transe20200722

Machinery, manufacturing and demonstration equipment (in years)

Computer equipment (in years)

Furniture (in years)

Leasehold improvements

Lesser of lease term or 3 to 10 years

transe20200722_10q.htm

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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________________

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 0-19437

_________________________________________________

TRANSENTERIX, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_________________________________________________

Delaware

11-2962080

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

635 Davis Drive, Suite 300, Morrisville, NC 27560

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (919) 765-8400

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act) Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class		Trading symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock $0.001 par value per share		TRXC		NYSE American

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock, as of July 31, 2020 was 99,876,465.

Table of Contents

TRANSENTERIX, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR FORM 10-Q

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)	2
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	45

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	46
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	46
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	46
Item 5.	Other Information	46
Item 6.	Exhibits	47

	SIGNATURES	48

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In addition to historical financial information, this report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, that concern matters that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are intended to qualify for the safe harbor from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this report, including statements regarding future events, our future financial performance, our future business strategy and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology including “anticipates,” “believes,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “in the event that,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “should” or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Although we do not make forward-looking statements unless we believe we have a reasonable basis for doing so, we cannot guarantee their accuracy. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on our operating results. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by us, which attempt to advise interested parties of the risks, uncertainties, and other factors that affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price, including without limitation the disclosures made under the captions “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Financial Statements,” “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements “and “Risk Factors” in this report, as well as the disclosures made in the TransEnterix, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K”), and other filings we make with the SEC. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. We expressly disclaim any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date hereof to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our opinions or expectations except as required by applicable law. To the extent that our business is negatively impacted due to a variety of factors, including the impact of COVID-19 on our operating results, we may implement longer-term cost reduction efforts in order to mitigate such impact. References in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company” refer to TransEnterix, Inc., including its subsidiaries, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc., SafeStitch LLC, TransEnterix International Inc.; TransEnterix Italia S.r.l.; TransEnterix Europe S.à.R.L; TransEnterix Asia Pte. Ltd.; TransEnterix Taiwan Ltd; TransEnterix Japan KK; TransEnterix Israel Ltd. and TransEnterix Netherlands B.V.

Any disclosure in this report regarding the receipt of CE Mark or Section 510(k) clearance for any of the Company’s products does not mean or infer any endorsement of the Company’s products by any government agency including, without limitation, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA.

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TransEnterix, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended						Six Months Ended
	June 30,						June 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenue:
Product	$	315		$	3,342		$	557		$	5,171
Service		340			297			698			649
Total revenue		655			3,639			1,255			5,820

Cost of revenue:
Product		720			2,956			1,633			4,229
Service		693			980			1,518			2,174
Total cost of revenue		1,413			3,936			3,151			6,403

Gross loss		(758	)		(297	)		(1,896	)		(583	)
Operating Expenses:
Research and development		4,257			6,295			8,191			11,950
Sales and marketing		2,901			7,868			7,154			15,542
General and administrative		3,619			4,489			6,968			9,049
Amortization of intangible assets		2,619			2,585			5,183			5,196
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		212			960			1,268			1,958
Restructuring and other charges		-			-			858			-
Acquisition related costs		-			-			-			45
Loss from sale of SurgiBot assets, net		-			-			-			97
Total Operating Expenses		13,608			22,197			29,622			43,837

Operating Loss		(14,366	)		(22,494	)		(31,518	)		(44,420	)
Other Income (Expense):
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		(114	)		2,528			(269	)		2,422
Interest income		4			178			31			496
Interest expense		-			(1,061	)		-			(2,177	)
Other expense		(55	)		(191	)		(70	)		(496	)
Total Other Income (Expense), net		(165	)		1,454			(308	)		245

Loss before income taxes		(14,531	)		(21,040	)		(31,826	)		(44,175	)
Income tax benefit		691			869			1,388			1,479

Net loss		(13,840	)		(20,171	)		(30,438	)		(42,696	)
Deemed dividend related to beneficial conversion feature of preferred stock		-			-			(412	)		-
Deemed dividend related to conversion of preferred stock into common stock		(299	)		-			(299	)		-
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		(14,139	)		(20,171	)		(31,149	)		(42,696	)

Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		(13,840	)		(20,171	)		(30,438	)		(42,696	)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)		962			1,240			90			(709	)

Comprehensive loss	$	(12,878	)	$	(18,931	)	$	(30,348	)	$	(43,405	)

Net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders - basic	$	(0.27	)	$	(1.21	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(2.56	)
Net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders - diluted	$	(0.27	)	$	(1.35	)	$	(0.77	)	$	(2.68	)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per common share - basic		52,351			16,729			40,628			16,703
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per common share - diluted		52,351			16,814			40,628			16,814

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TransEnterix, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

	June 30, 2020			December 31, 2019
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,603		$	9,598
Accounts receivable, net		971			620
Inventories		10,857			10,653
Other current assets		6,881			7,084
Total Current Assets		34,312			27,955

Restricted cash		627			969
Inventories, net of current portion		6,334			7,594
Property and equipment, net		6,963			4,706
Intellectual property, net		25,802			28,596
In-process research and development		-			2,470
Net deferred tax assets		40			-
Other long term assets		1,896			2,489
Total Assets	$	75,974		$	74,779

Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,347		$	3,579
Accrued expenses		6,840			8,553
Deferred revenue - current portion		868			818
Contingent consideration - current portion		-			73
Total Current Liabilities		10,055			13,023

Long Term Liabilities:
Deferred revenue - less current portion		-			27
Contingent consideration - less current portion		2,278			1,011
Notes payable, net of issuance costs		2,815			-
Warrant liabilities		187			2,388
Net deferred tax liabilities		-			1,392
Other long term liabilities		1,082			1,403
Total Liabilities		16,417			19,244

Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)

Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock $0.001 par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 56,902,140 and 20,691,301 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		57			21
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized, including 7,937,057 and 0 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and 0 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019		-			-
Additional paid-in capital		754,818			720,484
Accumulated deficit		(694,038	)		(663,600	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,280	)		(1,370	)
Total Stockholders' Equity		59,557			55,535
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	75,974		$	74,779

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TransEnterix, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock				Preferred Stock						Treasury Stock
	Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Shares			Amount		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, December 31, 2019		20,691	$	21		-		$	-			-		$	-	$	720,484		$	(663,600	)	$	(1,370	)	$	55,535
Stock-based compensation		-		-		-			-			-			-		1,923			-			-			1,923
Issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants under 2020 financing, net of issuance costs		14,122		14		7,937			79			-			-		13,432			-			-			13,525
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		7,030		7		-			-			-			-		11,205			-			-			11,212
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock		3,053		3		(3,053	)		(30	)		-			-		27			-			-			-
Exchange of shares for Series B Warrants		2,041		2		-			-			-			-		2,468			-			-			2,470
Award of restricted stock units		141		-		-			-			-			-		-			-			-			-
Return of common stock to pay withholding taxes on restricted stock		-		-		-			-			28			-		(33	)		-			-			(33	)
Cancellation of treasury stock		-		-		-			-			(28	)		-		-			-			-			-
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			-			(872	)		(872	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			(16,598	)		-			(16,598	)
Balance, March 31, 2020		47,078		47		4,884			49			-			-		749,506			(680,198	)		(2,242	)	$	67,162
Stock-based compensation		-		-		-			-			-			-		1,933			-			-			1,933
Exercise of warrants		4,913		5		-			-			-			-		3,335			-			-			3,340
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock		4,884		5		(4,884	)		(49	)		-			-		44			-			-			-
Award of restricted stock units		28		-		-			-			-			-		-			-			-			-
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			-			962			962
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			(13,840	)		-			(13,840	)
Balance, June 30,2020		56,903	$	57		-		$	-			-		$	-	$	754,818		$	(694,038	)	$	(1,280	)	$	59,557


Balance, December 31, 2018		16,642	$	17		-		$	-			-		$	-	$	676,572		$	(509,406	)	$	1,338		$	168,521
Stock-based compensation		-		-		-			-			-			-		2,981			-			-			2,981
Exercise of stock options and warrants		12		-		-			-			-			-		236			-			-			236
Award of restricted stock units		47		-		-			-			-			-		1			-			-			1
Return of common stock to pay withholding taxes on restricted stock		-		-		-			-			15			-		(499	)		-			-			(499	)
Cancellation of treasury stock		-		-		-			-			(15	)		-		-			-			-			-
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle		-		-		-			-			-			-		(7	)		7			-			-
Other comprehensive loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			-			(1,949	)		(1,949	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			(22,525	)		-			(22,525	)
Balance, March 31, 2019		16,701		17		-			-			-			-		679,284			(531,924	)		(611	)	$	146,766

Stock-based compensation		-		-		-			-			-			-		3,355			-			-			3,355
Exercise of stock options and warrants		25		-		-			-			-			-		297			-			-			297
Award of restricted stock units		14		-		-			-			-			-		-			-			-			-
Other comprehensive income		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			-			1,240			1,240
Net loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-			(20,171	)		-			(20,171	)
Balance, June 30, 2019		16,740	$	17		-		$	-			-		$	-	$	682,936		$	(552,095	)	$	629		$	131,487

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TransEnterix, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020			2019
Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(30,438	)	$	(42,696	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities:
Loss from sale of SurgiBot assets, net		-			97
Depreciation		1,162			1,126
Amortization of intangible assets		5,183			5,196
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs		-			622
Amortization of short-term investment discount		-			(300	)
Stock-based compensation		3,856			6,336
Interest expense on deferred consideration - MST acquisition		-			387
Deferred tax benefit		(1,388	)		(1,479	)
Write down of inventory		-			761
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		269			(2,422	)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		1,268			1,958

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(350	)		2,808
Interest receivable		-			(4	)
Inventories		(2,332	)		(10,301	)
Other current and long term assets		827			(3,689	)
Accounts payable		(1,221	)		2,499
Accrued expenses		(1,736	)		(1,454	)
Deferred revenue		22			(862	)
Other long term liabilities		(258	)		1,879
Net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities		(25,136	)		(39,538	)

Investing Activities:
Purchase of short-term investments		-			(12,883	)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments		-			55,000
Purchase of property and equipment		(3	)		(189	)
Net cash and cash equivalents (used in) provided by investing activities		(3	)		41,928

Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants under 2020 financing, net of issuance costs		13,525			-
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs		11,212			-
Proceeds from notes payable, net of issuance costs		2,815			(30	)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of vesting of restricted stock units		(33	)		(499	)
Payment of contingent consideration		(74	)		-
Proceeds from exercise of warrants		3,340			534
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities		30,785			5

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		17			(32	)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		5,663			2,363
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		10,567			21,651
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	16,230		$	24,014

Supplemental Disclosure for Cash Flow Information:
Interest paid	$	-		$	1,528

Supplemental Schedule of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Transfer of inventories to property and equipment	$	3,403		$	415
Exchange of common stock for Series B Warrants	$	2,470		$	-
Transfer of in-process research and development to intellectual property	$	2,425		$	-
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	$	79		$	-

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TransEnterix, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1.	Business Overview

Overview

TransEnterix, Inc. is a medical device company that is digitizing the interface between the surgeon and the patient in laparoscopy to increase control and reduce surgical variability in today’s value-based healthcare environment. It is focused on the market development for and commercialization of the Senhance® Surgical System, which digitizes laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery, or MIS. The Senhance Surgical System is the first and only digital, multi-port laparoscopic platform designed to maintain laparoscopic MIS standards while providing digital benefits such as haptic feedback, robotic precision, comfortable ergonomics, advanced instrumentation including 3 millimeter microlaparoscopic instruments, eye-sensing camera control and fully-reusable standard instruments to help maintain per-procedure costs similar to traditional laparoscopy.

The Company believes that future outcomes of minimally invasive surgery will be enhanced through its combination of more advanced tools and robotic functionality, which are designed to empower surgeons with improved precision, ergonomics, dexterity and visualization; offer high patient satisfaction and enable a desirable post-operative recovery; and provide a cost-effective robotic system, compared to existing alternatives today, for a wide range of clinical applications and operative sites within the healthcare system.

The Senhance System is commercially available in Europe, the United States, Japan and select other countries.

•

The Senhance System has a CE Mark in Europe for adult and pediatric laparoscopic abdominal and pelvic surgery, as well as limited thoracic surgeries excluding cardiac and vascular surgery.

•

In the United States, the Company has received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for use of the Senhance System in laparoscopic colorectal and gynecologic surgery in a total of 28 indicated procedures, including benign and oncologic procedures, laparoscopic inguinal hernia and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) surgery.

•

In Japan, the Company has received regulatory approval and reimbursement for 98 laparoscopic procedures.

Over the past 24 months, the Company successfully obtained FDA clearance and CE Mark for its 3 millimeter diameter instruments, its Senhance ultrasonic system, its 3 millimeter and 5 millimeter hooks, and the Senhance articulating system. The 3 millimeter instruments enable the Senhance System to be used for microlaparoscopic surgeries, allowing for tiny incisions. The ultrasonic system is an advanced energy device used to deliver controlled energy to ligate and divide tissue, while minimizing thermal injury to surrounding structures. The Senhance articulating system was launched in Europe in November 2019 and the Company is evaluating its pathway forward to launch such a system in the United States with a planned submission for U.S. clearance in the first quarter of 2021.

In January 2020, the Company submitted an application to the FDA seeking clearance of the first machine vision system for its robotic surgery unit named Intelligent Surgical Unit (ISU™). The Intelligent Surgical Unit was developed using the image analytics technology acquired from MST in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company believes it is the first such FDA submission seeking clearance for machine vision technology in abdominal robotic surgery. On March 13, 2020, the Company announced that it had received FDA clearance for the Intelligent Surgical Unit.

The Company continues to make additional submissions for clearance or approval for enhancements to the Senhance System and related instruments and accessories, including additional filings and approvals sought in Japan.

The Company is implementing its strategy to place Senhance Systems with customers pursuant to leasing arrangements and to work with its customers to increase utilization. As of July 31, 2020, the Company has installed six Senhance Systems, including one in July 2020.

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Risks and Uncertainties

The Company is subject to risks similar to other similarly sized companies in the medical device industry. These risks include, without limitation: potential negative impacts on the Company's operations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern; the historical lack of profitability; the Company’s ability to raise additional capital; the success of its market development efforts, the liquidity and capital resources of its partners; its ability to successfully develop, clinically test and commercialize its products; the timing and outcome of the regulatory review process for its products; changes in the health care and regulatory environments of the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan, Taiwan and other countries in which the Company operates or intends to operate; its ability to attract and retain key management, marketing and scientific personnel; its ability to successfully prepare, file, prosecute, maintain, defend and enforce patent claims and other intellectual property rights; its ability to successfully transition from a research and development company to a marketing, sales and distribution concern; competition in the market for robotic surgical devices; and its ability to identify and pursue development of additional products.

In 2020, the Company is focusing its marketing efforts on markets with high utilization of laparoscopic techniques, including Japan, Western Europe and the United States. Its focus is on (1) increasing the number of placements of the Senhance System, not necessarily through sales, but through leasing arrangements, (2) increasing the number of procedures conducted using the Senhance System quarter over quarter, and (3) solidifying key opinion leader support and publications related to the use of the Senhance System in laparoscopic procedures. During this period the Company is not focusing on revenue targets. As further discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the Company’s operations, primarily due to the temporary cessation of elective surgical procedures in many markets, and the challenges and restrictions caused by stay-at-home orders, social distancing requirements and travel restrictions.

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company announced the implementation of a restructuring plan to reduce operating expenses as it continues the global market development of the Senhance platform. Under the restructuring plan, it reduced headcount primarily in the sales and marketing functions and determined that the carrying value of its inventory exceeded the net realizable value due to a decrease in expected sales. The restructuring charges amounted to $8.8 million, of which $7.4 million was an inventory write down and was included in cost of product revenue and $1.4 million related to employee severance costs and was included as restructuring and other charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss during the fourth quarter of 2019. During the first half of 2020, the Company continued its restructuring with additional headcount reductions which resulted in $0.9 million related to severance costs which were or are expected to be paid in 2020. The total amount of accrued and unpaid restructuring costs as of June 30, 2020 is $1.0 million and is included in accrued expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.

With respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has taken steps, and will continue to take further actions, in its approach to minimizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business. In March 2020, to ensure the health and well-being of its employees, the Company implemented work from home at all its facilities, which restrictions were lifted in part in June 2020. The Company has also implemented cost containment strategies across all areas of the organization, including continued curtailment of Company travel, canceling of trade shows for 2020 and temporary salary reductions for its senior management and certain groups of its field-based employees. The Senhance Systems are manufactured at a contract manufacturing facility in Milan. Due to the quarantine in Northern Italy, the assembly of new units was disrupted, but has returned to normal operating levels. A variety of travel restrictions have caused a delay in the Company’s product installation and training activities. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company has seen elective surgical procedures recommence in the United States, Europe and Japan, but not, to date, to the levels seen before the COVID-19 pandemic. This has significantly impacted the Company’s ability to implement our market development activities to place our Senhance Systems, provide training, and increase the use of the Senhance Systems in place. Given the dynamic nature of this health emergency, the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s ongoing business, results of operations and overall financial performance cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

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2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

On December 11, 2019, following receipt of approval from stockholders at a special meeting of stockholders held on the same day, the Company filed an amendment to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of one-for-thirteen, or the Reverse Stock Split. The Company’s common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on NYSE American on the morning of December 12, 2019. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, the Company rounded up each fractional share resulting from the reverse stock split to the nearest whole share. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the Company’s outstanding common stock decreased from approximately 261.9 million shares to approximately 20.2 million shares (without giving effect to the rounding up for each fractional share).

Unless otherwise noted, all share and per share data referenced in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, certain amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto may be slightly different than previously reported due to rounding of fractional shares, and certain amounts within the condensed consolidated balance sheets were reclassified between common stock and additional paid-in capital.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared using U.S. GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplate the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $694.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and working capital of $24.3 million as of June 30, 2020. The Company has not established sufficient sales revenues to cover its operating costs and requires additional capital to proceed with its operating plan.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. In order to continue as a going concern, the Company will need, among other things, additional capital resources. Traditionally, the Company has raised additional capital through equity offerings, including raising net proceeds of $13.5 million in the March 2020 public offering (see Note 10) and an additional $13.7 million in net proceeds in the July 2020 public offering (see Note 14). Additionally, in April 2020 the Company secured a non-recourse loan in the principal amount of $2.8 million under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), as amended that may be forgiven under certain circumstances (see Note 8). Management's plan to obtain additional resources for the Company may include additional sales of equity, traditional financing, such as loans, entry into a strategic collaboration, entry into an out-licensing arrangement or provision of additional distribution rights in some or all of our markets. In addition, the Company may consider fundamental business combination transactions. If the Company is unable to obtain additional and adequate capital through one of these methods, or if expected capital from existing agreements is not received when due, or at all, it would need to reduce its sales and marketing and administrative expenses and delay research and development projects, including the purchase of equipment and supplies, until it is able to obtain sufficient funds. If such sufficient funds are not received on a timely basis, the Company would then need to pursue a plan to license or sell its assets, seek to be acquired by another entity, cease operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. However, management cannot provide any assurance that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any or all of its plans. The Company believes the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact its operations and ability to implement its market development efforts, which will have a negative effect on its financial condition.

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At June 30, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, of approximately $15.6 million. The ability of the Company to continue to secure needed financing until it becomes profitable raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern during the one year after the date that these financial statements are issued. The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these aforementioned uncertainties.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, contingent consideration, warrant liabilities, stock compensation expense, revenue recognition, accounts receivable reserves, excess and obsolete inventory reserves, inventory classification between current and non-current, and deferred tax asset valuation allowances.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant social and economic restrictions that have been imposed in the United States and abroad, which has resulted in significant volatility in the global economy and led to reduced economic activity. In the preparation of these financial statements and related disclosures, the Company has assessed the impact that COVID-19 has had on its estimates, assumptions, forecasts, and accounting policies. The Company continues to monitor closely the COVID-19 pandemic impact on its estimates, assumptions and forecasts used in the preparation of its financial statements. As the COVID-19 situation is unprecedented and ever evolving, future events and effects related to COVID-19 cannot be determined with precision, and actual results could significantly differ from estimates or forecasts.

Principles of Consolidation and Foreign Currency Considerations

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, SafeStitch LLC, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc., TransEnterix International, Inc., TransEnterix Italia S.r.l., TransEnterix Europe S.à.R.L, TransEnterix Asia Pte. Ltd., TransEnterix Taiwan Ltd., TransEnterix Japan KK, TransEnterix Israel Ltd. and TransEnterix Netherlands B.V. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The functional currency of the Company’s operational foreign subsidiaries is predominantly the Euro. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The cumulative translation effect for a subsidiary using a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar is included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

The Company’s intercompany accounts are denominated in the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables that the Company considers to be of a long-term investment nature are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, while gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables from a foreign subsidiary for which the Company anticipates settlement in the foreseeable future are recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The net gains and losses included in net loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were not significant.

Concentrations and Credit Risk

The Company’s principal financial instruments subject to potential concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, including amounts held in money market accounts. The Company places cash deposits with a federally insured financial institution. The Company maintains its cash at banks and financial institutions it considers to be of high credit quality; however, the Company’s domestic cash deposits may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insured limit. Balances in excess of federally insured limitations may not be insured. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts, and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts.

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The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from sales to customers located throughout the world. The Company evaluates its customers’ financial condition and, generally, requires no collateral from its customers. The Company provides reserves for potential credit losses and recorded no bad debt expense for any of the periods presented. The Company had eight customers who constituted 76% of the Company’s net accounts receivable as of June 30, 2020. The Company had eight customers who constituted 85% of the Company’s net accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019.

The Company had seven customers who accounted for 60% of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and five customers who accounted for 91% of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The Company had nine customers who accounted for 65% of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and two customers who accounted for 76% of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 included $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in cash accounts held as collateral primarily under the terms of an office operating lease, credit cards, automobile leases, and a performance guarantee required by the government of a country in which a Senhance System was sold in 2018.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value, which includes an allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts. The allowance for uncollectible accounts was determined on a customer specific basis based on deemed collectability. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $1.7 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. Inventory costs include direct materials, direct labor, and normal manufacturing overhead. The Company records reserves, when necessary, to reduce the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value. Management considers forecast demand in relation to the inventory on hand, competitiveness of product offerings, market conditions and product life cycles when determining excess and obsolescence and net realizable value adjustments. At the point of loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.

Any inventory on hand at the measurement date in excess of the Company's current requirements based on anticipated levels of sales is classified as long-term on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s classification of long-term inventory requires it to estimate the portion of on hand inventory that can be realized over the upcoming twelve months.

Identifiable Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets - Intellectual Property

Intellectual property consists of purchased patent rights and developed technology acquired as part of a business acquisition. Developed technology includes reclassified IPR&D assets related to (i) the Senhance System acquired in 2015 and reclassified in 2017 and (ii) MST acquired in 2018 and reclassified in 2020. Amortization of the patent rights is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the patents of 10 years. Amortization of the developed technology is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 5 to 7 years.

The Company periodically evaluates intellectual property for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. To determine the recoverability, the Company evaluates the probability that future estimated undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value. No impairment of intellectual property was identified during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

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Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets – In-Process Research and Development

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) assets represent the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired, which at the time of acquisition have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During the period that the IPR&D assets are considered indefinite-lived, they are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if the Company becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the IPR&D assets are less than their carrying amounts. To determine the recoverability, the Company evaluates the probability that future estimated discounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value.

The Company performed an impairment test of its IPR&D at the end of the third quarter 2019 as recent events and changes in market conditions indicated that the asset might be impaired. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company concluded that the fair value determined by the market value approach was lower than the carrying value and recognized a $7.9 million impairment charge to its IPR&D. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment at December 31, 2019 and no additional impairment was required.

The Company reclassifies IPR&D assets to intellectual property when development is complete, which generally occurs upon regulatory approval and the Company is able to commercialize products. The completed IPR&D assets are then classified as definite-lived intangible assets (developed technology) and are amortized based on their estimated useful lives at that point in time. If development is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full or partial impairment charge related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of carrying value of the IPR&D assets over fair value.

The Company did not identify any impairment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. As of June 30, 2020, all IPR&D assets have been reclassified to intellectual property.

Goodwill

Goodwill of $93.8 million was recorded in connection with a September 2013 merger transaction, goodwill of $38.3 million was recorded in connection with the Senhance Acquisition and goodwill of $9.6 million was recorded in connection with the MST Medical Surgical Technologies, Ltd. Acquisition (see Note 3).

The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill at December 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the Company’s one reporting unit may not be recoverable. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company’s stock price declined significantly as a result of decreased sales and goodwill was deemed to be fully impaired, resulting in an impairment charge of $79.0 million.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists primarily of machinery, manufacturing equipment, demonstration equipment, computer equipment, furniture, and leasehold improvements, which are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

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Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company reviews its property and equipment assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. To determine the recoverability, the Company evaluates the probability that future estimated undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value. The Company did not identify any impairment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Contingent Consideration

Contingent cash consideration arising from business combinations is recorded as a liability and is the estimate of the fair value of potential milestone payments related to those acquisitions. Contingent consideration is measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model using significant unobservable inputs including the probability of achieving each of the potential milestones, future Euro-to-USD exchange rates, and an estimated discount rate associated with the risks of the expected cash flows attributable to the various milestones. Significant increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success or changes in expected achievement of any of these milestones would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value of these milestones, respectively, and commensurate changes to the associated liability. The contingent consideration is revalued at each reporting period and changes in fair value are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Warrant Liabilities

The Company’s Series B Warrants (see Note 9) are measured at fair value using a simulation model which takes into account, as of the valuation date, factors including the current exercise price, the expected life of the warrant, the current price of the underlying stock, its expected volatility, holding cost and the risk-free interest rate for the term of the warrant (see Note 4). The warrant liability is revalued at each reporting period and changes in fair value are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The selection of the appropriate valuation model and the inputs and assumptions that are required to determine the valuation requires significant judgment and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of the related liability and reported amounts of the change in fair value. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and changes in these estimates are recorded when known.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue consists of product revenue resulting from the sale of Systems, System components, instruments and accessories, and service revenue. The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract between the Company and the customer, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of the contract consideration is probable. The Company's revenues are measured based on consideration specified in the contract with each customer, net of any sales incentives and taxes collected from customers that are remitted to government authorities. The Company’s System sale arrangements generally include a five-year service period; the first year of service is generally free and included in the System sale arrangement and the remaining four years are generally included at a stated service price.

The Company’s System sale arrangements generally contain multiple products and services. For these consolidated sale arrangements, the Company accounts for individual products and services as separate performance obligations if they are distinct, which is if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the consolidated package, and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The Company’s System sale arrangements may include a combination of the following performance obligations: System(s), System components, instruments, accessories, and System service.

For arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative estimated standalone selling price. When available, standalone selling prices are based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells the products or services; however due to limited sales to date, standalone selling prices generally are not directly observable. The Company estimates the standalone selling price using the market assessment approach considering market conditions and entity-specific factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the products and services, geographies, type of customer, and market conditions. The Company regularly reviews estimated standalone selling prices and updates these estimates if necessary.

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The Company enters into lease arrangements with certain qualified customers. Revenue related to arrangements including lease elements are allocated to lease and non-lease elements based on their relative standalone selling prices. Lease elements generally include a Senhance System, while non-lease elements generally include service, instruments, and accessories. For some lease arrangements, the customers are provided with the right to purchase the leased System at some point during and/or at the end of the lease term. In some arrangements lease payments are based on the usage of the System.

In determining whether a transaction should be classified as a sales-type or operating lease, the Company considers the following terms at lease commencement: (1) whether title of the Senhance System transfers automatically or for a nominal fee by the end of the lease term, (2) whether the present value of the minimum lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased System, (3) whether the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the leased System, (4) whether the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the leased System that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, and (5) whether the underlying System is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the Company at the end of the lease term. All such arrangements through June 30, 2020 are classified as operating leases.

The Company recognizes revenues as the performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to a customer. The Company generally recognizes revenue for the performance obligations as follows:

●

System sales. For Systems and System components sold directly to end customers, revenue is recognized when the Company transfers control to the customer, which is generally at the point when acceptance occurs that indicates customer acknowledgment of delivery or installation, depending on the terms of the arrangement. For Systems sold through distributors, for which distributors are responsible for installation, revenue is recognized generally at the time of shipment. The Company’s System arrangements generally do not provide a right of return. The Systems are generally covered by a one-year warranty. Warranty costs were not material for the periods presented.

●

Lease arrangements. Revenue related to lease elements from operating lease arrangements is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term or based upon System usage and is presented as product revenue.

●

Instruments and accessories. Revenue from sales of instruments and accessories is recognized when control is transferred to the customers, which generally occurs at the time of shipment, but also occurs at the time of delivery depending on the customer arrangement.

●

Service. Service revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the service period as the customers benefit from the service throughout the service period. Revenue related to services performed on a time-and-materials basis is recognized when performed.

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The following table presents revenue disaggregated by type and geography (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
U.S.
Systems	$	45	$	-	$	75	$	-
Instruments and accessories		7		25		67		25
Services		103		127		171		260
Total U.S. revenue		155		152		313		285

Outside of U.S. ("OUS")
Systems		117		2,782		127		4,065
Instruments and accessories		146		535		288		1,081
Services		237		170		527		389
Total OUS revenue		500		3,487		942		5,535

Total
Systems		162		2,782		202		4,065
Instruments and accessories		153		560		355		1,106
Services		340		297		698		649
Total revenue	$	655	$	3,639	$	1,255	$	5,820

The Company recognizes sales by geographic area based on the country in which the customer is based. Operating lease revenue is included in the above table and was approximately $0.1 million and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations relates to amounts allocated to products and services for which the revenue has not yet been recognized. A significant portion of this amount relates to service obligations performed under the Company's System sales contracts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $3.0 million and $3.7 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company invoices its customers based on the billing schedules in its sales arrangements. Contract assets for the periods presented primarily represent the difference between the revenue that was recognized based on the relative selling price of the related performance obligations and the contractual billing terms in the arrangements. Contract assets are included in accounts receivable and totaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Deferred revenue for the periods presented was primarily related to service obligations, for which the service fees are billed up-front, generally annually. The associated deferred revenue is generally recognized ratably over the service period. The Company did not have any significant impairment losses on its contract assets for the periods presented. Revenue recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each reporting period was $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Revenue recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each reporting period was $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 also included $1.3 million from a System sold in 2017 for which revenue was deferred until its first clinical use, which occurred in the second quarter of 2019. The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that remain unsatisfied as of June 30, 2020 was $3.0 million, which is expected to be recognized as revenue over one to three years.

In connection with assets recognized from the costs to obtain a contract with a customer, the Company determined that the sales incentive programs for its sales team do not meet the requirements to be capitalized as the Company does not expect to generate future economic benefits from the related revenue from the initial sales transaction and such costs are expensed as incurred.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of contract manufacturing, materials, labor and manufacturing overhead incurred internally to produce the products. Shipping and handling costs incurred by the Company are included in cost of revenue. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0 and $0.8 million of expenses, respectively, for inventory obsolescence related to certain System components. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0 and $0.8 million of expenses, respectively, for inventory obsolescence related to certain System components.

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Research and Development Costs

Research and development expenses primarily consist of engineering, product development and regulatory expenses, incurred in the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company follows ASC 718 “Stock Compensation”, which provides guidance in accounting for share-based awards exchanged for services rendered and requires companies to expense the estimated fair value of these awards over the requisite service period. The Company recognizes as expense, the grant-date fair value of stock options and other stock-based compensation issued to employees and non-employee directors over the requisite service periods, which are typically the vesting periods. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton model to estimate the fair value of our stock-based payments. The volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model is based on the calculated historical volatility based on an analysis of reported data for a peer group of companies as well as the Company’s historical volatility. The expected term of options granted has been determined based upon the simplified method, because the Company does not have sufficient historical information regarding its options to derive the expected term. Under this approach, the expected term is the mid-point between the weighted average of vesting period and the contractual term. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury rates whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero. The Company estimates forfeitures based on its historical experience and adjust the estimated forfeiture rate based upon actual experience.

The fair value of restricted stock units is determined by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Compensation expense for stock-based compensation was approximately $1.9 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was approximately $3.9 million and $6.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

On June 8, 2020, following the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors approved and granted equity awards to the members of the Board and the executive officers of the Company. The awards to the non-employee directors consisted of annual equity grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock options under the director compensation program, with a grant date value of $45,000 per non-employee director, as well as one-time compensatory awards to the Board members for service to the Company during this critical time in the Company’s history with a grant date value ranging from $5,000 to $10,000, depending on length of Board service.

The awards to the executive officers include the 2020 annual long-term incentive grants, as well as a retention and promotion grant for our Chief Executive Officer. Thirty percent of the value of the annual long-term incentive awards to our CEO is comprised of performance-based RSUs, which will only vest if the Company’s stock price is at least $1.00 or more for twenty consecutive trading days in a three-year performance period.

The awards were all made under the Company’s Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan. An aggregate of 2,061,289 shares of common stock underlie these awards if they fully vest.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities for the temporary differences between financial reporting and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities, and for tax carryforwards at enacted statutory rates in effect for the years in which the asset or liability is expected to be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets and liabilities to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company has elected to account for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a period expense in the year the tax is incurred.

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The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of an income tax position only after determining that the relevant taxing authority would more likely than not sustain the position following audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant taxing authority. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties in the provision for income taxes.

Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require application of significant judgment. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. Due to the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards, the Company may be subject to examination by authorities for all previously filed income tax returns.

In a referendum held on May 19, 2019, Swiss voters adopted the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AVS Financing (TRAF). TRAF introduces major changes in the Swiss tax system by abolishing certain current preferential tax regimes and replacing them with new measures that are in line with international standards. The referendum did not have a material impact on the Company for the 2020 or 2019 tax provisions. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of these provisions in future periods as the enactment process in completed.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, as amended on June 5, 2020 through the enactment of the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act, provides numerous tax provisions and stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, and technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property. The Company continues to evaluate the provisions of the CARES Act, as amended, relating to income taxes which may result in adjustments to certain deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Segments

The Company operates in one business segment—the research, development and sale of medical device robotics to improve minimally invasive surgery. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (determined to be the Chief Executive Officer) does not manage any part of the Company separately, and the allocation of resources and assessment of performance are based on the Company’s consolidated operating results.

Approximately 26% and 19% of the Company’s total consolidated assets are located within the United States as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The remaining assets are mostly located in Europe and are primarily related to the Company’s facility in Italy, and include intellectual property, in-process research and development, other current assets, property and equipment, cash, accounts receivable, other long-term assets and inventory of $56.4 million and $60.5 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Total assets outside of the United States amounted to 74% and 81% of total consolidated assets at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company recognizes sales by geographic area based on the country in which the customer is based. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, 25% and 5%, respectively, of net revenue were generated in the United States; while 52% and 42%, respectively, were generated in Europe; and 23% and 53% were generated in Asia. For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, 24% and 4%, respectively, of net revenue were generated in the United States; while 56% and 48%, respectively, were generated in Europe; and 20% and 47% were generated in Asia.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2020 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC 740, Income Tax and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. ASU 2019-12 will be effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those periods, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which is designed to provide financial statement users with more information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. When determining such expected credit losses, the guidance requires companies to apply a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. This guidance is effective on a modified retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

3.	Acquisitions

MST Medical Surgery Technologies Ltd. Acquisition

On September 23, 2018, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “MST Purchase Agreement”) with MST Medical Surgery Technologies Ltd., an Israeli private company (“MST”), and two of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries, as purchasers of the assets of MST (collectively, the “Buyers”). The closing of the transactions occurred on October 31, 2018, pursuant to which the Company acquired MST’s assets consisting of intellectual property and tangible assets related to surgical analytics with its core image analytics technology designed to empower and automate the surgical environment, with a focus on medical robotics and computer-assisted surgery. The core technology acquired under the MST Purchase Agreement is a software-based image analytics information platform powered by advanced visualization, scene recognition, artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics.

Under the terms of the MST Purchase Agreement, at the closing the Buyers purchased substantially all of the assets of MST. The acquisition price consisted of two tranches. At or prior to the closing of the transaction the Buyers paid $5.8 million in cash and the Company issued approximately 242,310 shares of the Company’s common stock (the "Initial Shares"). A second tranche of $6.6 million in additional consideration was payable in cash, stock or cash and stock, at the discretion of the Company, within one year after the closing date. On August 7, 2019, the Company notified MST that the Company would satisfy the additional consideration payment of $6.6 million by issuing shares of TransEnterix common stock. The number of shares issued to MST was 370,423 (the “Additional Consideration Shares” and, together with the Initial Shares, the “Securities Consideration”). The Additional Consideration Shares contained certain lock-up restrictions all of which lapsed on February 7, 2020.

On July 3, 2019 the Company entered into a System Sale Agreement with Great Belief International Limited or GBIL to sell certain assets related to the AutoLap technology. On October 15, 2019, the Company amended the prior AutoLap Sale Agreement with GBIL. Pursuant to the amended agreement the Company sold the AutoLap laparoscopic vision system, or AutoLap, and related assets to GBIL. The assets include inventory, spare parts, production equipment, testing equipment and certain intellectual property specifically related to the AutoLap. The purchase price was $17.0 million, all of which was received in 2019 in the form of $16 million in cash and a commitment by GBIL to pay $1.0 million to settle certain Company obligations in China. GBIL subsequently paid the obligation. Under the amended AutoLap Agreement, the Company entered into a cross-license agreement with GBIL to retain rights to use any AutoLap-related intellectual property sold to GBIL, and to non-exclusively license additional intellectual property to GBIL. The Company recorded a $16.0 million gain on the sale of the AutoLap assets during the year ended December 31, 2019, which represented the proceeds received in excess of the carrying value of the assets, less contract costs.

Senhance Surgical Robotic System

On September 21, 2015, the Company completed the strategic acquisition, through its wholly owned subsidiary TransEnterix International, from Sofar, of all of the assets, employees and contracts related to the advanced robotic system for minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery now known as the Senhance System. Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the consideration consisted of the issuance of (i) 1,195,647 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Securities Consideration”) and (ii) approximately $25.0 million U.S. Dollars and €27.5 million Euro in cash consideration (the “Cash Consideration”).

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On December 30, 2016, the Company and Sofar entered into an Amendment to the Purchase Agreement (the “Amendment”) to restructure the terms of the second tranche of the Cash Consideration (the “Second Tranche”). The initial Securities Consideration was issued in full at the closing of the Senhance Acquisition; under the Amendment, the second tranche of the Cash Consideration was restructured, and an additional issuance of 286,360 shares of the Company’s common stock with an aggregate fair market value of €5.0 million occurred in January 2017. Following the Amendment, the total Cash Consideration was $25.0 million and approximately €22.5 million, of which all but €15.0 million has been paid as of June 30, 2020. The remaining Cash Consideration to be paid is the third tranche of the Cash Consideration (the “Third Tranche”) of €15.0 million which shall be payable upon achievement of trailing revenues from sales or services contracts of the Senhance System of at least €25.0 million over a calendar quarter.

The fourth tranche of the Cash Consideration of €2.5 million was payable in installments by December 31 of each year as reimbursement for certain debt payments made by Sofar under an existing Sofar loan agreement in such year, with payments beginning as of December 31, 2017. As of June 30, 2020, the Company had paid all installments of the fourth tranche.

The Third Tranche payments will be accelerated in the event that (i) the Company or TransEnterix International is acquired, (ii) the Company significantly reduces or suspends selling efforts of the Senhance System, or (iii) the Company acquires a business that offers alternative products that are directly competitive with the Senhance System. The remaining amounts due to Sofar are included in contingent consideration as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 at their estimated fair value.

4.	Fair Value

The carrying values of accounts receivable, accounts payable, and certain accrued expenses as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these items.

The Company held certain assets and liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These assets and liabilities include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, contingent consideration and warrant liabilities. ASC 820-10 (“Fair Value Measurement Disclosure”) requires the valuation using a three-tiered approach, which requires that fair value measurements be classified and disclosed in one of three tiers. These tiers are:

●

Level 1, defined as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

●

Level 2, defined as valuations based on observable inputs other than those included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable input data; and

●

Level 3, defined as valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants.

The determination of where an asset or liability falls in the hierarchy requires significant judgment; however, the Company expects changes in classifications between levels will be rare. The Company did not have any transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and the year ended December 31, 2019.

For assets and liabilities recorded at fair value, it is the Company’s policy to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when developing fair value measurements, in accordance with the fair value hierarchy. Fair value measurements for assets and liabilities where there exists limited or no observable market data and therefore, are based primarily upon estimates, are often calculated based on the economic and competitive environment, the characteristics of the asset or liability and other factors. Therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability. Additionally, there may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results of current or future values.

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The following are the major categories of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	June 30, 2020
	(in thousands)

Description	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets measured at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,603	$	-	$	-	$	15,603
Restricted cash		627		-		-		627
Total assets measured at fair value	$	16,230	$	-	$	-	$	16,230
Liaiblities measured at fair value
Contingent consideration	$	-	$	-	$	2,278	$	2,278
Warrant liabilities		-		-		187		187
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	-	$	-	$	2,465	$	2,465

	December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)

Description	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets measured at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,598	$	-	$	-	$	9,598
Restricted cash		969		-		-		969
Total assets measured at fair value	$	10,567	$	-	$	-	$	10,567
Liaiblities measured at fair value
Contingent consideration	$	-	$	-	$	1,084	$	1,084
Warrant liabilities		-		-		2,388		2,388
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	-	$	-	$	3,472	$	3,472

The Company’s financial liabilities consisted of contingent consideration potentially payable to Sofar related to the Senhance Acquisition in September 2015 (see Note 3). This liability is reported as Level 3 as estimated fair value of the contingent consideration related to the acquisition requires significant management judgment or estimation and is calculated using the income approach, using various revenue and cost assumptions and applying a probability to each outcome. The increase in fair value of the contingent consideration of $0.2 million and $1.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively, was primarily due to a change in the Company's long-term forecast as well as the passage of time. The increase in fair value of the contingent consideration of $1.0 million and $2.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, was primarily due to the passage of time. Adjustments associated with the change in fair value of contingent consideration are included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company uses a probability-weighted income approach for estimating the fair value of the contingent consideration. The significant unobservable inputs used in this approach include estimates of amounts and timing of stated milestones and the discount rate.

On April 28, 2017, the Company sold 24.9 million units (the “Units”), each consisting of approximately 0.077 shares of the Company’s common stock, a Series A warrant to purchase approximately 0.077 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $13.00 per share (the “Series A Warrants”), and a Series B warrant to purchase approximately 0.058 shares of common stock with an exercise price of $13.00 per share (the “Series B Warrants”), at an offering price of $1.00 per Unit. All of the Series A Warrants were exercised prior to the expiration date of October 31, 2017. The exercise price of the Series B Warrants were subsequently adjusted as a result of the Company’s reverse stock split at a ratio of one for thirteen shares effective December 11, 2019 and certain contractual price adjustment provisions (see Note 9). Each Series B Warrant may be exercised at any time beginning on the date of issuance and from time to time thereafter through and including the fifth anniversary of the issuance date. The Series B Warrants are classified as liabilities due to net cash settlement features.

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The change in fair value of all outstanding Series B Warrants for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was an increase of $0.1 million and a decrease of $2.5 million, respectively, and is included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The change in fair value of all outstanding Series B Warrants for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was an increase of $0.3 million and a decrease of $2.4 million, respectively, and is included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company uses a monte carlo simulation model for estimating the fair value of the Series B Warrants. The significant unobservable inputs used in the monte carlo model include estimates of the risk-free interest rate, volatility of the Company’s common stock, and the probability of a 2020 financing.

The following table summarizes the change in fair value, as determined by Level 3 inputs for the warrants and the contingent consideration for the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
	Common stock warrants			Contingent consideration
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,388		$	1,084
Exchange of warrants		(2,470	)		-
Change in fair value		269			1,268
Payment of contingent consideration		-			(74	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	187		$	2,278

Current portion	$	-		$	-
Long-term portion		187			2,278
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	187		$	2,278

5.	Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Finished Goods	$	10,159	$	9,737
Raw Materials		7,032		8,510
Total Inventories	$	17,191	$	18,247

Current portion	$	10,857	$	10,653
Long-term portion		6,334		7,594
Total inventories	$	17,191	$	18,247

The Company recorded a write-down of obsolete inventory for the year-ended December 31, 2019 totaling $7.4 million as part of a restructuring plan and a $1.5 million charge for inventory obsolescence related to certain System components. There were no such write-downs or charges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020. A $0.8 million write-down for inventory obsolescence related to certain systems components was recorded in the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.

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6.	In-Process Research and Development and Intellectual Property

In-Process Research and Development

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company concluded that the fair value determined by the market value approach was lower than the carrying value. As a result, the Company recognized a $7.9 million impairment charge to its IPR&D asset. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment at December 31, 2019 and no additional impairment was required.

On March 13, 2020, upon receipt of regulatory clearance to commercialize the products associated with the IPR&D assets in the United States, the assets were deemed definite-lived, transferred to developed technology and are amortized based on their estimated useful lives.

The carrying value of the Company’s IPR&D assets and the change in the balance for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is as follows:

	In-Process Research and Development
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,470
Foreign currency translation impact		(45	)
Transfer to developed technology		(2,425	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	-

Intellectual Property

The components of gross intellectual property, accumulated amortization, and net intellectual property as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020
	(in thousands)
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation Impact			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology	$	68,838	$	(42,207	)	$	(1,117	)	$	25,514
Technology and patents purchased		400		(133	)		21			288
Total intellectual property	$	69,238	$	(42,340	)	$	(1,096	)	$	25,802

	December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation Impact			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology	$	66,413	$	(36,918	)	$	(1,208	)	$	28,287
Technology and patents purchased		400		(112	)		21			309
Total intellectual property	$	66,813	$	(37,030	)	$	(1,187	)	$	28,596

The weighted average remaining useful life of the developed technology and technology and patents purchased was 2.7 years and 6.8 years, respectively as of June 30, 2020.

7.	Income Taxes

Income taxes have been accounted for using the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. The Company computes its interim provision for income taxes by applying the estimated annual effective tax rate method. The Company estimates an annual effective tax rate of 2.3% for the year ending December 31, 2020. This rate does not include the impact of any discrete items. The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 4.8% and 4.1%, respectively. The Company’s effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was 4.4% and 3.4%, respectively.

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The Company incurred losses for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 and is forecasting additional losses through the year, resulting in an estimated net loss for both financial statement and tax purposes for the year ending December 31, 2020. Due to the Company’s history of losses, there is not sufficient evidence to record a net deferred tax asset associated with the U.S., Europe and Asian operations. Accordingly, a full valuation allowance has been recorded related to the net deferred tax assets in those jurisdictions, including Italy. The Company does not expect a GILTI inclusion for 2019 or 2020; no GILTI tax has been recorded for the three- and six-month periods ending June 30, 2020 or 2019.

The deferred tax benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, was approximately $0.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The deferred tax benefit during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, was approximately $1.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The Israeli jurisdiction was profitable through June 30, 2020 and is projected to be profitable for the year ending December 31, 2020. Consequently, the current tax expense during the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, was approximately $0.01 million and $0.02 million, respectively, and the current tax expense during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 was $0.03 million and $0.03 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the Company’s effective tax rate.

8.	Notes Payable

Paycheck Protection Program

The CARES Act was passed in the United States and signed into law on March 7, 2020 and was amended on June 5, 2020 through the enactment of the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act. On April 27, 2020, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, received funding under a promissory note dated April 18, 2020 (the “Promissory Note”), evidencing an unsecured non-recourse loan in the principal amount of $2,815,200 under the PPP provisions of the CARES Act. The PPP is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). The Promissory Note was made through City National Bank of Florida, a national banking association (the “Lender”). The Company elected to account for the PPP loan as debt and included the principal amount within notes payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Promissory Note has a two-year term, maturing on April 27, 2022, and bears interest at 1.00% per annum. If the Promissory Note is not forgiven, payments can be deferred until 10 months after the date that is 24 weeks after the Promissory Note was originated or December 31, 2020 (the “covered period”). The Promissory Note contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, and breach of representations and warranties, or other provisions of the Promissory Note. The Promissory Note may be forgiven partially or fully if the proceeds are used for covered payroll, rent and utility costs incurred during the twenty-four week period that commenced on the date of funding and if at least 60% of the proceeds are used for covered payroll costs. All or a portion of the Promissory Note may be forgiven by the SBA upon application by the Company and documentation of expenditures in accordance with the SBA requirements. The Company intends to use the proceeds for such covered purposes. While the Company believes, because the period of use of the funds was extended from the original eight weeks to 24 weeks, that it will be more likely to use the funds for covered purposes, it can provide no assurance that it will obtain forgiveness in whole.

Any forgiveness of the Promissory Note will be subject to approval by the SBA and the Lender. The Company recognizes that its restructuring activities unrelated to COVID-19 led to a decrease in the number of employees and, the Company may not be able to comply with the available safe harbor and savings provisions of the CARES Act, therefore, not all of the Promissory Note may be eligible for forgiveness.

Hercules Loan Agreement

On May 23, 2018, the Company and its domestic subsidiaries, as co-borrowers, entered into a Loan and Security Agreement (the “Hercules Loan Agreement”) with several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party to the Loan Agreement (collectively, the “Lender”) and Hercules Capital, Inc., as administrative agent and collateral agent (the “Agent”). The Hercules Loan Agreement was modified on two separate occasions in 2019.

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The term loans bore interest at a rate equal to the greater of (i) 10.05% per annum (the “Fixed Rate”) and (ii) the Fixed Rate plus the prime rate (as reported in The Wall Street Journal) minus 5.00%. On the Initial Funding Date, the Company was obligated to pay a facility fee of $0.4 million, recorded as a debt discount. The Company also incurred other debt issuance costs totaling $1.1 million in conjunction with its entry into the Hercules Loan Agreement. In addition, the Company was permitted to prepay the term loans in full at any time, with a prepayment fee of 3.0% of the outstanding principal amount of the loan in the first year after the Initial Funding Date, 2.0% if the prepayment occurred in the second year after the Initial Funding Date and 1.0% thereafter. Upon prepayment of the term loans in full or repayment of the terms loans at the maturity date or upon acceleration, the Company was required to pay a final fee of 6.95% of the aggregate principal amount of term loans funded. The final payment fee was accreted to interest expense over the life of the term loan and included within notes payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s obligations under the Hercules Loan Agreement were guaranteed by all current and future material foreign subsidiaries of the Company and were secured by a security interest in all of the assets of the Company and their current and future domestic subsidiaries and all of the assets of their current and future material foreign subsidiaries, including a security interest in the intellectual property. The Hercules Loan Agreement contained customary representations and covenants that, subject to exceptions, restricted the Company’s and its subsidiaries’ ability to do the following, among other things: declare dividends or redeem or repurchase equity interests; incur additional indebtedness and liens; make loans and investments; engage in mergers, acquisitions, and asset sales; transact with affiliates; undergo a change in control; add or change business locations; and engage in businesses that were not related to its existing business. Under the terms of the Hercules Loan Agreement, the Company was required to maintain cash and/or investment property in accounts which perfected the Agent’s first priority security interest in such accounts in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) (x) 120% of the then-outstanding principal balance of the term loans, including accrued interest and any other fees payable under the agreement to the extent accrued and payable plus (y) an amount equal to the then-outstanding accounts payable of the Company on a consolidated basis that were more than 90 days past due and (ii) 80% of the aggregate cash of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries. The Agent was granted the option to invest up to $2.0 million in any future equity offering broadly marketed by the Company to investors on the same terms as the offering to other investors.

On November 4, 2019, the Company entered into a payoff letter with the Agent pursuant to which the Company terminated the Hercules Loan Agreement, as amended. The Company determined it was in the best interests of the Company to pay down the debt and terminate the Hercules Agreement to simplify the Company's balance sheet and provide additional flexibility as the Board of Directors continues to explore strategic and financial alternatives for the Company. Under the payoff letter, the Company repaid all amounts owed under the Hercules Loan Agreement totaling approximately $16.4 million, which included end of term fees of $1.4 million, and Hercules released all security interests held on the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, including, without limitation, on the intellectual property assets of the Company. The Company recognized a loss of $1.0 million on the extinguishment of notes payable, which is included in interest expense on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2019.

9.	Warrants

The exercise prices and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of each of the outstanding Series B Warrants are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including, but not limited to, stock splits or dividends, business combinations, sale of assets, similar recapitalization transactions, or other similar transactions. The Series B warrants contain provisions, often referred to as “down-round protection,” that leads to adjustment of the exercise price and number of underlying warrant shares if the Company issues securities, including its common stock or convertible securities or debt securities, in the future at sale prices below the then-current exercise price. The Series B Warrants are liability classified.

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On February 24, 2020, the Company entered into a Series B Warrants Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with holders of its Series B Warrants. Under the terms of the Exchange Agreement, each Series B Warrant was canceled in exchange for 0.61 shares of common stock. The Warrant holders participating in the exchange held 3,373,900 of the 3,638,780 Series B Warrants then outstanding and received an aggregate of 2,040,757 shares of common stock. As a result, the warrant liability decreased by $2.5 million and the additional paid in capital increased by the same amount.

As a result of the exercise price adjustment feature the exercise price of all outstanding Series B Warrants has been adjusted to $0.37 per share and the number of shares of common stock reserved for and issuable upon the exercise of outstanding Series B Warrants has been adjusted to 530,381 as of June 30, 2020.

On March 10, 2020, the Company closed an underwritten public offering under which it issued, as part of units and the exercise of an over-allotment option, 25,367,646 Series C Warrants, each to acquire one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.68 per share, and 25,367,646 Series D Warrants, each to acquire one share of common stock at an exercise price of $0.68 per share. See Note 10 for a description of the public offering.

The Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants are equity classified. The fair value of the Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants on the issuance date was determined using a Black-Scholes Merton model. The unit proceeds were then allocated to the Common Stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series C Warrants, and Series D Warrants, respectively, based on their relative fair values. As a result, the Company determined that a beneficial conversion feature was created by the difference between the effective conversion price of the preferred stock and the fair value of the Company's Common Stock as of the issuance date. The Company therefore recorded a beneficial conversion feature of $0.4 million as a deemed dividend included in additional paid-in capital and an immediate charge to earnings available to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

The following table summarizes outstanding warrant, including the Series B Warrants, the Series C Warrants, and the Series D Warrants as of June 30, 2020:

Range of Exercise Prices				Number of Warrants Outstanding		Range of Expiration Dates
		$0.37			530,381	May 2022
		$0.68			45,823,528	March 2021 - March 2025
	$13.00	-	$52.20		107,721	September 2021 - September 2027
					46,461,630

10.

Equity Offerings

On August 12, 2019, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “2019 Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”) pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, at its option, up to an aggregate of $25.0 million, shares of the Company’s common stock, through Cantor, as sales agent (the “2019 ATM Offering”). Pursuant to the Sales Agreement, sales of the common stock were made under the Company’s previously filed Registration Statement on Form S-3, which registration statement expired in May 2020. The aggregate compensation payable to Cantor was 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of the Company’s common stock.

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The following table summarizes the total sales under the ATM Offering for the period indicated (in thousands except for share and per share amounts):

	ATM Offering

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Total shares of common stock sold		6,687,846

Average price per share	$	1.73

Gross proceeds	$	11,558
Commissions earned by Cantor		346
Net proceeds	$	11,212

Public Offerings of Securities

On March 10, 2020, the Company closed the March 2020 Public Offering with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. as underwriter and sold an aggregate of 14,121,766 Class A Units at a public offering price of $0.68 per Class A Unit and 7,937,057 Class B Units at a public offering price of $0.68 per Class B Unit. Each Class A Unit consists of one share of the Company’s common stock, one warrant to purchase one share of common stock that expires on the first anniversary of the date of issuance (collectively, the “Series C Warrants”), and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock that expires on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance (collectively, the “Series D Warrants”). Each Class B Unit consists of one share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), convertible into one share of common stock, a Series C Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and a Series D Warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The Class A Units and Class B Units have no stand-alone rights and were not certificated or issued as stand-alone securities. The shares of common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants are immediately separable. In addition, the underwriter for the public offering exercised an overallotment option and purchased 3,308,823 Series C Warrants and 3,308,823 Series D Warrants.

The shares of Series A Preferred Stock rank on par with the shares of the common stock, in each case, as to dividend rights and distributions of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. With certain statutory exceptions, as described in the Series A Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation, the shares of Series A Preferred Stock have no voting rights. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock is convertible at any time at the holder’s option into one share of common stock, which conversion ratio will be subject to adjustment for stock splits, stock dividends, distributions, subdivisions and combinations and other similar transactions as specified in the Series A Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation.

The net proceeds to the Company from the March 2020 Public Offering were approximately $13.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. All shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 7.9 million shares of common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Approximately 4.9 million Series C Warrants were exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2020, generating net proceeds of $3.3 million. The Class A Units, the Class B Units, the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series C Warrants and the Series D Warrants (together with the shares of common stock underlying the shares of Series A Preferred Stock and such warrants) were offered under the Company’s previously filed Registration Statement on Form S-3, which registration statement expired in May 2020. The Company filed a new registration statement on Form S-1 covering the exercise of the outstanding Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants, which was declared effective by the SEC on May 27, 2020.

On July 6, 2020, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 42,857,142 shares of its common stock, including the underwriter’s full exercise of an over-allotment option, at the public offering price per share of $0.35 per share, generating net proceeds of approximately $13.7 million (see Note 14).

11.

Restructuring

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company announced the implementation of a restructuring plan to reduce operating expenses as the Company continues the global market development of the Senhance platform. Under the restructuring plan, the Company reduced headcount primarily in the sales and marketing functions and determined that the carrying value of its inventory exceeded the net realizable value due to a decrease in expected sales. The restructuring charges amounted to $8.8 million, of which $7.4 million was an inventory write down and was included in cost of product revenue and $1.4 million related to employee severance costs and was included as restructuring and other charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, for the year ended December 31, 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company continued the restructuring efforts with additional headcount reductions which resulted in $0.9 million related to severance costs. These 2020 severance costs are primarily expected to be paid in 2020.

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Future payments under the restructuring plan are expected to conclude in 2020 and total $1.0 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the activity related to the Company's restructuring liability, which is included in accrued expenses in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, was as follows:

	Restructuring Liability
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	882
Amount charged to operating expenses		858
Cash payments		(752	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	988

12.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per common share is computed giving effect to all dilutive potential common shares that were outstanding during the period. Diluted potential common shares consist of incremental shares issuable upon exercise of stock options, restricted stock units, warrants and preferred stock.

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the effects of the Series A Preferred Stock beneficial conversion charge and conversion are included in the calculation of net loss attributable to common stockholders. For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2020 diluted net loss per common share was calculated similarly to basic net loss per common share since all potential dilutive securities were anti-dilutive.

For the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, the effect of outstanding warrants is reflected in diluted net loss per common share by applying the treasury stock method, resulting in 0.1 million and 0.1 million, respectively, of incremental shares being included in the weighted average number of commons shares used in the diluted net loss per common share calculation. Additionally, the gain on the fair value of warrant liabilities of $2.5 million and $2.4 million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2019, respectively, increased the net loss attributable to common stockholders in calculating diluted net loss per common share.

As of June 30, 2020, there were 4,278,967 outstanding options, 46,461,630 outstanding warrants, and 3,036,176 unvested restricted stock units that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share as the effect of including these instruments would have been anti-dilutive. As of June 30, 2019, there were 1,991,111 outstanding options, 107,719 outstanding warrants, and 476,263 unvested restricted stock units that were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per common share as the effect of including these instruments would have been anti-dilutive.

13.

Commitments and Contingencies

Contingent Consideration

As discussed in Note 3, in September 2015, the Company completed the Senhance Acquisition using a combination of cash, stock and potential post-acquisition milestone payments. These milestone payments may be payable in the future, depending on the achievement of certain commercial milestones. On December 30, 2016, the Company entered into an Amendment to restructure the terms of the Second Tranche of the Cash Consideration. Under the Amendment, the Second Tranche was restructured to reduce the contingent cash consideration by €5.0 million in exchange for the issuance of 286,360 shares of the Company’s common stock with an aggregate fair market value of €5.0 million. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the fair value of the contingent consideration was $2.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

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Legal Proceedings

No liability or related charge was recorded to earnings in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for legal contingencies for the six and three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

14.

Subsequent Events

On July 6, 2020, the Company completed an underwritten public offering with Ladenburg as underwriter and sold an aggregate of 42,857,142 shares of its common stock, including the underwriter’s full exercise of an over-allotment option, at the public offering price per of $0.35 per share, generating net proceeds of approximately $13.7 million after deducting underwriter discounts, commissions and expenses (the “July 2020 Public Offering”). The offer and sale of shares of common stock in the July 2020 Public Offering were made under the Company’s previously filed and currently effective Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-236200).

Following the July 2020 Public Offering, the exercise price of the outstanding Series B Warrants was adjusted to $0.35 per share and the number of shares of common stock underlying such warrants increased to 567,660 shares.

In July 2020, a subsidiary of the Company, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc., entered into a lease agreement for new office, lab and warehouse space in Durham, North Carolina. The lease is expected to commence in the first quarter of 2021, has an initial lease term of 125 months following commencement, and includes tenant options to extend the lease term for up to two additional five-year periods. Monthly base rent payments begin five months after the commencement date and are subject to annual escalations. Total base rent payments over the initial 125-month term shall be approximately $5.0 million. A proportionate share of building operating costs and ad valorem property taxes are also due monthly. In conjunction with entering into the lease, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc. obtained a standby letter of credit issued by Silicon Valley Bank for approximately $0.5 million for the benefit of the landlord and has been required to increase restricted cash held with Silicon Valley Bank by $0.5 million. The Company has executed a guaranty for the payment and performance of obligations incurred under the lease. The Company’s current North Carolina lease was extended for three months and expires on March 31, 2021.

ITEM 2.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements. See cautionary note regarding “Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this report.

Overview

TransEnterix, Inc. is a medical device company that is digitizing the interface between the surgeon and the patient in laparoscopy to increase control and reduce surgical variability in today’s value-based healthcare environment. The Company is focused on the market development for and commercialization of the Senhance™ Surgical System, which digitizes laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery, or MIS. The Senhance System is the first and only digital, multi-port laparoscopic platform designed to maintain laparoscopic MIS standards while providing digital benefits such as haptic feedback, robotic precision, comfortable ergonomics, advanced instrumentation including 3 millimeter microlaparoscopic instruments, eye-sensing camera control and reusable standard instruments to help maintain per-procedure costs similar to traditional laparoscopy. The Senhance System is also the first machine-vision system in robotic surgery which is powered by the new intelligent Surgical Unit (ISU) that enables augmented intelligence in surgery.

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The Senhance System is commercially available in Europe, the United States, Japan and select other countries.

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The Senhance System has a CE Mark in Europe for adult and pediatric laparoscopic abdominal and pelvic surgery, as well as limited thoracic surgeries excluding cardiac and vascular surgery.

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In the United States, the Company has received 510(k) clearance from the FDA for use of the Senhance System in laparoscopic colorectal and gynecologic surgery in a total of 28 indicated procedures, including benign and oncologic procedures, laparoscopic inguinal hernia and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) surgery.

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In Japan, the Company has received regulatory approval and reimbursement for 98 laparoscopic procedures.

Over the past 24 months, we successfully obtained FDA clearance and CE Mark for our 3 millimeter diameter instruments, our Senhance ultrasonic system, our 3 millimeter and 5 millimeter hooks, and the Senhance articulating system. The 3 millimeter instruments enable the Senhance System to be used for microlaparoscopic surgeries, allowing for tiny incisions. The ultrasonic system is an advanced energy device used to deliver controlled energy to ligate and divide tissue, while minimizing thermal injury to surrounding structures. The Senhance articulating system was launched in Europe in November 2019 and we are evaluating our pathway forward to launch such a system in the United States with a planned submission for US clearance at the end of 2020, although the Company estimates that this timing may shift to the first quarter of 2021 due to delays related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In January 2020, we submitted an application to the FDA seeking clearance of the first machine vision system for robotic surgery (Intelligent Surgical Unit). The Company believes it is the first such FDA submission seeking clearance for machine vision technology in abdominal robotic surgery. On March 13, 2020, the Company announced that it had received FDA clearance for the Intelligent Surgical Unit.

In February 2020, we received CE Mark for the Senhance System and related instruments for pediatric use indications in CE Mark territories. We continue to make additional submissions for clearance or approval for enhancements to the Senhance System and related instruments and accessories, including additional filings and approvals sought in Japan.

The Company is implementing its strategy to place Senhance Systems with customers pursuant to leasing arrangements and to work with its customers to increase utilization. As of July 31, 2020, the Company has installed six Senhance Systems, including one in July 2020, and has two systems pending installation.

From our inception, we devoted a substantial percentage of our resources to research and development and start-up activities, consisting primarily of product design and development, clinical studies, manufacturing, recruiting qualified personnel and raising capital. We expect to continue to invest in research and development and market development as we implement our strategy. Since inception, we have been unprofitable. As of June 30, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $694.0 million.

Due to a decline in market conditions and changes in our forecast, the Company tested its goodwill and in-process research & development ("IPR&D") for potential impairment as of September 30, 2019. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company determined that the carrying value of both its goodwill and IPR&D were impaired, and recorded impairment charges of $79.0 million and $7.9 million, respectively. We operate in one business segment.

On December 11, 2019, following receipt of approval from stockholders at a special meeting of stockholders held on the same day, the Company filed an amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of one-for-thirteen, or the Reverse Stock Split. The Company’s common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on NYSE American on the morning of December 12, 2019. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, the Company rounded up each fractional share resulting from the reverse stock split to the nearest whole share. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the Company’s outstanding common stock decreased from approximately 261.9 million shares to approximately 20.2 million shares (without giving effect to the rounding up for each fractional share). Unless otherwise noted, all share and per share data referenced in this Quarterly Report have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. Certain amounts in the financial statements, the notes thereto, and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, may be slightly different than previously reported due to rounding of fractional shares as a result of the Reverse Stock Split.

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Risks and Uncertainties

We are subject to risks similar to other similarly sized companies in the medical device industry. These risks include, without limitation: potential negative impacts on our operations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic; our ability to continue as a going concern; the historical lack of profitability; our ability to raise additional capital; the liquidity and capital resources of our partners; our ability to successfully develop, clinically test and commercialize our products; the timing and outcome of the regulatory review process for our products; changes in the health care and regulatory environments of the United States, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan, Taiwan and other countries in which we operate or intend to operate; our ability to attract and retain key management, marketing and scientific personnel; our ability to successfully prepare, file, prosecute, maintain, defend and enforce patent claims and other intellectual property rights; our ability to successfully transition from a research and development company to a marketing, sales and distribution concern; competition in the market for robotic surgical devices; and our ability to identify and pursue development of additional products.

Despite the number of advances and regulatory clearances received in 2018 and 2019, the Company’s Senhance System sales in 2019 were disappointing. Adoption of new technologies, particularly for capital intensive devices such as the Senhance System can be slow and uneven as market development and commercial development is time-consuming and expensive. The Company has determined to refocus its resources and efforts in 2020 on market development activities to increase awareness of:

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the benefits of the use of the Senhance System in laparoscopic surgery;

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the digitization of high volume procedures using the Senhance System;

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the indications for use, including pediatric indications of use in CE Mark territories;

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the overall cost efficiency of the Senhance System

We intend to focus on markets with high utilization of laparoscopic technique, including Japan, Western Europe and the United States. Our focus will be on (1) increasing the number of placements of the Senhance System, not necessarily through sales, but through leasing arrangements, (2) increasing the number of procedures conducted using the Senhance System quarter over quarter, and (3) solidifying key opinion leader support and publications related to the use of the Senhance System in laparoscopic procedures. During this period we will not focus on revenue targets, especially in the United States.

Since we have implemented our new focus on market development, even with the impact of COVID-19 on our business, we have placed an additional six Senhance Systems in 2020, including the most recently announced placement in June 2020. We are seeing the slow return of elective surgeries in all of the jurisdictions where we offer the Senhance System and believe we may be able to continue to pursue our goal of increasing the number of procedures conducted using the Senhance System.

During the fourth quarter of 2019, we announced the implementation of a restructuring plan to reduce operating expenses as we continue the global market development of the Senhance platform. Under the restructuring plan, we reduced headcount primarily in the sales and marketing functions and determined that the carrying value of our inventory exceeded the net realizable value due to a decrease in expected sales. The restructuring charges amounted to $8.8 million, of which $7.4 million was an inventory write down and was included in cost of product revenue and $1.4 million related to employee severance costs and was included as restructuring and other charges in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, during the fourth quarter of 2019. During 2020, we continued our restructuring with additional headcount reductions which resulted in $0.9 million related to severance costs which are expected to be paid in 2020.

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With respect to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has taken steps, and will continue to take further actions, in its approach to minimizing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business. In March 2020, to ensure the health and well-being of its employees, the Company implemented work from home at all its facilities, which restrictions were lifted in part in June 2020. The Company has also implemented cost containment strategies across all areas of the organization, including continued curtailment of Company travel, canceling of trade shows for 2020 and temporary salary reductions for its senior management and certain groups of its field-based employees. The Senhance Systems are manufactured at a contract manufacturing facility in Milan. Due to the quarantine in Northern Italy, the assembly of new units was disrupted, but has returned to normal operating levels. A variety of travel restrictions have caused a delay in our product installation and training activities. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company has seen elective surgical procedures recommence in the United States, Europe and Japan, but not, to date, to the levels seen before the COVID-19 pandemic. This has significantly impacted our ability to implement our market development activities to place our Senhance Systems, provide training, and increase the use of the Senhance Systems in place. Given the dynamic nature of this health emergency, the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company’s ongoing business, results of operations and overall financial performance cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act was passed in the United States and signed into law on March 7, 2020, and was subsequently amended on June 5, 2020 through the enactment of the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act (as amended, the “CARES Act”). On April 27, 2020, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, received funding under a promissory note dated April 18, 2020 (the “Promissory Note”) evidencing an unsecured non-recourse loan in the principal amount of $2,815,200 under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) provisions of the CARES Act. The PPP is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (the “SBA”). The Promissory Note was made through City National Bank of Florida, a national banking association (the “Lender”).

The Promissory Note has a two-year term, maturing on April 27, 2022, and bears interest at 1.00% per annum. If the Promissory Note is not forgiven, payments can be deferred until 10 months after the date that is 24 weeks after the Promissory Note was originated or December 31, 2020 (the “covered period”). The Promissory Note contains customary events of default relating to, among other things, payment defaults, and breach of representations and warranties, or other provisions of the Promissory Note. The Promissory Note may be forgiven partially or fully if the proceeds are used for covered payroll costs, rent and utility costs incurred during the twenty-four week period that commenced on the date of funding, and at least 60% of the proceeds are used for covered payroll costs. All or a portion of the Promissory Note may be forgiven by the SBA upon application by the Company and upon documentation of expenditures in accordance with the SBA requirements. The Company intends to use the proceeds for such covered purposes and believes, because the period of use of the funds was extended from the original eight weeks to 24 weeks, that it will be more likely to use the funds for covered purposes. However, it can provide no assurance that it will obtain forgiveness in whole.

Any forgiveness of the Promissory Note will be subject to approval by the SBA and the Lender. We recognize that our restructuring activities unrelated to COVID-19 led to a decrease in the number of employees and that the Company may not be able to comply with the available safe harbor and savings provisions of the CARES Act, and, therefore, not all of the Promissory Note may be eligible for forgiveness.

We continue to review the CARES Act, as amended, and other applicable government-related legislation aimed at assisting businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the dynamic nature of this health emergency, the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our ongoing business, results of operations and overall financial performance cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

Recent Financing Transactions

See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for a description of the Company’s financing activities in 2019 and 2020.

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Series B Warrants Exchange

On December 15, 2017, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-222103) to register shares of common stock underlying outstanding Series B Warrants previously issued as part of the Company’s May 3, 2017 public offering. This registration statement replaced the registration statement on Form S-3 that expired on December 19, 2017 with respect to these securities. On January 26, 2018, we filed an Amendment No. 1 to such registration statement on Form S-3 to update the information in the registration statement, which was declared effective on January 29, 2018. The amended registration statement covers up to 736,914 shares of common stock underlying the then-outstanding Series B Warrants. On February 7, 2020, we filed a new registration statement on Form S-3 to register 2,500,000 additional shares of common stock to cover the “down-round protection” adjustments made to the Series B Warrant Shares pursuant to sale prices below the then-current exercise price. This new registration statement on Form S-3 was declared effective on February 13, 2020.

On February 24, 2020, the Company entered into a Series B Warrants Exchange Agreement, or the Exchange Agreement, with holders of Series B Warrants. Under the terms of the Exchange Agreement, each Series B Warrant was canceled in exchange for 0.61 of a share of common stock. The Warrant holders participating in the exchange held 3,373,900 of the 3,638,780 Series B Warrants then outstanding, and received an aggregate of 2,040,757 shares of common stock, leaving 264,880 Series B Warrants outstanding to acquire 530,381 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.3746 per share. As of July 6, 2020, Series B Warrants to acquire 567,660 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.35 per share were outstanding.

Notable Acquisitions and Asset Sale

Senhance Acquisition

On September 21, 2015, the Company announced that it had entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated September 18, 2015, or the Purchase Agreement, with Sofar S.p.A., or Sofar, as the Seller, Vulcanos S.r.l., as the acquired company, and TransEnterix International, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company as the Buyer. The closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase Agreement occurred on September 21, 2015. The Buyer acquired all of the membership interests of the acquired company from Sofar, and changed the name of the acquired company to TransEnterix Italia S.r.l. On the closing date, pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company completed the strategic acquisition from Sofar of all of the assets, employees and contracts related to the advanced robotic system for minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery now known as the Senhance System, or the Senhance Acquisition.

Under the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the consideration consisted of the issuance of 1,195,647 shares of the Company’s common stock, or the Sofar Consideration, and approximately $25.0 million U.S. Dollars and €27.5 million Euro in cash consideration, or the Cash Consideration. The Sofar Consideration was issued in full at closing of the acquisition; the Cash Consideration was or will be paid in four tranches, with U.S. $25.0 million paid at closing and the remaining Cash Consideration of €27.5 million to be paid in three additional tranches based on achievement of negotiated milestones.

As of June 30, 2020, the Company has paid all Cash Consideration due under the second and fourth tranches. The third tranche, consisting of €15.0 million, has not yet been paid and is subject to certain sales revenue milestones.

MST Acquisition

On October 31, 2018, the Company acquired the assets, intellectual property and highly experienced multidisciplinary personnel of MST Medical Surgical Technologies, Inc., or MST, an Israeli-based medical device company. Through this acquisition, the Company acquired MST’s AutoLap™ technology, one of the only image-guided robotic scope positioning systems with FDA clearance and CE Mark. The Company believes MST’s image analytics technology will accelerate and drive meaningful Senhance System developments, and allow it to expand the Senhance System to add augmented, intelligent vision capability.

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Sale of AutoLap Assets

On July 3, 2019 the Company entered into a System Sale Agreement with GBIL to sell certain assets related to the AutoLap technology. On October 15, 2019, the Company amended the prior AutoLap Sale Agreement with GBIL. Pursuant to the amended agreement the Company sold the AutoLap laparoscopic vision system, or AutoLap, and related assets to GBIL. The assets include inventory, spare parts, production equipment, testing equipment and certain intellectual property specifically related to the AutoLap. The purchase price was $17.0 million, all of which was received in 2019 in the form of $16 million in cash and a commitment by GBIL to pay $1.0 million to settle certain Company obligations in China. GBIL subsequently paid the obligation. Under the amended AutoLap Agreement, the Company entered into a cross-license agreement with GBIL to retain rights to use any AutoLap-related intellectual property sold to GBIL, and to non-exclusively license additional intellectual property to GBIL. The Company recorded a $16.0 million gain on the sale of the AutoLap assets during the year ended December 31, 2019, which represented the proceeds received in excess of the carrying value of the assets, less contract costs.

Results of Operations

Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

In the second quarter of 2020, our revenue consisted of System leasing, instruments, accessories and services for Systems sold in Europe, Asia and the U.S. in prior periods. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a decrease in demand for instruments, leases, accessories and services throughout the quarter ended June 30, 2020 as elective surgeries were canceled globally.

Product revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased to $0.3 million compared to $3.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The $3.0 million decrease was the result of no System sales during the three months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to one System sold during the three months ended June 30, 2019. Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2019 included $1.3 million from a prior year System sale that had deferred proceeds related to uncompleted performance obligations. The Company completed these performance obligations during the three months ended June 30, 2019. The revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2020 consisted primarily of leasing arrangement revenues as well as instrument and accessory sales for previously installed Senhance Systems.

Service revenue was $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of costs related to contract manufacturing, materials, and manufacturing overhead. We expense all inventory obsolescence provisions as cost of revenue. The manufacturing overhead costs include the cost of quality assurance, material procurement, inventory control, facilities, equipment depreciation and operations supervision and management. We expect overhead costs as a percentage of revenues to become less significant as our production volume increases. We expect cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars to the extent our revenues grow and as we continue to invest in our operational infrastructure to support anticipated growth.

Product cost for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased to $0.7 million as compared to $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. Changes year-over-year primarily include $1.2 million in lower product costs driven by lower System sales, $0.5 million in reduced personnel costs, $0.1 million in reduced travel costs, $0.2 million in reduced supplies costs, $0.1 million in reduced facilities costs, and $0.2 million in reduced other costs.

Service cost for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased to $0.7 million as compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. This $0.3 million decrease primarily relates to $0.1 million in reduced personnel costs, $0.1 million in reduced travel costs, and $0.1 million in reduced supplies costs. Cost of revenue exceeds revenue primarily due to part replacements under maintenance plans, which are expensed when incurred, along with salaries for the field service teams.

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Research and Development

Research and development, or R&D, expenses primarily consist of engineering, product development and regulatory expenses incurred in the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products and legal services associated with our efforts to obtain and maintain broad protection for the intellectual property related to our products. In future periods, we expect R&D expenses to increase moderately as we continue to invest in additional regulatory approvals as well as new products, instruments and accessories to be offered with the Senhance System. R&D expenses are expensed as incurred.

R&D expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 32% to $4.3 million as compared to $6.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The $2.0 million decrease primarily relates to decreased personnel related costs of $1.2 million, decreased technology fees of $0.2 million, decreased supplies expense of $0.3 million, decreased travel costs of $0.2 million, decreased facilities costs of $0.1 million, and decreased other costs of $0.1 million, offset by increased testing costs of $0.1 million. These decreases were primarily the result of the restructuring plan implemented in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses include costs for sales and marketing personnel, travel, demonstration product, market development, physician training, tradeshows, marketing clinical studies and consulting expenses. We expect sales and marketing expenses to remain lower compared to prior years as we refocus our resources and efforts on market development activities pursuant to our restructuring plan.

Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 62% to $2.9 million compared to $7.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The $5.0 million decrease was primarily related to decreased personnel costs of $2.6 million, decreased travel related costs of $1.2 million, decreased consulting costs of $0.8 million, decreased supplies expense of $0.1 million, decreased facilities costs of $0.1 million, decreased depreciation expense of $0.1 million and decreased other costs of $0.1 million. These decreases were primarily the result of the restructuring plan implemented in the fourth quarter of 2019 together with reductions in travel and cancellation of tradeshows beginning in the first quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist of personnel costs related to the executive, finance, legal and human resource functions, as well as professional service fees, legal fees, accounting fees, insurance costs, and general corporate expenses. As the Company has implemented a restructuring plan, we expect general and administrative costs to decrease in future periods.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 20% to $3.6 million compared to $4.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The $0.9 million decrease was primarily due to decreased personnel costs of $0.9 million, decreased supplies expense of $0.1 million, decreased travel costs of $0.1 million, and decreased other expenses of $0.2 million, offset by increased facilities costs of $0.3 million and increased consulting and outside services costs of $0.1 million.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 was $2.6 million.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

The change in fair value of contingent consideration in connection with the Senhance Acquisition was a $0.2 million increase for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to a $1.0 million increase for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The $0.8 million decrease was due to changes in the Company's long-range revenue forecast in response to the market development strategy introduced in the fourth quarter of 2019.

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Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

The change in fair value of Series B Warrants issued in April 2017 was an increase of $0.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to a decrease of $2.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the fair value of warrant liabilities at June 30, 2020 was primarily the result of an increase in the stock price at June 30, 2020 as compared to March 31, 2020. The decrease in the fair value of warrant liabilities at June 30, 2019 was primarily the result of a decrease in the stock price at June 30, 2019 as compared to March 31, 2019.

Interest Income

There was no material interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease of $0.2 million was due to less cash and no short-term investments on hand at June 30, 2020 earning less interest.

Interest Expense

There was no interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in interest expense relates to the payoff of the Hercules Capital debt in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit consists primarily of taxes related to the amortization of purchase accounting intangibles in connection with the Italian taxing jurisdiction for TransEnterix Italia as a result of the acquisition of the Senhance System. We recognized $0.7 million and $0.9 million of income tax benefit for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

In the six months ended June 30, 2020, our revenue consisted of System leasing, instruments, accessories and services for Systems sold in Europe, Asia and the U.S. in prior periods. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a decrease in demand for instruments, leases, accessories and services during the latter part of the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and throughout the quarter ended June 30, 2020 as elective surgeries were canceled globally.

Product revenue for the six months June 30, 2020 decreased to $0.6 million compared to $5.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The $4.6 million decrease was the result of no System sales during the six months ended June 30, 2020 as compared to two Systems sold during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2019 included $1.3 million from a prior year System sale that had deferred proceeds related to uncompleted performance obligations. The Company completed these performance obligations during the six months ended June 30, 2019. The revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 consisted primarily of leasing arrangement revenues as well as instrument and accessory sales for previously installed Senhance Systems.

Service revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2020 increased to $0.7 million compared to $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The $0.1 million increase was due to the year-over-year increase in the installed base of Senhance Systems.

Cost of Revenue

Product cost for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased to $1.6 million as compared to $4.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. Changes year-over-year include $0.8 million in reduced personnel costs, $1.0 million in reduced product costs driven by lower System sales, $0.3 million in reduced freight costs, $0.2 million in reduced facilities costs, $0.1 million in reduced travel costs, and $0.2 million in reduced supplies costs.

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Service cost for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased to $1.5 million as compared to $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. This $0.7 million decrease primarily relates to $0.4 million in reduced supplies costs, $0.2 million in reduced travel expenses for field service engineers driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, and $0.1 million in reduced other costs. Cost of revenue exceeds revenue primarily due to part replacements under maintenance plans, which are expensed when incurred, along with salaries for the field service teams.

Research and Development

R&D expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 32% to $8.2 million as compared to $12.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The $3.8 million decrease primarily relates to decreased personnel related costs of $1.6 million, decreased technology fees of $0.8 million, decreased consulting fees of $0.3 million, decreased supplies expense of $0.5 million, decreased travel costs of $0.4 million, decreased facilities costs of $0.2 million, and decreased other costs of $0.1 million, offset by increased depreciation expense of $0.1 million. These decreases were primarily the result of the restructuring plan implemented in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 54% to $7.2 million compared to $15.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The $8.3 million decrease was primarily related to decreased personnel costs of $4.1 million, decreased travel related costs of $2.0 million, decreased consulting costs of $1.4 million, decreased supplies expense of $0.3 million, decreased facilities costs of $0.2 million, decreased depreciation expense of $0.2 million, and decreased other costs of $0.1 million. These decreases were primarily the result of the restructuring plan implemented in the fourth quarter 2019 together with reductions in travel and cancellation of tradeshows beginning in the first quarter of 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2020 decreased 22% to $7.0 million compared to $9.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The $2.0 million decrease was primarily due to decreased personnel costs of $2.3 million, decreased supplies expense of $0.2 million, decreased travel costs of $0.1 million, and decreased other expenses of $0.1 million, offset by increased facilities costs of $0.4 million and increased consulting and outside services costs of $0.3 million.

Loss from Sale of SurgiBot Assets, Net

The loss from the sale of SurgiBot assets to GBIL of $0.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to additional outside service costs to transfer the assets.

Amortization of Intangible Assets

Amortization of intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and June 30, 2019 was $5.2 million.

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

The change in fair value of contingent consideration in connection with the Senhance Acquisition was a $1.3 million increase for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to a $2.0 million increase for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The $0.7 million decrease was due to changes in the Company's long-range revenue forecast in response to the market development strategy introduced in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Restructuring Charge

During the fourth quarter of 2019, we announced the implementation of a restructuring plan to reduce operating expenses as we continue the global market development of the Senhance platform. Under the restructuring plan, we reduced headcount primarily in the sales and marketing functions and determined that the carrying value of our inventory exceeded the net realizable value due to a decrease in expected sales. The restructuring charges amounted to $8.8 million, of which $7.4 million was an inventory write down and was included in cost of product revenue and $1.4 million related to employee severance costs and was included as restructuring and other charges in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, during the fourth quarter of 2019.

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During March 2020, we continued our restructuring with additional headcount reductions which resulted in $0.9 million related to severance costs which are expected to be paid in 2020.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

The change in fair value of Series B Warrants issued in April 2017 was an increase of $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to a decrease of $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in the fair value of warrant liabilities at June 30, 2020 was primarily the result of a decrease in the exercise price of the Series B warrants due to their “down-round protection” relative to the stock price at June 30, 2020. The decrease in the fair value of warrant liabilities at June 30, 2019 was primarily the result of a decrease in the stock price at June 30, 2019 as compared to December 31, 2018.

Interest Income

There was no material interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2020 compared to $0.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease of $0.5 million was due to less cash and no short-term investments on hand at June 30, 2020 earning less interest.

Interest Expense

There was no interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2020, compared to $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019. The decrease in interest expense relates to the payoff of the Hercules Capital debt in the fourth quarter of 2019.

Income Tax Benefit

Income tax benefit consists primarily of taxes related to the amortization of purchase accounting intangibles in connection with the Italian taxing jurisdiction for TransEnterix Italia as a result of the acquisition of the Senhance System. We recognized $1.4 million and $1.5 million of income tax benefit for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Going Concern

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared using U.S. GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplate the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $694.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and working capital of $24.3 million as of June 30, 2020. The Company has not established sufficient sales revenues to cover its operating costs and requires additional capital to proceed with its operating plan.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. In order to continue as a going concern, the Company will need, among other things, additional capital resources. Traditionally, the Company has raised additional capital through equity offerings, including raising net proceeds of $13.5 million in the March 2020 public offering and an additional net proceeds of $13.7 million in the July 2020 public offering. Additionally, in April 2020 the Company secured a non-recourse loan in the principal amount of $2.8 million under the PPP provisions of the CARES Act that may be forgiven under certain circumstances. Management's plan to obtain additional resources for the Company may include additional sales of equity, traditional financing, such as loans, entry into a strategic collaboration, entry into an out-licensing arrangement or provision of additional distribution rights in some or all of our markets. In addition, the Company may consider fundamental business combination transactions. If the Company is unable to obtain additional and adequate capital through one of these methods, or if expected capital from existing agreements is not received when due, or at all, it would need to reduce its sales and marketing and administrative expenses and delay research and development projects, including the purchase of equipment and supplies, until it is able to obtain sufficient funds. If such sufficient funds are not received on a timely basis, the Company would then need to pursue a plan to license or sell its assets, seek to be acquired by another entity, cease operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. However, management cannot provide any assurance that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any or all of its plans. The Company believes the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact its operations and ability to implement its market development efforts, which will have a negative effect on its financial condition.

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At June 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, of approximately $15.6 million. The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents from recent financings including from the July 2020 public offering, together with cash received from product and instrument sales and leases and cost cutting measures being implemented, will be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash needs into the second quarter of 2021. The ability of the Company to continue to secure needed financing until it becomes profitable raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern during the one year after the date that these financial statements are issued. The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these aforementioned uncertainties.

Sources of Liquidity

Our principal sources of cash to date have been proceeds from public offerings of common stock, incurrence of debt, the sale of equity securities held as investments and asset sales. We have financed our operations from these financing transactions, most notably the following in 2019 and 2020 to date:

At-the-Market Offerings

On August 12, 2019, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity Offering Sales Agreement (the “2019 Sales Agreement”) with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“Cantor”) pursuant to which the Company may sell from time to time, at its option, up to an aggregate of $25.0 million shares of the Company’s common stock, through Cantor, as sales agent (the “2019 ATM Offering”). Pursuant to the 2019 Sales Agreement, sales of the common stock were made under the Company’s previously filed Registration Statement on Form S-3, which registration statement expired in May 2020. The aggregate compensation payable to Cantor was 3.0% of the aggregate gross proceeds from each sale of the Company’s common stock. The Company raised gross proceeds of $7.2 million under the 2019 ATM Offering and net proceeds of $7.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, and an additional $11.6 million of gross proceeds and $11.2 million of net proceeds as of June 30, 2020.

On September 4, 2019, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the “2019 Underwriting Agreement”) with Cantor. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2019 Underwriting Agreement, the Company sold to Cantor, in a firm commitment underwritten offering, 2,153,846 shares of the Company’s common stock, or the Firm Commitment Offering. The Company raised $18.8 million in gross proceeds under this offering. The shares were offered and sold under the 2019 Underwriting Agreement pursuant to the Company’s previously filed Registration Statement on Form S-3.

2020 Public Offerings

On March 10, 2020, the Company closed an underwritten public offering (the "March 2020 Public Offering") with Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. (“Ladenburg”) as underwriter and sold an aggregate of 14,121,766 Class A Units at a public offering price of $0.68 per Class A Unit and 7,937,057 Class B Units at a public offering price of $0.68 per Class B Unit. Each Class A Unit consists of one share of the Company’s common stock, one warrant to purchase one share of common stock that expires on the first anniversary of the date of issuance (the "Series C Warrants"), and one warrant to purchase one share of common stock that expires on the fifth anniversary of the date of issuance (the "Series D Warrants"). Each Class B Unit consists of one share of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the "Series A Preferred Stock"), convertible into one share of common stock, a Series C Warrant to purchase one share of common stock and a Series D Warrant to purchase one share of common stock. The Class A Units and Class B Units have no stand-alone rights and were not certificated or issued as stand-alone securities. The shares of common stock, Series A Preferred Stock, Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants are immediately separable. In addition, the underwriter for the public offering exercised an overallotment option and purchased 3,308,823 additional Series C Warrants and 3,308,823 additional Series D Warrants at the closing.

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Each Series C Warrant included in the Class A Units has an exercise price of $0.68 per share, and each Series D Warrant included in the Class B Units has an exercise price of $0.68 per share. The Series C Warrants and the Series D Warrants are exercisable at any time on or after the date of issuance until their respective expiration dates.

The exercise prices and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of each of the Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of stock splits or dividends, business combinations, similar recapitalization transactions, or other similar transactions. The exercisability of the Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants may be limited if, upon exercise, the holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own more than 4.99% of the common stock. If, at any time Series C Warrants or Series D Warrants are outstanding, any fundamental transaction occurs, as described in the warrants and generally including any consolidation or merger into another corporation, the consummation of a transaction whereby another entity acquires more than 50% of the Company’s outstanding voting stock, or the sale of all or substantially all of its assets, the successor entity must assume in writing all of the obligations to the holders of the Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants. Additionally, in the event of a fundamental transaction that is within the Company's control, each holder of the Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants will have the right to require the Company, or its successor, to repurchase the Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants it holds for an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such Series C Warrants or Series D Warrants, as applicable.

All shares of Series A Preferred Stock were converted into 7.9 million shares of common stock during the six months ended June 30, 2020. Approximately 4.9 million Series C Warrants were exercised during the three months ended June 30, 2020, generating net proceeds of $3.3 million.

The net proceeds to the Company from the March 2020 Public Offering were approximately $13.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company. The Class A Units, the Class B Units, the Series A Preferred Stock, the Series C Warrants and the Series D Warrants (together with the shares of common stock underlying the shares of Series A Preferred Stock and such warrants) were offered under the Company’s previously filed Registration Statement on Form S-3, which registration statement expired in May 2020. The Company filed a new registration statement on Form S-1 covering the exercise of the outstanding Series C Warrants and Series D Warrants, which was declared effective by the SEC on May 27, 2020.

On July 6, 2020, the Company completed an underwritten public offering with Ladenburg as underwriter and sold an aggregate of 42,857,142 shares of its common stock, including the underwriter’s full exercise of an over-allotment option, at the public offering price per of $0.35 per share, generating net proceeds of approximately $13.7 million after deducting underwriter discounts, commissions and expenses (the “July 2020 Public Offering”). The offer and sale of shares of common stock under the July 2020 Public Offering was made under the Company’s currently effective shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3.

Paycheck Protection Program

The Company received a $2.8 million PPP loan under the CARES Act in April 2020 and is currently using the loan proceeds during the 24-month covered period. The Company intends to apply for loan forgiveness as allowed under the CARES Act, but is not certain that the entire loan will be subject to forgiveness. Any unforgiven portion will be repaid over two years at 1.0% interest rate. For more information regarding our PPP loan, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Results of Operations – Risk and Uncertainties” above.

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Shelf Registration Statements

We currently have an effective shelf Registration Statement on file with the SEC. The shelf Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on February 10, 2020 and registers up to $150.0 million of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, or warrants, or any combination thereof for future financing transactions. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, the Company has approximately $135 million available for future financings under the shelf Registration Statement.

Consolidated Cash Flow Data

	Six months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2020			2019
Net cash provided by (used in)
Operating activities	$	(25.1	)	$	(39.5	)
Investing activities		(0.0	)		41.9
Financing activities		30.8			0.0
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		0.0			(0.0	)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and resricted cash	$	5.7		$	2.4

Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, cash used in operating activities of $25.1 million consisted of a net loss of $30.4 million and cash used for working capital of $5.0 million, offset by non-cash items of $10.4 million. The non-cash items primarily consisted of $3.9 million of stock-based compensation expense, $5.2 million of amortization, $1.3 million change in fair value of contingent consideration, $0.3 million change in fair value of warrant liabilities, and $1.2 million of depreciation offset by a deferred tax benefit of $1.4 million. The decrease in cash from changes in working capital primarily relates to $2.3 million in increased inventory net of transfers to property, plant and equipment, a $0.3 million decrease in other long term liabilities, a $1.7 million decrease in accrued expenses, a $1.2 million decrease in accounts payable, and a $0.4 million increase in accounts receivable, offset by a $0.8 million decrease in other current and long-term assets.

Investing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash used in investing activities was $0.0 million.

Financing Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $30.8 million. The net change primarily related to $13.5 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock, preferred stock, and warrants under the March 2020 Public Offering, $11.2 million in proceeds from additional issuances of common stock, $3.3 million from the exercise of warrants, and $2.8 million from the receipt of funding under a Promissory Note under the PPP provisions of the CARES Act.

Operating Capital and Capital Expenditure Requirements

We intend to spend substantial amounts on market development and commercial activities, on research and development activities, including continued product development, regulatory and compliance, clinical studies in support of our future product offerings, and the enhancement and protection of our intellectual property. We will need to obtain additional financing to pursue our business strategy, to respond to new competitive pressures or to take advantage of opportunities that may arise. To meet our capital needs, we are considering multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, additional equity financings, debt financings, strategic collaborations, other funding transactions or a fundamental business combination transaction. There can be no assurance that we will be able to complete any such transaction on acceptable terms or otherwise. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital, we will need to pursue a plan to license or sell our assets, seek to be acquired by another entity, cease operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection.

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Cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries totaled $1.4 million as of June 30, 2020, including restricted cash. We do not intend or currently foresee a need to repatriate cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries. If these funds are needed in the United States, we believe that the potential U.S. tax impact to repatriate these funds would be immaterial.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of June 30, 2020, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations set forth above under the headings “Results of Operations” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto appearing in this Form 10-Q and in the Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our critical accounting policies and estimates, including identifiable intangible assets, contingent consideration, warrant liabilities, stock-based compensation, inventory, revenue recognition and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. A more detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies can be found in Note 2 in the Notes to the Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.

While all accounting policies impact the financial statements, certain policies may be viewed as critical. Critical accounting policies are those that are both most important to the portrayal of financial condition and results of operations and that require management’s most subjective or complex judgments and estimates.

Identifiable Intangible Assets

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets - Intellectual Property

Intellectual property consists of purchased patent rights and developed technology acquired as part of a business acquisition. Developed technology includes reclassified IPR&D assets related to (i) the Senhance System acquired in 2015 and reclassified in 2017 and (ii) MST acquired in 2018 and reclassified in 2020. We amortize patent rights using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the patents of 10 years. Amortization of the developed technology is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 5 to 7 years.

We periodically evaluate intellectual property for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. To determine the recoverability, we evaluate the probability that future estimated undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value. No impairment of intellectual property was identified during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets – In-Process Research and Development

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) assets represent the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired, which at the time of acquisition have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During the period that the IPR&D assets are considered indefinite-lived, they are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if we become aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the IPR&D assets are less than their carrying amounts. To determine the recoverability, we evaluate the probability that future estimated discounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value.

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We performed an impairment test of our IPR&D at the end of the third quarter 2019 as recent events and changes in market conditions indicated that the asset might be impaired. During the third quarter of 2019, we concluded that the fair value determined by the market value approach was lower than the carrying value and recognized a $7.9 million impairment charge to our IPR&D. We performed our annual impairment assessment at December 31, 2019 and no additional impairment was required.

We reclassify IPR&D assets to intellectual property when development is complete, which generally occurs upon regulatory approval and we are able to commercialize products. The completed IPR&D assets are then classified as definite-lived intangible assets (developed technology) and are amortized based on their estimated useful lives at that point in time. If development is terminated or abandoned, we may have a full or partial impairment charge related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of carrying value of the IPR&D assets over fair value.

Contingent Consideration

Contingent cash consideration arising from business combinations is recorded as a liability and is the estimate of the fair value of potential milestone payments related to those acquisitions. Contingent consideration is measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model using significant unobservable inputs including the probability of achieving each of the potential milestones, future Euro-to-USD exchange rates, and an estimated discount rate associated with the risks of the expected cash flows attributable to the various milestones. Significant increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success or changes in expected achievement of any of these milestones would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value of these milestones, respectively, and commensurate changes to the associated liability. The contingent consideration is revalued at each reporting period and changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Warrant Liabilities

Our Series B Warrants (see Note 9 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (the “Notes”)) are measured at fair value using a simulation model which takes into account, as of the valuation date, factors including the current exercise price, the expected life of the warrant, the current price of the underlying stock, its expected volatility, holding cost and the risk-free interest rate for the term of the warrant (see Note 4). The warrant liability is revalued at each reporting period and changes in fair value are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The selection of the appropriate valuation model and the inputs and assumptions that are required to determine the valuation requires significant judgment and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of the related liability and reported amounts of the change in fair value. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and changes in these estimates are recorded when known.

Stock-Based Compensation

We recognize as expense, the grant-date fair value of stock options and other stock-based compensation issued to employees and non-employee directors over the requisite service periods, which are typically the vesting periods. We use the Black-Scholes-Merton model to estimate the fair value of our stock-based payments. The volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model is based on the calculated historical volatility based on an analysis of reported data for a peer group of companies as well as the Company’s historical volatility. The expected term of options granted by us has been determined based upon the simplified method, because we do not have sufficient historical information regarding our options to derive the expected term. Under this approach, the expected term is the mid-point between the weighted average of vesting period and the contractual term. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury rates whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. We have not paid and do not anticipate paying cash dividends on our shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero. We estimate forfeitures based on our historical experience and adjust the estimated forfeiture rate based upon actual experience. The fair value of restricted stock units is determined by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Inventory

Inventory, which includes material, labor and overhead costs, is stated at the lower of cost, determined on a first-in, first-out basis, or net realizable value. We record reserves, when necessary, to reduce the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value. At the point of loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.

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Any inventory on hand at the measurement date in excess of the Company's current requirements based on anticipated levels of sales is classified as long-term on the Company's consolidated balance sheets. The Company's classification of long-term inventory requires us to estimate the portion of on hand inventory that can be realized over the upcoming twelve months.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue consists of product revenue resulting from the sale of Systems, System components, instruments and accessories, and service revenue. We account for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract between the Company and the customer, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of the contract consideration is probable. Our revenues are measured based on consideration specified in the contract with each customer, net of any sales incentives and taxes collected from customers that are remitted to government authorities. Our System sale arrangements generally include a five-year service period; the first year of service is generally free and included in the System sale arrangement and the remaining four years are generally included at a stated service price.

Our System sale arrangements generally contain multiple products and services. For these consolidated sale arrangements, we account for individual products and services as separate performance obligations if they are distinct, which is if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the consolidated package, and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. Our System sale arrangements may include a combination of the following performance obligations: System(s), System components, instruments, accessories, and System service.

For arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative estimated standalone selling price. When available, standalone selling prices are based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells the products or services; however, due to limited sales to date, standalone selling prices are not directly observable. We estimate the standalone selling price using the market assessment approach considering market conditions and entity-specific factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the products and services, geographies, type of customer, and market conditions. We regularly review estimated standalone selling prices and updates these estimates if necessary.

We enter into lease arrangements with certain qualified customers. Revenue related to arrangements including lease elements are allocated to lease and non-lease elements based on their relative standalone selling prices. Lease elements generally include a System, while non-lease elements generally include service, instruments, and accessories. For some lease arrangements, the customers are provided with the right to purchase the leased System at some point during or at the end of the lease term. In some arrangements lease payments are based on the usage of the System.

In determining whether a transaction should be classified as a sales-type or operating lease, we consider the following terms at lease commencement: (1) whether title of the System transfers automatically or for a nominal fee by the end of the lease term, (2) whether the present value of the minimum lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased System, (3) whether the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the leased System, (4) whether the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the leased System that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, and (5) whether the underlying System is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the Company at the end of the lease term. As of June 30, 2020, all such arrangements have been classified as operating leases.

We recognize revenues as the performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to a customer. We generally recognize revenue for the performance obligations as follows:

●

System sales. For Systems and System components sold directly to end customers, revenue is recognized when the Company transfers control to the customer, which is generally at the point when acceptance occurs that indicates customer acknowledgment of delivery or installation, depending on the terms of the arrangement. For Systems sold through distributors, for which distributors are responsible for installation, revenue is recognized generally at the time of shipment. The Company’s System arrangements generally do not provide a right of return. The Systems are generally covered by a one-year warranty. Warranty costs were not material for the periods presented.

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We invoice our customers based on the billing schedules in our sales arrangements. Contract assets for the periods presented primarily represent the difference between the revenue that was recognized based on the relative selling price of the related performance obligations and the contractual billing terms in the arrangements. Deferred revenue for the periods presented was primarily related to service obligations, for which the service fees are billed up-front, generally annually. The associated deferred revenue is generally recognized ratably over the service period.

In connection with assets recognized from the costs to obtain a contract with a customer, we have determined that sales incentive programs for our sales team do not meet the requirements to be capitalized as we do not expect to generate future economic benefits from the related revenue from the initial sales transaction.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities for the temporary differences between financial reporting and tax basis of our assets and liabilities, and for tax carryforwards at enacted statutory rates in effect for the years in which the asset or liability is expected to be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets and liabilities to the amounts expected to be realized.

U.S. shareholders are subject to tax on global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The FASB Staff Q&A, Topic 740, No. 5, Accounting for Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, states that an entity can make an accounting policy election to either recognize deferred taxes for temporary basis differences expected to reverse as GILTI in future years or to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense only. The Company has elected to account for GILTI in the year the tax is incurred.

In a referendum held on May 19, 2019, Swiss voters adopted the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AVS Financing (TRAF). TRAF introduces major changes in the Swiss tax system by abolishing certain current preferential tax regimes and replacing them with new measures that are in line with international standards. The referendum did not have a material impact on the Company’s 2019 or first quarter 2020 tax provision. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of these provisions in future periods as the enactment process in completed.

We recognize the financial statement benefit of an income tax position only after determining that the relevant taxing authority would more-likely-than-not sustain the position following audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant taxing authority. We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties in the provision for income taxes.

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Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require application of significant judgment. We are subject to U.S. federal and various state and local jurisdictions. Due to our net operating loss carryforwards, we may be subject to examination by authorities for all previously filed income tax returns.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, as amended on June 5, 2020 through the enactment of the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act, provides numerous tax provisions and stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, and technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property. The Company continues to evaluate the provisions of the CARES Act relating to income taxes which may result in adjustments to certain deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K, as well as the notes to the consolidated financial statements above in this Form 10-Q, for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements including the respective expected dates of adoption and effects on our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

ITEM 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information under this item.

ITEM 4.

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2020. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2020, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

As disclosed in Item 9A of the Company’s Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer had identified that a material weakness existed in our internal controls related to the Company’s income tax process. Specifically, we did not maintain effective controls over the documentation and review relating to the income tax accounting and disclosures for the significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities related to a foreign non-recurring transaction. Based on this finding, management implemented a remediation plan that addressed the control deficiency that led to the material weakness. The remediation plan included enhancing specific review procedures over the income tax provision and related disclosures, including strengthening the Company’s documentation standards, technical oversight and training. The remediation was completed as of June 30, 2020.

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Other than the remediation of the material weakness described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. We have not experienced any material impact to our internal controls over financial reporting despite the fact that most of our employees are working remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We are continually monitoring and assessing the COVID-19 situation on our internal controls to minimize the impact on their design and operating effectiveness.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1

Legal Proceedings

None.

Item 1A

Risk Factors.

Reference is made to the Risk Factors included in our Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K and in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 as supplemented by the following:

We have a history of operating losses, and we may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability. In addition, we may be unable to continue as a going concern.

We have a limited operating history. We are not profitable and have incurred losses since our inception. Management concluded that substantial doubt exists about our ability to continue as a going concern as a result of anticipated capital needs as well as past recurring losses and an accumulated deficit. Our independent registered public accounting firm also included an explanatory paragraph in its report on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 with respect to this uncertainty. Our accumulated deficit was $694.0 million as of June 30, 2020. At June 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, of approximately $15.6 million. The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents from recent financings including from the July 2020 public offering, together with cash received from product and instrument sales and leases and cost cutting measures being implemented, will be sufficient to meet its anticipated cash needs into the second quarter of 2021. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and these losses will likely increase as we continue to develop and commercialize our products. We will continue to incur research and development and general and administrative expenses related to our operations, and sales and marketing expenses to support our commercial activities, as restructured. Even if we are successful in reducing our expenses or achieving profitability in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. The ability of the Company to continue to secure needed financing until it becomes profitable raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern during the one year after the date that these financial statements are issued.

The ongoing and developing COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted, and will likely continue to negatively impact, our business, financial condition and results of operations, and the duration and extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our business, financial condition and results of operations remain uncertain.

We have facilities located in the United States, Israel, Japan, and Italy, all of which are subject to, or have been subject to, stay-at-home or shelter-in-place orders. During March through May 2020 most of our employees worked remotely. Travel restrictions and stay at home orders have negatively impacted our product installation and training procedures, which delays are expected to continue for the foreseeable future. While elective surgical procedures have restarted in many of the jurisdictions where we sell or place Senhance Systems, we do anticipate continued slowing in the growth of surgical robotics while the COVID-19 pandemic continues.

The global spread of COVID-19 and the various attempts to contain it have created significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. The full extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic and the various responses to it impacts our business, operations and financial results will depend on numerous evolving factors that we may not be able to accurately predict and which will vary by market, including: the duration and scope of the pandemic; governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic; the availability and cost to access the capital markets; the effect on our customers and customer demand for Senhance Systems and the ability to provide training services; and disruptions or restrictions on our employees’ ability to work and travel. In addition, any preventative or protective actions that governments implement or that we take in respect of COVID-19, such as travel restrictions, business shutdowns and closures, or stay-at-home orders, may interfere with the ability of our employees, vendors and contract manufacturers to perform their respective responsibilities and obligations relative to the conduct of our business. Such results could have a material adverse effect on our operations, business, financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Table of Contents

We believe the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to harm our operations and negatively impact our ability to implement our market development efforts, which will have a negative effect on our financial condition.

Our loan under the Paycheck Protection Program may not be forgiven in full.

On April 27, 2020, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc., our wholly owned subsidiary, received an unsecured non-recourse loan in the principal amount of $2,815,200 (the “PPP Loan”) under the PPP provisions of the CARES Act. The SBA administers the PPP loans and may partially or fully forgive the PPP Loan if the proceeds are used for covered payroll, rent and utility costs incurred during the twenty-four week period that commenced on the date of funding and if at least 60% of the proceeds are used for covered payroll costs. Although the Company currently believes it may be able to seek full PPP Loan forgiveness, we recognize that our restructuring activities unrelated to COVID-19 have led to a decrease in the number of employees, therefore, not all of the PPP Loan may be eligible for forgiveness.

Item 2

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3

Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4

Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5

Other Information.

None.

Table of Contents

Item 6.

EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.			Description


1.1			Form of Underwriting Agreement by and between the Registrant and Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc., as representative of the several underwriters named in Schedule I thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on July 1, 2020)

10.1			Promissory Note, dated April 18, 2020, by and between TransEnterix, Inc. and City National Bank, a national banking association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 28, 2020)

10.2 +			Non-Employee Director Compensation Program, effective July 1, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 6, 2020)

10.3 +			TransEnterix, Inc. Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan, dated June 8, 2020 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 8, 2020)

10.4 *+			Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units Award Agreement

31.1 *			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

31.2 *			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a).

32.1 *			Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.2 *			Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS *			Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101.SCH *			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL *			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF *			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101.LAB *			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE *			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104			The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)

___________________________________________________________

+	A management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement required to be separately identified.

*	Filed herewith.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		TransEnterix, Inc.

Date: August 5, 2020	By:	/s/ Anthony Fernando
	Anthony Fernando
	President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: August 5, 2020	By:	/s/ Brett Farabaugh

		Brett Farabaugh
		Interim Chief Financial Officer

ex_196543.htm

Exhibit 10.4

TRANSENTERIX, INC.
2020 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE-BASED
RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT

This 2020 ANNUAL PERFORMANCE-BASED RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) dated as of [ ] (the “Date of Grant”), is made by TransEnterix, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), to [ ] (the “Participant”).

RECITALS

The Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan of the Company (the “Plan”) provides for the issuance of equity awards to “Eligible Employees” of the Company, and the Participant is an Eligible Employee under the Plan. Defined terms used in this Agreement without definition have the meanings set forth in the Plan.

The Board of Directors has determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to grant the restricted stock unit award provided for herein to the Participant pursuant to the terms set forth herein as an incentive for the Participant to contribute to the Company’s future success and prosperity.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Award of the Restricted Stock Units.

(a) The Company hereby grants to the Participant [ ] restricted stock units (“Restricted Stock Units”), representing the right to receive an equal number of shares of common stock of the Company (the “Shares”), upon the lapse of forfeiture restrictions (“vesting”) of some or all of such Restricted Stock Units, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. [These Restricted Stock Units are subject to forfeiture if the stockholders do not approve the proposal to increase the number of Shares available under the Plan at the 2020 Annual Meeting.]

(b) The Restricted Stock Units are awarded to the Participant as a Deferred Stock Award under the Plan, and are subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Plan, including the discretion of the Committee under the Plan, subject to any specific provisions set forth in this Agreement. A copy of the Plan is attached to this Agreement and made a part hereof. Capitalized terms not defined in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth in the Plan.

(c) Upon vesting of the Restricted Stock Units, the Restricted Stock Units will be settled by a delivery of Shares. No dividend equivalents are authorized as part of the award of these Restricted Stock Units.

(d) Prior to vesting of the Restricted Stock Units pursuant to Sections 2 or 3 of this Agreement: (i) the Participant shall not be treated as a stockholder as to Shares issuable to the Participant with respect to such Restricted Stock Units, and shall only have a contractual right to receive such Shares following such vesting, unsecured by any assets of the Company or its Subsidiaries; (ii) the Participant shall not be permitted to vote the Restricted Stock Units or the Shares issuable with respect to such Restricted Stock Units; and (iii) the Participant’s right to receive such Shares following vesting of the Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to the adjustment provisions set forth in Section 10(c) of the Plan. The Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to all of the restrictions hereinafter set forth.

2. Vesting.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in Section 3 hereof, the Restricted Stock Units shall vest one-third on each of [ ] (each, a “Vesting Date”), subject to the Participant’s Continuous Service through such Vesting Date and subject to satisfaction of the Performance Vesting Factor. For purposes of this Agreement, “Performance Vesting Factor” means that, during the performance period beginning on [date of grant] and ending on the third anniversary of such grant date (the “Performance Period”), the Company’s common stock closing price must be equal to or exceed $1.00 for twenty consecutive trading days. If the Performance Vesting Factor is achieved prior to the first Vesting Date, then the Restricted Stock Units will vest in full and be earned on each Vesting Date. If the Performance Vesting Factor is not earned before any Vesting Date, the Restricted Stock Units that would vest on such Vesting Date shall be considered vested but not earned until the Performance Vesting Factor is met. Any vested but unearned Restricted Stock Units will fully vest and be earned on the next Vesting Date by which the Performance Vesting Factor is satisfied, or, if later, on the last day of the Performance Period; provided, that if the Participant has vested but unearned Restricted Stock Units and ceases providing Continuous Service during the Performance Period for any reason other than termination for Cause, but after the date the Performance Vesting Factor is satisfied, the vested but unearned Restricted Stock Units will fully vest and be earned and will be paid on the date of termination of service. If the Performance Vesting Factor is not satisfied by the end of the Performance Period, the Restricted Stock Units shall be forfeited and shall not vest. The Performance Vesting Factor shall be adjusted if the Company engages in any stock split, reverse stock split or other capitalization affecting all common stock during the Performance Period.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of the Plan or this Agreement to the contrary, until the restrictions set forth in this Section 2 have lapsed, the Restricted Stock Units may not be transferred, assigned or otherwise encumbered other than in accordance with the applicable provisions of Section 6 hereof.

3. Change in Control. The provisions of Article 9 of the Plan shall apply to the Restricted Stock Units under this Agreement.

4. Issuance of Certificates. Following the applicable vesting date with respect to the Restricted Stock Units, and subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan, the Company will issue a stock certificate for the Shares issuable with respect to such vested Restricted Stock Units. Such issuance shall take place as soon as practicable following the applicable vesting date (but in no event later than two and one-half months following the end of the calendar year in which the vesting date occurs). The certificates representing the Shares issued in respect of the Restricted Stock Units shall be subject to such stop transfer orders and other restrictions as the Committee may determine is required by the rules, regulations, and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which such Shares are listed, any applicable federal or state laws and the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws, and the Committee may cause a legend or legends to be put on any such certificates to make appropriate reference to such restrictions. If no such stop transfer orders or other restrictions are determined to be necessary, the Shares can be issued in book-entry form.

5. No Right to Continued Employment. Neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall confer on the Participant any right to be retained, in any position, as an employee, consultant or director of the Company.

6. Transferability.

(a) The Restricted Stock Units are not transferable and may not be sold, assigned, transferred, disposed of, pledged or otherwise encumbered by the Participant, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Upon such transfer (by will or the laws of descent and distribution), such transferee in interest shall take the rights granted herein subject to all the terms and conditions hereof.

(b) Subject to Section 6(a) hereof, in order to comply with any applicable securities laws, the Participant agrees that the Shares issued to the Participant with respect to vested Restricted Stock Units shall only be sold by the Participant following registration of such Shares under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or pursuant to an exemption therefrom.

7. Withholding. The Participant shall pay to the Company promptly upon request, and in any event at the time the Participant recognizes taxable income in respect of the Restricted Stock Units, an amount equal to the federal, state or local taxes the Company determines it is required to withhold with respect to the Restricted Stock Units. Such payment shall be made in the form of cash, Shares already owned for at least six months, having the Company withhold from the Shares which would otherwise be delivered to the Participant hereunder Shares with a Fair Market Value sufficient to satisfy the minimum withholding required with respect thereto to the extent permitted by the Company, or in a combination of such methods, as irrevocably elected by the Participant prior to the applicable tax due date with respect to such Restricted Stock Units. The net settlement of the Shares underlying the vested Restricted Stock Units and the delivery of Shares previously owned are hereby specifically authorized alternatives for the satisfaction of the foregoing withholding obligation.

8. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the conflicts of law provisions thereof.

9. Amendments. This Agreement may be amended or modified at any time by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto, except as otherwise provided in Section 12 of this Agreement regarding permitted unilateral action by the Committee or in Section 10(e) of the Plan related to amendments or alterations that do not adversely affect the rights of the Participant in this Award.

10. Administration. This Agreement shall at all times be interpreted in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Plan as if set forth herein. The Committee shall have sole and complete discretion under this Agreement with respect to all matters reserved to it by the Plan and decisions of the Committee with respect thereto and this Agreement shall be final and binding upon the Participant and the Company. In the event of any conflict between the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Plan, the provisions of this Agreement shall control. The Committee has the authority and discretion to determine any questions which arise in connection with the award of the Restricted Share Units hereunder.

11. Compliance with Code Section 409A. It is the intention of the Company and Participant that this Agreement not result in an unfavorable tax consequences to Participant under Code Section 409A. Accordingly, Participant consents to any amendment of this Agreement as the Company may reasonably make in furtherance of such intention, and the Company shall make available to the Participant a copy of such amendment. Any such amendments shall be made in a manner that preserves to the maximum extent possible the intended benefits to Participant. This paragraph does not create an obligation on the part of Company to modify this Agreement and does not guarantee that the amounts or benefits owed under the Agreement will not be subject to interest and penalties under Code Section 409A.

12. Imposition of Other Requirements. The Company reserves the right to impose other requirements on the Restricted Stock Units and on any Shares acquired under the Plan, to the extent the Company determines it is necessary or advisable in order to comply with local law or facilitate the administration of the Award, and to require the Participant to sign any additional agreements or undertakings that may be necessary to accomplish the foregoing. The Participant agrees, upon demand of the Company or the Committee, to do all acts and execute, deliver and perform all additional documents, instruments and agreements which may be reasonably required by the Company or the Committee, as the case may be, to implement the provisions and purposes of this Agreement.

13. Notices. Any notice, request, instruction or other document given under this Agreement shall be in writing and may be delivered by such method as may be permitted by the Company, and shall be addressed and delivered, in the case of the Company, to the Secretary of the Company at the principal office of the Company and, in the case of the Participant, to the Participant’s address as shown in the records of the Company or to such other address as may be designated in writing (or by such other method approved by the Company) by either party.

14. Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, and each other provision of the Agreement shall be severable and enforceable to the extent permitted by law.

[Signatures on the following page.]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and the Participant hereby execute this Agreement.

	TRANSENTERIX, INC.


	By:
	Name: Anthony Fernando
	Title: President and Chief Executive Officer
	Date:



	Accepted: PARTICIPANT



	By:
	Name:
	Date:

[Form Annual PRSU Award]

ex_196552.htm

EXHIBIT 31.1

SECTION 302

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Anthony Fernando, certify that:

(1) I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of TransEnterix, Inc.;

(2) Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

(3) Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

(4) The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and we have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

(5) The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

		August 5, 2020

	By:	/s/ Anthony Fernando
		Anthony Fernando, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

ex_196553.htm

EXHIBIT 31.2

SECTION 302

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Brett Farabaugh, certify that:

(1) I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of TransEnterix, Inc.;

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

		August 5, 2020

	By:	/s/ Brett Farabaugh
		Brett Farabaugh, Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

ex_196554.htm

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Anthony Fernando, hereby certify pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of TransEnterix, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By: /s/ Anthony Fernando

/s/ Anthony Fernando
Anthony Fernando, President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

August 5, 2020

The certification set forth above is being furnished as an Exhibit solely pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document of TransEnterix, Inc. or the certifying officers.

ex_196555.htm

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Brett Farabaugh, hereby certify pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of TransEnterix, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2020 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

By: /s/ Brett Farabaugh

/s/ Brett Farabaugh

Brett Farabaugh, Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting

Officer)

August 5, 2020

Document And Entity Information - shares	6 Months Ended
Document And Entity Information - shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Jul. 31, 2020
Document Information [Line Items]
Entity Central Index Key	0000876378
Entity Registrant Name	TRANSENTERIX, INC
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2020
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2020
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	0-19437
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	11-2962080
Entity Address, Address Line One	635 Davis Drive, Suite 300
Entity Address, City or Town	Morrisville
Entity Address, State or Province	NC
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	27560
City Area Code	919
Local Phone Number	765-8400
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock $0.001 par value per share
Trading Symbol	TRXC
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		99,876,465

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue:
Revenue	$ 655	$ 3,639	$ 1,255	$ 5,820
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	1,413	3,936	3,151	6,403
Gross loss	(758)	(297)	(1,896)	(583)
Operating Expenses:
Research and development	4,257	6,295	8,191	11,950
Sales and marketing	2,901	7,868	7,154	15,542
General and administrative	3,619	4,489	6,968	9,049
Amortization of intangible assets	2,619	2,585	5,183	5,196
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	212	960	1,268	1,958
Restructuring and other charges	0	0	858	0
Acquisition related costs	0	0	0	45
Loss from sale of SurgiBot assets, net	0	0	0	97
Total Operating Expenses	13,608	22,197	29,622	43,837
Operating Loss	(14,366)	(22,494)	(31,518)	(44,420)
Other Income (Expense):
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	(114)	2,528	(269)	2,422
Interest income	4	178	31	496
Interest expense	0	(1,061)	0	(2,177)
Other expense	(55)	(191)	(70)	(496)
Total Other Income (Expense), net	(165)	1,454	(308)	245
Loss before income taxes	(14,531)	(21,040)	(31,826)	(44,175)
Income tax benefit	691	869	1,388	1,479
Net loss	(13,840)	(20,171)	(30,438)	(42,696)
Deemed dividend related to beneficial conversion feature of preferred stock	0	0	(412)	0
Deemed dividend related to conversion of preferred stock into common stock	(299)	0	(299)	0
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	(14,139)	(20,171)	(31,149)	(42,696)
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	(13,840)	(20,171)	(30,438)	(42,696)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)	962	1,240	90	(709)
Comprehensive loss	$ (12,878)	$ (18,931)	$ (30,348)	$ (43,405)
Net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in dollars per share)	$ (0.27)	$ (1.21)	$ (0.77)	$ (2.56)
Net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (0.27)	$ (1.35)	$ (0.77)	$ (2.68)
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per common share - basic (in shares)	52,351	16,729	40,628	16,703
Weighted average number of shares used in computing net loss per common share - diluted (in shares)	52,351	16,814	40,628	16,814
Product [Member]
Revenue:
Revenue	$ 315	$ 3,342	$ 557	$ 5,171
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	720	2,956	1,633	4,229
Service [Member]
Revenue:
Revenue	340	297	698	649
Cost of revenue:
Cost of revenue	$ 693	$ 980	$ 1,518	$ 2,174

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,603	$ 9,598
Accounts receivable, net	971	620
Inventories	10,857	10,653
Other current assets	6,881	7,084
Total Current Assets	34,312	27,955
Restricted cash	627	969
Inventories, net of current portion	6,334	7,594
Property and equipment, net	6,963	4,706
Intangible Assets	25,802	28,596
Net deferred tax assets	40	0
Other long term assets	1,896	2,489
Total Assets	75,974	74,779
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable	2,347	3,579
Accrued expenses	6,840	8,553
Deferred revenue - current portion	868	818
Contingent consideration - current portion	0	73
Total Current Liabilities	10,055	13,023
Long Term Liabilities:
Deferred revenue - less current portion	0	27
Contingent consideration - less current portion	2,278	1,011
Notes payable, net of issuance costs	2,815	0
Warrant liabilities	187	2,388
Net deferred tax liabilities	0	1,392
Other long term liabilities	1,082	1,403
Total Liabilities	16,417	19,244
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock $0.001 par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 56,902,140 and 20,691,301 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively	57	21
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized, including 7,937,057 and 0 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and 0 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019	0	0
Additional paid-in capital	754,818	720,484
Accumulated deficit	(694,038)	(663,600)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(1,280)	(1,370)
Total Stockholders' Equity	59,557	55,535
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	75,974	74,779
Intellectual Property [Member]
Current Assets:
Intangible Assets	25,802	28,596
In Process Research and Development [Member]
Current Assets:
Intangible Assets	$ 0	$ 2,470

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Current Period Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	750,000,000	750,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	56,902,140	20,691,301
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	56,902,140	20,691,301
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	25,000,000	25,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Convertible Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	7,937,057	0

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	Public Offering [Member] Common Stock [Member]	Public Offering [Member] Preferred Stock [Member]	Public Offering [Member] Treasury Stock [Member]	Public Offering [Member] Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Public Offering [Member] Retained Earnings [Member]	Public Offering [Member] AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Public Offering [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member] Common Stock [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member] Preferred Stock [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member] Treasury Stock [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member] Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member] Retained Earnings [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member] AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Cumulative Effect, Period of Adoption, Adjustment [Member]	Common Stock [Member]	Preferred Stock [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Total
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018															16,642	0	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018								$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ (7)	$ 7	$ 0	$ 0	$ 17	$ 0	$ 0	$ 676,572	$ (509,406)	$ 1,338	$ 168,521
Stock-based compensation															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	2,981	0	0	2,981
Award of restricted stock units (in shares)															47	0	0
Award of restricted stock units															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	1	0	0	1
Return of common stock to pay withholding taxes on restricted stock (in shares)															0	0	15
Return of common stock to pay withholding taxes on restricted stock															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	(499)	0	0	(499)
Cancellation of treasury stock (in shares)															0	0	(15)
Cancellation of treasury stock															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)															0	0	0	0	0	(1,949)	(1,949)
Net loss															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	(22,525)	0	(22,525)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019															16,701	0	0
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019															$ 17	$ 0	$ 0	679,284	(531,924)	(611)	146,766
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018															16,642	0	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018								0	0	0	(7)	7	0	0	$ 17	$ 0	$ 0	676,572	(509,406)	1,338	168,521
Net loss																					(42,696)
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019															16,740	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019															$ 17	$ 0	$ 0	682,936	(552,095)	629	131,487
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2018															16,642	0	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2018								$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ (7)	$ 7	$ 0	$ 0	$ 17	$ 0	$ 0	676,572	(509,406)	1,338	168,521
Exercise of stock options and warrants (in shares)															12	0	0
Exercise of stock options and warrants															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	236	0	0	236
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020															56,903	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020															$ 57	$ 0	$ 0	754,818	(694,038)	(1,280)	59,557
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2019															16,701	0	0
Balance at Mar. 31, 2019															$ 17	$ 0	$ 0	679,284	(531,924)	(611)	146,766
Stock-based compensation															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	3,355	0	0	3,355
Award of restricted stock units (in shares)															14	0	0
Award of restricted stock units															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)															0	0	0	0	0	1,240	1,240
Net loss															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	(20,171)	0	(20,171)
Exercise of stock options and warrants (in shares)															25	0	0
Exercise of stock options and warrants															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	297	0	0	297
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2019															16,740	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2019															$ 17	$ 0	$ 0	682,936	(552,095)	629	131,487
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019															20,691	0	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019															$ 21	$ 0	$ 0	720,484	(663,600)	(1,370)	55,535
Stock-based compensation															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	1,923	0	0	1,923
Issuance of stock (in shares)	14,122	7,937	0												7,030	0	0
Issuance of stock	$ 14	$ 79	$ 0	$ 13,432	$ 0	$ 0	$ 13,525								$ 7	$ 0	$ 0	11,205	0	0	11,212
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock (in shares)															3,053	(3,053)	0
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock															$ 3	$ (30)	$ 0	27	0	0	0
Exchange of shares for Series B Warrants (in shares)															2,041	0	0
Exchange of shares for Series B Warrants															$ 2	$ 0	$ 0	2,468	0	0	2,470
Award of restricted stock units (in shares)															141	0	0
Award of restricted stock units															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	0	0
Return of common stock to pay withholding taxes on restricted stock (in shares)															0	0	28
Return of common stock to pay withholding taxes on restricted stock															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	(33)	0	0	(33)
Cancellation of treasury stock (in shares)															0	0	(28)
Cancellation of treasury stock															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)															0	0	0	0	0	(872)	(872)
Net loss															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	(16,598)	0	(16,598)
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020															47,078	4,884	0
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020															$ 47	$ 49	$ 0	749,506	(680,198)	(2,242)	67,162
Balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2019															20,691	0	0
Balance at Dec. 31, 2019															$ 21	$ 0	$ 0	720,484	(663,600)	(1,370)	55,535
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock (in shares)															7,900	7,900
Net loss																					(30,438)
Exercise of stock options and warrants (in shares)															4,900
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020															56,903	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020															$ 57	$ 0	$ 0	754,818	(694,038)	(1,280)	59,557
Balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2020															47,078	4,884	0
Balance at Mar. 31, 2020															$ 47	$ 49	$ 0	749,506	(680,198)	(2,242)	67,162
Stock-based compensation															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	1,933	0	0	1,933
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock (in shares)															4,884	(4,884)	0
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock															$ 5	$ (49)	$ 0	44	0	0	0
Award of restricted stock units (in shares)															28	0	0
Award of restricted stock units															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	0	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss)															0	0	0	0	0	962	962
Net loss															$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	0	(13,840)	0	(13,840)
Exercise of warrants (in shares)															4,913	0	0
Exercise of warrants															$ 5	$ 0	$ 0	3,335	0	0	3,340
Balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2020															56,903	0	0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2020															$ 57	$ 0	$ 0	$ 754,818	$ (694,038)	$ (1,280)	$ 59,557

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Mar. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Operating Activities:
Net loss	$ (13,840)	$ (16,598)	$ (20,171)	$ (22,525)	$ (30,438)	$ (42,696)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities:
Loss from sale of SurgiBot assets, net	0		0		0	97
Depreciation					1,162	1,126
Amortization of intangible assets	2,619		2,585		5,183	5,196
Amortization of debt discount and debt issuance costs					0	622
Amortization of short-term investment discount					0	(300)
Stock-based compensation					3,856	6,336
Interest expense on deferred consideration - MST acquisition					0	387
Deferred tax benefit					(1,388)	(1,479)
Write down of inventory	0		800		0	761
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	114		(2,528)		269	(2,422)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	212		960		1,268	1,958
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable					(350)	2,808
Interest receivable					0	(4)
Inventories					(2,332)	(10,301)
Other current and long term assets					827	(3,689)
Accounts payable					(1,221)	2,499
Accrued expenses					(1,736)	(1,454)
Deferred revenue					22	(862)
Other long term liabilities					(258)	1,879
Net cash and cash equivalents used in operating activities					(25,136)	(39,538)
Investing Activities:
Purchase of short-term investments					0	(12,883)
Proceeds from maturities of short-term investments					0	55,000
Purchase of property and equipment					(3)	(189)
Net cash and cash equivalents (used in) provided by investing activities					(3)	41,928
Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, preferred stock and warrants under 2020 financing, net of issuance costs					13,525	0
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs					11,212	0
Proceeds from notes payable, net of issuance costs					2,815	(30)
Taxes paid related to net share settlement of vesting of restricted stock units					(33)	(499)
Payment of contingent consideration					(74)	0
Proceeds from exercise of warrants					3,340	534
Net cash and cash equivalents provided by (used in) financing activities					30,785	5
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents					17	(32)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash					5,663	2,363
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		$ 10,567		$ 21,651	10,567	21,651	$ 21,651
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$ 16,230		$ 24,014		16,230	24,014	$ 10,567
Supplemental Disclosure for Cash Flow Information:
Interest paid					0	1,528
Supplemental Schedule of Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Transfer of inventories to property and equipment					3,403	415
Exchange of common stock for Series B Warrants					2,470	0
Transfer of in-process research and development to intellectual property					2,425	0
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock					$ 79	$ 0

Note 1 - Business Overview

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Organization, Consolidation, Basis of Presentation, Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block]

1.	Business Overview

Overview

The Senhance System is commercially available in Europe, the United States, Japan and select other countries.

•

The Senhance System has a CE Mark in Europe for adult and pediatric laparoscopic abdominal and pelvic surgery, as well as limited thoracic surgeries excluding cardiac and vascular surgery.

•

In Japan, the Company has received regulatory approval and reimbursement for 98 laparoscopic procedures.

Risks and Uncertainties

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

2.	Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The Company has prepared the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and the standards of accounting measurement set forth in the Interim Reporting Topic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”). Consequently, the Company has not necessarily included in this Form 10-Q all information and footnotes required for audited financial statements. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, except as otherwise indicated, necessary for a fair statement of its financial position, results of operations, and cash flows of the Company for all periods presented. The results reported in these condensed consolidated financial statements should not be regarded as necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any subsequent period or for the entire year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Fiscal 2019 Form 10-K. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.

On December 11, 2019, following receipt of approval from stockholders at a special meeting of stockholders held on the same day, the Company filed an amendment to its Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to effect a reverse stock split of the Company’s common stock at a ratio of one-for-thirteen, or the Reverse Stock Split. The Company’s common stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on NYSE American on the morning of December 12, 2019. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. Instead, the Company rounded up each fractional share resulting from the reverse stock split to the nearest whole share. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, the Company’s outstanding common stock decreased from approximately 261.9 million shares to approximately 20.2 million shares (without giving effect to the rounding up for each fractional share).

Unless otherwise noted, all share and per share data referenced in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the Reverse Stock Split. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, certain amounts in the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto may be slightly different than previously reported due to rounding of fractional shares, and certain amounts within the condensed consolidated balance sheets were reclassified between common stock and additional paid-in capital.

Liquidity and Going Concern

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared using U.S. GAAP applicable to a going concern, which contemplate the realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Company had an accumulated deficit of $694.0 million as of June 30, 2020 and working capital of $24.3 million as of June 30, 2020. The Company has not established sufficient sales revenues to cover its operating costs and requires additional capital to proceed with its operating plan.

The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on the Company obtaining adequate capital to fund operating losses until it becomes profitable. In order to continue as a going concern, the Company will need, among other things, additional capital resources. Traditionally, the Company has raised additional capital through equity offerings, including raising net proceeds of $13.5 million in the March 2020 public offering (see Note 10) and an additional $13.7 million in net proceeds in the July 2020 public offering (see Note 14). Additionally, in April 2020 the Company secured a non-recourse loan in the principal amount of $2.8 million under the Paycheck Protection Program (the “PPP”) provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”), as amended that may be forgiven under certain circumstances (see Note 8). Management's plan to obtain additional resources for the Company may include additional sales of equity, traditional financing, such as loans, entry into a strategic collaboration, entry into an out-licensing arrangement or provision of additional distribution rights in some or all of our markets. In addition, the Company may consider fundamental business combination transactions. If the Company is unable to obtain additional and adequate capital through one of these methods, or if expected capital from existing agreements is not received when due, or at all, it would need to reduce its sales and marketing and administrative expenses and delay research and development projects, including the purchase of equipment and supplies, until it is able to obtain sufficient funds. If such sufficient funds are not received on a timely basis, the Company would then need to pursue a plan to license or sell its assets, seek to be acquired by another entity, cease operations and/or seek bankruptcy protection. However, management cannot provide any assurance that the Company will be successful in accomplishing any or all of its plans. The Company believes the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact its operations and ability to implement its market development efforts, which will have a negative effect on its financial condition.

At June 30, 2020, the Company had cash and cash equivalents, excluding restricted cash, of approximately $15.6 million. The ability of the Company to continue to secure needed financing until it becomes profitable raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern during the one year after the date that these financial statements are issued. The condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company do not include any adjustments that may result from the outcome of these aforementioned uncertainties.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, contingent consideration, warrant liabilities, stock compensation expense, revenue recognition, accounts receivable reserves, excess and obsolete inventory reserves, inventory classification between current and non-current, and deferred tax asset valuation allowances.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant social and economic restrictions that have been imposed in the United States and abroad, which has resulted in significant volatility in the global economy and led to reduced economic activity. In the preparation of these financial statements and related disclosures, the Company has assessed the impact that COVID-19 has had on its estimates, assumptions, forecasts, and accounting policies. The Company continues to monitor closely the COVID-19 pandemic impact on its estimates, assumptions and forecasts used in the preparation of its financial statements. As the COVID-19 situation is unprecedented and ever evolving, future events and effects related to COVID-19 cannot be determined with precision, and actual results could significantly differ from estimates or forecasts.

Principles of Consolidation and Foreign Currency Considerations

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries, SafeStitch LLC, TransEnterix Surgical, Inc., TransEnterix International, Inc., TransEnterix Italia S.r.l., TransEnterix Europe S.à.R.L, TransEnterix Asia Pte. Ltd., TransEnterix Taiwan Ltd., TransEnterix Japan KK, TransEnterix Israel Ltd. and TransEnterix Netherlands B.V. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The functional currency of the Company’s operational foreign subsidiaries is predominantly the Euro. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The cumulative translation effect for a subsidiary using a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar is included in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

The Company’s intercompany accounts are denominated in the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables that the Company considers to be of a long-term investment nature are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss as a separate component of stockholders’ equity, while gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables from a foreign subsidiary for which the Company anticipates settlement in the foreseeable future are recorded in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The net gains and losses included in net loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 were not significant.

Concentrations and Credit Risk

The Company’s principal financial instruments subject to potential concentration of credit risk are cash and cash equivalents, including amounts held in money market accounts. The Company places cash deposits with a federally insured financial institution. The Company maintains its cash at banks and financial institutions it considers to be of high credit quality; however, the Company’s domestic cash deposits may at times exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s insured limit. Balances in excess of federally insured limitations may not be insured. The Company has not experienced losses on these accounts, and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant risks on such accounts.

The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from sales to customers located throughout the world. The Company evaluates its customers’ financial condition and, generally, requires no collateral from its customers. The Company provides reserves for potential credit losses and recorded no bad debt expense for any of the periods presented. The Company had eight customers who constituted 76% of the Company’s net accounts receivable as of June 30, 2020. The Company had eight customers who constituted 85% of the Company’s net accounts receivable as of December 31, 2019.

The Company had seven customers who accounted for 60% of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and five customers who accounted for 91% of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2019. The Company had nine customers who accounted for 65% of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and two customers who accounted for 76% of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted cash at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 included $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in cash accounts held as collateral primarily under the terms of an office operating lease, credit cards, automobile leases, and a performance guarantee required by the government of a country in which a Senhance System was sold in 2018.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at net realizable value, which includes an allowance for estimated uncollectible accounts. The allowance for uncollectible accounts was determined on a customer specific basis based on deemed collectability. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $1.7 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (determined on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. Inventory costs include direct materials, direct labor, and normal manufacturing overhead. The Company records reserves, when necessary, to reduce the carrying value of inventory to its net realizable value. Management considers forecast demand in relation to the inventory on hand, competitiveness of product offerings, market conditions and product life cycles when determining excess and obsolescence and net realizable value adjustments. At the point of loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.

Any inventory on hand at the measurement date in excess of the Company's current requirements based on anticipated levels of sales is classified as long-term on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s classification of long-term inventory requires it to estimate the portion of on hand inventory that can be realized over the upcoming twelve months.

Identifiable Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets - Intellectual Property

Intellectual property consists of purchased patent rights and developed technology acquired as part of a business acquisition. Developed technology includes reclassified IPR&D assets related to (i) the Senhance System acquired in 2015 and reclassified in 2017 and (ii) MST acquired in 2018 and reclassified in 2020. Amortization of the patent rights is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the patents of 10 years. Amortization of the developed technology is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of 5 to 7 years.

The Company periodically evaluates intellectual property for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. To determine the recoverability, the Company evaluates the probability that future estimated undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value. No impairment of intellectual property was identified during the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets – In-Process Research and Development

In-process research and development (“IPR&D”) assets represent the fair value assigned to technologies that were acquired, which at the time of acquisition have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use. IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During the period that the IPR&D assets are considered indefinite-lived, they are tested for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if the Company becomes aware of any events occurring or changes in circumstances that indicate that the fair value of the IPR&D assets are less than their carrying amounts. To determine the recoverability, the Company evaluates the probability that future estimated discounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value.

The Company performed an impairment test of its IPR&D at the end of the third quarter 2019 as recent events and changes in market conditions indicated that the asset might be impaired. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company concluded that the fair value determined by the market value approach was lower than the carrying value and recognized a $7.9 million impairment charge to its IPR&D. The Company performed its annual impairment assessment at December 31, 2019 and no additional impairment was required.

The Company reclassifies IPR&D assets to intellectual property when development is complete, which generally occurs upon regulatory approval and the Company is able to commercialize products. The completed IPR&D assets are then classified as definite-lived intangible assets (developed technology) and are amortized based on their estimated useful lives at that point in time. If development is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full or partial impairment charge related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of carrying value of the IPR&D assets over fair value.

The Company did not identify any impairment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. As of June 30, 2020, all IPR&D assets have been reclassified to intellectual property.

Goodwill

Goodwill of $93.8 million was recorded in connection with a September 2013 merger transaction, goodwill of $38.3 million was recorded in connection with the Senhance Acquisition and goodwill of $9.6 million was recorded in connection with the MST Medical Surgical Technologies, Ltd. Acquisition (see Note 3).

The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill at December 31, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the Company’s one reporting unit may not be recoverable. During the third quarter of 2019, the Company’s stock price declined significantly as a result of decreased sales and goodwill was deemed to be fully impaired, resulting in an impairment charge of $79.0 million.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists primarily of machinery, manufacturing equipment, demonstration equipment, computer equipment, furniture, and leasehold improvements, which are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets as follows:

Machinery, manufacturing and demonstration equipment (in years)
3 - 5

Computer equipment (in years)
3

Furniture (in years)
5

Leasehold improvements
Lesser of lease term or 3 to 10 years

Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is credited or charged to operations. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

The Company reviews its property and equipment assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. To determine the recoverability, the Company evaluates the probability that future estimated undiscounted net cash flows will be less than the carrying amount of the assets. If such estimated cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, then such assets are written down to their fair value. The Company did not identify any impairment during the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019.

Contingent Consideration

Contingent cash consideration arising from business combinations is recorded as a liability and is the estimate of the fair value of potential milestone payments related to those acquisitions. Contingent consideration is measured at fair value using a discounted cash flow model using significant unobservable inputs including the probability of achieving each of the potential milestones, future Euro-to-USD exchange rates, and an estimated discount rate associated with the risks of the expected cash flows attributable to the various milestones. Significant increases or decreases in any of the probabilities of success or changes in expected achievement of any of these milestones would result in a significantly higher or lower fair value of these milestones, respectively, and commensurate changes to the associated liability. The contingent consideration is revalued at each reporting period and changes in fair value are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Warrant Liabilities

The Company’s Series B Warrants (see Note 9) are measured at fair value using a simulation model which takes into account, as of the valuation date, factors including the current exercise price, the expected life of the warrant, the current price of the underlying stock, its expected volatility, holding cost and the risk-free interest rate for the term of the warrant (see Note 4). The warrant liability is revalued at each reporting period and changes in fair value are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The selection of the appropriate valuation model and the inputs and assumptions that are required to determine the valuation requires significant judgment and requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of the related liability and reported amounts of the change in fair value. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and changes in these estimates are recorded when known.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s revenue consists of product revenue resulting from the sale of Systems, System components, instruments and accessories, and service revenue. The Company accounts for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract between the Company and the customer, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of the contract consideration is probable. The Company's revenues are measured based on consideration specified in the contract with each customer, net of any sales incentives and taxes collected from customers that are remitted to government authorities. The Company’s System sale arrangements generally include a five-year service period; the first year of service is generally free and included in the System sale arrangement and the remaining four years are generally included at a stated service price.

The Company’s System sale arrangements generally contain multiple products and services. For these consolidated sale arrangements, the Company accounts for individual products and services as separate performance obligations if they are distinct, which is if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the consolidated package, and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The Company’s System sale arrangements may include a combination of the following performance obligations: System(s), System components, instruments, accessories, and System service.

For arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative estimated standalone selling price. When available, standalone selling prices are based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells the products or services; however due to limited sales to date, standalone selling prices generally are not directly observable. The Company estimates the standalone selling price using the market assessment approach considering market conditions and entity-specific factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the products and services, geographies, type of customer, and market conditions. The Company regularly reviews estimated standalone selling prices and updates these estimates if necessary.

The Company enters into lease arrangements with certain qualified customers. Revenue related to arrangements including lease elements are allocated to lease and non-lease elements based on their relative standalone selling prices. Lease elements generally include a Senhance System, while non-lease elements generally include service, instruments, and accessories. For some lease arrangements, the customers are provided with the right to purchase the leased System at some point during and/or at the end of the lease term. In some arrangements lease payments are based on the usage of the System.

In determining whether a transaction should be classified as a sales-type or operating lease, the Company considers the following terms at lease commencement: (1) whether title of the Senhance System transfers automatically or for a nominal fee by the end of the lease term, (2) whether the present value of the minimum lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased System, (3) whether the lease term is for the major part of the remaining economic life of the leased System, (4) whether the lease grants the lessee an option to purchase the leased System that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, and (5) whether the underlying System is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the Company at the end of the lease term. All such arrangements through June 30, 2020 are classified as operating leases.

The Company recognizes revenues as the performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to a customer. The Company generally recognizes revenue for the performance obligations as follows:

●

System sales. For Systems and System components sold directly to end customers, revenue is recognized when the Company transfers control to the customer, which is generally at the point when acceptance occurs that indicates customer acknowledgment of delivery or installation, depending on the terms of the arrangement. For Systems sold through distributors, for which distributors are responsible for installation, revenue is recognized generally at the time of shipment. The Company’s System arrangements generally do not provide a right of return. The Systems are generally covered by a one-year warranty. Warranty costs were not material for the periods presented.

●

Lease arrangements. Revenue related to lease elements from operating lease arrangements is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term or based upon System usage and is presented as product revenue.

●

Instruments and accessories. Revenue from sales of instruments and accessories is recognized when control is transferred to the customers, which generally occurs at the time of shipment, but also occurs at the time of delivery depending on the customer arrangement.

●

Service. Service revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the service period as the customers benefit from the service throughout the service period. Revenue related to services performed on a time-and-materials basis is recognized when performed.

The following table presents revenue disaggregated by type and geography (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30,

Six Months Ended June 30,

2020

2019

2020

2019

U.S.

Systems
$ 45 $ - $ 75 $ -

Instruments and accessories
7 25 67 25

Services
103 127 171 260

Total U.S. revenue
155 152 313 285

Outside of U.S. ("OUS")

Systems
117 2,782 127 4,065

Instruments and accessories
146 535 288 1,081

Services
237 170 527 389

Total OUS revenue
500 3,487 942 5,535

Total

Systems
162 2,782 202 4,065

Instruments and accessories
153 560 355 1,106

Services
340 297 698 649

Total revenue
$ 655 $ 3,639 $ 1,255 $ 5,820

The Company recognizes sales by geographic area based on the country in which the customer is based. Operating lease revenue is included in the above table and was approximately $0.1 million and $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0 for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations relates to amounts allocated to products and services for which the revenue has not yet been recognized. A significant portion of this amount relates to service obligations performed under the Company's System sales contracts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods. Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was approximately $3.0 million and $3.7 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

The Company invoices its customers based on the billing schedules in its sales arrangements. Contract assets for the periods presented primarily represent the difference between the revenue that was recognized based on the relative selling price of the related performance obligations and the contractual billing terms in the arrangements. Contract assets are included in accounts receivable and totaled $0.1 million and $0.2 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Deferred revenue for the periods presented was primarily related to service obligations, for which the service fees are billed up-front, generally annually. The associated deferred revenue is generally recognized ratably over the service period. The Company did not have any significant impairment losses on its contract assets for the periods presented. Revenue recognized for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each reporting period was $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Revenue recognized for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each reporting period was $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 also included $1.3 million from a System sold in 2017 for which revenue was deferred until its first clinical use, which occurred in the second quarter of 2019. The aggregate amount of transaction price allocated to performance obligations that remain unsatisfied as of June 30, 2020 was $3.0 million, which is expected to be recognized as revenue over one to three years.

In connection with assets recognized from the costs to obtain a contract with a customer, the Company determined that the sales incentive programs for its sales team do not meet the requirements to be capitalized as the Company does not expect to generate future economic benefits from the related revenue from the initial sales transaction and such costs are expensed as incurred.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists of contract manufacturing, materials, labor and manufacturing overhead incurred internally to produce the products. Shipping and handling costs incurred by the Company are included in cost of revenue. During the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0 and $0.8 million of expenses, respectively, for inventory obsolescence related to certain System components. During the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded $0 and $0.8 million of expenses, respectively, for inventory obsolescence related to certain System components.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development expenses primarily consist of engineering, product development and regulatory expenses, incurred in the design, development, testing and enhancement of our products. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company follows ASC 718 “Stock Compensation”, which provides guidance in accounting for share-based awards exchanged for services rendered and requires companies to expense the estimated fair value of these awards over the requisite service period. The Company recognizes as expense, the grant-date fair value of stock options and other stock-based compensation issued to employees and non-employee directors over the requisite service periods, which are typically the vesting periods. The Company uses the Black-Scholes-Merton model to estimate the fair value of our stock-based payments. The volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes-Merton model is based on the calculated historical volatility based on an analysis of reported data for a peer group of companies as well as the Company’s historical volatility. The expected term of options granted has been determined based upon the simplified method, because the Company does not have sufficient historical information regarding its options to derive the expected term. Under this approach, the expected term is the mid-point between the weighted average of vesting period and the contractual term. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury rates whose term is consistent with the expected life of the stock options. The Company has not paid and does not anticipate paying cash dividends on its shares of common stock; therefore, the expected dividend yield is assumed to be zero. The Company estimates forfeitures based on its historical experience and adjust the estimated forfeiture rate based upon actual experience.

The fair value of restricted stock units is determined by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

Compensation expense for stock-based compensation was approximately $1.9 million and $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and was approximately $3.9 million and $6.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

On June 8, 2020, following the 2020 annual meeting of stockholders, the Board of Directors approved and granted equity awards to the members of the Board and the executive officers of the Company. The awards to the non-employee directors consisted of annual equity grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock options under the director compensation program, with a grant date value of $45,000 per non-employee director, as well as one-time compensatory awards to the Board members for service to the Company during this critical time in the Company’s history with a grant date value ranging from $5,000 to $10,000, depending on length of Board service.

The awards to the executive officers include the 2020 annual long-term incentive grants, as well as a retention and promotion grant for our Chief Executive Officer. Thirty percent of the value of the annual long-term incentive awards to our CEO is comprised of performance-based RSUs, which will only vest if the Company’s stock price is at least $1.00 or more for twenty consecutive trading days in a three-year performance period.

The awards were all made under the Company’s Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan. An aggregate of 2,061,289 shares of common stock underlie these awards if they fully vest.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets or liabilities for the temporary differences between financial reporting and tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities, and for tax carryforwards at enacted statutory rates in effect for the years in which the asset or liability is expected to be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income during the period that includes the enactment date. In addition, valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets and liabilities to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company has elected to account for global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”) as a period expense in the year the tax is incurred.

The Company recognizes the financial statement benefit of an income tax position only after determining that the relevant taxing authority would more likely than not sustain the position following audit. For tax positions meeting the more likely than not threshold, the amount recognized in the financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the relevant taxing authority. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties in the provision for income taxes.

Tax regulations within each jurisdiction are subject to the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and require application of significant judgment. The Company is subject to U.S. federal and various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. Due to the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards, the Company may be subject to examination by authorities for all previously filed income tax returns.

In a referendum held on May 19, 2019, Swiss voters adopted the Federal Act on Tax Reform and AVS Financing (TRAF). TRAF introduces major changes in the Swiss tax system by abolishing certain current preferential tax regimes and replacing them with new measures that are in line with international standards. The referendum did not have a material impact on the Company for the 2020 or 2019 tax provisions. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of these provisions in future periods as the enactment process in completed.

On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was signed into law in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act, as amended on June 5, 2020 through the enactment of the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act, provides numerous tax provisions and stimulus measures, including temporary changes regarding the prior and future utilization of net operating losses, temporary changes to the prior and future limitations on interest deductions, and technical corrections from prior tax legislation for tax depreciation of certain qualified improvement property. The Company continues to evaluate the provisions of the CARES Act, as amended, relating to income taxes which may result in adjustments to certain deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Segments

The Company operates in one business segment—the research, development and sale of medical device robotics to improve minimally invasive surgery. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (determined to be the Chief Executive Officer) does not manage any part of the Company separately, and the allocation of resources and assessment of performance are based on the Company’s consolidated operating results.

Approximately 26% and 19% of the Company’s total consolidated assets are located within the United States as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The remaining assets are mostly located in Europe and are primarily related to the Company’s facility in Italy, and include intellectual property, in-process research and development, other current assets, property and equipment, cash, accounts receivable, other long-term assets and inventory of $56.4 million and $60.5 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Total assets outside of the United States amounted to 74% and 81% of total consolidated assets at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company recognizes sales by geographic area based on the country in which the customer is based. For the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, 25% and 5%, respectively, of net revenue were generated in the United States; while 52% and 42%, respectively, were generated in Europe; and 23% and 53% were generated in Asia. For the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, 24% and 4%, respectively, of net revenue were generated in the United States; while 56% and 48%, respectively, were generated in Europe; and 20% and 47% were generated in Asia.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In August 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements as part of its disclosure framework project. The Company adopted this ASU effective January 1, 2020 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. ASU 2019-12 removes certain exceptions to the general principles in ASC 740, Income Tax and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. ASU 2019-12 will be effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those periods, with early adoption permitted. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which is designed to provide financial statement users with more information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. When determining such expected credit losses, the guidance requires companies to apply a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. This guidance is effective on a modified retrospective basis for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3 - Acquisitions

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Business Combination Disclosure [Text Block]

3.	Acquisitions

MST Medical Surgery Technologies Ltd. Acquisition

Senhance Surgical Robotic System

Note 4 - Fair Value

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block]

4.	Fair Value

●

Level 1, defined as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

●

Level 3, defined as valuations based on unobservable inputs reflecting the Company’s own assumptions, consistent with reasonably available assumptions made by other market participants.

	June 30, 2020
	(in thousands)

Description	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets measured at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,603	$	-	$	-	$	15,603
Restricted cash		627		-		-		627
Total assets measured at fair value	$	16,230	$	-	$	-	$	16,230
Liaiblities measured at fair value
Contingent consideration	$	-	$	-	$	2,278	$	2,278
Warrant liabilities		-		-		187		187
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	-	$	-	$	2,465	$	2,465

	December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)

Description	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets measured at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,598	$	-	$	-	$	9,598
Restricted cash		969		-		-		969
Total assets measured at fair value	$	10,567	$	-	$	-	$	10,567
Liaiblities measured at fair value
Contingent consideration	$	-	$	-	$	1,084	$	1,084
Warrant liabilities		-		-		2,388		2,388
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	-	$	-	$	3,472	$	3,472

The following table summarizes the change in fair value, as determined by Level 3 inputs for the warrants and the contingent consideration for the six months ended June 30, 2020:

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
	Common stock warrants			Contingent consideration
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,388		$	1,084
Exchange of warrants		(2,470	)		-
Change in fair value		269			1,268
Payment of contingent consideration		-			(74	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	187		$	2,278

Current portion	$	-		$	-
Long-term portion		187			2,278
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	187		$	2,278

Note 5 - Inventories

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Inventory Disclosure [Text Block]

5.	Inventories

The components of inventories are as follows:

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Finished Goods	$	10,159	$	9,737
Raw Materials		7,032		8,510
Total Inventories	$	17,191	$	18,247

Current portion	$	10,857	$	10,653
Long-term portion		6,334		7,594
Total inventories	$	17,191	$	18,247

Note 6 - Goodwill, In-Process Research and Development and Intellectual Property

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Text Block]

6.	In-Process Research and Development and Intellectual Property

In-Process Research and Development

The carrying value of the Company’s IPR&D assets and the change in the balance for the six months ended June 30, 2020 is as follows:

	In-Process Research and Development
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,470
Foreign currency translation impact		(45	)
Transfer to developed technology		(2,425	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	-

Intellectual Property

The components of gross intellectual property, accumulated amortization, and net intellectual property as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows:

	June 30, 2020
	(in thousands)
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation Impact			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology	$	68,838	$	(42,207	)	$	(1,117	)	$	25,514
Technology and patents purchased		400		(133	)		21			288
Total intellectual property	$	69,238	$	(42,340	)	$	(1,096	)	$	25,802

	December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation Impact			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology	$	66,413	$	(36,918	)	$	(1,208	)	$	28,287
Technology and patents purchased		400		(112	)		21			309
Total intellectual property	$	66,813	$	(37,030	)	$	(1,187	)	$	28,596

The weighted average remaining useful life of the developed technology and technology and patents purchased was 2.7 years and 6.8 years, respectively as of June 30, 2020.

Note 7 - Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Income Tax Disclosure [Text Block]

7.	Income Taxes

As of June 30, 2020, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the Company’s effective tax rate.

Note 8 - Notes Payable

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Debt Disclosure [Text Block]

8.	Notes Payable

Paycheck Protection Program

Hercules Loan Agreement

Note 9 - Warrants

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Warrants Disclosure [Text Block]

9.	Warrants

The following table summarizes outstanding warrant, including the Series B Warrants, the Series C Warrants, and the Series D Warrants as of June 30, 2020:

Range of Exercise Prices				Number of Warrants Outstanding		Range of Expiration Dates
		$0.37			530,381	May 2022
		$0.68			45,823,528	March 2021 - March 2025
	$13.00	-	$52.20		107,721	September 2021 - September 2027
					46,461,630

Note 10 - Equity Offerings

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block]

10.

Equity Offerings

The following table summarizes the total sales under the ATM Offering for the period indicated (in thousands except for share and per share amounts):

	ATM Offering

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Total shares of common stock sold		6,687,846

Average price per share	$	1.73

Gross proceeds	$	11,558
Commissions earned by Cantor		346
Net proceeds	$	11,212

Public Offerings of Securities

Note 11 - Restructuring

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Restructuring and Related Activities Disclosure [Text Block]

11.

Restructuring

	Restructuring Liability
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	882
Amount charged to operating expenses		858
Cash payments		(752	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	988

Note 12 - Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Earnings Per Share [Text Block]

12.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Text Block]

13.

Commitments and Contingencies

Contingent Consideration

Legal Proceedings

Note 14 - Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes to Financial Statements

Subsequent Events [Text Block]

14.

Subsequent Events

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Accounting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation

Substantial Doubt about Going Concern [Policy Text Block]

Liquidity and Going Concern

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Principles of Consolidation and Foreign Currency Considerations

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentrations and Credit Risk

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Receivable [Policy Text Block]

Accounts Receivable

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Identifiable Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Definite-Lived Intangible Assets - Intellectual Property

Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets – In-Process Research and Development

Goodwill

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and Equipment

Contingent Consideration [Policy Text Block]

Contingent Consideration

Warrant Liabilities [Policy Text Block]

Warrant Liabilities

Revenue [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

●

The following table presents revenue disaggregated by type and geography (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
U.S.
Systems	$	45	$	-	$	75	$	-
Instruments and accessories		7		25		67		25
Services		103		127		171		260
Total U.S. revenue		155		152		313		285

Outside of U.S. ("OUS")
Systems		117		2,782		127		4,065
Instruments and accessories		146		535		288		1,081
Services		237		170		527		389
Total OUS revenue		500		3,487		942		5,535

Total
Systems		162		2,782		202		4,065
Instruments and accessories		153		560		355		1,106
Services		340		297		698		649
Total revenue	$	655	$	3,639	$	1,255	$	5,820

Cost of Goods and Service [Policy Text Block]

Cost of Revenue

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development Costs

Share-based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]

Stock-Based Compensation

The fair value of restricted stock units is determined by the market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

The awards were all made under the Company’s Amended and Restated Incentive Compensation Plan. An aggregate of 2,061,289 shares of common stock underlie these awards if they fully vest.

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

Segment Reporting, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Segments

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Property Plant and Equipment Useful Life [Table Text Block]

Disaggregation of Revenue [Table Text Block]

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
U.S.
Systems	$	45	$	-	$	75	$	-
Instruments and accessories		7		25		67		25
Services		103		127		171		260
Total U.S. revenue		155		152		313		285

Outside of U.S. ("OUS")
Systems		117		2,782		127		4,065
Instruments and accessories		146		535		288		1,081
Services		237		170		527		389
Total OUS revenue		500		3,487		942		5,535

Total
Systems		162		2,782		202		4,065
Instruments and accessories		153		560		355		1,106
Services		340		297		698		649
Total revenue	$	655	$	3,639	$	1,255	$	5,820

Note 4 - Fair Value (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis [Table Text Block]

	June 30, 2020
	(in thousands)

Description	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets measured at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,603	$	-	$	-	$	15,603
Restricted cash		627		-		-		627
Total assets measured at fair value	$	16,230	$	-	$	-	$	16,230
Liaiblities measured at fair value
Contingent consideration	$	-	$	-	$	2,278	$	2,278
Warrant liabilities		-		-		187		187
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	-	$	-	$	2,465	$	2,465

	December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)

Description	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Assets measured at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,598	$	-	$	-	$	9,598
Restricted cash		969		-		-		969
Total assets measured at fair value	$	10,567	$	-	$	-	$	10,567
Liaiblities measured at fair value
Contingent consideration	$	-	$	-	$	1,084	$	1,084
Warrant liabilities		-		-		2,388		2,388
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$	-	$	-	$	3,472	$	3,472

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

	Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
	Common stock warrants			Contingent consideration
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,388		$	1,084
Exchange of warrants		(2,470	)		-
Change in fair value		269			1,268
Payment of contingent consideration		-			(74	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	187		$	2,278

Current portion	$	-		$	-
Long-term portion		187			2,278
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	187		$	2,278

Note 5 - Inventories (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Inventory, Current [Table Text Block]

	June 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
Finished Goods	$	10,159	$	9,737
Raw Materials		7,032		8,510
Total Inventories	$	17,191	$	18,247

Current portion	$	10,857	$	10,653
Long-term portion		6,334		7,594
Total inventories	$	17,191	$	18,247

Note 6 - Goodwill, In-Process Research and Development and Intellectual Property (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Table Text Block]

	In-Process Research and Development
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	2,470
Foreign currency translation impact		(45	)
Transfer to developed technology		(2,425	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	-

	June 30, 2020
	(in thousands)
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation Impact			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology	$	68,838	$	(42,207	)	$	(1,117	)	$	25,514
Technology and patents purchased		400		(133	)		21			288
Total intellectual property	$	69,238	$	(42,340	)	$	(1,096	)	$	25,802

	December 31, 2019
	(in thousands)
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Foreign Currency Translation Impact			Net Carrying Amount
Developed technology	$	66,413	$	(36,918	)	$	(1,208	)	$	28,287
Technology and patents purchased		400		(112	)		21			309
Total intellectual property	$	66,813	$	(37,030	)	$	(1,187	)	$	28,596

Note 9 - Warrants (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Stockholders' Equity Note, Warrants or Rights [Table Text Block]

Range of Exercise Prices				Number of Warrants Outstanding		Range of Expiration Dates
		$0.37			530,381	May 2022
		$0.68			45,823,528	March 2021 - March 2025
	$13.00	-	$52.20		107,721	September 2021 - September 2027
					46,461,630

Note 10 - Equity Offerings (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Schedule of Sales Under Sales Agency Agreement [Table Text Block]

	ATM Offering

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Total shares of common stock sold		6,687,846

Average price per share	$	1.73

Gross proceeds	$	11,558
Commissions earned by Cantor		346
Net proceeds	$	11,212

Note 11 - Restructuring (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2020

Notes Tables

Restructuring and Related Costs [Table Text Block]

	Restructuring Liability
	(in thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	882
Amount charged to operating expenses		858
Cash payments		(752	)
Balance at June 30, 2020	$	988

Note 1 - Business Overview (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Restructuring Charges, Total	$ 8,800	$ 858
Other Restructuring Costs			$ 7,400
Restructuring Reserve, Ending Balance	882	988	$ 882
Accrued Expense [Member]
Restructuring Reserve, Ending Balance		1,000
Cost of Sales [Member]
Other Restructuring Costs	7,400
Restructuring and Other Charges [Member]
Severance Costs	$ 1,400	$ 900

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 1 (Details Textual)						3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 06, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 08, 2020 USD ($) shares	Apr. 27, 2020 USD ($)	Mar. 10, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 11, 2019 shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($) shares	Dec. 10, 2019 shares
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares) \| shares					20,200,000	56,902,140	20,691,301			56,902,140		20,691,301	261,900,000
Retained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit), Ending Balance						$ (694,038,000)	$ (663,600,000)			$ (694,038,000)		$ (663,600,000)
Working Capital						24,300,000				24,300,000
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net										13,525,000	$ 0
Cash and Cash Equivalents, at Carrying Value, Ending Balance						15,603,000	9,598,000			15,603,000		9,598,000
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents, Noncurrent, Total						600,000	1,000,000.0			600,000		1,000,000.0
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss, Ending Balance						1,700,000	1,700,000			1,700,000		1,700,000
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived										$ 0	0
Goodwill, Impairment Loss							79,000,000.0
Period Of Service Sale Arrangement (Year)										5 years
Period of Service Sale Arrangement at Stated Service Price (Year)										4 years
Operating Lease, Lease Income, Total						100,000			$ 0	$ 200,000	0
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount						3,000,000.0	3,700,000			3,000,000.0		3,700,000
Contract with Customer, Asset, after Allowance for Credit Loss, Current, Total						100,000	200,000			100,000		200,000
Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized						400,000			400,000	600,000	700,000
Inventory Write-down						0			800,000	0	761,000
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expense						1,900,000			3,400,000	$ 3,900,000	6,300,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options and RSUs, Grants in Period, Grant Date Value Per Non-employee Director		$ 45,000
Common Stock, Capital Shares Reserved for Future Issuance (in shares) \| shares		2,061,289
Number of Operating Segments										1
Assets, Total						75,974,000	74,779,000			$ 75,974,000		74,779,000
Non-US [Member]
Assets, Total						56,400,000	60,500,000			56,400,000		$ 60,500,000
System Sold in 2017 [Member]
Contract with Customer, Liability, Revenue Recognized									1,300,000		1,300,000
Safe Stitch Medical Inc [Member]
Goodwill, Ending Balance						93,800,000				93,800,000
Senhance Surgical Robotic System Acquisition [Member]
Goodwill, Ending Balance						38,300,000				38,300,000
Medical Surgery Technologies Limited [Member]
Goodwill, Ending Balance						9,600,000				$ 9,600,000
Minimum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options and RSUs, Grants in Period, Grant Date Value		$ 5,000
Maximum [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options and RSUs, Grants in Period, Grant Date Value		$ 10,000
Patents [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life (Year)										10 years
Developed Technology Rights [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life (Year)										5 years
Developed Technology Rights [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Asset, Useful Life (Year)										7 years
In Process Research and Development [Member]
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived						$ 0	$ 0	$ 7,900,000	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Accounts Receivable [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Eight Customers [Member]
Number of Major Customers										8		8
Concentration Risk, Percentage										76.00%		85.00%
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Seven Customers [Member]
Number of Major Customers						7
Concentration Risk, Percentage						60.00%
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Five Customers [Member]
Number of Major Customers									5
Concentration Risk, Percentage									91.00%
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Nine Customers [Member]
Number of Major Customers										9
Concentration Risk, Percentage										65.00%
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Customer Concentration Risk [Member] \| Two Customers [Member]
Number of Major Customers											2
Concentration Risk, Percentage											76.00%
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] \| UNITED STATES
Concentration Risk, Percentage						24.00%			4.00%	25.00%	5.00%
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] \| Europe [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage						56.00%			48.00%	52.00%	42.00%
Revenue Benchmark [Member] \| Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] \| Asia [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage						20.00%			47.00%	23.00%	53.00%
Assets, Total [Member] \| Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] \| UNITED STATES
Concentration Risk, Percentage										26.00%		19.00%
Assets, Total [Member] \| Geographic Concentration Risk [Member] \| Non-US [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage										74.00%		81.00%
Paycheck Protection Program CARES Act [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-term Debt, Total			$ 2,815,200
Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net				$ 13,500,000
Public Offering [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net	$ 13,700,000
Reverse Stock Split [Member]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio					13

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 2 (Details Textual) - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-07-01	Jun. 30, 2020
Minimum [Member]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period (Year)	3 years

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Estimated Useful Lives of Assets (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020
Machinery, Manufacturing and Demonstration Equipment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (Year)	3 years
Machinery, Manufacturing and Demonstration Equipment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (Year)	5 years
Computer Equipment [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (Year)	3 years
Furniture and Fixtures [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (Year)	5 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (Year)	3 years
Leasehold Improvements [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Property and equipment, estimated useful lives (Year)	10 years

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Revenue Disaggregated by Type and Geography (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Revenue	$ 655	$ 3,639	$ 1,255	$ 5,820
Systems [Member]
Revenue	162	2,782	202	4,065
Instruments and Accessories [Member]
Revenue	153	560	355	1,106
Service [Member]
Revenue	340	297	698	649
UNITED STATES
Revenue	155	152	313	285
UNITED STATES \| Systems [Member]
Revenue	45	0	75	0
UNITED STATES \| Instruments and Accessories [Member]
Revenue	7	25	67	25
UNITED STATES \| Service [Member]
Revenue	103	127	171	260
Non-US [Member]
Revenue	500	3,487	942	5,535
Non-US [Member] \| Systems [Member]
Revenue	117	2,782	127	4,065
Non-US [Member] \| Instruments and Accessories [Member]
Revenue	146	535	288	1,081
Non-US [Member] \| Service [Member]
Revenue	$ 237	$ 170	$ 527	$ 389

Note 3 - Acquisitions (Details Textual) $ in Thousands, € in Millions							3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Oct. 15, 2019 USD ($)	Aug. 07, 2019 USD ($) shares	Oct. 31, 2018 USD ($) shares	Dec. 30, 2016 EUR (€) shares	Sep. 21, 2015 USD ($) shares	Sep. 21, 2015 EUR (€) shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 EUR (€)	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 EUR (€)
Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Assets, Total							$ (0)	$ (0)	$ (0)		$ (97)
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Total							2,278		2,278			$ 1,084
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Financing Activities									74		$ (0)
Auto Lap [Member]
Disposal Group, Including Discontinued Operation, Consideration	$ 17,000
Proceeds from Sale of Productive Assets, Total	16,000
Disposal Group Including Discontinued Operation Consideration Receivable	$ 1,000
Gain (Loss) on Disposition of Assets, Total												16,000
Medical Surgery Technologies Limited [Member]
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross			$ 5,800
Business Acquisition, Equity Interest Issued or Issuable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares		370,423	242,310
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Equity Interests Issued and Issuable		$ 6,600
Senhance Surgical Robotic System Acquisition [Member]
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Gross					$ 25,000
Business Acquisition, Equity Interest Issued or Issuable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares				286,360	1,195,647	1,195,647
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Equity Interests Issued and Issuable \| €				€ 5.0
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Liabilities Incurred \| €						€ 27.5
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Total							$ 2,300		$ 2,300			$ 1,100
Senhance Surgical Robotic System Acquisition [Member] \| Second Tranche [Member]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Total \| €				€ 22.5
Payment for Contingent Consideration Liability, Financing Activities \| €										€ 15.0
Senhance Surgical Robotic System Acquisition [Member] \| Third Tranche [Member]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Total \| €													€ 15.0
Senhance Surgical Robotic System Acquisition [Member] \| Third Tranche [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Business Combination Contingent Consideration Arrangements Target Revenue \| €										€ 25.0
Senhance Surgical Robotic System Acquisition [Member] \| Fourth Tranche [Member]
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Total \| €						€ 2.5

Note 4 - Fair Value (Details Textual) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Dec. 11, 2019	Apr. 28, 2017 $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares	Jun. 30, 2019 USD ($)
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration Arrangements, Change in Amount of Contingent Consideration, Liability \| $			$ 212	$ 960	$ 1,268	$ 1,958
Number of Units Sold (in shares)		24,900,000
Number of Shares in Each Unit (in shares)		0.077
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 1.00
Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants \| $			$ 114	(2,528)	$ 269	(2,422)
Reverse Stock Split [Member]
Stockholders' Equity Note, Stock Split, Conversion Ratio	13
Series A Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right (in shares)		0.077
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 13.00
Series B Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right (in shares)		0.058
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 13.00	$ 0.37		$ 0.37
Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants \| $			$ 100	$ (2,500)	$ 300	$ (2,400)

Note 4 - Fair Value - Summary of Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 15,603	$ 9,598
Restricted cash	627	969
Total assets measured at fair value	16,230	10,567
Contingent consideration	2,278	1,084
Warrant liabilities	187	2,388
Total liabilities measured at fair value	2,465	3,472
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 1 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	15,603	9,598
Restricted cash	627	969
Total assets measured at fair value	16,230	10,567
Contingent consideration	0	0
Warrant liabilities	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 2 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Contingent consideration	0	0
Warrant liabilities	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value	0	0
Fair Value, Inputs, Level 3 [Member]
Cash and cash equivalents	0	0
Restricted cash	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value	0	0
Contingent consideration	2,278	1,084
Warrant liabilities	187	2,388
Total liabilities measured at fair value	$ 2,465	$ 3,472

Note 4 - Fair Value - Summary of Change in Fair Value for Warrants and Contingent Consideration (Details) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)
Warrant [Member]
Balance	$ 2,388
Settlement	(2,470)
Change in fair value	269
Balance	187
Current portion	0
Long-term portion	187
Contingent Consideration [Member]
Balance	1,084
Settlement	(74)
Change in fair value	1,268
Balance	2,278
Current portion	0
Long-term portion	$ 2,278

Note 5 - Inventories (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2019
Other Restructuring Costs					$ 7,400
Inventory Write-down	$ 0	$ 800	$ 0	$ 761
Systems [Member]
Inventory Write-down		$ 800			$ 1,500

Note 5 - Inventories - Components of Inventories (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finished Goods	$ 10,159	$ 9,737
Raw Materials	7,032	8,510
Total Inventories	17,191	18,247
Current portion	10,857	10,653
Long-term portion	$ 6,334	$ 7,594

Note 6 - Goodwill, In-Process Research and Development and Intellectual Property (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Sep. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived					$ 0	$ 0
In Process Research and Development [Member]
Impairment of Intangible Assets, Finite-lived	$ 0	$ 0	$ 7,900	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Developed Technology Rights [Member] \| Weighted Average [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Remaining Amortization Period (Year)					2 years 8 months 12 days
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member] \| Weighted Average [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Remaining Amortization Period (Year)					6 years 9 months 18 days

Note 6 - Goodwill, In-Process Research and Development and Intellectual Property - In-Process Research and Development and Intellectual Property (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	$ 28,596
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	25,802
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	69,238	$ 66,813
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	(42,340)	(37,030)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Foreign Currency Translation Impact	(1,096)	(1,187)
In Process Research and Development [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	2,470
Foreign currency translation impact	(45)
Transfer to developed technology	(2,425)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	0
Developed Technology Rights [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	28,287
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	25,514
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	68,838	66,413
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	(42,207)	(36,918)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Foreign Currency Translation Impact	(1,117)	(1,208)
Technology-Based Intangible Assets [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	309
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net	288
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Gross	400	400
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Accumulated Amortization	(133)	(112)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Foreign Currency Translation Impact	$ 21	$ 21

Note 7 - Income Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Dec. 31, 2020
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total	4.80%	4.10%	4.40%	3.40%
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 700	$ 900	$ 1,400	$ 1,500
Current Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Total	$ 10	$ 20	$ 30	$ 30
Forecast [Member]
Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation, Percent, Total					2.30%

Note 8 - Notes Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Apr. 27, 2020	Nov. 04, 2019	May 23, 2018
Hercules Loan Agreement [Member]
Extinguishment of Debt, Amount		$ 16,400,000
Payment for Debt Extinguishment or Debt Prepayment Cost		1,400,000
Gain (Loss) on Extinguishment of Debt, Total		$ (1,000,000.0)
Paycheck Protection Program CARES Act [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Long-term Debt, Total	$ 2,815,200
Debt Instrument, Term (Year)	2 years
Debt Instrument, Interest Rate, Stated Percentage	1.00%
Hercules Loan Agreement [Member]
Long-term Debt, Percentage Bearing Fixed Interest, Percentage Rate			10.05%
Debt Instrument, Fee Amount			$ 400,000
Debt Issuance Costs, Net, Total			$ 1,100,000
Percentage of Prepayment Fee, First Year After Initial Funding Date			3.00%
Percentage of Prepayment Fee, Second Year After Initial Funding Date			2.00%
Percentage of Prepayment Fee, Third Year After Initial Funding Date and Thereafter			1.00%
Debt Instrument, Prepayment, Final Fee, Percentage			6.95%
Percentage of Outstanding Principal Balance of Term Loan Required to be Maintained			120.00%
Percentage of Maintained Cash and Investment Property in Accounts of Aggregate Cash of Parent and Subsidiaries			80.00%
Debt Instrument, Collateral Amount			$ 2,000,000.0
Hercules Loan Agreement [Member] \| Prime Rate [Member]
Debt Instrument, Basis Spread on Variable Rate			5.00%

Note 9 - Warrants (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Feb. 24, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 10, 2020	Apr. 28, 2017
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding (in shares)			46,461,630
Stock issued During Period, Value, Exchange of Shares for Warrants		$ 2,470
Preferred Stock Dividends and Other Adjustments, Total			$ 400
Common Stock [Member]
Stock issued During Period, Shares, Exchange of Shares for Warrants (in shares)		2,041,000
Stock issued During Period, Value, Exchange of Shares for Warrants		$ 2
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Stock issued During Period, Value, Exchange of Shares for Warrants		$ 2,468
Exchange Agreement [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Stock issued During Period, Shares, Exchange of Shares for Warrants (in shares)	2,040,757
Exchange Agreement [Member] \| Additional Paid-in Capital [Member]
Stock issued During Period, Value, Exchange of Shares for Warrants	$ 2,500
Series B Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right (in shares)					0.058
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding (in shares)	3,638,780
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights (in dollars per share)			$ 0.37		$ 13.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights (in shares)			530,381
Series B Warrant [Member] \| Exchange Agreement [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right (in shares)	0.61
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding (in shares)	3,373,900
Series C Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right (in shares)				1
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding (in shares)				25,367,646
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights (in dollars per share)				$ 0.68
Series D Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Each Warrant or Right (in shares)				1
Class of Warrant or Right, Outstanding (in shares)				25,367,646
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights (in dollars per share)				$ 0.68

Note 9 - Warrants - Warrants (Details)	6 Months Ended
Note 9 - Warrants - Warrants (Details)	Jun. 30, 2020 $ / shares shares
Number of Warrants Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	46,461,630
Warrant One [Member]
Exercise Prices (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.37
Number of Warrants Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	530,381
Range of Expiration Dates	May 2022
Warrant Two [Member]
Exercise Prices (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.68
Number of Warrants Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	45,823,528
Range of Expiration Dates	March 2021 - March 2025
Warrant Three [Member]
Number of Warrants Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	107,721
Range of Expiration Dates	September 2021 - September 2027
Warrant Three [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Exercise Prices (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 13.00
Warrant Three [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Exercise Prices (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 52.20

Note 10 - Equity Offerings (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands				3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended		18 Months Ended
	Jul. 06, 2020	Mar. 10, 2020	Aug. 12, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Mar. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019	Apr. 28, 2017
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)											$ 1.00
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)				$ 0.01			$ 0.01		$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net							$ 13,525	$ 0
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises							$ 3,340	$ 534
Common Stock [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)					7,030,000
Stock Issued During Period Shares Stock Options and Warrants Exercised (in shares)						25,000	4,900,000		12,000
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares)				4,884,000	3,053,000		7,900,000
Preferred Stock [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)					0
Stock Issued During Period Shares Stock Options and Warrants Exercised (in shares)						0			0
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, Conversion of Convertible Securities (in shares)				(4,884,000)	(3,053,000)		7,900,000
Series C Warrants [Member]
Proceeds from Warrant Exercises							$ 3,300
Series A Preferred Stock [Member]
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.01
The 2019 Sales Agreement [Member]
Aggregate Number of Shares of Common Stock Available for Sale in Offering (in shares)			25,000,000.0
Agency Commission as Percentage from Proceeds from Sale Of Common Stock Gross			3.00%
Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net		$ 13,500
Public Offering [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)	42,857,142
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.35
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net	$ 13,700
Public Offering [Member] \| Common Stock [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)					14,122,000
Public Offering [Member] \| Preferred Stock [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)					7,937,000
Public Offering [Member] \| Series C Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights (in shares)		3,308,823
Public Offering [Member] \| Series D Warrants [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights (in shares)		3,308,823
Public Offering [Member] \| Class A Units [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)		14,121,766
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.68
Public Offering [Member] \| Class B Units [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)		7,937,057
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)		$ 0.68

Note 10 - Equity Offerings - Summary of Sales Under Offering (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Apr. 28, 2017
Average price per share (in dollars per share)			$ 1.00
Net proceeds	$ 13,525	$ 0
ATM Offering [Member]
Total shares of common stock sold (in shares)	6,687,846
Average price per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.73
Gross proceeds	$ 11,558
Commissions earned by Cantor	346
Net proceeds	$ 11,212

Note 11 - Restructuring (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020
Restructuring Charges, Total	$ 8,800	$ 858
Restructuring Reserve, Ending Balance	882	988
Accrued Expense [Member]
Restructuring Reserve, Ending Balance		1,000
Inventory Write Down [Member] \| Cost of Sales [Member]
Restructuring Charges, Total	7,400
Employee Severance [Member]
Restructuring Charges, Total		$ 900
Employee Severance [Member] \| Restructuring and Other Charges [Member]
Restructuring Charges, Total	$ 1,400

Note 11 - Restructuring - Restructuring Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020
Balance		$ 882
Amount charged to operating expenses	$ 8,800	858
Cash payments		(752)
Balance	$ 882	$ 988

Note 12 - Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019
Earnings Per Share, Potentially Dilutive Securities, Warrants (in shares)		100,000		100,000
Fair Value Adjustment of Warrants	$ 114	$ (2,528)	$ 269	$ (2,422)
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)			4,278,967	1,991,111
Warrant [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)			46,461,630	107,719
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) [Member]
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share, Amount (in shares)			3,036,176	476,263

Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) $ in Thousands, € in Millions	Dec. 30, 2016 EUR (€) shares	Sep. 21, 2015 shares	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2019 USD ($)
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Total			$ 2,278	$ 1,084
Senhance Surgical Robotic System Acquisition [Member]
Business Acquisition, Equity Interest Issued or Issuable, Number of Shares (in shares) \| shares	286,360	1,195,647
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability, Total			$ 2,300	$ 1,100
Business Combination, Consideration Transferred, Equity Interests Issued and Issuable \| €	€ 5

Note 14 - Subsequent Events (Details Textual) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			6 Months Ended
	Jul. 06, 2020	Mar. 10, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2019	Jul. 31, 2020	Apr. 28, 2017
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)						$ 1.00
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net			$ 13,525	$ 0
Series B Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights (in dollars per share)			$ 0.37			$ 13.00
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights (in shares)			530,381
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Restricted Cash Held with Silicon Valley Bank [Member]
Restricted Cash, Total					$ 500
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Silicon Valley Bank [Member]
Letters of Credit Outstanding, Amount					$ 500
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Office, Lab and Warehouse Space in Durham, North Carolina [Member]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Lease Not yet Commenced, Term of Contract (Month)					125 months
Lessee, Operating Lease, Lease Not yet Commenced, Renewal Term (Year)					5 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Liability, to be Paid, Total					$ 5,000
Subsequent Event [Member] \| Series B Warrant [Member]
Class of Warrant or Right, Exercise Price of Warrants or Rights (in dollars per share)	$ 0.35
Class of Warrant or Right, Number of Securities Called by Warrants or Rights (in shares)	567,660
Public Offering [Member]
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net		$ 13,500
Public Offering [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Stock Issued During Period, Shares, New Issues (in shares)	42,857,142
Shares Issued, Price Per Share (in dollars per share)	$ 0.35
Proceeds from Issuance of Equity Net	$ 13,700