and finished jewelry that appeals to a wide consumer audience and leverages our advantage of being the original and leading worldwide source of moissanite. We believe a direct relationship with consumers is important to this strategy, which entails delivering tailored educational content, engaging in dialogue with our audience, and positioning our brand to meet the demands of today’s discerning consumer. In June 2019, we successfully completed an underwritten public offering of 6,250,000 shares of our common stock, which, together with the partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option for an additional 630,500 shares in July 2019, resulted in total gross proceeds of approximately $11.01 million, before deducting the underwriting discount and fees and expenses of approximately $1.02 million. The timing of this financing event was critical given the growing worldwide acceptance of lab-created gemstones with emerging generations of consumers. These proceeds, which we are using for marketing and for general corporate and working capital purposes, will enable us to focus efforts on expanding Charles & Colvard global brand awareness with our target consumer and further develop our global omni-channel sales.

We report segment information based on the “management” approach. This segment reporting approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of our operating and reportable segments. For more information about our operating segments, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We believe our expanding application of an omni-channel sales strategy across the jewelry trade and to the end consumer with accessible gemstones and value branded finished jewelry featuring Charles & Colvard moissanite positions our goods at the many touchpoints where consumers are when they are making their buying decisions – thereby creating greater exposure for our brand and increasing consumer demand.

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COVID-19 Update

As COVID-19 continues to spread throughout the world, the ongoing global pandemic continues to prompt governments and businesses to maintain and, in some cases, extend unprecedented measures in response. Such measures have included federal, state, county and local governments, and public health organizations and authorities around the world implementing a variety of measures intended to control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders, travel restrictions, school closures, business limitations and closures, social distancing and hygiene requirements.

During February 2020, following the initial outbreak of the virus in China, the COVID-19 pandemic and related governmental and business responses began to have an adverse effect on our operations, supply chains, distribution channels, and consumer buying behaviors. Cumulatively, these things also impacted the net realizable value and marketability of our legacy inventory, which was subsequently written-off during our fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Governments in many parts of the world have begun to relax some of the previously imposed COVID-19 related measures and restrictions, and these areas have seen businesses and activities beginning to reopen, with the lives of those citizens beginning to return somewhat to pre-pandemic levels. However, many other parts of the world, including the U.S., are seeing signs that the virus is continuing to spread rapidly with unprecedented rates of infection and illness, and the cessation and relaxing of previously imposed business, travel, and social restrictions by these affected governments are, in some cases, being halted. Accordingly, in many parts of the U.S. we are seeing the reopening trends of our businesses, factories, schools, and retail outlets slowing and, in many instances, reversing altogether. We are also seeing significant and strict social distancing and public safety requirements, including facial coverings, imposed throughout the country. The COVID-19 pandemic and these ongoing measures and restrictions continue to adversely affect workforces, customers, economies, and global supply chains, and further result in significant travel and transport restrictions – all of which have combined to further lead to an ongoing worldwide economic downturn and a decrease in demand for our products. These actions and events continue to disrupt the normal operations of many businesses, including ours.

While we are gradually resuming operations, we are meeting consumer demand through our transactional website charlesandcolvard.com and across our omni-channel sales outlets including drop-ship partners such as Macys.com, Helzberg.com, Belk.com, and Overstock.com, through marketplaces such as Amazon.com, and supplying global wholesaler product needs. Consequently, we have begun seeing a rebound in demand for our products during our fourth fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2020. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, or Fiscal 2020.

A detailed description of the actions we have taken, and are taking, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is included in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Our Market Opportunity

According to an August 2020 study by Forbes Magazine, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused an historical shift in e-commerce during 2020. While traditional retail sales have declined, e-commerce has seen a 129% growth year-over-year in the U.S. and Canada as of April 2020, with a 146% growth in all online retail orders. Substantially all brick-and-mortar stores have migrated retail sales online in order to survive the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, Forbes projects that U.S. e-commerce sales are estimated to hit approximately $710 billion for the calendar year ending December 31, 2020, or about 15% of total U.S. retail sales, up from approximately $602 billion, or 11%, of total retail sales, as compared to 2019.

By 2025, the global luxury fashion jewelry market is expected to drive approximately $480 billion in worldwide sales according to a February 2020 report from Statista, a leading global provider of retail market and consumer driven data. We believe the convergence of the online jewelry shopper and the emergence of lab-created gemstones as a solution to the underserved, ethically minded consumer presents a bright and sizeable opportunity for Charles & Colvard.

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Our Strategic Outlook

The full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance is currently uncertain and will depend on many factors outside of our control, including, without limitation, the timing, extent, trajectory and duration of the pandemic, the development and availability of effective treatments and vaccines, the imposition of protective public safety measures, and the impact of the pandemic on the global economy and demand for consumer products. We expect the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity during the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021, or Fiscal 2021.

Our strategic focus for Fiscal 2021 is centered on the expansion of Charles & Colvard’s brand on a global scale and to increase the size of our business through top-line growth. As lab-created gemstones are being embraced by emerging generations, we believe our ability to establish moissanite and the Charles & Colvard brand directly with consumers is key to our future success and ability to fuel our growth. We will execute on our key strategies with a continued commitment to spending judiciously and generating sustainable earnings improvement.

Our key strategic goals for Fiscal 2021 are as follows:

•

Expansion of Digital Presence. We plan to continue focusing on conversion-based advertising campaigns by way of capitalizing on our existing digital platform and transactional website, charlesandcolvard.com. We intend to improve and grow our online presence and properties. We believe that we have the ability to utilize new functionality to engage our captive social media audience on Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube, among others, by showcasing our products in real time through available existing online video streaming and live stream broadcasting platforms. In addition, we plan to develop and roll-out a new transactional website, moisssaniteoutlet.com. We believe this new platform will provide us a more targeted opportunity to sell some of our more accessible and market value-branded inventory. We also believe in the power of community. Accordingly, we plan to continue our work with locally based companies and organizations through our existing corporate outreach and social responsibility programs as well as our soon-to-be implemented corporate alliance program. We believe these programs will incrementally expand our digital footprint and product reach.

•

Enhanced Customer Engagement. We intend to further develop and evolve our existing technological platform and customized virtual services for our customers. We intend to expand our existing virtual shopping consultation service beyond our current offering in order to engage with more customers in a personal way. We also plan to develop a new digital consumer engagement program that will incentivize existing customers and loyal brand advocates to become digital ambassadors of the Charles & Colvard brand and to encourage their friends and families to make purchases.

•

Product Development. We intend to elevate our Forever One^TM brand and our patented Signature Collection as well as expand our product selection. Our transactional website, charlesandcolvard.com, is the premier platform where we market and sell our finished jewelry products set with Forever One^TM gemstones. However, charlesandcolvard.com is also the ideal stage where we are able to tell our story and to educate consumers about our brand. This is where consumers will be able to find a more robust collection of educational content and visual media assets to learn about the premium quality of our Forever One™ gemstones and jewelry. Additionally, we plan to develop and bring new products to market that align with our core values and overall strategic vision.

•

Disciplined Growth. We are aware of the challenges facing the U.S. and global economies as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we intend to develop a strategic acquisition growth strategy that over time is based on creating sustainable long-term value. In the meantime, we plan to continue an organic growth strategy through a dedication to our existing core product market, and providing exemplary customer service. We also plan to explore strategic alliance partnership relationships with businesses in the retail and jewelry industry where we believe that we would be able to capitalize on existing market synergies and likeminded product brands for market growth. To accomplish our long-term acquisition growth strategy, we intend to seek appropriate acquisition opportunities of companies to expand our operations, seek new or leading brand positions, and leverage our existing sales, marketing, and distribution infrastructure. We plan to prudently pursue strategic acquisitions that are both complementary and accretive in pursuit of our plans for long-term value and growth.

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Distributing to the Online Channels Segment

Driven by continuously updated knowledge of our audience, through e-commerce and web analytics as well as research through social media and customer service channels, we proactively engage our consumers through a multi-channel digital marketing strategy. Our goal is to continue growing our direct relationship with the consumer, which we believe will drive interest across all of our selling channels.

Our approach for marketing directly to the consumer in our Online Channels segment includes the following types of communication channels: (i) organic social media; (ii) paid advertising (including, but not limited to, search engine marketing, display ads, video ads, and social media advertising); (iii) email; (iv) public relations; (v) influencers; and (vi) our own website. In addition, our marketing approach comprises the following types of content types: (i) photography; (ii) videos; (iii) interactive immersive experiences; and (iv) user-generated content.

Equally as important to us as marketing to our direct consumer audience is moving our customers through the process of engaging with our brand – and eventually converting them into a lifetime customer. Throughout our marketing tactics, we employ calls to action that drive the consumer to the many places where they can view our products and complete their purchase. We utilize a centralized distribution and fulfillment facility in Morrisville, North Carolina, to fulfill Online Channels segment orders.

Following are our primary online transactional channels:

•

charlesandcolvard.com. We believe that we continue to enhance our transactional website to optimize for the mobile consumer and to improve our customers’ experience. Programs such as free shipping, a 60-day returns policy, and an enhanced and optimized shopping experience have been rolled out over time. With data collected through web analytics, and through user surveys that reveal how consumers use the site, we are in a continual state of optimizing the buying experience – making it easier for shoppers to browse, sort and compare. We utilize these data to inform the selection of new, leading-edge technologies to further enhance our users’ experience, including technologies provided by such partners as Amazon Pay, Affirm, Inc., and PayPal Holdings, Inc., or PayPal, for financing purchases, Braintree, a service of PayPal, for ease of transfer, and Flow, which is a company that specializes in facilitating cross-border global trade and e-commerce services. Our goal is to remain continually focused on improving our customers’ experience.

•

Cross-Border Trade. Through the application of market-leading cross-border trade, or CBT, technology, such as building our relationship with Flow, we believe CBT to be a significant opportunity in Fiscal 2021 and beyond. For example, Flow Commerce, Inc., or Flow, is widely considered the next-generation for CBT e-commerce transactions and is known worldwide to be revolutionizing how merchants go global. Flow’s platform helps such global enterprises create a positive and localized shopping experience for their international customers while helping to ensure a complete and accurate record of CBT transactions for the enterprise.

•

Marketplaces. A large majority of buyers start their online shopping experience with a web search. In fact, according to jumpshot^®, a global content management and digital intelligence firm that tracked marketplace data, more than 50% of those web searches begin on Amazon. That number skews even higher within the Millennial demographic in that Amazon is the web search brand Millennials identify as most relevant based on a finding by the Pew Research Center, a renowned nonpartisan fact think tank. Therefore, we have made a point to be prominent on Amazon, achieving Seller-Fulfilled Prime status in 2017, which means we have the option of fulfilling orders with the same benefits of Amazon Prime. This enables us to be positioned more prominently in Amazon’s search platform and to take advantage of their negotiated shipping rates and service levels that, in turn, lower our overall shipping costs. This status is available by Amazon to only those sellers who have a history of fulfilling orders quickly and maintaining appropriate levels of stock. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, or Fiscal 2019, we expanded our relationship with Amazon to include many international locations, including websites in Europe, Australia, and Japan. We also have a market presence on eBay and a multitude of other specialty marketplaces, allowing us to meet our customers when and where they want to buy. Our goal is to continue to optimize our presence on these marketplaces and to expand into new regions and platforms where we have identified cost-effective opportunities.

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•

Pure-Play E-tailers. FTI Consulting, a global business advisory firm, estimates that 25% of total retail sales will become e-commerce centric by 2030. As consumers become more digitally savvy, new businesses have gained traction by tailoring their product, services and experiences to specific consumer preferences. We believe that these pure-play e-tailers offer unique opportunities for Charles & Colvard to feature our gemstones and connect with their loyal audiences.

•

Drop Ship Retail. In an effort to smartly expand their assortments, many retailers utilize direct fulfillment from their vendors to their consumers, or drop-ship, as it enables them to offer a more robust assortment online without having to physically take ownership of the goods in their warehouse. These retailers are consistently seeking socially responsible brands to serve the growing demand for conscientious product selection from their audiences. Since we began drop-shipping products in 2013, we have refined our information technology and operations capabilities to support these partnership arrangements in multiple ways, including fully integrated electronic data interchange, or EDI, solutions for inventory management, order processing, and invoicing. Operationally, we maintain in-stock rates and leverage our centralized distribution and fulfillment facility to meet partner service-level agreements, or SLAs, for shipments and returns. We plan to continue seeking new partnership arrangements as well as optimize existing arrangements throughout Fiscal 2021 and beyond.

Distributing to the Traditional Segment

The Traditional segment is our legacy segment – represented by such outlets as manufacturers, distributors, and brick-and-mortar retailers. Going forward, these market channels remain important avenues for Charles & Colvard to drive product to market and be present in the many places the consumer takes his or her shopping journey.

Our approach for marketing to customers and strategic partners within our Traditional segment includes the following types of communication channels: (i) trade advertising; (ii) industry associations; (iii) trade shows; and (iv) cooperative advertising.

We utilize a centralized distribution and fulfillment facility in Morrisville, North Carolina, to fill bulk orders to manufacturer, distributor, and retail customers.

•

Retail. In order to create awareness and exposure for our gemstones, jewelry, and brands, we sell loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite at wholesale prices to nationally recognized and emerging retail customers through a broad range of channels including jewelry chains and department stores. Wholesale orders are received by way of purchase orders and fulfilled from our centralized fulfillment center. In many cases, we have placed loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry inventory in stores on a consignment basis. Under this consignment model, in accordance with our revenue recognition accounting policy, we recognize the revenue for these transactions after the retail partner has sold an item to a consumer or other contractual conditions are met. In other cases, a retailer purchases the goods, or a portion of the goods, under what we call an asset purchase model. Under the asset model, we recognize the sale and related revenue upon transfer of the goods to the retailer. Due to the maturity of certain retail relationships, we have recently migrated select brick-and mortar partners to a blended asset and consignment model account structure, which affords us more favorable customer payment terms that result in more favorable cash flow. We will continue to evolve our retail channel strategy as we optimize our methods and partnership arrangements.

•

Domestic Manufacturers and Distributors. In order to service the vast number of independent jewelers, jewelry stores, and smaller jewelry chains, we sell our loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry to domestic wholesale distributors and finished jewelry manufacturers at distributor prices, that in turn resell the loose jewels or finished jewelry at a markup to independent jewelers and jewelry stores – whether brick-and-mortar, online, or both. In limited circumstances, we have placed loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry inventory with select domestic distributors on a consignment basis. We continue to evaluate our channel strategy for domestic distributors, which may result in a change to our historical domestic distributor methods and partners.

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•

International Manufacturers and Distributors. In order to create global awareness and exposure for our gemstones, jewelry, and brands, we sell loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite to international wholesale distributors and finished jewelry manufacturers at distributor prices, that in turn sell the actual loose jewels or set the loose jewels in mountings and sell the finished jewelry to brick-and-mortar and online retailers. We currently have numerous international wholesale distributors based in Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates. Some of these distributors typically sell into neighboring countries and the extended geographic regions where they may be located. Additionally, from time to time, we have placed loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry inventory with select international distributors on a consignment basis. We continue to evaluate our channel strategy for international distributors, which may result in a change to our historical international distributor methods and strategic partners. A portion of our international sales consists of finished jewels sold internationally that may be re-imported to U.S. retailers.

For a discussion of our largest customers for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, see Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Seasonality

Sales in the retail jewelry industry are typically seasonal due to increased consumer purchases during the calendar year-end holiday season. Because historically we have primarily sold our loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite at wholesale pricing to distributors, manufacturers, and retailers, our sales to support the holiday season have largely taken place during the third and beginning of the fourth calendar quarters, depending on the sales channel and the level of advanced planning and production our customers undertook. However, the effect of seasonality on our business is also impacted by the timing of orders we receive to support new or expanded distribution and the level of current inventory positions held by our customers. In recent years, we have experienced a higher degree of seasonality in the fourth calendar quarter than we have experienced in prior years primarily as a result of the holiday season sales to end consumers through our Online Channels segment. In future periods, as sales of our finished jewelry increase to retailers and directly to consumers, both in dollars and as a percentage of total sales, we anticipate a seasonality trend more typical with the retail jewelry industry, and these factors may significantly affect our results of operations in a given quarter.

Moissanite

Over 120 years ago, Nobel Prize-winning chemist, Henri Moissan, Ph.D., first discovered the extremely rare mineral SiC in a meteorite crater in Arizona. Over a century after the discovery of SiC, and after years of experimentation, researchers from the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina developed and patented a thermal growing process for creating pure SiC crystals in a controlled laboratory environment. This long-sought-after breakthrough made possible the world’s first lab-created moissanite gemstone – posthumously named after its discoverer. With hardness rivaling any mineral on earth, and optical properties exceeding all mined and created gemstones, we believe moissanite is a brilliant jewel that is free from environmental and ethical issues, and capable of disrupting traditional definitions of fine jewelry.

Naturally occurring moissanite is generally very small in size, dark green or black in color, and not a commercially viable source of gemstone material. Therefore, in order to create high quality moissanite material in desirable colors and across a range of carat sizes that will appeal to a consumer audience, we expect only lab-grown SiC crystals to provide a sustainable source of moissanite for gemstones. In addition to carat size, important characteristics of a gemstone are beauty, durability, and rarity. The beauty of a colorless or near-colorless gemstone is characterized by its color, brilliance, and fire. The brilliance of a gemstone is measured by its refractive index, or the extent to which, when coupled with the facet design, the gemstone reflects light. The fire of a gemstone, or the breaking of light rays into spectral colors, is measured by its dispersion. Durability is determined by a gemstone’s hardness, or resistance to scratching and toughness, or resistance to chipping or cleaving. Rarity is the availability or perceived availability of a gemstone. Moissanite jewels have a unique combination of brilliance, fire, durability, and rarity.

Moissanite’s beauty is objectively derived from its refractive index, which is higher than any other gemstone, including diamond. And its hardness is greater than all minerals, and all known gemstone materials with the exception of diamond. As a result, moissanite jewels, like diamond, can be cut with sharp, well-defined, and highly polished facets that accentuate their brilliance and fire. The cutting specifications (facet arrangement and proportions) for moissanite jewels are different than any other gemstone and designed to maximize the brilliance and fire of the raw material.

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We evaluate the finished jewels to exacting standards with automated video-imaging equipment using internal and independent third-party certified gemologists. Due to the rare natural occurrence of moissanite and both the proprietary and technical limitations in producing mass quantities of gem-grade moissanite, we believe that moissanite is among the rarest of jewels.

The following table compares the physical properties of moissanite jewels with other fine gemstone materials:

Description	Refractive Index		Dispersion		Hardness⁽¹⁾		Toughness
Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^®		2.65-2.69		0.104		9.25 – 9.5	Excellent
Diamond		2.42		0.044		10	Good to Excellent ⁽²⁾
Ruby		1.77		0.018		9	Excellent ⁽³⁾
Sapphire		1.77		0.018		9	Excellent ⁽³⁾
Emerald		1.58		0.014		7.50	Poor to Good

⁽¹⁾ For purposes of this table, “hardness” is based on the Mohs Scale, which is a relative scale only. Quantitative comparisons of different gemstone materials cannot be made directly using the Mohs Scale. Moissanite jewels, while harder than all other known gemstones, are approximately one-half as hard as diamond.

⁽²⁾ In cleavage direction, toughness is “good”.

⁽³⁾ Except twinned stones

Sources: Gemological Institute of America, Gem Reference Guide for GIA Colored Stones, Gem Identification and Colored Stone Grading Courses 32-35, 65-82, 87-90 (1995); Cornelius S. Hurlburt, Jr. & Robert C. Kammerling, Gemology 320-324 (2d Ed. 1991); Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 524-541 (5^th Ed. 2004); Institution Of Electrical Engineers, Properties of Silicon Carbide (Gary L. Harris, Ed., 1995); Robert Webster, Gems: Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification 889-940 (5^th Ed. 1994); W. von Muench, “Silicon Carbide” in Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, Group III, Vol. 17C, pp. 403-416 and 585-592 (M. Schultz and H. Weiss, Eds., 1984); Kurt Nassau, Shane F. McClure, Shane Elen & James E. Shigley, “Synthetic Moissanite: A New Diamond Substitute”, Gems & Gemology, Winter 1997, 260-275; Kurt Nassau. “Moissanite: A New Synthetic Gemstone Material”, Journal of Gemmology, 425-438 (1999); Mindat.org, “Moissanite” (https://www.mindat.org/min-2743.html); and Wikipedia, “Moissanite” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moissanite).

Products and Product Development

Moissanite Jewels

Historically, Charles & Colvard primarily sold legacy moissanite jewels including Forever Classic^TM and Forever Brilliant^®. In 2015, we announced availability of our premier product, the first colorless moissanite jewel, Forever One^TM, which grades from colorless (D-E-F) to near-colorless (G-H-I) using the Gemological Institute of America’s, or GIA’s, color grading scale. Our limited launch was met with great enthusiasm from channel partners and consumers. In response to this demand, we continue to expand our Forever One^TM product line with additional shapes and sizes. Today, we offer Forever One^TM in 27 cuts, and a multitude of sizes ranging from melee accent stones as small as 0.002 carats to gemstones up to 6.13 carats, and our Exotics line of products that are as large as 15.55 carats diamond equivalent weight, or DEW.

In May 2018, we announced the availability of a new grade of gemstone, Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^®. We believe that, with the exception of our own colorless moissanite jewel, Forever One^TM, our new gemstone is a cut above other moissanite on the market. Created from the same patented SiC material that offers unparalleled clarity, we believe that Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^®is truly a revolutionary value. The distinction between Forever One^TM and Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® is made through our applied expertise throughout the design and manufacturing process summarized below and described in more detail in “Manufacturing and Quality Assurance”. We believe that due to the discerning approach we take to ensure the quality of Forever One^TM, it remains far above any other offering available today. By closely evaluating clarity, color, and cut, we are able to determine which gemstones meet our exemplary standards for Forever One^TM, and those that fit within one of our multiple grade Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® gemstones.

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Our manufacturing process starts with SiC material primarily manufactured by Cree through its patented process. This proprietary growing process creates a SiC material that is nearly free of micropipes – a type of inclusion sometimes found in lab-grown SiC material. However, based on the terms of the amended Supply Agreement with our strategic partner, we are permitted to purchase certain amounts of SiC materials from third parties under limited conditions. Either way, the SiC material comes to us as a boule, or a formed mass, that has the atomic structure of a single crystal. After beginning our manufacturing process, each boule is carefully inspected by our certified gemologists to ensure it meets our minimum standards for Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^® gemstones, including those for clarity and color grades. The products that meet appropriate minimum quality standards move forward on the journey to become our Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^® gemstones. From this point, as the product continues to move through our manufacturing process, it is subjected to further processing steps, such as cutting, faceting, and finishing. At the end of our manufacturing process, it’s the clarity and color designation, coupled with further inspection by our certified gemologists regarding the quality levels of the cutting, faceting, and finishing processes, that will ultimately determine if the product becomes one of our premier Forever One^TM gemstones or one our multiple grade Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® gemstones.

Moissanite Finished Jewelry

We began selling finished jewelry featuring moissanite in 2010. Our core designs included stud earrings, solitaire and three-stone rings, pendants, and bracelets. We are now selling an expanded selection of fashion-oriented, designer-inspired moissanite jewelry that we offer as an expansion to the core line of jewelry. The primary ingredients of our moissanite finished jewelry are loose moissanite jewels that we have on hand as part of our finished goods inventory, precious metal settings, and labor to mount the jewels into the settings.

Source of Raw Material

Our moissanite jewels are made from gem-grade SiC crystals. Our primary supplier of SiC crystals is Cree with which we have certain exclusive supply rights for SiC crystals to be used for gemstone applications. In addition, based on the terms of the Supply Agreement, as amended, with Cree described below, we are permitted to purchase certain amounts of SiC materials from third parties under limited conditions. We source the metals used for our finished jewelry, including white, yellow, and rose gold, platinum, tantalum, and sterling silver, from a number of domestic and international manufacturers located in the U.S, China, India, Mexico, Hong Kong, Vietnam, or Portugal. In line with our goal of providing socially and ethically-sourced products, we require suppliers to adhere to our stringent supplier guidelines, as well as to certify that their gold and tantalum are coming from conflict free sources and that all precious metals supplied to us are responsibly sourced.

Exclusive Supply Agreement with Cree

On December 12, 2014, we entered into an exclusive supply agreement with Cree, or the Supply Agreement, which superseded and replaced our prior agreement with Cree. Under the Supply Agreement, subject to certain terms and conditions, we agreed to exclusively purchase from Cree, and Cree agreed to exclusively supply 100% of our required SiC materials in quarterly installments that must equal or exceed a set minimum order quantity. The initial term of the Supply Agreement was scheduled to expire on June 24, 2018. Effective June 22, 2018, the Supply Agreement was amended to extend the expiration date to June 25, 2023. The Supply Agreement was also amended to (i) provide us with one option, subject to certain conditions, to unilaterally extend the term of the Supply Agreement for an additional two-year period following expiration of the initial term; (ii) establish a process by which Cree may begin producing alternate SiC material based on our specifications that will give us the flexibility to use the materials in a broader variety of our products; and (iii) permit us to purchase certain amounts of SiC materials from third parties under limited conditions. On August 26, 2020, the Supply Agreement was further amended, effective June 30, 2020, to extend the expiration date to June 29, 2025, which may be further extended by mutual written agreement of the parties. The Supply Agreement was also amended to, among other things, (i) spread our total purchase commitment under the Supply Agreement in the amount of approximately $52.95 million over the term of the Supply Agreement, as amended; (ii) establish a process by which Cree has agreed to accept purchase orders in excess of the agreed-upon minimum purchase commitment, subject to certain conditions; and (iii) permit us to purchase revised amounts of SiC materials from third parties under limited conditions.

We believe that our Supply Agreement with Cree, which holds the U.S. patent for micropipe-free silicon carbide material and the related method of manufacture, provides us a superior quality core material above all other moissanite and one that possesses an unrivaled level of gemstone clarity. We also believe that the terms and conditions contained within the amended Supply Agreement are overall more favorable when compared with those in the Supply Agreement prior to the amendments. Our total purchase commitment under the Supply Agreement, as amended, until June 2025 is approximately $52.95 million, of which approximately $36.60 million remains to be purchased as of June 30, 2020.

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For more information regarding the second amendment to our Supply Agreement, executed on August 26, 2020, see Note 15 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Intellectual Property

We held a number of U.S. product and method patents for moissanite jewels that expired during 2015, under which we had broad, exclusive rights to manufacture, use, and sell moissanite jewels in the U.S. We held these same patents in 25 foreign jurisdictions, primarily across Asia and Europe, that expired in 2016, with one remaining in Mexico that expires in 2021. In addition, we have certain trademarks and pending trademark applications that support our moissanite branding strategy. Additionally, we have certain issued and pending design patents that if approved we believe will differentiate our products in the gemstone and jewelry industry. Since the expiration of our patents we have noted new providers of moissanite entering the market. We know how challenging it is to create high-quality moissanite and anticipate it will take emerging providers significant time and investment to bring meaningful and competitive products to market. As we experienced ourselves, achieving the capacity to consistently produce a high-quality moissanite product at mass scale requires a careful balance of SiC-specific faceting skills and a well-tuned global supply chain. Therefore, in the foreseeable future, we do not anticipate significant direct moissanite competition in our superior quality gemstone ranges with consistent production volumes.

Our success and our ability to compete successfully depends in part upon our proprietary technology. In addition to our remaining international patent, we rely on trade secret laws and employee, consultant, and customer confidentiality agreements to protect certain aspects of our technology. We currently are not subject to any claims that our products or processes infringe on the proprietary rights of third parties. At the present time, we are also dependent on Cree’s technology for the production of SiC crystals.

Manufacturing and Quality Assurance

Moissanite Jewels

The production of Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^® jewels is an elaborate process developed over a number of years of collaborative research and development, acquired and learned knowledge from scientists, and considerable investment expense.

Following are the key manufacturing processes of our moissanite jewels:

•

Growing gem-grade raw SiC crystals;

•

Manufacturing rough preforms;

•

Faceting and polishing jewels;

•

Inspecting, sorting, and grading; and

•

Engraving.

Growing Gem-Grade Raw SiC Crystals. SiC crystal growth suitable for gem-grade usage at commercial quantities is proprietary both in design and in operational methodology. Cree has grown the majority of our SiC crystals in accordance with the terms of the Supply Agreement. We routinely evaluate the yield and quality of saleable moissanite jewels from SiC crystals. The yield of saleable jewels from each crystal is one of the most significant factors affecting the volume and cost of moissanite jewels available for sale. Yield is dependent on the quality of the crystals, and variations in crystal quality can adversely affect our gross margin percentage.

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Manufacturing Rough Preforms. We have made considerable investment in the design, development, and customization of a proprietary manufacturing process that includes equipment, software, and procedures to maximize raw material yield. The result is production of intermediary shapes, called “preforms,” that vary depending upon the size and shape of the desired finished jewel. While we may not necessarily spend significant research and development funds during a specific operating period, we remain committed to invest research and development resources to improve raw material yield, including studying alternate preform shapes and cutting technologies, due to the dramatic effect such an improvement could have on our gross margin percentage.

Faceting and Polishing Jewels. Each preform is faceted and polished by our independent third-party gem-cutters to create what we believe to be our uniquely faceted Revolutionary Cut™ gemstones based on master designs with multiple quality control measures built into the process. Gem-cutter training is a regimented program involving several months of progressive hands-on bench training. As we continue to expand the assortment of Forever One^™, we will continue the process of certifying additional cutters to ensure sufficient scalability of our production capabilities to meet anticipated demand for this premium finished jewel.

Inspecting, Sorting, and Grading. Similar to other gemstones, each faceted moissanite jewel greater than 3.5 millimeters in size is individually graded against established master standards using our specially trained personnel. Additionally, as part of our overall quality assurance program, a representative sample from each batch of jewels is submitted to an image analyzer to ensure critical angles and other attributes designed to maximize moissanite’s optical properties are consistently maintained. This phase of manufacturing is relatively labor-intensive and requires skills not readily available in the general work force. In the future, we may elect to outsource certain portions of this stage of the manufacturing process to independent third parties that we will require to adhere to our rigorous quality control and monitoring standards.

Engraving. For moissanite gemstones that are four millimeters and larger in size, with certain exceptions Charles & Colvard laser inscribes an identifying code on the girdle of each Forever One^™ and Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® gemstone that includes the Charles & Colvard Floret logo. This identifier matches a grading standard and is an important element in protecting the integrity of Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^® and ensuring the customer an authentic Charles & Colvard gemstone.

Finished Jewelry

Our line of finished jewelry featuring moissanite is developed by a team of industry experts integrating our moissanite jewels into many forms of jewelry, generally made of precious metals, either designed or purchased by us utilizing a core group of suppliers, manufacturers, and finishers. In addition to our Limited Lifetime Warranty offered on our moissanite jewels, we provide a twelve-month Limited Warranty on all finished jewelry featuring our moissanite, and on jewelry designs that do not contain our moissanite gemstones, such as men’s wedding bands.

All procured finished jewelry components are sourced from our approved suppliers, and each finished jewelry item is jobbed and/or tracked by stock keeping unit, or SKU, utilizing our enterprise resource planning system. The components of moissanite finished jewelry comprised in each job are then manufactured into finished jewelry by assemblers either in the U.S. or internationally in China, India, Mexico, Hong Kong, Vietnam, or Portugal. We are continuously working with our existing manufacturing partners, as well as identifying new manufacturing partners, to expand our assortments and efficiencies.

All finished jewelry produced by Charles & Colvard undergoes a multi-point inspection process. A representative sampling of manufactured finished jewelry items undergoes stone and metals testing to ensure that the items for sale are of the quality that we strive to maintain. Also, in line with our goal of providing socially and ethically sourced products, we require suppliers of our gold and tantalum to certify that the gold and tantalum is coming from conflict free sources and that all precious metals supplied to us are responsibly sourced. If required by government ordinance or requested by a customer, we facilitate the inspection of our finished jewelry by internationally recognized testing facilities to comply with legal requirements and to ensure consumer confidence.

Working Capital Practices

Our primary source of working capital is cash on hand and cash generated by operations. As global and U.S economic activity slowed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced and anticipate ongoing constraints on our cash and working capital, including experiencing potential liquidity challenges. The impact of the pandemic has had – and is expected to continue having – an adverse effect on our operations and financial condition as revenues declined and, despite our cost-saving efforts, many business and operating expenses remained flat or continued to rise. Cash flow scrutiny will be crucial for our business in the months ahead as we anticipate seeing lower revenues resulting in less cash flow, along with delayed accounts receivable collections, as needs grow to step up payables to important suppliers. We expect to become more nimble in managing our inventory levels given the uncertainty in the supply chain, which may also place further demands on working capital. Because we have a quarterly minimum purchase commitment under the Supply Agreement, we may be required to purchase SiC materials in excess of our immediate needs from time to time, which may result in inventories that are higher than we might otherwise maintain.

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We have an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 on file with the SEC that allows us to periodically offer and sell, individually or in any combination, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, warrants to purchase shares of common stock or preferred stock, and units consisting of any combination of the foregoing types of securities, up to a total of $25.00 million, of which approximately $13.99 million remains available after giving effect to our June 2019 public offering, including the impact of the partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, described below. However, we may offer and sell no more than one-third of our public float (which is the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates) in any 12-month period. Our ability to issue equity securities under the shelf registration statement is subject to market conditions. In June 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 6,250,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.60 per share, which, together with the partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option for an additional 630,500 shares in July, resulted in aggregate net proceeds of approximately $9.99 million, net of the underwriting discount and fees and expenses.

Payment terms on trade receivables for our Traditional segment customers are generally between 30 and 90 days, though we may offer extended terms with specific customers and on significant orders from time to time. We extend credit to our customers based upon a number of factors, including an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and credit history that is verified through trade association reference services, the customer’s payment history with us, the customer’s reputation in the trade, and/or an evaluation of the customer’s opportunity to introduce our moissanite jewels or finished jewelry featuring moissanite to new or expanded markets.

Our returns policy for consumers on our charlesandcolvard.com website provides for the return of purchases for any reason generally within 60 days of shipment. Our returns policy for all other customers allows for the return of jewels and finished jewelry for credit generally within 30 days of shipment if returned for a valid reason. We have established an allowance for returns based on our historical return rate, which takes into account any contractual return privileges granted to our customers. Periodically, we ship loose jewel goods and finished jewelry goods inventory to Traditional segment customers on consignment terms. Under these terms, the customer assumes the risk of loss and has an absolute right of return for a specified period that typically ranges from six months to one year.

Competition

As competitive moissanite and lab-created diamond expand and grow their market presence, there is no more important time than now to confirm Charles & Colvard’s leadership position as the premier worldwide moissanite provider and to further establish our presence in emerging markets. We believe our leadership position is a product of more than 25 years of moissanite innovation, and is bolstered by the following strengths:

•

With our Forever One^TM gemstones, we believe that we have achieved a level of perfection that is rarely seen in any gemstone – featuring colorless grades with an innovative cut that we believe reveals optical properties unrivaled by any other jewel. This pinnacle of production is the outcome of continual improvement and artisan craft. Additionally, we believe that with our Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® gemstones we have brought forward a price-conscious alternative to competitive moissanite that we believe exceeds the quality of competitive moissanite – specifically in terms of clarity, as well as in cut and polish. The distinction between Forever One^TM and Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® is made through our applied expertise throughout the design and manufacturing processes and the discerning approach we believe we take to ensure the quality of Forever One^TM remains above any other offering available today. By closely evaluating clarity, color, and cut, we are able to determine which gemstones meet our exemplary standards for Forever One^TM and those that should bear the Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® name.

•

With an exclusive SiC crystal Supply Agreement with Cree, which holds the U.S. patent for micropipe-free silicon carbide material and the related method of manufacture, we believe this core raw material empowers Charles & Colvard to rise above all other moissanite with an unrivaled level of gemstone clarity.

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•

With our mature and innovative supply chain, while we have experienced instances of suppliers temporarily closing their operations, delaying order fulfillment or limiting their production as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have utilized alternative supply arrangements with partners whose businesses are not under stay-at-home orders or whose production came back online. Accordingly, we believe that we have remained able to seamlessly manage the complex manufacturing process of both our moissanite gemstones and the varied jewelry options we deliver to a global audience.

•

With an established direct-to-consumer presence and supporting digital marketing capacity, we believe we are able to leverage established communication channels directly with our target audience.

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With a global distribution network, and notwithstanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, we continue to believe that we have optimized this network for timely delivery of our products from unique consumer orders to bulk distribution orders.

•

With our significant inventory, we believe we are positioned to meet the just-in-time needs of our distribution partners. We believe having inventory quantities on the shelf is paramount to meeting the delivery requirements of our customers. As we balance our response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect to more rigidly manage our inventory levels given the uncertainty in consumer demand and in our supply chain.

With our above strengths outlined, it is also important to note that our future competitive success is reliant, in part, on the following:

•

Our continued success in developing and promoting the Charles & Colvard brands, such as Forever One^TM and Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^®, which are used in finished jewelry featuring moissanite, resulting in increased interest and demand for moissanite jewelry at the consumer level;

•

Our ability to differentiate Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^®from competing products, including competitive moissanite and the rapidly emerging lab-created diamond industry;

•

The ability to operationally execute our digital marketing strategy for our Online Channels segment;

•

Our continued ability and the ability of manufacturers, designers, and retail jewelers to select jewelry settings that encourage consumer acceptance of and demand for our moissanite jewels and finished jewelry;

•

The ability to understand our consumer market segment and effectively market to them a compelling value proposition that leads to converted customers;

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Our ability to continue our relationship with Cree in order to sustain our supply of high-quality SiC crystals;

•

The continued willingness and ability of our jewelry distributors and other jewelry suppliers, manufacturers, and designers to market and promote Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^® to the retail jewelry trade;

•

The continued willingness of distributors, retailers, and others in our distribution channels to purchase loose Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^®, and the continued willingness of manufacturers, designers, and retail jewelers to undertake setting of the loose jewels;

•

Our continued ability and the ability of jewelry manufacturers and retail jewelers to set loose moissanite jewels in finished jewelry with high-quality workmanship; and

•

Our continued ability and the ability of retail jewelers to effectively market and sell finished jewelry featuring moissanite to consumers.

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Competitive Gemstones and Jewelry

Gemstone materials can be grouped into three types:

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Those found in nature, generally through mining techniques;

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Synthetic gemstone, which has the same chemical composition and essentially the same physical and optical characteristics of natural gemstone but is created in a lab; and

•

Simulants, which are similar in appearance to natural gemstone but do not have the same chemical composition, physical properties, or optical characteristics.

Moissanite is a rare, naturally occurring mineral. Our lab-created gemstones, Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^®, are considered a synthetic version of the naturally occurring moissanite mineral. Our moissanite jewels compete with fine gemstones such as ruby, sapphire, emerald, and tanzanite as well as with mined diamonds. We also face competition from synthetic diamonds, synthetic diamond films, and other sources of moissanite gemstones. Some suppliers of diamonds and other fine gemstones, as well as the suppliers of synthetic and lab-created gemstones, may have substantially greater financial, technical, manufacturing, and marketing resources and greater access to distribution channels than we do.

Competing with Mined Diamonds

The worldwide market for large, uncut, high-quality mined diamonds is significantly consolidated and controlled by the De Beers Group of Companies, or De Beers, (headquartered in South Africa), Alrosa (Russia), Rio Tinto (Australia), and BHP (Canada). These companies have a major impact on the worldwide supply and pricing of mined diamonds at both the wholesale and retail levels. While moissanite trades at a fraction of the cost of mined diamonds, diamond producers may undertake additional marketing or other activities designed to protect the mined diamond jewelry market against sales erosion from consumer acceptance of competing goods such as moissanite jewels.

Competing with Lab-Created (Synthetic) Diamond

Lab-created diamond material has been synthesized since the early 1940s and made its way into industrial processes by the 1950s. Common applications such as diamond-tipped drill bits and abrasive processes led the way, followed by uses in solid-state electronics. In more recent years, lab-created diamonds have become accepted as a form of gemstone with companies such as Diamond Foundry, Pure Grown Diamonds and Lab Diamonds Direct gaining notoriety in the market.

Consumer demand is driving the charge behind this recent adoption of lab-created gemstones. Today’s discerning consumer is seeking ethically sourced options, better price points, and authenticity in the brands they choose to engage. We believe the recent rise in interest for lab-created diamond is creating a halo effect for the moissanite gemstone market. While we are experiencing growing traffic and interest in Charles & Colvard from the ongoing attention around lab-created gemstones, we may face future price point and consumer related demand pressures from the lab-created diamond industry. With current moissanite pricing averaging approximately 5% of mined diamond gemstones and approximately 10% of lab-created diamond, we believe that for the foreseeable future we will continue to be able to address an underserved segment of the market.

Competing with Other Moissanite Producers

Although we believe that our moissanite jewels have a leadership market position, we are beginning to face competition from other companies that develop competing SiC material. These products are emerging primarily from Eastern countries and are making their way into the U.S. market. Our ongoing research of the competitive landscape has identified competing moissanite, primarily in the “E-F” and below color range, according to the GIA’s grading scale. However, we have not yet identified competing moissanite that exhibits a consistent level of color, cut, clarity and polish that is competitive with the quality of our Forever One^TM gemstone.

We also have not identified competitive sources that have exhibited the ability to supply a consistent and high volume of quality moissanite substantial enough to address the considerable consumption needs of distributors and retailers that serve the jewelry trade. Achieving the capacity to consistently produce a high-quality moissanite product at mass scale requires a careful balance of SiC-specific faceting skills and a well-tuned global supply chain.

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However, we are seeing a grade of moissanite material reaching the market that exhibits a lower color rating and/or lesser cut, clarity and polish standard compared to our Forever One^TM gemstone. This inferior product is coming to market at competitive price points, and we have subsequently been experiencing downward pricing pressures from price-sensitive purchasing channels. In May 2018, we entered the market with a value line of moissanite to compete directly with these lower-grade moissanite products. This new value line, known as Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^®, is a competitively priced line of gemstones that is fashioned from the same core material as our other created moissanite products. Finished gemstones that do not meet our meticulous grading standards for Forever One^TM – but do meet our high specifications for gemstones worthy of carrying the Charles & Colvard name – will now be offered to the market at a value priced option. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, approximately 13% of our revenue was generated from Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® gemstones and finished jewelry – we believe this percentage of revenue is validating the market for this value-priced product line.

Competing with Simulants

While moissanite is a synthetic gemstone (a lab-created version of the naturally occurring SiC mineral), we may also, to a lesser degree, face competition from simulant gemstones, including cubic zirconia and man-made crystals. Producers and sellers of these products may see the markets for these products being eroded by the market penetration of our moissanite jewels. We believe that the substantially lower price of these products is the primary basis upon which they will compete with our moissanite jewels; however, they are not considered fine gemstone or jewelry products.

Competing in the Finished Jewelry Space

The global fine jewelry market competition is fierce. Such well-known jewelry designers and manufacturers as James Allen, Brilliant Earth, and Blue Nile, among others, have a variety of jewelry collections featuring diamond and other precious and semi-precious gemstones, and enjoy strong brand recognition and a loyal consumer following. These companies also have greater financial resources than we do to develop and market their products.

We intend to expand our market share and compete with these well-known brands primarily on the basis of the combination of quality, design, and value, as moissanite is the highest quality, affordable alternative available to more expensive gemstones such as diamond. We believe that focusing on the clear advantages in moissanite’s retail price points, especially in the one-carat and larger sizes, will provide a key point of differentiation and value proposition to the end consumer who may not have had the opportunity to previously purchase fine jewelry due to limitations in discretionary spending income.

In addition, we believe that the Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^® suite, including moissanite jewels such as Forever One^TMand Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^®, along with moissanite finished jewelry that we are developing pursuant to our marketing programs, may create a long-term competitive advantage for our products as we build brand recognition. We endeavor to partner with recognized designers and jewelry companies, in addition to developing our own proprietary brands of finished jewelry. While our finished jewelry business is still developing, our goal is to build multiple strong brands sought after by the end consumer. We propose to focus our marketing efforts on emphasizing our attractive designs, coupled with moissanite’s exceptional brilliance, fire, durability, and rarity, to establish moissanite as a primary consumer choice in fine jewelry.

Our design, manufacture and marketing of finished jewelry featuring moissanite for sale at wholesale pricing to distributors and retailers and at retail to end consumers through our charlesandcolvard.com and other Online Channels outlets may result in some of our current wholesale customers perceiving us as a competitor, despite our efforts to use primarily non-conflicting sales channels. As we continue to develop our finished jewelry business, we intend to increase distribution through new and existing channels similarly to how many other companies have executed cross-channel marketing and distribution strategies. Due to the size of the finished jewelry market, we believe that such sales channels can co-exist, with the overall end result being increased consumer and brand awareness of moissanite products and a corresponding increased demand for not only our products, but those of our distributor and manufacturer customers as well.

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Government Regulation

We are subject to governmental regulations in the manufacture and sale of moissanite jewels and finished jewelry. In particular, in July 2018 the Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, issued updated guidelines governing the description of lab-grown diamonds and other gemstones that require such gemstones to be clearly identified as to the gemstone’s lab-grown origin in any promotional or marketing materials. In addition, the precious metal in our finished jewelry may be subject to requirements, which vary by country and by state, such as hallmarking and alloy content. While we have a policy to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, if our actions are found to be in violation of FTC or other governmental regulations, we may be required to suspend marketing of our products and could incur significant expenses in developing new marketing strategies and materials that would not violate governmental regulations.

Employees

As of August 28, 2020, we had a total of 48 employees, all of whom were full-time and none of whom were part-time. None of our employees are represented by a labor union. We believe that our employee relations are good.

Directors and Executive Officers of Charles & Colvard, Ltd.

The members of our current Board of Directors are the following:

Neal I. Goldman

Chairman of the Board of Directors of Charles & Colvard, Ltd.; President of Goldman Capital Management, Inc., an investment advisory firm.

Anne M. Butler

Chief Executive Officer of Butler Advisors, a consulting firm specializing in strategic and operational advising to private equity, venture capital, and institutional investors on direct selling acquisitions and management.

Benedetta Casamento

Retail Consultant specializing in finance, business operations, and financial planning and analysis.

Don O’Connell

President and Chief Executive Officer of Charles & Colvard, Ltd.

Ollin B. Sykes

President of Sykes & Company, P.A., a regional accounting firm specializing in accounting, tax, and financial advisory services.

Our current executive officers are the following:

Don O’Connell

President and Chief Executive Officer

Clint J. Pete

Chief Financial Officer

Available Information

Our corporate information is accessible through our website at https://www.charlesandcolvard.com. We are not including the information contained on our website as a part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We make available, free of charge, access on our website to all reports we file with, or furnish to, the SEC, including our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. A copy of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other reports are available without charge upon written request to Investor Relations, Charles & Colvard, Ltd., 170 Southport Drive, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560.

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Item 1A.

Risk Factors

We operate in a dynamic and rapidly changing business environment that involves substantial risk and uncertainty, and these risks may change over time. The following discussion addresses some of the risks and uncertainties that could cause, or contribute to causing, actual results to differ materially from expectations. In evaluating our business, you should pay particular attention to the descriptions of risks and uncertainties described below. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

The COVID-19 pandemic and related global economic impacts have adversely affected our business and are expected to continue to adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. The global outbreak of COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and a national emergency by the U.S. Government in March 2020, and has negatively affected the U.S. and global economy. In response to this pandemic, federal, state, county and local governments and public health organizations and authorities around the world have implemented a variety of measures intended to control the spread of the virus including quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders, travel restrictions, school closures, business limitations and closures, social distancing and hygiene requirements. These measures have adversely affected workforces, customers, economies and global supply chains, and resulted in significant travel and transport restrictions – all of which have combined to lead to an economic downturn. It has also disrupted the normal operations of many businesses, including ours.

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, state and local governmental mandates required a forced shutdown of our facility which may impact us for an extended period. In response, in April 2020 we furloughed approximately 50% of our employee base at that time, principally within our operations area. While most of our operations employees subsequently have been phased back into employment, these actions materially impacted our productivity. Effective June 1, 2020, we also enacted a significant reduction-in-force, or RIF, that reduced our active workforce by approximately 25% and included the elimination of senior-level sales, marketing, information technology, and operations personnel as well as executive-level sales and marketing positions. Since March 2020, a significant number of our executive and staff employees have been and continue to be working from home. The widespread outbreak of COVID-19 could also adversely affect our workforce in terms of serious health issues and absenteeism, which could further materially impact our productivity. The pandemic has also interfered with general commercial activity related to our supply chain, including our raw material and components sources. We have experienced widespread instances of suppliers temporarily closing their operations, delaying order fulfillment or limiting their production, impacting our ability to produce finished goods and deliver to our customers. In our Traditional segment, our brick-and-mortar customers began closing their stores to foot traffic in March, with tentative plans to re-open on a rolling schedule that may lead into the fall timeframe or later. We have also experienced widespread instances of distributors reducing or closing their operations, impacting our ability to maintain significant levels of sales through our wholesale sales customers. In addition, trade shows, industry events and product demonstrations have been preemptively cancelled for the critical production season leading up to the calendar year-end 2020 holiday season. As a result, our selling activities and our ability to convert those activities into sales have been, and we expect will continue to be, adversely impacted by the pandemic. In our Online Channels segment, our transactional website charlesandcolvard.com remains open, but is restricted to available stock and the limited production capacity of functioning suppliers. In addition, our ability to draw down from our existing credit facility with White Oak Commercial Finance, LLC, or White Oak, is currently restricted as a result of our diminished borrowing base, which is tied to our accounts receivable. While we are seeing business strengthen in both our Online Channels and Traditional segments, our business, financial condition, and results of operations are expected to continue to be adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic until business resumes to pre-pandemic levels.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts us will depend on numerous evolving factors and future developments that are uncertain and that we are not able to predict at this time. These factors include: the severity of the virus; the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business, individual and other actions taken in response to the pandemic; the effect on our suppliers and distributors, and disruptions to the global supply chain; the impact on economic activity; the extent and duration of the impact on Traditional segment partner confidence and order placements; the effect on consumer demand and their buying patterns for our products; the effect of any closures or other changes in operations of our and our suppliers’ and distributors’ facilities; the health of and the effect on our employees and our ability to meet staffing needs in our manufacturing and distribution facility and other critical functions, particularly if employees become ill, are quarantined as a result of exposure or are reluctant to show up for work; our ability to sell our products worldwide and provide customer support, including as a result of travel restrictions, work from home requirements and arrangements and other restrictions or changes in behavior or preferences for interactions; restrictions or disruptions to transportation, including reduced availability of ground, sea or air transport; the ability of our distributors, retailers, third party customers and consumers to pay for our products; the effect of the fair value measurement of certain assets or liabilities; and the effect on our ability to access capital, including government stimulus funds, on favorable terms and continue to meet our liquidity needs. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may continue to experience adverse impacts to our business as a result of any economic recession that has occurred or may continue for the foreseeable future. The COVID-19 pandemic could also exacerbate or trigger other risks discussed in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, any of which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We continue to monitor the pandemic, have actively implemented policies and procedures to address the current business and economic environment, and may adjust our current policies and procedures as more information and guidance become available to address the evolving situation.

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Our future financial performance depends upon increased consumer acceptance, growth of sales of our products, and operational execution of our strategic initiatives. We believe that most consumers are not generally aware of the existence and attributes of moissanite jewels and that the consumer market for moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite remains in the early stages of development. The degree of future market acceptance and demand is subject to a significant amount of uncertainty. Our future financial performance will depend, in part, upon greater consumer acceptance of moissanite jewels as an ethically-sourced, affordable, luxurious alternative to other gemstones, such as diamond, and our ability to develop brands and execute strategic initiatives, in particular, our Online Channels segment, to grow our sales and operating income. As we execute our strategy to build and reinvest in our business, significant expenses and investment of cash will be required going forward and this may adversely affect our operating income. If we are unable to execute and achieve desired revenue levels, we may adjust our strategic initiatives in response to the results of our investments.

In addition, consumer acceptance may be affected by retail jewelers’ and jewelry manufacturers’ acceptance of moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite. The quality, design, and workmanship of the jewelry settings, whether manufactured by us or other manufacturers, could affect both consumers’ perception and acceptance of our products and costs incurred by returns and markdowns. Additionally, as other competitors enter the market, the lower quality of competitors’ gemstones could negatively impact consumer perception of moissanite, and in turn, acceptance of our jewels.

Thus, our future financial performance may be affected by:

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Our ability to differentiate Charles & Colvard Created Moissanite^®from competing products, including competitive moissanite and the rapidly-emerging lab-created diamond industry;

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The ability to operationally execute our digital marketing strategy for our Online Channels segment;

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The ability to understand our consumer market segment and effectively market to them a compelling value proposition that leads to converted customers;

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Our ability to continue our relationship with Cree in order to sustain our supply of high-quality SiC crystals;

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Our continued ability and the ability of jewelry manufacturers and retail jewelers to set loose moissanite jewels in finished jewelry with high-quality workmanship; and

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Our continued ability and the ability of retail jewelers to effectively market and sell finished jewelry featuring moissanite to consumers.

The execution of our business plans could significantly impact our liquidity. The execution of our business plans to expand our Online Channels segment and global market opportunities, as well as to create required inventory of our Forever One^TMand Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® jewels, requires significant investment of our resources, which may reduce our cash position. Should we fail to execute on our business plans, we could see delays in the return of cash from our investments, resulting in a liquidity shortfall. Under the $5.00 million asset-based revolving credit facility, or the White Oak Credit Facility, that we obtained from White Oak on July 13, 2018, failure to meet one or more of the following covenants could restrict our ability to draw on the White Oak Credit Facility: (i) failure to provide White Oak with certain financial information; (ii) failure to make required payments to third parties; and (iii) failure to comply with the other covenants and defaults contained in the White Oak Credit Facility, including a financial covenant to maintain at least $500,000 in excess availability (as defined under the White Oak Credit Facility). Our ability to draw down from the White Oak Credit Facility is currently restricted as a result of our diminished borrowing base, which is tied to our accounts receivable. In addition, we currently have an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 on file with the SEC that allows us to periodically offer and sell, individually or in any combination, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, warrants to purchase shares of common stock or preferred stock, and units consisting of any combination of the foregoing types of securities, up to a total of $25.00 million (approximately $13.99 million after giving effect to our June 2019 public offering, including the impact of the partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option). However, we may offer and sell no more than one-third of our public float (which is the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates) in any 12-month period. If we are not able to draw on the White Oak Credit Facility, or if we are unable to access the capital markets when we need to or issue equity on terms that are acceptable to us or at all, our cash and cash equivalents and other working capital may be insufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs. The White Oak Credit Facility matures on July 13, 2021, and there is no guarantee of extension or renewal.

Our business and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected as a result of our inability to fulfill orders on a timely basis. As sales of our loose moissanite jewels increase, including our Forever One^TM and Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® gemstones, availability of certain shapes and sizes may be at risk. In addition, finished jewelry has a large variety of styles of which we maintain on-hand stock for such core designs as stud earrings, solitaire and three-stone rings, pendants, and bracelets; and made-to-order under strict deadlines for certain wholesale and direct-to-consumer e-commerce outlets. We must adequately maintain relationships, forecast demand, and operate within the lead times of third parties that facet jewels and manufacture finished jewelry settings to ensure adequate on-hand quantities and/or the shipment of customer orders in a timely manner as we transition certain customers from Forever Brilliant^® and Forever Classic^TMto Forever One^TMor Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^®. In addition, we are currently dependent upon certain vendors for most of the faceting of our loose jewels. If any or all of these vendors were to cancel their arrangements with us, we could experience a disruption in our operations and incur additional costs to procure faceting services from a replacement vendor. The inability to fulfill orders on a timely basis and within promised customer deadlines could result in a cancellation of the orders and loss of customer goodwill that could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, and may continue to cause, us or our distributors, vendors, and/or customers to temporarily suspend our or their respective operations and have an adverse impact on our ability to fulfill orders on a timely basis.

The financial difficulties or insolvency of one or more of our major customers or their lack of willingness and ability to market our products could adversely affect results. We are subject to a concentration of credit risk amongst our major customers (some of whom are distributors), and a default by any of these customers on their amounts owed to us could have a material adverse effect on our financial position. Future sales and our ability to collect accounts receivable depend, in part, on the financial strength of our customers and our distributors’ willingness and ability to successfully market our products. We estimate an allowance for accounts for which collectability is at risk and this allowance adversely impacts profitability. In the event customers experience greater than anticipated financial difficulties, insolvency, or difficulty marketing products, we expect profitability to be further adversely impacted by our failure to collect accounts receivable in excess of the amount due, net of the estimated allowance. In these circumstances, we may demand the return of product sold to such customers, resulting in an increase in inventory and a reduction in accounts receivable. Uncertainty in the current economic environment, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, constrained access to capital, the impact of inflation on our currency, and general market contractions has heightened, and may continue to heighten, our exposure to customer default and generate lower than expected distributor sales.

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We face intense competition in the worldwide jewelry industry. The jewelry industry is highly competitive and we compete with numerous other jewelry products. In addition, we face competition from mined diamonds, lab-created (synthetic) diamonds, other moissanite products, and simulants. A substantial number of companies supply products to the jewelry industry, many of whom we believe have greater financial resources than we do. Competitors could develop new or improved technologies, including those for lab-grown diamonds, that may render the price point for moissanite noncompetitive, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We have previously relied on our patent rights and other intellectual property rights to maintain our competitive position. Our U.S. product and method patents for moissanite jewels expired in 2015 and most of our patents in foreign jurisdictions expired in 2016 with only one in Mexico remaining (which expires in 2021). However, we have certain trademarks and pending trademark applications that support our moissanite branding strategy. Additionally, we have certain pending design patents that we believe, if approved, will differentiate our products in the gemstone and jewelry industry. Notwithstanding the foregoing, since the expiration of our patents we have noted new providers of moissanite and competitive products entering the market. However, as we experienced ourselves, achieving the capacity to consistently produce a high-quality moissanite product at mass scale requires a careful balance of SiC-specific faceting skills and a well-tuned global supply chain. As our pending patent rights and other pending intellectual property rights are approved, we will continue to rely on these patents and our carefully-executed brand awareness and digital marketing campaigns to build our consumer relationships and maintain our competitive position going forward. If, however, we are unable to successfully build strong brands for our moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite or competition grows faster than expected, we may not have commercially meaningful protection for our products or a commercial advantage against our competitors or their competitive products or processes, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are subject to certain risks due to our international operations, distribution channels and vendors. We have continued to expand our direct international sales operations, with international net sales accounting for approximately 8% of total consolidated net sales during Fiscal 2020. We also currently have numerous international wholesale distributors and retail sales channels covering portions of Canada, the UK, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and the Greater China Region. In addition, we use certain companies based outside the U.S. to facet our moissanite jewels and to manufacture finished jewelry. We plan to continue to increase marketing and sales efforts and anticipate expanding our direct international sales in addition to continuing to serve international distributors. Any international expansion plans we choose to undertake will increase the complexity of our business, require attention from management and other personnel and cause additional strain on our operations, financial resources and our internal financial control and reporting functions. Further, our expansion efforts may be unsuccessful as we have limited experience selling our products in certain international markets and in conforming to the local cultures, standards or policies necessary to successfully compete in those markets. In addition, we may have to compete with retailers that have more experience with local markets. Our ability to expand and succeed internationally may also be limited by the demand for our products, the ability to successfully transact in foreign currencies, the ability of our brand to resonate with consumers globally and the adoption of online or Internet commerce in these markets. Different privacy, censorship and liability standards and regulations, and different intellectual property laws in foreign countries may also prohibit expansion into such markets or cause our business and results of operations to suffer. Through our planned international expansion and our continued reliance on development of foreign markets and use of foreign vendors, we are subject to the risks of conducting business outside of the U.S.

These risks include the following:

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the adverse effects on U.S.-based companies operating in foreign markets that might result from war; terrorism; changes in diplomatic, trade, or business relationships (including labor disputes); or other political, social, religious, or economic instability;

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an outbreak of a contagious disease, such as COVID-19, which may cause us or our distributors, vendors, and/or customers to temporarily suspend our or their respective operations in the affected city or country;

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the continuing adverse economic effects of any global financial crisis;

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unexpected changes in, or impositions of, legislative or regulatory requirements;

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delays resulting from difficulty in obtaining export licenses;

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international regulatory requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers and restrictions, including the consequences of U.S. led tariff actions;

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the burdens of complying with a variety of foreign laws and regulations, including foreign taxation and varying consumer and data protection laws, and other factors beyond our control, and the risks of non-compliance;

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longer payment cycles and greater difficulty in collecting accounts receivable;

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our reliance on third-party carriers for product shipments to our customers;

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risk of theft of our products during shipment;

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limited payment, shipping and insurance options for us and our customers;

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difficulties in obtaining export, import or other business licensing requirements;

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customs and import processes, costs or restrictions;

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the potential difficulty of enforcing agreements with foreign customers and suppliers; and

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the complications related to collecting accounts receivable through a foreign country’s legal or banking system.

In particular, there is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries, with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations, and tariffs. For example, the recent imposition of tariffs and/or increase in tariffs on various products by the U.S. and other countries, including China and Canada, have introduced greater uncertainty with respect to trade policies and government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries, and new and/or increased tariffs have subjected, and may in the future subject, us to additional costs and expenditure of resources. Major developments in trade relations, including the imposition of new or increased tariffs by the U.S. and/or other countries, and any emerging nationalist trends in specific countries could alter the trade environment and consumer purchasing behavior which, in turn, could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. While the U.S. and China recently signed a “phase one” trade deal on January 15, 2020 to reduce planned increases to tariffs, concerns over the stability of bilateral trade relations remain. In addition, the UK’s exit from the European Union on January 31, 2020, known as Brexit, and the ongoing negotiations of the future trading relationship between the UK and the European Union during the transition period set to end December 31, 2020 have yet to provide clarity on what the outcome will be for the UK or Europe. Changes related to Brexit could subject us to heightened risks in that region, including disruptions to trade and free movement of goods, services and people to and from the UK, disruptions to the workforce of our business partners, increased foreign exchange volatility with respect to the British pound and additional legal, political and economic uncertainty. If these actions impacting our international distribution and sales channels result in increased costs for us or our international partners, such changes could result in higher costs to us, adversely affecting our operations, particularly as we expand our international presence.

Additionally, while substantially all of our foreign transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars, foreign currency fluctuations could impact demand for our products or the ability of our foreign suppliers to continue to perform. Further, some of our foreign distributors operate relatively small businesses and may not have the financial stability to assure their continuing presence in their markets. There can be no assurance that the foregoing factors will not adversely affect our operations in the future or require us to modify our anticipated business practices.

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Our business and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected as a result of general economic and market conditions. Our business, including our sales volumes and overall profitability, could be adversely impacted by disruptions in global financial markets, including severely diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, increased unemployment rates, and uncertainty about economic stability including the increased risk of global trade tensions. We are unable to predict the likely duration and severity of the effects of these disruptions in the financial markets and the adverse global economic conditions, and if economic conditions deteriorate, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. The consequences of such adverse effects could include interruptions or delays in our suppliers’ performance of our contracts, reductions and delays in customer purchases, delays in or the inability of customers to obtain financing to purchase our products, and bankruptcy of customers and/or suppliers.

Luxury products, such as fine jewelry, are discretionary purchases for consumers. Recessionary economic cycles, higher interest rates, higher fuel and energy costs, inflation, levels of unemployment, conditions in the residential real estate and mortgage markets, access to credit, consumer debt levels, unsettled financial markets, and other economic factors that may affect consumer spending or buying habits could materially and adversely affect demand for our products. In addition, volatility in the financial markets has had and may continue to have a negative impact on consumer spending patterns. A reduction in consumer spending or disposable income may affect us more significantly than companies in other industries and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are currently dependent on a limited number of distributor and retail partners in our Traditional segment for the sale of our products. A significant portion of the moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite that we sell are distributed through a limited number of distributors and retail partners in our Traditional segment, and therefore, we are dependent upon these companies for distribution of our products. Our three largest customers collectively accounted for approximately 33% and 30% of our net sales during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As we continue to build our finished jewelry business, we anticipate in the near term that a significant portion of the moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite that we sell through our Traditional segment will continue to be to a limited number of distributors and retailers.

We rely on assumptions, estimates and data to calculate certain of our key metrics and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business. We believe that certain metrics are key to our business, including but not limited to average order value, or AOV, average advertising spend per customer, and repeat customers. As both the industry in which we operate and our business continue to evolve, so too might the metrics by which we evaluate our business. While the calculation of these metrics is based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates, our internal tools are not independently verified by a third party and may have a number of limitations and, furthermore, our methodologies for tracking these metrics may change over time. Given the difficulty in tracking consumers online, calculations of our unique visitors may not accurately reflect the number of people actually visiting our platforms. We continue to improve upon our tools and methodologies to capture data and believe that our current metrics are accurate; however, the improvement of our tools and methodologies could cause inconsistency between current data and previously reported data, which could confuse investors or lead to questions about the integrity of our data. In addition, if the internal tools we use to track these metrics under-count or over-count performance or contain algorithm or other technical errors, the data we report may not be accurate. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these metrics.

Our failure to maintain compliance with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements could result in the delisting of our common stock. Our common stock is currently listed on The Nasdaq Capital Market. In order to maintain this listing, we must satisfy minimum financial and other requirements. On March 24, 2020, we received a notification letter from Nasdaq’s Listing Qualifications Department indicating that we are not in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), because the minimum bid price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market has closed below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), we have 180 calendar days to regain compliance with the minimum bid requirement; however, due to the market disruption caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, Nasdaq tolled the requirement for meeting the minimum bid price until June 30, 2020. As such, we have until December 4, 2020, to achieve compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of our common stock must meet or exceed $1.00 per share for at least ten consecutive business days before December 4, 2020. If we do not regain compliance during this cure period, we expect that Nasdaq will provide written notification to us that our common stock will be delisted. At that time, we may appeal Nasdaq’s delisting determination to a Nasdaq hearing panel.

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While we intend to engage in efforts to regain compliance, and thus maintain our listing, there can be no assurance that we will be able to regain compliance during the applicable time periods set forth above. If we fail to continue to meet all applicable Nasdaq Capital Market requirements in the future and Nasdaq determines to delist our common stock, the delisting could substantially decrease trading in our common stock; adversely affect the market liquidity of our common stock as a result of the loss of market efficiencies associated with Nasdaq and the loss of federal preemption of state securities laws; adversely affect our ability to obtain financing on acceptable terms, if at all; and may result in the potential loss of confidence by investors, suppliers, customers, and employees and fewer business development opportunities. Additionally, the market price of our common stock may decline further and shareholders may lose some or all of their investment.

We may experience quality control challenges from time to time that can result in lost revenue and harm to our brands and reputation. Part of our strategy for success is to align Charles & Colvard with reputable, high-quality, and sophisticated strategic partners. The achievement of this goal depends in large part on our ability to provide customers with high-quality moissanite and finished jewelry featuring moissanite. Although we take measures to ensure that we sell only the best quality products, we may face quality control challenges, which could impact our competitive advantage. There can be no assurance we will be able to detect and resolve all quality control issues prior to shipment of products to our distributors, manufacturers, retailers, and end consumers. Failure to do so could result in lost revenue, lost customers, significant warranty and other expenses, and harm to our reputation.

Seasonality of our business may adversely affect our net sales and operating income. Sales in the retail jewelry industry are typically seasonal due to increased consumer purchases during the calendar year-end holiday season. Because historically we have primarily sold our loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry featuring moissanite at wholesale pricing to distributors, manufacturers, and retailers, our sales to support the holiday season have largely taken place during the third and beginning of the fourth calendar quarters, depending on the sales channel and the level of advance planning and production our customers undertook. As sales of our finished jewelry featuring moissanite to retailers and directly to consumers increase, both in dollars and as a percentage of total sales, our results for the three months in the calendar quarter ending December 31 of each year may depend upon the general level of retail sales during the holiday season as well as general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control. In anticipation of increased sales activities during the three months in the calendar quarter ending December 31 of each year, we may incur significant additional expenses in the second half of the calendar year.

In recent years, excluding one-time sales events, we have experienced a higher degree of seasonality in the three months ending December 31 than we have experienced in prior years primarily as a result of the calendar year-end holiday season sales to end consumers through our Online Channels segment and as a result of increased sales through our brick-and-mortar retailers within our Traditional segment. Our quarterly results of operations may continue to fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including seasonal cycles, the timing of new product introductions, the timing of orders by our customers, and the mix of product sales demand, and these factors may significantly affect our results of operations in a given quarter.

Our operations could be disrupted by natural disasters. We conduct substantially all of our activities, including executive management, manufacturing, packaging, and distribution activities, at one North Carolina location. Although we have taken precautions to safeguard our facility, including obtaining business interruption insurance, any future natural disaster, such as a hurricane, flood or fire, could significantly disrupt our operations and delay or prevent product shipment during the time required to repair, rebuild or replace our facility, which could be lengthy and result in significant expenses. Furthermore, the insurance coverage we maintain may not be adequate to cover our losses in any particular case or continue to be available at commercially reasonable rates and terms. In addition, the vendors that perform some of the faceting of our loose moissanite jewels are located in regions that are susceptible to tsunamis, flooding, and other natural disasters that may cause a disruption in our vendors’ operations for sustained periods and the loss or damage of our work-in-process inventories located at such vendors’ facilities. Damage or destruction that interrupts our ability to deliver our products could impair our relationships with our customers. Prolonged disruption of our services as a result of a natural disaster may result in product delivery delays, order cancellations, and loss of substantial revenue, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Our PPP Loan may not be forgiven or may subject us to challenges and investigations regarding qualification for the loan. We received a loan pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the CARES Act, as administered by the SBA. The PPP Loan in the principal amount of $965,000 was disbursed by Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC, or the Lender, a nationally licensed lender under the SBA on June 18, 2020 pursuant to the Promissory Note issued by us on June 15, 2020. Pursuant to Section 1106 of the CARES Act, we may apply for and be granted forgiveness for all or a portion of the PPP Loan. Such forgiveness will be determined, subject to limitations, based on the use of the loan proceeds for qualifying expenses, which include payroll costs, rent, and utility costs. We cannot provide any assurance that we will be eligible for loan forgiveness, that we will ultimately apply for forgiveness, or that any amount of the PPP Loan will ultimately be forgiven by the SBA.

Additionally, the PPP Loan application required us to certify that the current economic uncertainty made the PPP Loan request necessary to support our ongoing operations. While we made this certification in good faith after analyzing, among other things, our financial situation and access to alternative forms of capital, and believe that we satisfied all eligibility criteria for the PPP Loan and that our anticipated receipt of the PPP Loan is consistent with the broad objectives of the Paycheck Protection Program of the CARES Act, the certification described above does not contain any objective criteria and is subject to interpretation. In addition, the SBA has stated that it is unlikely that a public company with substantial market value and access to capital markets will be able to make the required certification in good faith. The lack of clarity regarding loan eligibility under the program has resulted in significant media coverage and controversy with respect to public companies applying for and receiving loans. If, despite our good faith belief that we satisfied all eligibility requirements for the PPP Loan, we are found to have been ineligible to receive the PPP Loan or in violation of any of the laws or regulations that apply to us in connection with the PPP Loan, including the False Claims Act, we may be subject to penalties, including significant civil, criminal and administrative penalties and could be required to repay the PPP Loan. In the event that we seek forgiveness of all or a portion of the anticipated PPP Loan, we will also be required to make certain certifications which will be subject to audit and review by governmental entities and could subject us to significant penalties and liabilities if found to be inaccurate. In addition, our anticipated receipt of the PPP Loan may result in adverse publicity and damage to our reputation, and a review or audit by the SBA or other government entity or claims under the False Claims Act could consume significant financial and management resources. Any of these events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm the value of our products and brands and adversely affect our business. We rely primarily on patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual restrictions, to establish and protect our proprietary rights, all of which provide only limited protection. We held U.S. product and method patents for moissanite jewels, which expired in 2015, under which we believed that we had broad, exclusive rights to manufacture, use, and sell moissanite jewels in the U.S. We had these same patents in 25 foreign jurisdictions primarily across Asia and Europe that expired in 2016 and one that will expire in Mexico in 2021. However, our patent expirations have enabled competitors and other businesses to duplicate and market a similar product and enter the marketplace. Without patent protection, we must rely primarily on our branding strategy and the Supply Agreement under which Cree supplies SiC crystals exclusively to us, as well as confidentiality procedures, to protect our proprietary rights, which may or may not be sufficient. In addition, at the present time, we are primarily dependent on Cree’s technology for the production of SiC crystals. There can be no assurance that any patents issued to or licensed by or to us will provide any significant commercial protection, that we will have sufficient resources to protect our respective patents and proprietary rights, that any additional patents will be issued in the future, or that any existing or future patents will be upheld by a court should we seek to enforce our rights against an infringer.

The existence of valid patents does not prevent other companies from independently developing competing technologies. Existing producers of SiC crystals or others may refine existing processes for growing SiC crystals or develop new technologies for growing large single crystals of SiC or colorless SiC crystals in a manner that does not infringe any patents issued to or licensed by or to us. Accordingly, existing and potential competitors have been able to develop products that are competitive with or superior to certain of our products, and such competition could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

In addition, we have certain trademarks and pending trademark applications that support our moissanite branding strategy. The success of our growth strategy may depend on our continued ability to use our existing brand names in order to increase consumer awareness and further develop strong brands around our moissanite jewels and finished jewelry collections. We cannot assure that any future trademark or other registrations will be issued for pending or future applications or that we will be able to obtain licenses or other contractual rights to use brand names that may infringe the proprietary rights of third parties. We also cannot assure that any registered or unregistered trademarks or other intellectual property or contractual rights will be enforceable or provide adequate protection of our proprietary rights. Our inability to secure proprietary protection with respect to our brands could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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We also cannot be certain that our products and brand names do not or will not infringe valid patents, trademarks, and other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be subject to legal proceedings and claims from time to time relating to the intellectual property of others in the ordinary course of our business. Litigation to determine the validity of any third party’s claims could result in significant expense and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, whether or not such litigation is determined in our favor. In the event of an adverse result of any such litigation, we could be required to expend significant resources to develop non-infringing technology or to obtain licenses for, and pay royalties on the use of, the technology subject to the litigation. We have no assurance that we would be successful in such development or that any such license would be available on commercially reasonable terms.

Negative or inaccurate information on social media could adversely affect our brand and reputation. We are actively using various forms of digital and social media outreach to accomplish greater awareness of our brand and the value proposition we offer. These social media platforms and other forms of Internet-based communications allow access not only by us, but by any individual, to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. Consumers value readily available information concerning goods that they have or plan to purchase; however, they may act on such information without further investigation or authentication. Many social media platforms, including those relating to recruiting and placement activities, immediately publish the content of their participants’ posts, often without filters or checks on accuracy of the content posted. While we actively monitor social media sites, we may be unable to quickly and effectively respond to or correct inaccurate and/or unfavorable information posted on social media platforms. Any such information may harm our reputation or brand, which could in turn materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We depend on a single supplier for substantially all of our SiC crystals, the raw materials we use to produce moissanite jewels; if our supply of high-quality SiC crystals is interrupted, our business may be materially harmed. We are party to an exclusive supply agreement with Cree, which we depend on for the provision of substantially all of the SiC material we use to produce moissanite jewels. Under the terms and conditions of the Supply Agreement, we agreed to purchase from Cree, and Cree agreed to supply, all of our required SiC material, subject to terms and conditions that allow us to purchase certain amounts of SiC materials from third parties under limited conditions. The Supply Agreement is set to expire in 2025, but may be further extended upon mutual agreement of the parties to the Supply Agreement. If our supply of high-quality SiC crystals is interrupted, then we may not be able to meet demand for moissanite jewels and our business may be materially and adversely affected. Cree has certain proprietary rights relating to its process for growing large single crystals of SiC and its process for growing colorless and near-colorless SiC crystals. There is no guaranty that we would be able to obtain similar quality SiC crystals from another provider. There can be no assurance that Cree will be able to continue to produce and supply us with SiC crystals of sufficient quality, sizes, and volumes that we desire or that we will be able to continue to negotiate future purchase commitments at acceptable prices that enable us to manage our inventories and raw material costs effectively.

Sales of moissanite jewelry could be dependent upon the pricing of precious metals, which is beyond our control. Any increases in the market price of precious metals (primarily gold) could affect the pricing and sales of jewelry incorporating moissanite jewels. The majority of price increases in precious metals are passed on to the end consumer in the form of higher prices for finished jewelry. These higher prices could have a negative impact on the sell-through of moissanite jewelry at the retail level. From 2006 through 2020, the price of gold has increased significantly, resulting in higher retail price points for gold jewelry. Accordingly, higher gold prices could have an adverse impact on both sales of moissanite finished jewelry and the jewelry industry as a whole.

Our current customers may potentially perceive us as a competitor in the finished jewelry business. As described above, we are currently dependent on a limited number of customers, including distributors and retailers, for the sale of our products in the Traditional segment. Our design, manufacture, and marketing of finished jewelry featuring moissanite for sale to distributors and retailers may result in some of these current customers perceiving us as a competitor, despite our efforts to use primarily non-conflicting sales channels. In response, these customers may choose to reduce their orders for our products. This reduction in orders could occur faster than our sales growth in this business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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If the e-commerce opportunity changes dramatically or if e-commerce technology or providers change their models, our results of operations may be adversely affected. As e-commerce emerges as one of our primary selling channels, our business model becomes more reliant on third-party platforms to achieve success. Should our products, product listings, or business not meet the requirements of certain third-party transactional channels such as marketplaces, comparison shopping engines, or social commerce sites, it may affect our ability to meet our revenue targets. Additionally, Amazon, eBay, Walmart.com, Gemvara, or other desirable e-commerce platforms may decide to make significant changes to their respective business models, policies, systems, or plans, and those changes could impair or inhibit our ability to sell our products through those channels. Further, a significant change in consumer online behavior or the introduction of new or disruptive technology could adversely affect overall e-commerce trends and diminish the value of investments we have made in select online channels. Any of these results could cause a significant reduction in our revenue and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

A failure of our information technology, or IT, infrastructure or a failure to protect confidential information of our customers and our network against security breaches could adversely impact our business and operations. We rely upon the capacity, reliability, and security of our IT infrastructure and our ability to expand and continually update this infrastructure in response to the changing needs of our business related to the deployment, integration, and management of new technology. For example, we regularly implement new IT systems and update payment gateways that support our Online Channels segment. As we implement and integrate new systems, as well as retire and de-integrate existing systems, the IT operating environment following such changes may not perform as expected. We also face the challenge of supporting our older systems and implementing necessary upgrades. If we experience a problem with the functioning of an important IT system or a security breach of our IT systems, the resulting disruptions could have an adverse effect on our business.

In addition, we and certain of our third-party vendors receive and store personal information associated with our sales operations and other aspects of our business. In connection with our e-commerce business, we rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties to effect secure transmission of confidential information, including credit card numbers. Our disclosure controls and procedures address cybersecurity and include elements intended to ensure that there is an analysis of potential disclosure obligations arising from security breaches. We also maintain compliance programs to address the potential applicability of restrictions against trading while in possession of material, nonpublic information generally and in connection with a cybersecurity breach. The breakdown in existing controls and procedures around our cybersecurity environment may prevent us from detecting, reporting or responding to cyber incidents in a timely manner and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and value of our Company’s stock. Despite our implementation of security measures, our IT systems and e-commerce business are vulnerable to damages from computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access, cyber-attack, and other similar disruptions. An increasing number of websites and Internet companies have reported breaches of their security. Any such compromise of our security could damage our reputation, business, and brand and expose us to a risk of loss or litigation and possible liability, which could substantially harm our business and results of operations. In addition, anyone who is able to circumvent our security measures could misappropriate proprietary information or cause interruptions in our operations, damage our computers or those of our customers, or otherwise damage our reputation and business. These issues are likely to become more difficult as we expand the number of countries in which our e-commerce website operates. We may need to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches.

For example, in 2016, the European Union, or EU, Parliament approved the new EU data protection legal framework known as the General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR. The GDPR, which became effective in May 2018, replaced previously existing regulations and thereby extended the scope of EU data protection law to all non-EU companies processing data of EU residents. The GDPR contains numerous requirements and changes from prior EU law, including more robust obligations on data processors, greater rights for data subjects, and heavier documentation requirements for data protection compliance programs. The GDPR also imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the EU, including to the U.S., and recent legal developments in Europe have created complexity and uncertainty regarding such transfers of personal data from the EU to the U.S. For example, in July 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union, or the CJEU, invalidated the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield framework, or Privacy Shield, one of the mechanisms used to legitimize the transfer of personal data from the EU to the U.S. The CJEU decision also drew into question the long-term viability of an alternative means of data transfer, the standard contractual clauses, for transfers of personal data from the EU to the U.S. While we were not self-certified under the Privacy Shield, this CJEU decision may lead to increased scrutiny on data transfers from the EU to the U.S. generally and increase our costs of compliance with data privacy legislation. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens and any penalties imposed by, such international and domestic laws, regulations and policies could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

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If we fail to evaluate, implement, and integrate strategic acquisition or disposition opportunities successfully, our business may suffer. From time to time we evaluate strategic opportunities available to us for product, technology, or business acquisitions or dispositions. If we choose to make acquisitions or dispositions, we face certain risks, such as failure of an acquired business to meet our performance expectations, failure to recognize cost savings from a disposition, diversion of management attention, retention of management and existing customers of our current and any acquired business, and difficulty in integrating or separating a business’s operations, personnel, and financial and operating systems. We may not be able to successfully address these risks or any other problems that arise from future acquisitions or dispositions. Any failure to successfully evaluate strategic opportunities and address risks or other problems that arise related to any acquisition or disposition could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Governmental regulation and oversight might adversely impact our operations. We are subject to governmental regulations in the manufacture and sale of moissanite jewels and finished jewelry. In particular, in July 2018 the FTC issued updated guidelines governing the description of lab-grown diamonds and other gemstones that require such gemstones to be clearly identified as to the gemstone’s lab-grown origin in any promotional or marketing materials. In addition, the precious metal in our finished jewelry may be subject to requirements, which vary by country and by state, such as hallmarking and alloy content. We may be under close scrutiny both by governmental agencies and by competitors in the gemstone industry, any of which may challenge our promotion and marketing of our moissanite jewels and finished jewelry products. While we have a policy to ensure compliance with applicable regulations, if our production or marketing of moissanite jewels and/or finished jewelry is challenged by governmental agencies or competitors, or if regulations are issued that restrict our ability to market our products, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Some anti-takeover provisions of our charter documents may delay or prevent a takeover of our company. A number of provisions of our articles of incorporation and bylaws impact matters of corporate governance and the rights of shareholders. Certain of these provisions have an anti-takeover effect and may delay or prevent takeover attempts not first approved by our Board of Directors (including takeovers that certain shareholders may deem to be in their best interests). These provisions also could delay or frustrate the removal of incumbent directors or the assumption of control by shareholders. We believe that these provisions are appropriate to protect our interests and the interests of all of our shareholders.

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2.

Properties

We currently lease approximately 36,350 square feet of office, storage, and light manufacturing space in the Research Triangle Park area of North Carolina from an unaffiliated third-party that is used by both of our current operating and reportable segments.

The majority of all U.S. personnel, including our executive offices, sales offices, administrative personnel, and production facilities are housed in the current space.

Item 3.

Legal Proceedings

There are no material pending legal proceedings to which we are a party or to which any of our property is subject.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “CTHR.” As of August 28, 2020, there were 223 shareholders of record of our common stock.

We did not pay any dividends on our common stock during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. We will regularly review and consider the best policies and practices for our company, including the dividend policy. The payment of future dividends will be dependent on the facts and circumstances at the time of that review.

Item 6.

Selected Financial Data

Not applicable.

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Item 7.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is intended to provide a better understanding of our consolidated financial statements, including a brief discussion of our business and products, key factors that impacted our performance, and a summary of our operating results. This information should be read in conjunction with Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Historical results and percentage relationships among any amounts in the consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of trends in operating results for future periods.

Business Overview

Our Mission

About Charles & Colvard

We sell loose moissanite jewels and finished jewelry through two operating segments: our Online Channels segment, which encompasses our digital properties components, comprises our charlesandcolvard.com website, e-commerce outlets, including marketplaces, drop-ship customers, and other pure-play, exclusively e-commerce customers; and our Traditional segment, which consists of domestic and international distributors and retail customers. We report segment information based on the “management” approach. This segment reporting approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source of our operating and reportable segments.

We operate in an environment characterized by both complexity in global markets and continuing economic pressures in the U.S. and internationally. Our strategy is to build a globally revered and accessible brand of gemstones and finished jewelry that appeals to a wide consumer audience and leverages our advantage of being the original and leading worldwide source of moissanite. We believe a direct relationship with consumers is important to this strategy, which entails delivering tailored educational content, engaging in dialogue with our audience, and positioning our brand to meet the demands of today’s discerning consumer. A significant component of our strategy in this environment is to focus on our core products, improving the quality and predictability of the delivery of our products and services, and placing those products quickly into the hands of our U.S. and international customers at affordable prices. Moreover, recognizing today that our customers and vendors are resource constrained, we are endeavoring to develop and extend our portfolio of products in a disciplined manner with a focus on domestic markets close to our core capabilities, as well as growing our global marketplace sales. We continue to focus on affordability initiatives. We also expect to continue to innovate and invest in technologies to fulfill product requirements for our customers and invest in our people so that we have the technical and production skills necessary to succeed without limiting our ability to build financial return to our investors.

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Highlights of the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2020

COVID-19 Update

In March 2020, the novel strain of coronavirus, known as COVID-19, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and declared a national emergency by the U.S. Government, and has negatively affected the U.S. and global economies. In response to this pandemic, federal, state, county, and local governments and public health organizations and authorities around the world have implemented a variety of measures intended to control the spread of the virus, including quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders, travel restrictions, school closures, business limitations and closures, social distancing, and hygiene requirements. These measures have adversely affected workforces, customers, economies, and global supply chains, and resulted in significant travel and transport restrictions – all of which have combined to lead to an economic downturn. It has also disrupted the normal operations of many businesses, including ours. In early 2020 in the Asia Pacific region and during our quarter ended March 31, 2020 globally, the pandemic and related governmental and business responses began to have an adverse effect on our operations, supply chains, distribution channels, and consumer buying behaviors. Cumulatively, these circumstances also impacted the net realizable value and marketability of our legacy inventory, which was subsequently written-off.

The overall impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic include the following:

•

Across our supply chain, we experienced instances of suppliers temporarily closing their operations, delaying order fulfillment, or limiting their production. Where applicable, we utilized alternative supply arrangements with strategic partners whose businesses were not under stay-at-home orders or whose production came back online. During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, many of our suppliers began returning to normal operating and production levels. However, we and our suppliers remain subject to ongoing changes to governmental closure requirements that may have a long-term impact on our supply chain and ability to produce gemstones and finished jewelry for sale.

•

In our Online Channels segment, our transactional website charlesandcolvard.com remained open under restricted fulfillment capabilities. However, a quickly rising unemployment rate combined with consumer uncertainty and lack of confidence began reducing website traffic and conversions in March 2020. Beginning in March 2020, we maintained limited shipping functions with support from third-party production and fulfillment partners. We were also able to support only a certain level of active products on marketplaces and drop-ship partner websites such as Macys.com, Helzberg.com, Overstock.com, ShopHQ.com, and more. This ongoing e-commerce presence was restricted to available stock and the limited production capacity of functioning suppliers. During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, we began seeing orders in our transactional website, along with orders in our marketplaces and drop-ship partner websites, increase as consumer confidence strengthened and our operating and shipping functions began to return to normal activity levels. However, until business resumes to pre-pandemic levels across our entire supply chain, our Online Channels segment is expected to continue to be adversely impacted by the pandemic.

•

In our Traditional segment, brick and mortar customers began closing their stores to foot traffic in March 2020, with tentative plans to re-open on a rolling schedule that may lead into the fall timeframe or later. We also experienced instances of distributors, whose businesses rely on sales into retail organizations, reducing or closing their operations. These adverse effects impacted our ability to maintain significant levels of sales through our wholesale customers. In addition, trade shows and industry events have been preemptively cancelled for the critical production season leading up to the calendar year-end 2020 holiday season. As a result, our selling activities in our Traditional segment were significantly modified, and our ability to convert those activities into sales have been adversely impacted by the pandemic. Consistent with the trends we are experiencing in our Online Channels segment, we have begun seeing business strengthen with our brick and mortar customers as these customers begin to move forward with their re-opening plans following their closures in March 2020, but until business resumes to pre-pandemic levels, our Traditional segment is expected to continue to be adversely impacted by the pandemic.

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•

As global and U.S economic activity slowed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced and anticipate ongoing constraints on our cash and working capital, including experiencing potential liquidity challenges. The impact of the pandemic has had – and is expected to continue having – an adverse effect on our operations and financial condition as revenues declined and, despite our cost-saving efforts, many business and operating expenses remained flat or continued to rise. Cash flow scrutiny will be crucial for our business in the months ahead as we anticipate seeing lower revenues resulting in less cash flow, along with delayed accounts receivable collections, as needs grow to step up payables to important suppliers. We continue to focus on being more nimble in managing our inventory levels given the uncertainty in the supply chain, which may also place further demands on working capital.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity during Fiscal 2020. The full extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operational and financial performance is currently uncertain and will depend on many factors outside of our control, including, without limitation, the timing, extent, trajectory and duration of the pandemic, the development and availability of effective treatments and vaccines, the imposition of protective public safety measures, and the impact of the pandemic on the global economy and demand for consumer and wholesaler products.

We believe that our management has taken – and continues to take – swift and appropriate action designed to hedge against the overall impact that the pandemic may have on our business, to prepare for a potential recessionary environment, and to efficiently manage the business while maintaining adequate liquidity and maximum operating flexibility. We remain focused on three critical areas of wellbeing, including safeguarding the health and safety of our employees, implementing senior managerial changes and streamlining operations while ensuring support of our brand and customers, and maintaining our financial strength and stability. Notwithstanding these challenges, we believe that we further solidified the global Charles & Colvard brand during Fiscal 2020.

Since the onset of the pandemic domestically, we have implemented the following measures:

•

We deployed a work-from-home option for our employees on March 13, 2020, and effective March 27, 2020, instituted a mandatory work-from-home policy for all, but essential, employees due to mandated stay-at-home orders by the State of North Carolina and local governmental authorities;

•

We temporarily suspended all hiring of employees starting April 13, 2020 and we furloughed approximately 50% of our employee base at that time, principally within our operations area. While most of our operations employees returned to full-time status as we moved forward with our phased reopening plans during May 2020, these actions materially impacted our productivity;

•

We extended new benefits to assist employees who participate in our 401(k) plan with additional distribution and new borrowing terms;

•

We implemented temporary salary and wage reductions for all employees, including a 25% reduction in salary for the President and Chief Executive Officer and a 15% reduction for each of the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operating Officer. All employee salaries and wages were returned to pre-reduction levels in July 2020;

•

We reorganized our management and reduced our workforce. Effective June 1, 2020, Suzanne Miglucci, our former President and Chief Executive Officer, resigned and Don O’Connell was appointed as our new President and Chief Executive Officer. At the same time, we enacted a significant reduction-in-force, or RIF, that reduced our active workforce by approximately 25%. Included in the RIF were the elimination of senior-level sales, marketing, information technology, and operations personnel as well as executive-level sales and marketing positions. These RIF actions resulted in our recognition of severance-related expenses during the fourth quarter of Fiscal 2020 in the amount of approximately $427,000. The liability for the unpaid portion of our severance-related accrual in the amount of approximately $338,000 is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2020;

•

We instituted a temporary 50% reduction in fees paid to our Board of Directors, which were also returned to pre-reduction levels in July 2020;

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•

We successfully applied for and received a loan pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the CARES Act, as administered by the SBA. The loan in the principal amount of $965,000 was disbursed by Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC, a nationally licensed lender under the SBA, on June 18, 2020 pursuant to a Promissory Note issued by us on June 15, 2020. As provided under the CARES Act, we intend to use the proceeds from this loan to enhance cash flow, to help maintain operations and fund current payroll requirements, and to assist us with the reopening phase of our business as we navigate the COVID-19 pandemic recovery efforts. There can be no assurance that such PPP Loan will be forgiven; and

•

We reduced non-payroll operating expenses, including decreased digital marketing spend and significantly reduced product development investments and travel expenditures.

We are continuing to take the following steps to further address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic:

•

We are actively renegotiating contracts with vendors and suppliers to amend commitments to size our supply with current demand and delivery terms with others to reduce our cost of goods and services;

•

We are negotiating extended payment terms with select partners;

•

We are continuing to align variable expenses to match current sales trends as we continue to move forward with our phased reopening; and

•

We are currently continuing to offer the flexibility of a work-from-home option for our employees who are able to perform full-time duties effectively from home as the State of North Carolina continues to reopen through its predetermined phased reopening plan.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, we delivered on several key initiatives, which we believe leaves us well poised for future growth as we move forward into the fiscal year ending June 30, 2021. These accomplishments in fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, include the following:

•

Digital Marketing Refocus/Redirection. During June 2020, we ceased all top-of-funnel digital marketing campaigns and strictly refocused our digital marketing advertising strategy toward higher-converting, low marketing funnel activities. We believe that targeting consumers with whom we have already engaged and who have expressed interest in our products is a more effective use of our digital advertising spend. We believe this shift in our marketing strategy provides a more rapid financial return on our marketing investment, which is critical to our top line growth during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and going forward as we move into Fiscal 2021;

•

Enhanced Customer Experience. We developed and launched an improved technological e-commerce platform and offered user-friendly consumer services to support an enhanced customer experience. In June 2020 we launched our digital Charles & Colvard Virtual Bridal Ring Consultation program. This is a personal shopping concierge service where we are offering a customized virtual experience designed to simplify the ring buying process for our customers. This new customer support service offers deeper personalization and a more immersive shopping experience for our consumers. With our improved platform we believe that we are driving stronger customer engagement, encouraging repeat buyers, and growing our customer loyalty program, all of which we believe supports our ability to deliver an exemplary worldwide customer service personal shopping experience. We believe that offering this enhanced customer experience is an integral component of our overall marketing strategy. We believe that this enhanced customer interaction featuring a virtual personal shopping experience is important for our brand, but we also believe that it is even more relevant and important to our customers currently during these unprecedented times when social distancing practices remain in place throughout the U.S. and much of the world;

•

E-Commerce Capabilities. In spite of the adverse impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on our Online Channels segment, we launched an online presence with the iconic Canadian department store Hudson’s Bay in May 2020. We believe this relationship gives us the ability to market our assortment of fine jewelry featuring Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^® gemstones to this retailer’s robust digital audience on TheBay.com;

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•

Presence with Key Brick-and-Mortar Partners. Notwithstanding the adverse effect that the COVID-19 related closures had on our Traditional segment during the period these retailers were closed, in the months prior to the business interruption, we continued to broaden our relationship with Helzberg Diamonds stores with the addition of incremental product styles and expanded case line presence in nearly all doors during the early part of Fiscal 2020. We will continue to evolve our retail channel strategy as these stores reopen and businesses resume to pre-pandemic levels and when we are once again able to optimize our partnership arrangements; and

•

Corporate Social Responsibility. In these unprecedented times more than ever, we continue to believe that we have the responsibility to be a good corporate citizen, and in practice, to have a business model that helps us be socially accountable to our stakeholders. During Fiscal 2020, we elevated our use of responsible precious metals in substantially all the finished jewelry we sourced. We also want to positively impact the communities where we work and live and for the benefit of the world in general – which we intend to continue supporting through philanthropic programs that advocate positive social change. This is evidenced by our participation in a Coronavirus related giving-back program that contributes 40% of net proceeds from one of our top selling finished jewelry items to the Duke University Research Foundation’s Duke Health COVID-19 Research Fund that will help support the development of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19.

The continued spread of COVID-19 has led to ongoing disruption and volatility in the global and U.S. economies, and, depending on future developments, could continue to adversely impact our operations and financial position. Our focus as we move into Fiscal 2021 is centered on the health of our brand on a global scale. As lab-created gemstones are being embraced by emerging generations, we will continue our quest to establish moissanite and our jewelry brand directly with consumers. We will execute on our key strategies with a continued commitment to measured spending and generating sustainable earnings improvement.

As we manage through these challenging and unprecedented times, we plan to remain highly focused on prudently managing the reach of our brand – both domestically and internationally – through select digital marketing initiatives that align with consumer engagement and demand. However, in response to the global economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on consumer confidence and spending levels, we have narrowed our digital advertising spend toward higher-conversion marketing activities. We believe that our long-term mission will ultimately be accomplished through our ability to remain fluid and shift brand awareness strategies that are sensitive to these ever-changing times.

Our MD&A generally discusses Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between Fiscal 2020 and Fiscal 2019. Discussions of Fiscal 2019 items and year-to-year comparisons between Fiscal 2019 and the fiscal year ended June 30, 2018, or Fiscal 2018, that are not included in this Form 10-K can be found in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results or Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 filed with the SEC on September 6, 2019.

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Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019:

	Year Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Net sales	$	29,189,020		$	32,244,109
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold		21,200,207			17,352,167
Sales and marketing		9,443,244			7,983,506
General and administrative		4,861,297			4,640,810
Research and development		-			2,069
Total costs and expenses		35,504,748			29,978,552
(Loss) Income from operations		(6,315,728	)		2,265,557
Other income (expense):
Interest income		158,091			11,022
Interest expense		(884	)		(2,198	)
Loss on foreign currency exchange		(1,829	)		(344	)
Other expense		-			(13	)
Total other income, net		155,378			8,467
(Loss) Income before income taxes		(6,160,350	)		2,274,024
Income tax (expense) benefit		(1,733	)		1,443
Net (loss) income	$	(6,162,083	)	$	2,275,467

Consolidated Net Sales

Consolidated net sales for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 comprise the following:

	Year Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Dollars			Percent
Finished jewelry	$	16,777,628	$	15,457,343	$	1,320,285			9	%
Loose jewels		12,411,392		16,786,766		(4,375,374	)		-26	%
Total consolidated net sales	$	29,189,020	$	32,244,109	$	(3,055,089	)		-9	%

Consolidated net sales were $29.19 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to $32.24 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $3.06 million, or 9%. The decrease in consolidated net sales for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared with consolidated net sales for the prior fiscal year was primarily due to the adverse impacts of the geopolitical unrest in Hong Kong in early 2020 which affected our international distributor market and the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has continued to negatively affect the U.S. and global economies and has had a significant adverse impact on our worldwide sales and results of operations. Notwithstanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, we saw increased seasonal sales for both the calendar year-end holiday and Valentine’s Day. We also witnessed increased consumer awareness for our moissanite products throughout these holiday periods. Our transactional website, charlesandcolvard.com, was flat compared with the prior fiscal year due to the strength of demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. Net sales through our cross-border trade, or CBT, platform increased 34% versus the prior fiscal year. Despite the sales pressures we have been experiencing during the COVID-19 pandemic, our results have provided evidence that we had strong finished jewelry product net sales during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 in both our Online Channels segment and Traditional segment.

Sales of finished jewelry represented 57% and 48% of total consolidated net sales for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, finished jewelry sales were $16.78 million compared to $15.46 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, an increase of $1.32 million, or 9%. This increase in finished jewelry sales was due primarily to higher finished jewelry retail sales in our Online Channels segment as well as increased sales of Forever One™ and Moissanite by Charles & Colvard^®products in our Traditional segment during periods prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Net sales of our Forever One™ finished jewelry and loose jewels represented 81% of total net sales for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020.

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Sales of loose jewels represented 43% and 52% of total consolidated net sales for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, loose jewel sales were $12.41 million compared to $16.79 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, a decrease of $4.38 million, or 26%. The decrease for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 was primarily due to the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting impact on consumer confidence and spending. The decrease was also due to lower levels of loose jewel sales in our Online Channels segment and, in particular, lower levels of loose jewel sales through the international distribution network in our Traditional segment.

U.S. net sales accounted for approximately 92% and 87% of total consolidated net sales during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Notwithstanding the adverse impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. net sales increased during Fiscal 2020 as a percentage of net sales, principally resulting from the significant decrease in international sales as discussed below. The decrease in U.S. net sales during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the prior year was offset somewhat by increased sales to U.S. customers during periods prior to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in both our Online Channels segment and Traditional segment.

Our largest U.S. customer during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 accounted for 13% and 14% of total consolidated net sales during each respective period. Our second largest U.S. customer during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 accounted for 12% and 10% of total consolidated net sales during each respective period. We expect that we will remain dependent on our ability, and that of our largest U.S. customers, to maintain and enhance retail and domestic distributor programs. A change in or loss of any of these customer or retailer relationships could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

International net sales accounted for approximately 8% and 13% of total consolidated net sales during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. International net sales decreased to $2.37 million, or 44%, during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to $4.26 million in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. International sales decreased due to lower demand in our international distributor market resulting from the adverse impact of the geopolitical unrest in Hong Kong and the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the distributors we serve in the China and Hong Kong markets. Prior to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lower demand in our international distributor market was offset somewhat by growth in our direct-to-consumer presence internationally, along with an increase in the number of CBT transactions in these periods reflecting increased direct-to-consumer sales from our Online Channels segment in international markets. In light of the ongoing global economic conditions, we continue to evaluate these and other potential distributors in international markets to determine the best long-term partners. As a result, and in light of the ongoing worldwide pandemic and international trade challenges, we expect our sales in these markets to continue to fluctuate significantly each reporting period.

We did not have an international customer account for 10% or more of total consolidated sales during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. A portion of our international consolidated sales represents jewels sold internationally that may be re-imported to U.S. retailers.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Year Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Dollars			Percent
Product line cost of goods sold:
Finished jewelry	$	7,469,790	$	6,859,112	$	610,678			9	%
Loose jewels		6,062,186		8,242,830		(2,180,644	)		-26	%
Total product line cost of goods sold		13,531,976		15,101,942		(1,569,966	)		-10	%
Non-product line cost of goods sold		7,668,231		2,250,225		5,418,006			241	%
Total cost of goods sold	$	21,200,207	$	17,352,167	$	3,848,040			22	%

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Total cost of goods sold was $21.20 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to $17.35 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, a net increase of approximately $3.85 million, or 22%. Product line cost of goods sold is defined as product cost of goods sold in each of our Online Channels segment and Traditional segment excluding non-capitalized expenses from our manufacturing and production control departments, comprising personnel costs, depreciation, rent, utilities, and corporate overhead allocations; freight out; inventory write-offs; and other inventory adjustments, comprising costs of quality issues, and damaged goods.

The increase in total cost of goods sold for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 as compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 was primarily driven by a write-off during the third quarter of Fiscal 2020 of approximately $5.26 million representing the carrying value of our legacy loose jewel inventory and finished goods inventory set with these legacy gemstones. The legacy material inventory comprised lower grade raw materials, or boules, work-in-process gemstones, loose finished gemstones and finished jewelry set with these legacy gemstones in precious metals. The legacy inventory raw materials were purchased and finished gemstone products were produced through the period ended August 2015. These gemstone products and finished jewelry items are known and marketed as our older Forever Classic^TM, Forever Brilliant^®, and lower-grade gemstones.

Our primary international gemstone distributors, which historically have been the principal customer base for our legacy gemstone products are located in the Asia Pacific region of the world, primarily in China and Hong Kong. As a result of the ongoing geopolitical unrest in Hong Kong, coupled with the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, consumer confidence and spending in this region plummeted throughout Fiscal 2020. As a consequence of this, our marketability of these products suffered a sudden and complete deterioration over this same period.

The net increase in non-product line cost of goods sold for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 comprises an unfavorable net change in inventory write-offs of approximately $5.47 million principally related to the write-off of the carrying cost of our legacy material inventory of $5.26 million as well as inventory valuation adjustments related to changes in obsolescence reserves in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020. The net increase in non-product line cost of goods sold was also related to an approximate $14,000 change in production standard cost variances as compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 as well as an approximate $1,000 increase in non-capitalized manufacturing and production control expenses principally due to the timing when work-in-process is received into inventory and overhead costs are allocated. These increases in non-product line cost of goods sold were offset in part by an approximate $68,000 decrease in freight out in the same period due to lower shipment costs during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020.

For further discussion of non-product line cost of goods sold, see Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Year Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Dollars		Percent

Sales and marketing	$	9,443,244	$	7,983,506	$	1,459,738		18	%

Sales and marketing expenses were $9.44 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to $7.98 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, an increase of approximately $1.46 million, or 18%.

The increase in sales and marketing expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to a $1.15 million increase in advertising and digital marketing expenses reflecting the activation of funds from our June 2019 underwritten public offering that we deployed to expand brand awareness; a $217,000 increase in software-related costs principally in connection with maintenance agreements as well as other software-related agreements; a $58,000 increase in professional services fees principally comprising consulting services for cybersecurity and merchandise imaging; a $46,000 increase in compensation-related expenses; and a $41,000 increase in general office-related expenses, which is primarily related to increased sales and use taxes. These increases were partially offset by a $52,000 decrease in travel expenses as a result of COVID-19 cost control measures.

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The increase in digital and social media marketing expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to a $623,000 increase in Internet marketing; a $524,000 increase in outside agency fees; a $110,000 increase in cooperative advertising; and a $9,000 increase in promotional expenses, primarily related to sponsorship of a local professional sports team. These increases were partially offset by an $89,000 reduction in trade show expenses resulting from the cancelation of the jewelry industry’s premier annual event as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; and a $29,000 reduction in print media advertising. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, management drastically reduced advertising and digital marketing expenditures beginning in mid-March 2020. In addition, as a result of its digital marketing redirection in June 2020, management further reduced advertising and digital marketing expenditures during the last month of Fiscal 2020.

Compensation expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 increased primarily as a result of a $201,000 increase in salaries, commissions, and related employee benefits in the aggregate; a $71,000 increase in severance accrual related to our June 2020 management reorganization and workforce reduction; and a $9,000 increase in employee stock-based compensation expense. These increases were partially offset by cost control measures implemented by management as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on our operations that led to a $235,000 decrease in bonus expense.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Year Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Dollars		Percent

General and administrative	$	4,861,297	$	4,640,810	$	220,487		5	%

General and administrative expenses were $4.86 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to $4.64 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, an increase of approximately $220,000, or 5%.

The increase in general and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to a $250,000 increase in compensation expenses; a $236,000 increase in professional services fees; and a $6,000 increase in equipment-related rental expense. These increases were partially offset by an $84,000 decrease in business franchise taxes and licenses; a $49,000 decrease in board retainer fees as a result of COVID-19 cost control measures; a $48,000 decrease in bank fees as a result of lower credit card sales transactions during the COVID-19 pandemic; a $31,000 decrease in travel expenses as a result of COVID-19 cost control measures; a $24,000 decrease in insurance expenses; an $18,000 decrease in bad debt expense associated with our allowance for doubtful accounts reserve policy reflecting lower customer accounts receivable balances during the COVID-19 pandemic; a $12,000 decrease in general office-related expenses, which is primarily related to lower software maintenance agreement-related expenses; and a $6,000 net decrease in all other general and administrative expenses.

Compensation expenses increased for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to a $282,000 increase in severance accrual related to our June 2020 management reorganization and workforce reduction; a $128,000 increase in salaries and related employee benefits in the aggregate; and a $33,000 increase in employee stock-based compensation expense. These increases were offset in part by cost control measures implemented as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect on our operations that led to a $193,000 decrease in bonus expense.

Professional services fees increased for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 primarily due to a $158,000 increase in legal fees associated with corporate governance matters; a $38,000 increase in accounting services related to higher annual audit and tax fees, as well as fees associated with tax consulting services; a $30,000 increase in investor and public relations expenses; and a $10,000 increase in consulting and other professional services primarily in connection with nonrecurring accounting and financial reporting related consulting fees.

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Loss on Foreign Currency Exchange

Loss on foreign currency exchange related to foreign sales transacted in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are as follows:

	Year Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Dollars		Percent
Loss on foreign currency exchange	$	1,829	$	344	$	1,485		432	%

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, we had international sales transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S dollar that resulted in foreign currency exchange net losses. The increase in these losses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020, reflects changes in foreign currency fluctuation during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared with the prior fiscal year.

Interest Income

Interest income for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 is as follows:

	Year Ended June 30,				Change
	2020		2019		Dollars		Percent
Interest income	$	158,091	$	11,022	$	147,069		1,334	%

In June 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 6,250,000 shares of our common stock, which together with the partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option for an additional 630,500 shares in July 2019, resulted in net proceeds of approximately $9.99 million. The net proceeds from this offering have been deposited into an interest-bearing account with a federally insured commercial bank. Accordingly, during the full fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, we earned interest income from cash on deposit in this interest-bearing account.

Provision for Income Taxes

We recognized a net income tax expense of approximately $1,700 and a net income tax benefit of approximately $1,400 for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Our income tax provisions in these periods primarily relate to estimated tax, penalties, and interest associated with uncertain tax positions. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019 we recognized a federal income tax benefit in the amount of approximately $23,000 that related to the realization of the recoverable portion of the alternative minimum tax, or AMT, deferred tax credit carryforwards being reclassified from a deferred tax asset to that of an income tax receivable.

As of each reporting date, we consider new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact our view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. Beginning in 2014, we determined that negative evidence outweighed the positive and established a full valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. We maintained a full valuation allowance as of June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019.

Our statutory tax rate as of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 is 22.11% and consists of the federal income tax rate of 21% and a blended state income tax rate of 1.11%, net of the federal benefit.

For discussion of the effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, or the Tax Act, the CARES Act, and the State of North Carolina General Assembly Senate Bill 704: COVID-19 Recovery Act, or the NC COVID-19 Relief Act, on our provision for income taxes and deferred tax assets, see Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Certain Operating Metrics

We believe that certain metrics are key to our business, including but not limited to average order value, or AOV, average advertising spend per customer, and repeat customers. The following operating metrics, which we use to make strategic digital marketing related decisions and to monitor the performance and return on investment of our marketing activities, are based on financial results and customer-related data for charlesandcolvard.com, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Charles & Colvard, Ltd., for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020:

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AOV is estimated to be approximately $1,000, based on charlesandcolvard.com revenue, net of returns, divided by the total number of customer orders.

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Average ad spend per new customer is estimated to be approximately $275, based on the total advertising spend focused on charlesandcolvard.com traffic divided by the number of first-time customer orders.

•

Repeat customers represent approximately 17% of charlesandcolvard.com’s total customer orders, based on customer email addresses.

Our calculation for AOV is sensitive to volume and product mix. Therefore, we believe that our AOV may vary widely going forward as we respond to ever changing consumer demand and provide the products – that may have widely variable price points – our audiences are looking for. Likewise, as we continue to invest in our advertising and marketing communication channels and broaden the underlying content types, notwithstanding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, we expect our average ad spend per customer to increase going forward. Finally, as our Loyalty Program is revived, we expect the percentage of people enrolled in our program to continue increasing over time.

The following operating metrics, which we use to manage operations and to also make strategic digital marketing related decisions and to monitor the performance and return on investment of our marketing activities, are based on financial results and customer-related data for charlesandcolvard.com, LLC, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 compared to the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019:

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1% year-over-year growth in charlesandcolvard.com revenue.

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2.2% year-over-year growth in social media followers; 5% year-over-year growth in opt-in email subscribers.

For each of the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, gross margin (defined as net sales less product line cost of goods sold) for our Online Channels segment was 58% of Online Channels net sales.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As the world continues to adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on global economics and business operations, the outbreak of the coronavirus and the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the wider economy has placed unprecedented pressures on U.S. businesses including our own. The continued spread of COVID-19 has also led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which, depending on future developments, could adversely impact our capital resources and liquidity in the future.

We remain increasingly focused on potential liquidity issues and debt incurrence capacity. Accordingly, faced with the prospect of significantly declining cash flows, we evaluated the possibility of raising additional capital through loans, debt or access to other capital transactions. In March 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law, which, along with earlier issued Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, guidelines, provides for deferral of certain taxes. The CARES Act, among other things, contains economic relief programs in the form of loans and grants for small businesses. In May 2020, the NC COVID-19 Relief Act was signed into law, which provides for a tax credit towards certain employer contributions to the North Carolina Unemployment Insurance Fund.

Capital Structure and Long-Term Debt

On June 18, 2020, we received the proceeds from the PPP Loan pursuant to the Paycheck Protection Program under the CARES Act, as administered by the SBA. The PPP Loan in the principal amount of $965,000 was disbursed by the Lender pursuant to a promissory note, or the Promissory Note, issued by us on June 15, 2020.

Under the CARES Act and the Promissory Note, loan forgiveness is available for the sum of documented payroll costs, covered rent payments, and covered utilities during the 24-week period beginning on the date of first disbursement of the PPP Loan. For purposes of the CARES Act, payroll costs exclude cash compensation of an individual employee in excess of $100,000, prorated annually. Not more than 40% of the forgiven amount can be attributable to non-payroll costs. Although we currently believe that our use of the PPP Loan will meet the conditions for forgiveness of the PPP Loan, we cannot assure our future adherence to the forgiveness criteria and that the PPP Loan will be forgiven, in whole or in part.

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In April 2020, we also applied for capital relief pursuant to the Economic Injury Disaster Loan Program, or the EIDL Program, also under the CARES Act and administered by the SBA. In June we were notified by the SBA that our EIDL Program application was approved by the SBA. However, due to the limited amount of capital that would have been available to us under the EIDL Program, we did not further pursue those funds.

The CARES Act provides that existing AMT credit carryforwards are now eligible for acceleration and refundable AMT credits are to be completely refunded to companies for taxable years beginning in 2019, or by election, taxable years beginning in 2018. Accordingly, we have elected to have the AMT tax completely refunded and have filed a tentative refund claim for the remaining AMT tax credit. Consequently, the remaining balance of our AMT credit refund in the amount of approximately $270,000 is expected to be completely refundable. Accordingly, the full amount of our AMT credit refund has been classified as current as of June 30, 2020.

We also intend to take advantage of COVID-19 related tax credits for required paid leave provided by us. These eligible tax credits are determined by qualified emergency paid sick and expanded family and medical leave wages pursuant to the Families First Coronavirus Response Act, or FFCRA. Under FFCRA, we have provided employees with paid federal sick and expanded family and medical leave benefits for which we may be reimbursed by the government through payroll tax credits. Qualifying wages for tax credit purposes under FFCRA are those paid to an employee who takes leave under FFCRA for a qualifying reason, up to the applicable per diem and aggregate payment caps. Applicable tax credits also extend to the employer’s share of amounts paid or incurred to maintain a group health plan.

Finally, as permitted by the NC COVID-19 Relief Act, we will receive a tax credit towards our contributions to the North Carolina Unemployment Insurance Fund, which will also serve to further enhance future cash flow.

As a component of our liquidity and capital structure, we have an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3 on file with the SEC which allows us to periodically offer and sell, individually or in any combination, shares of common stock, shares of preferred stock, warrants to purchase shares of common stock or preferred stock, and units consisting of any combination of the foregoing types of securities, up to a total of $25.00 million, of which approximately $13.99 million remains available after giving effect to our June 2019 public offering, including the impact of the partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, described below. However, we may offer and sell no more than one-third of our public float (which is the aggregate market value of our outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates) in any 12-month period. Our ability to issue equity securities under the shelf registration statement is subject to market conditions, which are in turn, subject to the disruption and volatility being caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Any capital raise is not assured and may not be at terms that would be acceptable to us.

Financing Activities

In June 2019, we completed an underwritten public offering of 6,250,000 newly issued shares of common stock, at a price to the public of $1.60 per share, pursuant to our effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3. Net proceeds from the offering were approximately $9.06 million, net of the underwriting discount and fees and expenses. Pursuant to the terms of the underwriting agreement entered into in connection with this offering, the underwriters were granted a 30-day option to buy up to an additional 937,500 shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments. Pursuant to the partial exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, in July 2019, we issued an additional 630,500 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.60 per share for net proceeds of approximately $932,000, net of the underwriting discount and fees and expenses of approximately $77,000. After giving effect to the partial exercise of the over-allotment option, we sold an aggregate of 6,880,500 shares of our common stock at a price of $1.60 per share with total gross proceeds of approximately $11.01 million, before deducting the underwriting discount and fees and expenses of approximately $1.02 million. During early Fiscal 2020, we began using the aggregate net proceeds of approximately $9.99 million from the offering for marketing and for general corporate and working capital purposes. However, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on consumer confidence and spending, management drastically reduced related advertising and digital marketing expenditures in mid-March 2020.

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As discussed above, on June 18, 2020 we received a PPP Loan in the principal amount of $965,000 from the Lender pursuant to a Promissory Note issued by us on June 15, 2020. The Promissory Note matures June 18, 2022 and may be extended with the consent of the Lender under the provisions of the CARES Act. The Promissory Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 1% per annum. Pursuant to the terms of the Promissory Note, monthly principal and interest payments in the amount of approximately $41,000 will commence on April 1, 2021. For financial reporting purposes as of June 30, 2020, the classification of the current maturity of this long-term debt assumes there will be no principal forgiveness and principal repayment for the full outstanding principal amount of the PPP Loan will be spread in equal monthly installments over the period from April 1, 2021 through the maturity date of the Promissory Note.

We did not provide any collateral or guarantees for the PPP Loan, nor did we pay any facility charge to obtain the PPP Loan. The Promissory Note provides for customary events of default, including, among others, those relating to failure to make payment and breaches of representations. We may prepay the principal of the PPP Loan at any time without incurring any prepayment charges.

Operating Activities and Cash Flows

We require cash to fund our operating expenses and working capital requirements, including outlays for capital expenditures. As of June 30, 2020, our principal sources of liquidity were cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash totaling $14.62 million, trade accounts receivable of $671,000, and net current inventory of $7.44 million, as compared to cash and cash equivalents totaling $13.00 million, trade accounts receivable of $1.96 million, and net current inventory of $11.91 million as of June 30, 2019. As described more fully herein, we also have long-term debt in the amount of $965,000, of which $193,000 is classified as its current maturity as of June 30, 2020, and a $5.00 million asset-based revolving credit facility with White Oak, or the White Oak Credit Facility.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, our working capital decreased by approximately $5.75 million to $17.42 million from $23.17 million at June 30, 2019. As described more fully below, the decrease in working capital at June 30, 2020 is primarily attributable to a decrease in our allocation of inventory from long-term to short-term, a decrease in accounts receivable, an increase in short-term operating lease liabilities resulting from the adoption of the new lease accounting standard as of July 1, 2019, an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities, an increase in accounts payable, and an increase in the current maturity of our long-term debt. These factors were offset partially by an increase in our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash resulting from cash provided by operating and financing activities and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, our working capital increased by approximately $10.91 million from $12.27 million at June 30, 2018. As described more fully below, the increase in working capital at June 30, 2019 is primarily attributable to an increase in our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash resulting from cash provided by financing activities from our public offering described above and cash provided by our operations, increases in accounts receivable and in our allocation of inventory to short-term from long-term as well as in prepaid expenses and other assets. The increase in working capital is also attributable to decreases in accounts payable. These factors were offset partially by increases in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, approximately $249,000 of cash was provided by our operations. The primary drivers underlying the cash provided by our operating activities were a decrease in accounts receivable of $1.32 million; a decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets of $490,000; an increase in accounts payable of $469,000; and an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $109,000. In addition, non-cash items totaling $6.78 million also had a favorable impact on our cash flow from operations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020. These factors were offset partially by the unfavorable effect of our net loss in the amount of $6.16 million and an increase in inventory of approximately $2.76 million resulting from lower quantities of inventory items sold as a result of lower period sales stemming from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, $917,000 of cash was provided by our operations. The primary drivers of the cash generated by our operations were net income of $2.28 million and an increase in accrued liabilities of $572,000. In addition, non-cash items totaling $1.51 million also had a favorable impact on our cash flow from operations during the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019. These factors were partially offset by an increase in inventory of $2.30 million; a decrease in accounts payable of $799,000; an increase in accounts receivable of $328,000; and an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of $14,000. The inventory increases during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were, in part, due to the purchase of new raw material SiC crystals during each fiscal year then ended pursuant to the Supply Agreement.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, accounts receivable decreased principally due to decreased sales during the third and fourth quarters, as a result of the effects that the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact that the global economy had on our Traditional segment customers. Cash collections on sales made during our first and second fiscal quarters, which reflect robust year-end holiday sales, remained strong. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, accounts receivable increased principally as a result of the increased level of sales during our third and fourth fiscal quarters.

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As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we offered extended Traditional segment customer payment terms beyond 90 days to certain credit-worthy customers during the third and fourth quarters of Fiscal 2020. Because of the ongoing impact of the pandemic on the global economy, the extension of these terms may not immediately increase liquidity as a result of ongoing current-period sales, which we expect to continue to be pressured due to the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we believe our competitors and other vendors in the wholesale jewelry industry have expanded their use of extended payment terms and, in aggregate, we believe that, through our use of extended payment terms, we provide a competitive response in our market during the current global economic environment. We believe that we are unable to estimate the impact of these actions on our net sales, but if we ceased providing extended payment terms, we believe that we would not be competitive for some Traditional segment customers in the marketplace during this economic period and that our net sales and profits would likely be adversely impacted.

During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, prepaid expenses and other assets increased principally as a result of the timing of payments, principally for insurance-related expenses, in advance of goods or services received. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020, accounts payable increased primarily as a result of the timing of payment for costs associated with inventory-related purchases and professional services incurred and due under our vendors’ payment terms. Likewise, accrued expenses and other liabilities increased principally due to the severance accrual in connection with our June 2020 management reorganization and workforce reduction as well as increases in deferred revenue related to payments received prior to shipment of good from customers. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2019, accrued expenses and other liabilities increased principally due to the timing of payments related to accrued compensation and related benefits, including year-end bonuses, as well as increased accrued sales and use taxes associated with higher current sales levels and additional liabilities for jurisdictions where we have reached sales tax nexus.

We manufactured approximately $10.64 million and $14.09 million in loose jewels and $7.82 million and $7.66 million in finished jewelry, which includes the cost of the loose jewels and the purchase of precious metals and labor in connection with jewelry production, during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. We expect our purchases of precious metals and labor to fluctuate in conjunction with the levels of our finished jewelry business. In addition, the price of gold has increased significantly over the past decade, resulting in higher retail price points for gold jewelry. Because the market price of gold and other precious metals is beyond our control, the upward price trends could continue and have a negative impact on our operating cash flow as we manufacture finished jewelry.

Historically, our raw material inventories of SiC crystals had been purchased under exclusive supply agreements with a limited number of suppliers. Because the supply agreements restricted the sale of these crystals exclusively to us, the suppliers negotiated minimum purchase commitments with us that, when combined with reduced sales levels during prior periods in which the purchase commitments were in effect, have resulted in levels of inventories that are higher than we might otherwise maintain. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, $23.19 million and $21.82 million, respectively, of our inventories were classified as long-term assets. Loose jewel sales and finished jewelry that we manufacture will utilize both the finished goods loose jewels currently on-hand and, as we deplete certain shapes and sizes, our on-hand raw material SiC crystals of $3.53 million and new raw material that we purchase pursuant to the Supply Agreement.

A more detailed description of our inventories is included in Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We made income tax payments of approximately $2,000 and $6,000 during the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, we had approximately $309 and $102,000, respectively, of remaining federal income tax credits all of which expire in 2021 and can be carried forward to offset future income taxes. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, we also had federal tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $23.72 million and $23.39 million, respectively, expiring between 2022 and 2037, which can be used to offset against future federal taxable income; North Carolina tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $20.12 million and $20.20 million, respectively, expiring between 2023 and 2033; and various other state tax net operating loss carryforwards expiring between 2021 and 2040, which can be used to offset against future state taxable income.

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Contractual Commitment

On December 12, 2014, we entered into the Supply Agreement with Cree. Under the Supply Agreement, subject to certain terms and conditions, we agreed to exclusively purchase from Cree, and Cree agreed to exclusively supply, 100% of our required SiC materials in quarterly installments that must equal or exceed a set minimum order quantity. The initial term of the Supply Agreement was scheduled to expire on June 24, 2018, unless extended by the parties. Effective June 22, 2018, the Supply Agreement was amended to extend the expiration date to June 25, 2023. The Supply Agreement, as amended, also provides for the exclusive production of our premium moissanite product, Forever One™ and provided us with one option, subject to certain conditions, to unilaterally extend the term of the Supply Agreement for an additional two-year period following the expiration of the initial term. In addition, the amendment to the Supply Agreement established a process by which Cree may begin producing alternate SiC material based on our specifications that will give us the flexibility to use the materials in a broader variety of our products, as well as to permit us to purchase certain amounts of SiC materials from third parties under limited conditions. On August 26, 2020, the Supply Agreement was further amended, effective June 30, 2020, to extend the expiration date to June 29, 2025, which may be further extended by mutual agreement of the parties. The Supply Agreement was also amended to, among other things, (i) spread our total purchase commitment under the Supply Agreement in the amount of approximately $52.95 million over the term of the Supply Agreement, as amended; (ii) establish a process by which Cree has agreed to accept purchase orders in excess of the agreed-upon minimum purchase commitment, subject to certain conditions; and (iii) permit us to purchase revised amounts of SiC materials from third parties under limited conditions. Our total purchase commitment under the Supply Agreement, as amended, until June 2025 is approximately $52.95 million, of which approximately $36.60 million remains to be purchased as of June 30, 2020.

During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, we purchased approximately $7.47 million and $8.91 million, respectively, of SiC crystals from Cree. Going forward, we expect to use existing cash and cash equivalents and access to other working capital resources, including but not limited to the issuance of equity securities, together with future cash expected to be provided by operating activities and, if necessary, our White Oak Credit Facility, to finance our purchase commitment under the Supply Agreement, as amended.

Line of Credit

On July 13, 2018, we and our wholly owned subsidiary, charlesandcolvard.com, LLC, collectively referred to as the Borrowers, obtained the $5.00 million asset-based revolving White Oak Credit Facility. The White Oak Credit Facility may be used for general corporate and working capital purposes, including permitted acquisitions. The White Oak Credit Facility, which matures on July 13, 2021, is guaranteed by Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC, another of our wholly owned subsidiaries. Under the terms of the White Oak Credit Facility, the Borrowers must maintain at least $500,000 in excess borrowing availability at all times. The White Oak Credit Facility contains no other financial covenants.

Advances under the White Oak Credit Facility may be either revolving or non-revolving. During the first year of the term of the White Oak Credit Facility, revolving advances accrued interest at a rate equal to one-month LIBOR (reset monthly, and subject to a 1.25% floor) plus 3.75%, and non-revolving advances accrued interest at such LIBOR rate plus 4.75%. Thereafter, the interest margins will reduce upon our achievement of a specified fixed charge coverage ratio. However, advances are in all cases subject to a minimum interest rate of 5.50%. Interest is calculated on an actual/360 basis and payable monthly in arrears. Principal outstanding during an event of default accrues interest at a rate 2% in excess of the rate otherwise applicable.

We had not borrowed against the White Oak Credit Facility as of June 30, 2020. As a result of our diminished borrowing base, which is tied to our accounts receivable, our ability to draw down funds from the White Oak Credit Facility is currently restricted.

A more detailed description of the White Oak Credit Facility is included in Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Liquidity and Capital Trends

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and access to other working capital resources, including but not limited to the access to federal government economic relief programs pursuant to the CARES Act, including our existing PPP Loan and the available conditional forgiveness of the PPP Loan in whole or in part, access to available federal and state tax-related considerations, the issuance of equity securities, and future cash expected to be provided by operating activities combined will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over the next twelve months.

Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including the ongoing spread of COVID-19 that could lead to further disruption and volatility in the global capital markets as well as its impact on our rate of sales growth; the expansion of our sales and marketing activities; the timing and extent of raw materials and labor purchases in connection with loose jewel production to support our moissanite jewels business and precious metals and labor purchases in connection with jewelry production to support our finished jewelry business; the timing of capital expenditures; and the risk factors described in more detail in “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Currently, we have the White Oak Credit Facility through its expiration on July 13, 2021, that we believe would mitigate these risks to our cash and liquidity position. Also, we may make investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which we prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. The future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, cash flows, and financial position continue to remain unclear. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. “Critical accounting policies and estimates” are defined as those most important to the financial statement presentation and that require the most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other factors, including current economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Under different assumptions and/or conditions, actual results of operations may materially differ. The most significant estimates impacting our consolidated financial statements relate to valuation and classification of inventories, accounts receivable reserves, deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, and revenue recognition. We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies, but these policies typically do not require us to make estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective.

Valuation and Classification of Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value on an average cost basis. Inventory costs include direct material and labor, inbound freight, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, and warehousing costs.

Any inventory on hand at the measurement date in excess of our current requirements based on historical and anticipated levels of sales is classified as long-term on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The classification of our inventory as either current or long-term inventory requires us to estimate the portion of on-hand inventory that can be realized over the next 12 months and does not include precious metal, labor, and other inventory purchases expected to be both purchased and realized in cost of sales over the next 12 months.

Our work-in-process inventories include raw SiC crystals on which processing costs, such as labor and sawing, have been incurred; and components, such as metal castings and finished good moissanite jewels, that have been issued to jobs in the manufacture of finished jewelry. Our moissanite jewel manufacturing process involves the production of intermediary shapes, called “preforms”, that vary depending upon the expected size and shape of the finished jewel. To maximize manufacturing efficiencies, preforms may be made in advance of current finished inventory needs but remain in work-in-process inventories. As of June 30, 2020 and 2019, work-in-process inventories issued to active production jobs approximated $1.34 million and $1.23 million, respectively.

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Each accounting period we evaluate the valuation and classification of inventories including the need for potential adjustments to inventory-related reserves, which also include significant estimates by management.

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the Inventories caption for a further description of our inventories accounting policy and see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more detailed information relating to our accounting for inventory-related reserves.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve this principle, we perform the following five steps: (i) identification of a contract with a customer; (ii) identification of any separate performance obligations; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when we have satisfied the underlying performance obligations. We recognize substantially all of our revenue at a point in time when control of our goods has passed to the customer with the exception of consigned goods. We consider our performance obligation related to the shipment of goods satisfied at the time this control is transferred. We also have a variable consideration element related to most of our contracts in the form of product return rights. At the time revenue is recognized, an allowance for estimated returns is established and any change in the allowance for returns is charged against net sales in the current period. For our customers (excluding those of charlesandcolvard.com), the returns policy generally allows for the return of jewels and finished jewelry with a valid reason for credit within 30 days of shipment, except for returns during the COVID-19 pandemic during which we generally extended the return period for an additional 30 days. Our charlesandcolvard.com customers may return purchases for any reason within 60 days in accordance with our returns policy as disclosed on the charlesandcolvard.com website. Periodically, we ship loose jewel goods and finished goods to Traditional segment customers on consignment terms. Under these consignment terms, the customer assumes the risk of loss and has an absolute right of return for a specified period that typically ranges from six months to one year. Our Online Channels segment and Traditional segment customers are generally required to make payments on consignment shipments within 30 to 60 days upon the customer informing us that such inventory will be kept by the customer. Accordingly, we do not recognize revenue on these consignment transactions until the earlier of (i) the customer informing us that the inventory will be kept by the customer; (ii) the expiration of the right of returns period; or (iii) the customer informing us that the inventory has been sold.

See Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data”, of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the Revenue Recognition caption for additional information regarding the underlying required disclosures arising from contracts with customers as well as a more detailed description of our revenue recognition accounting policy.

Accounts Receivable Reserves

Estimates are used to determine the amount of two reserves against trade accounts receivable. The first reserve is an allowance for sales returns. At the time revenue is recognized, we estimate future returns using a historical return rate that is reviewed quarterly with consideration of any contractual return privileges granted to customers, including any current extenuating economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and we reduce sales and trade accounts receivable by this estimated amount. Our allowance for sales returns was $704,000 and $746,000 at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The second reserve is an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the failure of our customers to make required payments. This allowance reduces trade accounts receivable to an amount expected to be collected. Based on historical percentages of uncollectible accounts by aging category, changes in payment history, and facts and circumstances, including any current extenuating economic conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, regarding specific accounts that become known to management when evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts, we determine a percentage based on the age of the receivable that we deem uncollectible. The allowance is then calculated by applying the appropriate percentage to each of our accounts receivable aging categories, with consideration given to individual customer account activity subsequent to the current period, including cash receipts, in determining the appropriate allowance for doubtful accounts in the current period. Any increases or decreases to this allowance are charged or credited, respectively, as a bad debt expense to general and administrative expenses. We generally use an internal collection effort, which may include our sales personnel as we deem appropriate. After all internal collection efforts have been exhausted, we generally write off the account receivable.

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	June 30,
	2020			2019
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,993,032		$	12,465,483
Restricted cash		624,202			541,062
Accounts receivable, net		670,718			1,962,471
Inventory, net		7,443,257			11,909,792
Prepaid expenses and other assets		1,177,860			989,559
Total current assets		23,909,069			27,868,367
Long-term assets:
Inventory, net		23,190,702			21,823,928
Property and equipment, net		999,061			1,026,098
Intangible assets, net		170,151			97,373
Operating lease right-of-use assets		584,143			-
Other assets		51,461			330,615
Total long-term assets		24,995,518			23,278,014
TOTAL ASSETS	$	48,904,587		$	51,146,381

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,748,235		$	3,279,548
Operating lease liabilities		622,493			-
Current maturity of long-term debt		193,000			-
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		1,922,332			1,418,232
Total current liabilities		6,486,060			4,697,780
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, net		772,000			-
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		203,003			-
Deferred rent		-			236,745
Accrued income taxes		7,947			6,214
Total long-term liabilities		982,950			242,959
Total liabilities		7,469,010			4,940,739
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9)
Shareholders’ equity:
Common stock, no par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 28,949,410 and 28,027,569 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively		54,342,864			54,342,864
Additional paid-in capital		25,880,165			24,488,147
Accumulated deficit		(38,787,452	)		(32,625,369	)
Total shareholders’ equity		41,435,577			46,205,642
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	48,904,587		$	51,146,381

	Common Stock
	Number of Shares			Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at June 30, 2018		21,705,173		$	54,243,816	$	14,962,071		$	(34,900,836	)	$	34,305,051
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs		6,250,000			-		9,058,568			-			9,058,568
Stock-based compensation		-			-		502,805			-			502,805
Issuance of restricted stock		19,896			-		-			-			-
Stock option exercises		52,500			99,048		(35,297	)		-			63,751
Net income		-			-		-			2,275,467			2,275,467
Balance at June 30, 2019		28,027,569		$	54,342,864	$	24,488,147		$	(32,625,369	)	$	46,205,642
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs		630,500			-		932,480			-			932,480
Stock-based compensation		-			-		459,538			-			459,538
Issuance of restricted stock		325,000			-		-			-			-
Retirement of restricted stock		(33,659	)		-		-			-			-
Net loss		-			-		-			(6,162,083	)		(6,162,083	)
Balance at June 30, 2020		28,949,410		$	54,342,864	$	25,880,165		$	(38,787,452	)	$	41,435,577

	Year Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net (loss) income	$	(6,162,083	)	$	2,275,467
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		490,235			481,319
Stock-based compensation		459,538			502,805
Provision for uncollectible accounts		8,788			27,056
(Recovery of) Provision for sales returns		(42,000	)		98,000
Inventory write-off		5,863,991			393,000
Provision for accounts receivable discounts		3,751			6,275
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		1,321,214			(328,080	)
Inventory		(2,764,230	)		(2,298,182	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets, net		490,438			(14,144	)
Accounts payable		468,687			(891,404	)
Deferred rent		-			(156,306	)
Accrued income taxes		1,733			21,706
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		109,123			799,287
Net cash provided by operating activities		249,185			916,799

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment		(458,854	)		(361,440	)
Payments for intangible assets		(77,122	)		(64,319	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(535,976	)		(425,759	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from long-term debt		965,000			-
Issuance of common stock, net of offering costs		932,480			9,058,568
Stock option exercises		-			63,751
Net cash provided by financing activities		1,897,480			9,122,319

NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH		1,610,689			9,613,359
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR		13,006,545			3,393,186
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF YEAR	$	14,617,234		$	13,006,545

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid during the year for interest	$	884		$	2,198
Cash paid during the year for income taxes	$	2,050		$	5,764

	June 30,
	2020		2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	13,993,032	$	12,465,483
Restricted cash		624,202		541,062
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	14,617,234	$	13,006,545

	Year Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Balance, beginning of year	$	746,000		$	648,000
Additions charged to operations		4,710,943			4,533,077
Sales returns		(4,752,943	)		(4,435,077	)
Balance, end of year	$	704,000		$	746,000

	Page Number

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	49

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2020 and 2019	50

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	51

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	52

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2020 and 2019	53

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	54

Machinery and equipment	5 to 12 years
Computer hardware	3 to 5 years
Computer software	3 years
Furniture and fixtures	5 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of the estimated useful life or the lease term

	Year Ended June 30, 2020
	Online Channels			Traditional			Total
Net sales
Finished jewelry	$	13,680,440		$	3,097,188		$	16,777,628
Loose jewels		2,944,100			9,467,292			12,411,392
Total	$	16,624,540		$	12,564,480		$	29,189,020

Product line cost of goods sold
Finished jewelry	$	5,760,413		$	1,709,377		$	7,469,790
Loose jewels		1,198,275			4,863,911			6,062,186
Total	$	6,958,688		$	6,573,288		$	13,531,976

Product line gross profit
Finished jewelry	$	7,920,027		$	1,387,811		$	9,307,838
Loose jewels		1,745,825			4,603,381			6,349,206
Total	$	9,665,852		$	5,991,192		$	15,657,044

Operating loss	$	(249,016	)	$	(6,066,712	)	$	(6,315,728	)

Depreciation and amortization	$	177,703		$	312,532		$	490,235

Capital expenditures	$	305,570		$	153,284		$	458,854

	Year Ended June 30, 2019
	Online Channels		Traditional		Total
Net sales
Finished jewelry	$	12,641,687	$	2,815,656	$	15,457,343
Loose jewels		3,697,069		13,089,697		16,786,766
Total	$	16,338,756	$	15,905,353	$	32,244,109

Product line cost of goods sold
Finished jewelry	$	5,220,551	$	1,638,561	$	6,859,112
Loose jewels		1,583,404		6,659,426		8,242,830
Total	$	6,803,955	$	8,297,987	$	15,101,942

Product line gross profit
Finished jewelry	$	7,421,136	$	1,177,095	$	8,598,231
Loose jewels		2,113,665		6,430,271		8,543,936
Total	$	9,534,801	$	7,607,366	$	17,142,167

Operating income	$	1,643,552	$	622,005	$	2,265,557

Depreciation and amortization	$	172,819	$	308,500	$	481,319

Capital expenditures	$	69,975	$	291,465	$	361,440

	June 30,						Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period (in Years)
	2020			2019
Patents	$	1,024,267		$	1,007,497			14.6
Trademarks		160,683			100,331			9.7
License rights		6,718			6,718			-
Total		1,191,668			1,114,546
Less accumulated amortization		(1,021,517	)		(1,017,173	)
Intangible assets, net	$	170,151		$	97,373

Operating Leases:
Noncurrent operating lease ROU assets	$	584,143

Current operating lease liabilities	$	622,493
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities		203,003
Total operating lease liabilities	$	825,496

2021	$	642,997
2022		219,723
Total lease payments		862,720
Less: imputed interest		(37,224	)
Present value of lease payments		825,496
Less: current lease obligations		622,493
Total long-term lease obligations	$	203,003

	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at June 30, 2018		2,388,169		$	1.46
Granted		285,025		$	1.00
Exercised		(52,500	)	$	1.21
Forfeited		(30,000	)	$	1.20
Expired		(67,056	)	$	1.71
Outstanding at June 30, 2019		2,523,638		$	1.39
Granted		605,387		$	0.95
Forfeited		(125,005	)	$	1.02
Expired		(194,925	)	$	1.18
Outstanding at June 30, 2020		2,809,095		$	1.33

Options Outstanding						Options Exercisable						Options Vested or Expected to Vest
Balance as of 6/30/2020		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Balance as of 6/30/2020		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Balance as of 6/30/2020		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)		Weighted Average Exercise Price
	2,809,095		5.74	$	1.33		2,396,208		5.11	$	1.37		2,743,077		5.66	$	1.34

	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at June 30, 2018		264,000		$	1.25
Granted		129,500		$	1.07
Vested		(154,396	)	$	1.20
Canceled		(109,604	)	$	1.31
Unvested at June 30, 2019		129,500		$	1.08
Granted		325,000		$	1.57
Vested		(258,341	)	$	1.07
Canceled		(33,659	)	$	1.07
Unvested at June 30, 2020		162,500		$	1.57

Balance at June 30, 2018	$	4,891
Increases related to prior fiscal year tax positions		1,323
Balance at June 30, 2019		6,214
Increases related to prior fiscal year tax positions		1,733
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	7,947

Exhibit No.		Description

3.1		Restated Articles of Incorporation of Charles & Colvard, Ltd. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004)

3.2		Bylaws of Charles & Colvard, Ltd., as amended and restated, effective May 19, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 24, 2011)

4.1		Specimen Certificate of Common Stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998)

10.1		Exclusive Supply Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2014, by and among Charles & Colvard, Ltd., Cree, Inc. and, solely for purposes of Section 6(c) of the Exclusive Supply Agreement, Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC and moissanite.com, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on December 16, 2014)*

10.2		First Amendment to Exclusive Supply Agreement, dated as of June 22, 2018, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Cree, Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on June 27, 2018)*

10.3		Second Amendment to Exclusive Supply Agreement, effective as of June 30, 2020, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Cree, Inc.** ++

10.4		Credit Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among Charles & Colvard, Ltd., charlesandcolvard.com, LLC, Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC, and White Oak Commercial Finance, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on July 17, 2018)

10.5		Security Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among Charles & Colvard, Ltd., charlesandcolvard.com, LLC, Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC, and White Oak Commercial Finance, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended June 30, 2018)

10.6		Intercreditor Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2018, by and among Charles & Colvard, Ltd., charlesandcolvard.com, LLC, Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC, Cree, Inc., and White Oak Commercial Finance, LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended June 30, 2018)

10.7		First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated June 15, 2020, by and among Charles & Colvard, Ltd., charlesandcolvard.com, LLC, Charles & Colvard Direct, LLC, and White Oak Commercial Finance, LLC++

10.8		Promissory Note, dated June 15, 2020, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd., and Newtek Small Business Finance, LLC++

10.9		Lease Agreement, dated December 9, 2013, between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Southport Business Park Limited Partnership (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on December 12, 2013)

10.10		First Amendment to Lease, dated December 23, 2013, between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Southport Business Park Limited Partnership (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013)

10.11		Second Amendment to Lease, dated April 15, 2014, between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Southport Business Park Limited Partnership (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2014)

10.12		Board Compensation Program, effective October 1, 2017 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017)+

10.13		Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 20, 2016)+

10.14		Form of Employee Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.116 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on June 2, 2008)+

10.15		Form of Employee Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.118 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on June 2, 2008)+

10.16		Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2018)

10.17		Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2018)

10.18		Form of Employee Incentive Stock Option Agreement under the Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2018)

10.19		Form of Employee Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2018)

10.20		Form of Non-Employee Director Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2018)

10.21		Form of Independent Contractor Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement under the Charles & Colvard, Ltd. 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on November 9, 2018)

10.22		Charles & Colvard, Ltd. Fiscal 2019 Q1-Q2 Senior Management Equity Incentive Program, effective July 1, 2018 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 29, 2018)+

10.23		Charles & Colvard, Ltd. Fiscal 2019 Q3-Q4 Senior Management Equity Incentive Program, effective January 1, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on February 13, 2019)+

10.24		Charles & Colvard, Ltd. Fiscal 2020 Senior Management Equity Incentive Program, effective July 1, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on July 11, 2019)+

10.25		Charles & Colvard, Ltd. Fiscal 2021 Senior Management Equity Incentive Program, effective July 1, 2020 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on August 4, 2020)+

10.26		Employment Agreement, dated December 1, 2015, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Suzanne Miglucci (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015)+

10.27		Employment Agreement, dated May 23, 2017, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Clint J. Pete (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 24, 2017)+

10.28		Employment Agreement, dated May 23, 2017, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Don O’Connell (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 24, 2017)+

10.29		Amendment to 2015 Employment Agreement, dated April 9, 2020, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Suzanne Miglucci (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on April 9, 2020)+

10.30		Amendment to 2017 Employment Agreement, dated April 9, 2020, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Clint J. Pete (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on April 9, 2020)+

10.31		Amendment to 2017 Employment Agreement, dated April 9, 2020, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Don O’Connell (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on April 9, 2020)+

10.32		Separation of Employment Agreement, dated May 28, 2020, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Suzanne Miglucci (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 29, 2020)+

10.33		Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, effective as of June 1, 2020, by and between Charles & Colvard, Ltd. and Don O’Connell (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K, as filed with the SEC on May 29, 2020)+

21.1		Subsidiaries of Charles & Colvard, Ltd. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended June 30, 2018)

23.1		Consent of BDO USA, LLP++

31.1		Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002++

31.2		Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002++

32.1		Certification by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002++

32.2		Certification by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002++

101		The following materials from Charles & Colvard, Ltd.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) and furnished electronically herewith: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

*		Asterisks located within the exhibit denote information which has been redacted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed with the SEC.

**		Asterisks located within the exhibit denote information which has been redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K because it is both not material and would likely cause competitive harm to us if publicly disclosed.

+		Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

++		Denotes filed herewith.

		CHARLES & COLVARD, LTD.

	By:	/s/ Don O’Connell
September 3, 2020		Don O’Connell
		President and Chief Executive Officer