Form 20-F
2024-03-312030-03-31false2020FY0000313838M0NYJPU.S. GAAPFinance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations and other as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.4,910 million yen and 7,771 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020. In the consolidated balance sheets, 2,386 million yen are included as marketable securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 4,910 million yen and 5,385 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.173,964 million yen and 188,426 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 33,391 million yen and 34,502 million yen are included as marketable securities and 140,573 million yen and 153,924 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.185,195 million yen and 193,430 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.Earning effects are included in financial services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income. Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net for available-for-sale securities and included in debt valuation adjustments for future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased. Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available. Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to the acquisition of EMI Music Publishing in the Music segment. Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 relate mainly to the acquisition of Insomniac Games, Inc. in the G&NS segment, Silvergate Media in the Pictures segment and AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. in the Financial Services segment. Refer to Note 25.Includes approximately 51 percent and 37 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 49 percent and 63 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.Includes approximately 48 percent and 36 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 52 percent and 64 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 50 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 49 percent and 45 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 5 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.Represents commodity futures funds.Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts. Includes primarily foreign equity securities.Includes primarily foreign government debt securities.Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities. Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.Primarily consists of translation adjustments.Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.Receivables from contracts with customers and contract assets are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets” and “Other”, non-current.Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and non-current.For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include the potential for sales-based or usage-based royalties to exceed the minimum guarantees, and these additional royalties are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.Other associated costs includes non-cash write-downs and disposals, netA portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.Refer to Notes 5 and 25.Refer to Note 5.Refer to Notes 25 and 26.Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. 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Table of Contents
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form
 20-F
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
or
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
or
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the transition period from/to
or
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Date of event requiring this shell company report:
Commission file number
1-6439
Sony Kabushiki Kaisha
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
SONY CORPORATION
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
Japan
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
7-1, KONAN 1-CHOME,
MINATO-KU,
TOKYO 108-0075 JAPAN
(Address of principal executive offices)
J. Justin Hill, Senior Vice President, Finance & Investor Relations
Sony Corporation of America
25 Madison Avenue, 26
th
Floor
New York, NY 10010-8601
Telephone:
212-833-6722
E-mail:
ir@sony.com
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
         
Title of Each Class
 
Trading Symbol(s)
 
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
American Depositary Shares
*
 
SNE
 
New York Stock Exchange
Common Stock
**
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* American Depositary Shares evidenced by American Depositary Receipts.
 Each American Depositary Share represents one share of Common Stock.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
**
No par value per share. Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing of American Depositary Shares pursuant to the requirements of the New York Stock Exchange.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the Annual Report:
                 
 
Outstanding as of
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
Title of Class
 
(Tokyo Time)
 
 
(New York Time)
 
Common Stock
 
 
1,220,159,940
 
 
 
 
 
American Depositary Shares
   
     
114,612,168
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  
    No  
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.    Yes  
    No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  
    No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  
    No  
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a
non-accelerated
filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.
             
  Large accelerated filer
 
  Accelerated filer
 
  
Non-accelerated
filer
 
  Emerging growth company
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 
13(a) of the Exchange Act.  
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
             
US GAAP  
 
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board  
   
Other  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
             
Item 17  
   
   
Item 18  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
 12b-2
of the Exchange Act).
             
Yes  
   
   
No  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Table of Contents
Cautionary Statement
Statements made in this document with respect to Sony’s current plans, estimates, strategies and beliefs and other statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements about the future performance of Sony. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those statements using words such as “believe,” “expect,” “plans,” “strategy,” “prospects,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “project,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “intend,” “seek,” “may,” “might,” “could” or “should,” and words of similar meaning in connection with a discussion of future operations, financial performance, events or conditions. From time to time, oral or written forward-looking statements may also be included in other materials released to the public. These statements are based on management’s assumptions, judgments and beliefs in light of the information currently available to it. Sony cautions investors that a number of important risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements, and therefore investors should not place undue reliance on them. Investors also should not rely on any obligation of Sony to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Sony disclaims any such obligation. Risks and uncertainties that might affect Sony include, but are not limited to:
  (i) Sony’s ability to maintain product quality and customer satisfaction with its products and services;
  (ii) Sony’s ability to continue to design and develop and win acceptance of, as well as achieve sufficient cost reductions for, its products and services, including image sensors, game and network platforms, smartphones and televisions, which are offered in highly competitive markets characterized by severe price competition and continual new product and service introductions, rapid development in technology and subjective and changing customer preferences;
  (iii) Sony’s ability to implement successful hardware, software, and content integration strategies, and to develop and implement successful sales and distribution strategies in light of new technologies and distribution platforms;
  (iv) the effectiveness of Sony’s strategies and their execution, including but not limited to the success of Sony’s acquisitions, joint ventures, investments, capital expenditures, restructurings and other strategic initiatives;
  (v) changes in laws, regulations and government policies in the markets in which Sony and its third-party suppliers, service providers and business partners operate, including those related to taxation, as well as growing consumer focus on corporate social responsibility;
  (vi) Sony’s continued ability to identify the products, services and market trends with significant growth potential, to devote sufficient resources to research and development, to prioritize investments and capital expenditures correctly and to recoup its investments and capital expenditures, including those required for technology development and product capacity;
  (vii) Sony’s reliance on external business partners, including for the procurement of parts, components, software and network services for its products or services, the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of its products, and its other business operations;
  (viii) the global economic and political environment in which Sony operates and the economic and political conditions in Sony’s markets, particularly levels of consumer spending;
  (ix) Sony’s ability to meet operational and liquidity needs as a result of significant volatility and disruption in the global financial markets or a ratings downgrade;
  (x) Sony’s ability to forecast demands, manage timely procurement and control inventories;
  (xi) foreign exchange rates, particularly between the yen and the U.S. dollar, the euro and other currencies in which Sony makes significant sales and incurs production costs, or in which Sony’s assets, liabilities and operating results are denominated;
  (xii) Sony’s ability to recruit, retain and maintain productive relations with highly skilled personnel;
  (xiii) Sony’s ability to prevent unauthorized use or theft of intellectual property rights, to obtain or renew licenses relating to intellectual property rights and to defend itself against claims that its products or services infringe the intellectual property rights owned by others;
2

Table of Contents
  (xiv) the impact of changes in interest rates and unfavorable conditions or developments (including market fluctuations or volatility) in the Japanese equity markets on the revenue and operating income of the Financial Services segment;
  (xv) shifts in customer demand for financial services such as life insurance and Sony’s ability to conduct successful asset liability management in the Financial Services segment;
  (xvi) risks related to catastrophic disasters, pandemic disease or similar events;
  (xvii) the ability of Sony, its third-party service providers or business partners to anticipate and manage cybersecurity risk, including the risk of unauthorized access to Sony’s business information and the personally identifiable information of its employees and customers, potential business disruptions or financial losses; and
  (xviii) the outcome of pending and/or future legal and/or regulatory proceedings.
Risks and uncertainties also include the impact of any future events with material adverse impact. The continued impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019
(“COVID-19”)
could heighten many of the risks and uncertainties noted above.
Important information regarding risks and uncertainties is also set forth elsewhere in this annual report, including in “Risk Factors” under “Item 3.
Key Information
,” “Item 4.
Information on the Company
,” “Item 5.
 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
,” “Legal Proceedings” included in “Item 8.
Financial Information
,” Sony’s consolidated financial statements referenced in “Item 8.
Financial Information
” and “Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
.”
In this document, Sony Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries are together referred to as “Sony” or “Sony Group.” In addition, sales and operating revenue are referred to as “sales” in the narrative description except in the consolidated financial statements.
3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
         
   
6
 
   
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6
 
   
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7
 
   
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18
 
   
20
 
   
29
 
   
30
 
   
31
 
   
31
 
   
31
 
   
50
 
   
51
 
   
52
 
   
57
 
   
58
 
   
59
 
   
65
 
   
65
 
   
66
 
   
66
 
   
71
 
   
76
 
   
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86
 
   
86
 
   
86
 
   
87
 
   
87
 
   
87
 
   
87
 
   
87
 
   
88
 
   
88
 
   
88
 
   
88
 
   
89
 
   
89
 
   
89
 
   
89
 
   
89
 
   
89
 
   
89
 
   
89
 
   
97
 
   
97
 
   
101
 
   
104
 
   
104
 
   
104
 
   
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104
 
   
106
 
   
106
 
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106
 
   
106
 
   
106
 
   
108
 
   
108
 
   
108
 
   
109
 
   
109
 
   
109
 
   
110
 
   
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118
 
   
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5

Table of Contents
 
Item  1.
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
Not Applicable
Item 2.
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not Applicable
Item 3.
Key Information
A.
Selected Financial Data
                                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2016
   
2017
   
2018
   
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions, yen per share amounts)
 
Income statement data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and operating revenue
   
8,105,712
     
7,603,250
     
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
   
 
8,259,885
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies
   
2,238
     
3,563
     
8,569
     
(2,999
)  
 
9,637
 
Operating income
   
294,197
     
288,702
     
734,860
     
894,235
   
 
845,459
 
Income before income taxes
   
304,504
     
251,619
     
699,049
     
1,011,648
   
 
799,450
 
Income taxes
   
94,789
     
124,058
     
151,770
     
45,098
   
 
177,190
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
147,791
     
73,289
     
490,794
     
916,271
   
 
582,191
 
Comprehensive income (loss)
   
(44,915
)    
143,652
     
553,220
     
995,542
   
 
666,032
 
Data per share of Common Stock:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders*
   
     
     
     
   
 
 
— Basic
   
119.40
     
58.07
     
388.32
     
723.41
   
 
471.64
 
— Diluted
   
117.49
     
56.89
     
379.75
     
707.74
   
 
461.23
 
Cash dividends declared Interim
   
10.00
     
10.00
     
12.50
     
15.00
   
 
20.00
 
   
(8.09 cents
)    
(8.79 cents
)    
(11.11 cents
)    
(13.18 cents
)  
 
(18.38 cents
)
Cash dividends declared Fiscal
year-end
   
10.00
     
10.00
     
15.00
     
20.00
   
 
25.00
 
   
(9.01 cents
)    
(9.13 cents
)    
(13.75 cents
)    
(18.28 cents
)  
 
(22.76 cents
)
Balance sheet data:
   
     
     
     
   
 
 
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity
   
2,463,340
     
2,497,246
     
2,967,366
     
3,746,377
   
 
4,125,306
 
Common stock
   
858,867
     
860,645
     
865,678
     
874,291
   
 
880,214
 
Net assets
   
3,124,410
     
3,135,422
     
3,647,157
     
4,436,690
   
 
4,789,535
 
Total assets**
   
16,673,390
     
17,660,556
     
19,065,538
     
20,981,586
   
 
23,039,343
 
Number of shares issued at fiscal
year-end
(thousands of shares of common stock)
   
1,262,494
     
1,263,764
     
1,266,552
     
1,271,230
   
 
1,261,059
 
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity per share of common stock
   
1,952.79
     
1,977.72
     
2,344.96
     
2,995.31
   
 
3,380.96
 
* Refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements.
** As of April 1, 2019, Sony adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”)
2016-02,
which amends leasing guidance. Sony adopted the ASU on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. Refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements.
B.
Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not Applicable
C.
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not Applicable
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D.
Risk Factors
This section contains forward-looking statements that are subject to the Cautionary Statement appearing on page 2 of this annual report. Risks to Sony are also discussed elsewhere in this annual report, including, without limitation in the other sections of this annual report referred to in the Cautionary Statement.
The coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic has adversely affected, and is expected to continue to adversely affect, Sony’s business operations, operating results and financial condition.
The COVID-19 pandemic is adversely affecting the production, development, sale and distribution of the products and services in each of Sony’s business segments, and this negative impact is expected to continue in the future. For example, in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”) segment, there has been an adverse impact on the production of hardware due to issues in the component supply chain. In the Music segment, CDs and other packaged media sales are decreasing due to restrictions on going outside, and ticket, merchandising and video revenues are decreasing as concerts and other events are being postponed and cancelled in Japan and other areas. In the Pictures segment, box office revenue has been impacted by the closure of movie theaters around the world, and Sony generally has not been able to release its already completed titles in theaters. In the Electronics Products & Solutions (“EP&S”) segment, certain of Sony’s manufacturing sites ceased production for a period of time pursuant to local government policy, and a portion of supply continues to be insufficient to meet demand. Additionally, some partner companies that supply components to several of Sony’s businesses have reduced their operations, causing a delay in the production of some Sony products due to component shortages.
In the Financial Services segment, pursuant to the announcement of a state of emergency by the Japanese government, all
in-person
sales activity of the Lifeplanner
®
salespeople at Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“Sony Life”) was suspended from April 2020 to May 2020. The impact that these and other
COVID-19-related
factors have had on Sony’s ability to produce, develop, sell and distribute the products and services of each of Sony’s business segments is further discussed in “Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
The timing and extent to which the pandemic further negatively impacts Sony’s business could vary greatly depending on future developments, such as the possible further spread of or a resurgence in
COVID-19,
as well as the state of lockdowns and other measures in various geographic areas around the world. For example, in the G&NS segment, hardware production and game software development could continue to be delayed due to the impact of
COVID-19.
The Music segment may continue to be negatively impacted by delays in the release of new music and a global reduction in advertising licensing revenue, and the Pictures segment may continue to be negatively impacted by delays in the production and release schedules of new motion pictures and TV shows, as well as by the global reduction in advertising revenue. The EP&S segment could continue to be adversely impacted by factory shutdowns and supply chain issues, and by the closure of retail stores globally. The Imaging & Sensing Solutions (“I&SS”) segment may be negatively impacted by a decline in demand in the smartphone market, and the Financial Services segment may continue to be negatively affected by the prohibition against all
in-person
sales activity of the Lifeplanner
®
salespeople at Sony Life.
The continued impact of
COVID-19
could heighten many of the risks and uncertainties noted below.
Sony must overcome increasingly intense competition, which could lead to lower revenue or operating margins.
Sony has several business segments in different industries with many product and service categories, which cause it to compete with many existing and new competitors ranging from large multinational companies to highly specialized entities that focus on only one or a few businesses and also, potentially, with outsourced manufacturing service partners that currently supply products to Sony. These competitors may have greater financial, technical, labor and marketing resources available to them than those available to Sony. Sony’s financial condition and operating results depend on its ability to efficiently anticipate and respond to these established and new competitors.
The competitive factors Sony faces vary depending on the nature of the business. For example, Sony’s electronics businesses compete on the basis of various factors including price and function, while Sony’s Music and Pictures businesses compete for talent, such as artists, songwriters, actors, directors and producers, and for entertainment content that is created, acquired, licensed and/or distributed. Competition on price can lead to lower margins when costs do not fall at a proportional rate, and competition for talent and appealing product can also lead to lower profitability if the higher costs required for such talent and content cannot be recouped through greater sales. Moreover, even for those products where Sony believes it has a strong competitive advantage, such as image sensors, it is possible that its competitors’ technological capabilities will accelerate such that Sony would be unable to maintain its advantageous market position. In its consumer electronics businesses, to produce
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products that appeal to changing and increasingly diverse consumer preferences or to overcome the fact that a relatively high percentage of consumers already possess similar products, Sony must develop superior technology, anticipate consumer tastes and rapidly develop attractive and differentiated products with competitive prices and features. Sony faces increasingly intense pricing pressure from competitors, retailer consolidation, new sales/distribution channels and shorter product cycles in a variety of consumer product categories. In the Music and Pictures segments, operating results can be impacted by worldwide consumer acceptance of their products, which is difficult to predict, by competing products released at or near the same time and by alternative forms of entertainment and leisure activities available to consumers. Additionally, the spread of
COVID-19
starting in the beginning of the 2020 calendar year resulted in lockdowns around the world, which are influencing changes in consumer behavior.
If Sony is unable to maintain its advantageous market position in the fields in which it has a technological or other competitive advantage, Sony is unable to effectively anticipate and counter the ongoing price erosion that frequently affects its consumer products or the cost pressures affecting its businesses, there is a change in existing business models or consumer preferences, or the average prices of Sony’s products decrease faster than Sony is able to reduce manufacturing costs, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.
To remain competitive and stimulate customer demand, Sony must invest in research and development to achieve product and service innovations and successfully manage frequent introductions of such new products and services.
To strengthen the competitiveness of its products and services, Sony continues to invest in research and development (“R&D”), particularly in growth areas such as image sensors and the G&NS segment. However, Sony may not be successful in investing in R&D if it fails to identify products, services and market trends with significant growth potential. In addition, Sony’s investments may not yield the innovation or the expected results quickly enough, or competitors may lead Sony in technological innovation. This may hinder Sony’s ability to commercialize new and competitive products and services.
In the consumer electronics, network services and smartphone businesses, Sony must continually introduce, enhance and stimulate customer demand for products and services. Sales of these products and services are particularly sensitive to the significant weighting of consumer demand to the
year-end
holiday season. In Sony’s G&NS segment, the successful introduction and penetration of gaming platforms, including streaming, is a significant factor driving sales and profitability, and this success is affected by the ability to provide customers with attractive software
 line-ups
and online services. However, there is no assurance that third-party software developers and publishers, major contributors to this effort, will continue to develop and release software. In addition, Sony believes that integrating its hardware, software, entertainment content and network services, and investing in R&D to effect such integration, is essential in generating revenue growth and profitability. However, this strategy depends on its ability to further develop network services technologies, coordinate and prioritize strategic and operational issues among Sony’s various business units and sales channels, continually introduce enhanced and competitively priced hardware that is seamlessly connected to network platforms with user interfaces that are innovative and attractive to consumers and also standardize technological and interface specifications industry-wide and across Sony’s networked products and business units. In addition, the G&NS, Music and Pictures segments must invest substantial amounts, which may include significant upfront investments, in internally developed software titles, artist advances, catalog acquisitions, motion picture productions, television productions and broadcast programming before knowing whether their products will receive customer acceptance. Furthermore, underperformance of Pictures’ products in the initial distribution market is correlated with weak performance in subsequent distribution markets, which would have an adverse effect on Sony’s results in the year of initial release as well as future years.
The successful introductions of, and transitions to, new products and services depend on a number of factors, such as the timely and successful completion of development efforts, market acceptance, planning and executing an effective marketing strategy, managing new product introductions, managing production
ramp-up
issues, the availability of application software for new products, quality control and the concentration of consumer demand in the
year-end
holiday season. If Sony cannot achieve the expected results from its investment in R&D, adequately manage frequent introductions of new products and services and obtain consumer acceptance of its new products and services, or if Sony is not successful in implementing its integration strategy, Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.
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Sony’s strategic initiatives, including acquisitions, joint ventures, investments, capital expenditures and restructurings, may not be successful in achieving their strategic objectives.
Sony actively engages in acquisitions, joint ventures, capital expenditures and other strategic investments to acquire new technologies, efficiently develop new businesses and enhance its business competitiveness. For example, on November 18, 2019, Sony acquired the entirety of the remaining 42% equity interest it did not already own in Game Show Network, LLC (“Game Show Network”), making Game Show Network a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.
When making acquisitions, Sony’s financial results may be adversely affected by the significant cost of the acquisition and/or integration expenses, failure to achieve synergies, failure to generate expected revenue and cost improvements, loss of key personnel and assumption of liabilities.
When establishing joint ventures and strategic partnerships, Sony’s financial and operating results may be adversely affected by strategic or cultural differences with partners, conflicts of interest, failure to achieve synergies, additional funding or debt guarantees required to maintain the joint venture or partnership, requirements to buy out a joint venture partner, sell its shares or dissolve a partnership, insufficient management control including control over cash flow, loss of proprietary technology and
know-how,
impairment losses and reputational harm from the actions or activities of a joint venture that uses the Sony brand.
Sony invests heavily in production facilities and equipment, including fabrication facilities used to make image sensors for smartphones and other products. Sony may not be able to recover these capital expenditures in part or full or in the planned timeframe due to the competitive environment, lower-than-expected consumer demand or changes in the financial condition or business decisions of Sony’s major customers. Sony invested 128.9 billion yen and 265.7 billion yen of capital in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, mainly for the purpose of increasing image sensor production capacity.
Further, Sony is implementing restructuring and transformation initiatives to enhance profitability, business autonomy and shareholder value and to clearly position each business within the overall business portfolio. For example, Sony transferred its battery business to Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Group in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. However, the expected benefits of these initiatives, including the expected level of profitability, may not be realized due to internal and external impediments or market conditions worsening beyond expectations. If Sony is not successful in achieving its restructuring and transformation initiatives, Sony’s operating results, financial condition, reputation, competitiveness or profitability may be adversely affected. Sony incurred restructuring charges in the amount of 22.4 billion yen, 33.1 billion yen and 25.0 billion yen in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
Sony’s sales and profitability may be affected by the operating performance of wholesalers, retailers, other resellers and third-party distributors.
Sony is dependent for the distribution of its products on wholesalers, retailers, other resellers and third-party distributors, many of whom also distribute competitors’ products. For example, in some cases, Sony’s smartphones sold through cellular network carriers are subsidized by the carriers. There is no assurance that such subsidies will be continued at all or in the same amounts upon renewal of Sony’s agreements with these carriers or in agreements Sony enters into with new carriers. In addition, the Pictures segment depends on third parties to theatrically exhibit its motion pictures, and to operate cable, satellite, internet and other distribution systems to distribute its motion pictures and television programming; a decline in the licensing fees received from these third parties may adversely affect the Pictures segment’s sales. The Pictures segment’s worldwide television networks are also distributed on third-party cable, satellite and other distribution systems and the failure to renew, or renewal on less favorable terms of, television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) with these third-party distributors may adversely affect the Pictures segment’s ability to generate advertising and subscription sales through these networks.
Sony invests in programs to incentivize wholesalers, retailers, and other resellers and third-party distributors to position and promote Sony’s products, but there is no assurance that these programs will provide a significant return or incremental revenue by persuading consumers to buy Sony products instead of competitors’ products.
The operating results and financial condition of many wholesalers, retailers, other resellers and third-party distributors have been adversely impacted by competition, especially from online retailers, and weak economic conditions. If their financial condition continues to weaken, they stop distributing Sony’s products, or uncertainty regarding demand for Sony’s products or other factors cause them to reduce their ordering, marketing, subsidizing, or distributing Sony’s products, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely
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impacted. For example, starting in the beginning of the 2020 calendar year, the spread of
COVID-19
led to the closure of retail stores and other businesses globally which is negatively impacting sales of Sony’s products.
As a global company, Sony is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations and a growing consumer focus on corporate social responsibility in many countries. Those laws and regulations, as well as consumer focus, might change in significant ways, leading to an increase in the costs of Sony’s operations, a curtailment of Sony’s activities, and/or an adverse effect on Sony’s reputation.
As a global company, Sony is subject to the laws and regulations of many countries throughout the world that affect its business operations in a number of areas, including advertising, promotions, consumer protection, import and export requirements, anti-corruption, anti-competition, environmental protection, privacy, data protection, content and broadcast regulation, labor, taxation, foreign investment, government procurement, foreign exchange controls, and economic sanctions, as well as laws relating to the collection, use, retention, security and transfer of personally identifiable information.
Compliance with these laws and regulations may be onerous and expensive. These laws and regulations continue to develop and may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, further increasing the cost of compliance and doing business. Any such developments could occur frequently and without warning, and could make Sony’s products or services less attractive to its customers, delay or prohibit introduction of new products or services in one or more regions or cause Sony to change or limit its business practices. For example, imposition of restrictive trade measures in the United States and elsewhere, as well as retaliatory actions against such measures, could result in increased customs duties applicable to Sony’s products or increased costs for procuring parts and components, and could limit or prohibit the sales of Sony’s products and services to certain of its current or potential customers, which may adversely affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition. In addition, changes in laws or regulations or the judicial interpretation thereof that Sony relies on or Sony is subject to in conducting its operations, including online operations, as well as Sony’s failure to anticipate such changes, may subject Sony to greater risk of liability, increase the costs of compliance, or limit Sony’s ability to engage in or expand certain operations or lead to discontinuance of certain operations.
Violation of applicable laws or regulations by Sony, its employees, third-party suppliers, business partners and agents may subject Sony to fines, penalties, legal judgments, restrictions on business operations and/or reputational damage. Additionally, there is a growing global regulatory and consumer focus on corporate social responsibility and sourcing practices and increasing regulatory obligations of public disclosure regarding these matters. In particular, there is increased attention on labor practices, including work environments at electronic component manufacturers and original design manufacturing/original equipment manufacturing, or ODM/OEM, product manufacturers operating in Asia. Increased regulation or public pressure in this area could cause Sony’s compliance costs to increase, particularly since Sony uses many parts, components and materials to manufacture its products and relies on suppliers to provide these parts, components and materials but does not directly control the suppliers’ procurement or employment practices. A finding of
 non-compliance,
 or the perception that Sony has not responded appropriately to growing consumer concern for such issues, whether or not Sony is legally required to do so, may adversely affect Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.
Sony must manage its large volume of and widespread procurement from third-party suppliers and business partners to control inventory levels, availability, costs and quality of parts, components, software and network services within volatile markets.
Sony’s products and services rely on a large volume of third-party suppliers and business partners for parts, components, software and network services, including semiconductors, chipsets for PlayStation game consoles and mobile products, LCD (liquid crystal display) panels and the Android OS that is used in mobile products, televisions and services. External suppliers’ and partners’ shortages, fluctuations in pricing, quality issues, discontinued support, changes in business terms or prioritization of customers outside the electronics sector or of Sony’s competitors can adversely affect Sony’s operating results, brand and reputation. Reliance on third-party software and technologies may make it increasingly difficult for Sony to differentiate its products from competitors’ products. Also, shortages or delayed shipments of critical parts or components may result in a reduction or suspension of production at Sony’s or its business partners’ manufacturing sites, particularly where Sony is substantially reliant on one supplier, where there is limited production capacity for custom parts or components, or where there are initial manufacturing capacity constraints for products, parts or components that use new technologies.
Sony places orders for parts and components in line with production and inventory plans determined in advance based on its forecast of consumer demand, which is highly volatile and difficult to predict. Inaccurate
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forecasts of consumer demand or inadequate business planning can lead to a shortage or excess inventory, which can disrupt production plans and result in lost sales opportunities or inventory adjustments, respectively. Sony writes down the value of its inventory when the underlying parts, components or products have become obsolete, when inventory levels exceed the amount expected to be used, or when the value of the inventory is otherwise recorded at a value higher than net realizable value. Such lost sales opportunities, inventory adjustments, or shortages of parts and components have had and may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Sony’s sales, profitability and operations are sensitive to global and regional economic and political trends and conditions.
Sony’s sales and profitability are sensitive to economic trends in its major markets. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, 29.9%, 22.6% and 20.6% of Sony’s sales and operating revenue were attributable to Japan, the U.S. and Europe, respectively. These markets may be subject to significant economic downturns, resulting in an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition. An actual or expected deterioration of economic conditions in any of Sony’s major markets may result in a decline in consumers’ consumption and adverse impacts on the businesses of commercial customers, resulting in reduced demand for Sony’s products and services. For example, in the Pictures segment, a general decline in the economy may result in decreased overall spending within the advertising market and a decline in television networks’ ability to generate revenues, which could result in lower advertising revenues for Sony’s own networks and lower license fees paid by
third-party
networks for Sony’s content, which may adversely affect the Pictures segment’s revenues.
In addition, Sony’s operations are conducted in many countries and regions around the world, and these international operations, particularly in certain emerging markets, can create challenges. For example, in Sony’s electronics businesses and the G&NS segment, production and procurement of products, parts and components in China and other Asian countries and regions increase the time necessary to supply products to other markets worldwide, which can make it more difficult to meet changing customer demand in a timely manner. Further, in certain countries and regions, Sony may encounter difficulty in planning and managing operations due to unfavorable political or economic factors, such as armed conflicts, deterioration in foreign relations, changes in trade policies,
non-compliance
 with expected business conduct and a lack of adequate infrastructure. If international or domestic political and military instability disrupts Sony’s business operations or those of its business partners Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Foreign exchange rate fluctuations can affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Sony’s operating results and financial condition are sensitive to foreign exchange rate fluctuations because many of Sony’s products are sold in countries other than the ones in which they were developed and/or manufactured. For example, within Sony’s electronics businesses, research and development and headquarters’ overhead costs are incurred mainly in yen, and manufacturing costs, including material costs, costs of procurement of parts and components, and costs of outsourced manufacturing services, are incurred mainly in the U.S. dollar and yen. Sales are dispersed and recorded in Japanese yen, the U.S. dollar, euro, Chinese renminbi, and local currencies of other areas, including emerging markets. Consequently, foreign exchange rate fluctuations have had and may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results, especially when the yen or the euro weaken significantly against the U.S. dollar, when the yen strengthens significantly against the euro, or when the U.S. dollar strengthens against emerging market currencies. Sony’s operating results may also be adversely impacted by foreign exchange rate fluctuations since Sony’s consolidated statements of income are prepared by translating the local currency denominated operating results of its subsidiaries around the world into yen. Furthermore, as Sony’s businesses have expanded in China and other areas, including emerging markets, the impact of fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates in these areas against the U.S. dollar and yen has increased.
 Mid-
 to long-term changes in exchange rate levels may interfere with Sony’s global allocation of resources and hinder Sony’s ability to engage in research and development, procurement, production, logistics, and sales activities while maintaining profitability.
Although Sony seeks to reduce its exposure to foreign exchange risk by hedging a portion of its net short-term foreign currency exposure shortly before the transactions occur, such hedging activity may not offset any, or only a portion, of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in foreign exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place.
Moreover, since Sony’s consolidated balance sheet is prepared by translating the local currency denominated assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries around the world into yen, Sony’s equity capital may be adversely impacted when the yen strengthens significantly against the U.S. dollar, the euro and/or other foreign currencies.
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Ratings downgrades or significant volatility and disruption in the global financial markets may adversely affect the availability and cost of Sony’s funding.
Sony’s credit ratings may be adversely impacted by unfavorable operating results and a decline in its financial condition. Any credit rating downgrades may, in turn, result in an increase in Sony’s cost of funding and may have an adverse impact on Sony’s ability to access commercial paper or
 mid-
 to long-term debt markets on acceptable terms.
Additionally, global financial markets may experience significant levels of volatility and disruption, generally putting downward pressure on financial and other asset prices and impacting credit availability. Historically, Sony’s primary sources of funds have been cash flows from operations, the issuance of commercial paper and other debt securities, such as term debt, as well as borrowings from banks and other institutional lenders. There can be no assurance that such sources will continue to be available on acceptable terms or be sufficient to meet Sony’s needs.
As a result, Sony may seek other sources of financing to fund operations, such as the draw-down of funds from contractually committed lines of credit from financial institutions or the sale of assets, in order to repay commercial paper and
 mid-
 to long-term debt as they become due, and to meet other operational and liquidity needs. However, such funding sources may also not be available at acceptable terms or be sufficient to meet Sony’s requirements. As a result, Sony’s operating results, financial condition and liquidity may be adversely affected.
Sony’s success depends on the ability to recruit, retain and maintain productive relations with highly skilled personnel.
In order to continue to develop, design, manufacture, market, and sell products and services, in increasingly competitive markets, Sony must attract, retain and maintain productive relations with key personnel, both internally and externally, including its executive team, other management professionals, creative talent and other highly skilled employees such as hardware and software engineers. However, such key personnel are in high demand. In addition, business divestitures, restructuring or other transformation initiatives may lead to an unintended loss of experienced human resources or
 know-how.
Actual or threatened work slowdowns or stoppages related to unionized workers, particularly in the entertainment businesses, could lead to delayed releases or cost increases. If these incidents occur or if Sony is unable to attract, retain and maintain productive relations with its highly skilled employees and key management professionals, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Sony’s intellectual property might be subject to unauthorized use or theft and it might encounter restrictions in its use of intellectual property owned by third parties.
Sony’s intellectual property relating to Sony’s products and services, including those of the electronics businesses, such as image sensors, might be subject to unauthorized use or theft. For example, digital technology, the availability of digital media, and global internet penetration impact Sony’s ability to protect its copyrighted content from unauthorized duplication, digital theft and counterfeiting, putting pressure on legitimate product sales. Sony has incurred and will continue to incur expenses to help protect its intellectual property rights; however, Sony’s various initiatives to prevent such unauthorized use or theft of intellectual property might not achieve their intended result, which could adversely affect Sony’s competitive position and the value of its investment in R&D. Additionally, Sony’s intellectual property rights may be challenged or invalidated, or such intellectual property rights may not be sufficient to provide Sony with competitive advantages.
Many of Sony’s products and services are designed under the license of patents and other intellectual property rights owned by third parties. Based upon past experience and industry practice, Sony believes it will be able to obtain or renew licenses relating to various intellectual property rights that its business needs in the future; however, such licenses may not be available at all or on acceptable terms, and as a consequence Sony may need to redesign or discontinue its marketing, selling or distribution of such products or services.
Claims have been and may be asserted against Sony that its products or services, including third-party parts, components, software and network services used in Sony’s products or services, infringe the intellectual property rights of other parties. Such claims may be asserted by competitors or by other rights holders, particularly as products and services evolve to include new technologies and enhanced functionality. Such claims might require Sony to enter into settlement or license agreements, pay significant damage awards, face an injunction or refrain from marketing, selling or distributing certain of its products and services.
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The failure to prevent unauthorized use or theft of Sony’s intellectual property rights, the failure to enter into licenses for necessary third-party intellectual property rights, the invalidation of Sony’s intellectual property rights or the settlement of an infringement claim against Sony by others may adversely impact Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.
Changes in consumer behavior resulting from new technologies and distribution platforms, as well as increasing concentration of digital music distributors and creation of content by distributors themselves, may adversely affect operating results in Sony’s Music and Pictures segments.
Technology, particularly digital technology, used in the Music and Pictures segments continues to evolve, rapidly leading to alternative methods for the delivery, consumption and storage of digital content. These technological advancements have changed consumer behavior and empowered consumers to seek more control over when, where and how they consume digital content.
The prevalence of enhanced internet capabilities and other new media may continue to reduce the demand for packaged physical media and impact traditional television and
in-theater
motion picture viewership, which could negatively affect revenues from Sony’s Pictures segment.
Furthermore, as more music and video content is consumed over digital streaming networks, digital music distributors are becoming increasingly concentrated, which may decrease competition for Sony’s music content and adversely affect its pricing. In addition, digital music and video distributors may increase the amount of content they create for their own services, which may reduce the demand for content created or produced by Sony’s entertainment businesses. If Sony is unable to adequately respond to these changes or fails to effectively adapt to new market changes, Sony’s operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.
Changes in the regulation and performance of financial markets may adversely affect the operating results and financial condition of Sony’s Financial Services segment.
Sony’s Financial Services segment operates in industries subject to comprehensive regulation and supervision, including the Japanese insurance and banking industries. Future developments or changes in laws, regulations or policies may lead to increased compliance costs or limitations on operations in the Financial Services segment. In addition, Sony Corporation’s ability to receive funds from its affiliate Sony Financial Holdings Inc. in the form of financial support or loans is restricted by guidelines issued by regulatory agencies in Japan.
Changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and the value of Japanese government and corporate bonds, U.S. treasury bonds, equities, real estate and other asset classes may have an adverse effect on the operating results and financial condition of the Financial Services segment. For example, the life insurance business has invested most of its general account assets in ultra-long-term Japanese government and corporate bonds, as well as ultra-long-term U.S. treasury bonds, to match the liability characteristics of the long-term maturity insurance policies it has underwritten. The life insurance business has guaranteed yields on outstanding policies while its investment portfolio could be reduced by the market changes discussed above. The banking businesses have invested most of their total loan balance, or over half of their total assets, in their mortgage loans account. An increase in
non-performing
loans or a decline in prices of the real estate collateral from the market changes discussed above or deterioration of credit quality may have an adverse effect on operating results and financial condition through an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts.
The market changes discussed above, Sony’s management of these changes or the occurrence of earthquakes, pandemic disease or other catastrophic events in Japan could expose the life and
non-life
insurance businesses to increasing costs or adverse impact on their ability to meet policy commitments.
The insurance businesses’ policy reserves and deferred insurance acquisition costs are calculated based on many actuarial assumptions that are uncertain. Significant differences between these actuarial assumptions and actual situations may result in additional policy reserves being recorded and the accelerated amortization of deferred acquisition costs, through the changes of calculation assumptions. In particular, the insurance businesses calculate policy reserves and deferred insurance acquisition costs based on the actuarial assumptions, assuming the future schedule of insurance premium revenue, yield of investments, claims to be paid for occurrence of insured events and other factors. The review of these actuarial assumptions is required at least once in each fiscal year.
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Sony’s facilities and operations are subject to damage and disruption as a result of catastrophic disasters, outages or similar events that could lead to supply chain, manufacturing and other business disruptions and have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results.
Sony’s headquarters and many of Sony’s most advanced device manufacturing facilities, including those for semiconductors, are located in Japan, where the risk of earthquakes is relatively high. A major earthquake in Japan, especially in Tokyo, the Tokai area or the Kyushu and Tohoku areas, where Sony headquarters, certain product manufacturing sites and semiconductor manufacturing sites, respectively, are located, could cause substantial damage to Sony’s business operations, including damage to buildings, machinery, equipment and inventories, and the interruption of production at manufacturing facilities. For example, the earthquake of April 14, 2016 and subsequent earthquakes in the Kumamoto region in Japan caused damage to a semiconductor manufacturing site in Kyushu, which interrupted production at the site.
In addition, offices and facilities used by Sony, its suppliers, service providers and business partners, including those used for raw materials, parts, components, network, telecommunications and information systems infrastructure, R&D, material procurement, manufacturing, motion picture and television production, logistics, sales, and online and other services are located throughout the world and are subject to possible destruction, temporary stoppage or disruption as a result of unexpected catastrophic events such as natural disasters, pandemic diseases, terrorist attacks, large-scale power outages and large-scale fires. If any of these facilities or offices were to experience a significant loss as a result of any of the above events, it may disrupt Sony’s operations, delay design, development or production, interrupt shipments and postpone the recording of sales, and/or result in large expenses to repair or replace these facilities or offices. For example, starting in the beginning of the 2020 calendar year, production delays for a portion of Sony’s products occurred due to temporary shutdowns and reduced operations at
in-house
manufacturing plants, factories to which Sony outsources and at Sony’s third-party suppliers, as a result of the spread of
COVID-19.
Sony may also be exposed to price increases for raw materials, parts and components, and lower demand from commercial customers. These situations may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Sony’s brand image, reputation and business may be harmed and Sony may be subject to legal claims if there is a breach or other compromise of Sony’s information security or that of its third-party service providers or business partners.
Sony, its third-party service providers, suppliers and other business partners make extensive use of information technology to support business operations, and to provide network and online services to customers. These operations and services, as well as Sony’s business information, may be intentionally or inadvertently compromised by malicious third parties, including state-sponsored organizations, criminal organizations, Sony employees, third-party service providers or other business partners. Such organizations or individuals may use a variety and combination of techniques, such as installing malicious software, exploiting vulnerabilities in information technology, using social engineering to mislead employees and business partners into disclosing passwords and sensitive information, and coordinating distributed
denial-of-service
attacks to render services unavailable. As cyber-attacks become increasingly sophisticated and automated, and as tools and resources become more readily available, there can be no guarantee that Sony’s actions, security measures and controls designed to prevent, detect or respond to intrusion, to limit access to data, to prevent loss, destruction, alteration, or exfiltration of business information, or to limit the negative impact from such attacks can provide absolute security against compromise. As a result, Sony’s business information, including personal information, may be lost, destroyed, disclosed, misappropriated, altered, or accessed without consent, and Sony’s information technology systems or operations, or those of its service providers or other business partners, may be disrupted. Malicious adversaries may also use unauthorized access to Sony’s networks as a platform to compromise Sony’s third-party business partners without Sony’s knowledge. Sony has previously been the subject of sophisticated and targeted attacks. For example, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015, Sony’s Pictures segment was subject to a cyber-attack that resulted in unauthorized access to, and theft and disclosure of, Sony business information, including employee information and other information, and the destruction of data. Additionally, Sony’s network services, online game businesses and websites have been subject to cyber-attacks by groups and individuals with a range of motives and expertise, resulting in unauthorized access, denial of service, and the theft and/or disclosure of customer information.
Any of the above incidents can result in significant remediation costs. In addition, a disruption to Sony’s network and online services, information technology, or other compromise of its information security may have serious consequences to its business and operations, including lost revenues, damage to relationships with business partners and other third parties, disclosure, alteration, destruction or use of proprietary information and the failure to retain or attract customers. Moreover, such disruptions and breaches may result in a diversion of
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management’s attention and resources. Further, it may result in adverse media coverage, which may harm Sony’s brand image and reputation. Sony may also be subject to legal claims or legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations and actions. Sony’s cyber insurance may not cover all expenses and losses and, accordingly, such breaches or other compromises of Sony’s information security or that of its third-party service providers or business partners may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Sony’s business may suffer as a result of adverse outcomes of litigation and regulatory actions.
Sony faces the risk of litigation and regulatory actions in different countries in connection with its operations. Legal proceedings, including regulatory actions, may seek to recover very large indeterminate amounts or to limit Sony’s operations, and the possibility that they may arise and their magnitude may remain unknown for substantial periods of time. For example, legal proceedings, including regulatory actions, may result from antitrust scrutiny of market practices for anti-competitive conduct. A substantial legal liability or adverse regulatory outcome and the substantial cost to defend the litigation or regulatory actions may have an adverse effect on Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.
Sony is subject to financial and reputational risks due to product quality, product security, and liability issues.
Sony’s products and services, such as consumer products,
 non-consumer
 products, parts and components, semiconductors, software and network services are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complicated as rapid advancements in technologies occur and as demand increases for mobile products and online services. Also, many Sony products are connected to the internet, and regularly communicate with services provided by Sony or third parties.
Sony’s efforts to adapt to rapid advancements in technologies and increased demand for mobile products and online services, while also maintaining product quality and product security, may not be successful and may increase exposure to product liability. As a result, Sony may incur both reputational damages and expenses in connection with, for example, product recalls and after-sales services. In addition, Sony may not be successful in introducing after-sales upgrades, enhancements or new features to existing products and services, or in enabling existing products and services to continue to conveniently and effectively integrate with other technologies and online services. Moreover, cyber-attacks targeting internet-connected products have increased significantly. For example, customer information and Sony or third-party technical information may be misappropriated, the functionality of Sony’s products and services may be impaired, or Sony products may be used in
denial-of-service
attacks. There can be no guarantee that Sony’s security measures will prevent products from being compromised.
As a result, the quality of Sony’s existing products and services may not remain satisfactory to consumers and become less marketable, less competitive or obsolete, and Sony’s reputation, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. Moreover, allegations of security vulnerability, health and safety issues related to Sony products, or lawsuits related to product quality, health issues arising from products or product safety, regardless of merit, may adversely impact Sony’s operating results and financial condition, either directly or as a result of the impact on Sony’s brand image and reputation as a producer of high-quality products and services. These issues are relevant to Sony products sold directly to customers, whether manufactured by Sony or a third party, and also to products of other companies that are equipped with Sony’s components, such as semiconductors.
Sony’s financial results and condition may be adversely affected by its employee benefit obligations.
Sony recognizes an unfunded pension obligation for its defined benefit pension plans based on (i) the Projected Benefit Obligation (“PBO”) under each pension plan less (ii) the fair value of the pension plan’s assets, in accordance with the accounting guidance for defined benefit plans. Any decrease of the pension plan asset value or increases in the PBO due to a lower discount rate and changes in certain other actuarial assumptions may increase the unfunded pension obligations and may have an adverse effect on Sony’s financial results and condition.
Also, Sony’s financial results and condition could be adversely affected by future pension funding requirements pursuant to the Japanese Defined Benefit Corporate Pension Plan Act (“Act”). Under the Act, Sony is required to conduct a periodic actuarial revaluation and to ascertain whether certain financial criteria have been met after the annual accounting closing. In the event that the fair value of pension plan assets falls below the actuarial reserve required by law and the shortfall may not be recovered within a certain moratorium period permitted by laws and/or special legislative decree, Sony may be required to make an additional contribution to
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its plans, which may reduce cash flows. Similarly, if Sony is required to make an additional contribution to a foreign plan to meet any funding requirements in accordance with local laws and regulations in each country, Sony’s cash flows might be adversely affected. If Sony is required to increase cash contributions to its pension plans when actuarial assumptions, such as an expected long-term rate of return of the pension plan assets, are updated for purposes of determining statutory contributions, it may have an adverse impact on Sony’s cash flows.
Further losses in jurisdictions where Sony has established valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, the inability of Sony to fully utilize its deferred tax assets, limitations on the use of its deferred tax assets under local law, exposure to additional tax liabilities or changes in Sony’s tax rates could adversely affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Sony is subject to income taxes in Japan and numerous other jurisdictions, and in the ordinary course of its business there are many situations where the ultimate tax determination can be uncertain, because of the transfer pricing for its intercompany transactions, and because Sony is subject to continuous review by tax authorities of numerous jurisdictions. The calculation of Sony’s tax provision and the carrying value of tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards, require significant judgment and the use of estimates, including estimates of future taxable income. As additional evidence becomes available, Sony reassesses these assets to determine if they remain appropriate or whether a reduction by a valuation allowance is appropriate. As of March 31, 2020, total established valuation allowances were 608.2 billion yen. An increase in a valuation allowance may have an adverse impact on Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Deferred tax assets are evaluated on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. As of March 31, 2020, Sony and/or its subsidiaries had valuation allowances principally in Japan and the U.S. Additionally, deferred tax assets could expire unused or otherwise not be realizable for a variety of reasons including the lack of sufficient taxable income in the appropriate jurisdiction. Sony’s operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected when the deferred tax assets expire unused.
In some jurisdictions, the use of net operating loss carryforwards or tax credits to reduce taxable income in a subsequent period is limited to a fixed percentage of taxable income or may only be used to offset taxes on income from certain sources. Thus, it is possible that even with significant net operating loss carryforwards or tax credits, Sony could record and pay taxes in a jurisdiction where it has taxable income.
In addition to the above, Sony’s future effective tax rates may be unfavorably affected by changes in both the statutory rates and the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory rates or by other factors such as changes in tax laws and regulations or their interpretation, including limitations or restrictions on various tax deductions and credits, including deductions for royalties and interest. For example, compliance with the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) may require the use of estimates in Sony’s financial statements, and the exercise of significant judgment in accounting for its provisions. As regulations and guidance evolve with respect to the U.S. Tax Reform Act, Sony may make adjustments to amounts that have been previously recorded that may materially affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Sony could incur asset impairment charges for goodwill, intangible assets or other long-lived assets.
Sony has a significant amount of goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, including production facilities and equipment in its electronics businesses. A decline in financial performance, market capitalization, reduced estimates of future cash flows, changes in global economic conditions or changes in estimates and assumptions used in the impairment analysis, which in many cases requires significant judgment, could result in impairment charges against these assets. Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below the carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from or adjustments to established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries. The increased levels of global competition and the faster pace of technological change to which Sony is exposed can result in greater volatility of these estimates, assumptions and judgments, and increase the likelihood of impairment charges. In addition, the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets held and used and long-lived assets to be disposed of is reviewed whenever events or changes in circumstances, including the types of events or changes described above with respect to goodwill and intangible assets, indicate that the carrying value of the assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. If the carrying value of the asset or asset group is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. For example, Sony recorded an impairment loss of 31.3 billion yen, 19.2 billion yen and 12.7 billion yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively,
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against long-lived assets in the EP&S segment, related to the smartphone business asset group, as well as an impairment loss of 12.9 billion yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, against long-lived assets and goodwill in the All Other segment, related to the storage media business asset group. Any such charge may adversely affect Sony’s operating results and financial condition.
Holders of American Depositary Shares have fewer rights than shareholders and may not be able to enforce judgments based on U.S. securities laws.
The rights of shareholders under Japanese law to take actions, including voting their shares, receiving dividends and distributions, bringing derivative actions, examining Sony’s accounting books and records, and exercising appraisal rights, are available only to shareholders of record. Because the depositary, through its custodian agents, is the record holder of the shares underlying the American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), only the depositary can exercise those rights in connection with the deposited shares. The depositary will make efforts to vote the shares underlying ADSs in accordance with the instructions of ADS holders and will pay the dividends and distributions collected from Sony. However, ADS holders will not be able to bring a derivative action, examine Sony’s accounting books and records, or exercise appraisal rights through the depositary. 
Sony Corporation is incorporated in Japan with limited liability. A majority of Sony’s directors and corporate executive officers are
 non-U.S.
 residents, and a substantial portion of the assets of Sony Corporation and the assets of Sony’s directors and corporate executive officers are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be more difficult for investors to enforce against Sony Corporation or such persons, judgments obtained in U.S. courts predicated upon civil liability provisions of the federal and state securities laws of the U.S. or similar judgments obtained in other courts outside Japan. There is doubt as to the enforceability in Japanese courts, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts, of civil liabilities predicated solely upon the federal and state securities laws of the U.S.
Prior notification under the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act of Japan may be required in the case of an acquisition by a foreign investor of a certain portion of our shares.
Because Sony is engaged in certain businesses designated by the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act of Japan and its related cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances (collectively, the “Foreign Exchange Regulations”), if a foreign investor intends to consummate an acquisition of shares of common stock of Sony Corporation and that acquisition constitutes an “inward direct investment” under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, the foreign investor, subject to certain exemptions, must file a prior notification of such inward direct investment with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers. An amendment to the Foreign Exchange Regulations came into effect on May 8, 2020 (the “Amendment”) and the Amendment was fully implemented on June 7, 2020. Under the Amendment, an “inward direct investment” includes an acquisition by a foreign investor of shares of common stock of Sony Corporation, the consummation of which results in such foreign investor, in combination with any existing shareholding, directly or indirectly holding 1% or more (lowered from 10% by the Amendment) of the total number of issued shares of common stock or the total number of voting rights of Sony Corporation. The Amendment also introduced certain exemptions from the prior notification requirements.
If such prior notification is filed, the proposed acquisition may not be consummated until the prescribed screening period expires. In some cases, the Ministers may extend the screening period, and may recommend or order any modification or the abandonment of such acquisition. In addition, if certain conditions – including those prescribed in light of national security of Japan – under the Foreign Exchange Regulations are met, the Ministers may order the foreign investor to divest the shares acquired or take other measures. Consequently, any proposed acquisition by a foreign investor of shares of common stock of Sony Corporation that constitutes an “inward direct investment” may not be consummated in an expected time frame in accordance with an intended plan, or at all.
Additionally, after the implementation of the Amendment, if a foreign investor directly or indirectly holds 1% or more of the total voting rights of Sony Corporation and, at a general meeting of shareholders, consents to certain proposals having a material influence on the management of Sony Corporation such as the (i) election of such foreign investor or any of its related persons (as defined in the Foreign Exchange Regulations) as a director of Sony Corporation or (ii) transfer or discontinuation of its business, such consent, subject to certain exemptions, also constitutes an “inward direct investment” requiring prior notification. If such prior notification is filed, such consent cannot be given until the prescribed screening period expires. As a result, such foreign investors may have difficulties giving such consent in accordance with an intended plan, or at all.
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The discussion above is not exhaustive of all possible foreign exchange controls considerations that may apply to a particular investor, and potential investors are advised to satisfy themselves as to the overall foreign exchange controls consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of common stock or voting rights of Sony Corporation by consulting their own advisors. For a more detailed discussion on the requirements and procedures regarding the prior notifications under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, refer to “D. Exchange Controls” in “Item 10.
Additional Information
.”
Item 4.
Information on the Company
A.
History and Development of the Company
Sony Corporation was established in Japan in May 1946 as Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha, a joint stock company (
Kabushiki Kaisha
) under Japanese law. In January 1958, it changed its name to Sony Kabushiki Kaisha (“Sony Corporation” in English).
In December 1958, Sony Corporation was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (the “TSE”). In June 1961, Sony Corporation issued American Depositary Receipts in the U.S.
In March 1968, Sony Corporation established CBS/Sony Records Inc. in Japan, as a
50-50
joint venture company between Sony Corporation and CBS Inc. in the U.S. In January 1988, the joint venture became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and in April 1991, changed its name to Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (“SMEJ”). In November 1991, SMEJ was listed on the Second Section of the TSE.
In September 1970, Sony Corporation was listed on the New York Stock Exchange.
In August 1979, Sony Corporation established Sony Prudential Life Insurance Co., Ltd. in Japan, as a
50-50
 joint venture company between Sony Corporation and The Prudential Insurance Company of America. In April 1991, the joint venture changed its name to Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“Sony Life”). In March 1996, Sony Life became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and in April 2004, with the establishment of Sony Financial Holdings, Inc. (“SFH”), a financial holding company, Sony Life became a wholly-owned subsidiary of SFH.
In July 1984, Sony Magnescale Inc., a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, was listed on the Second Section of the TSE. The subsidiary changed its name to Sony Precision Technology Inc. in October 1996 and then to Sony Manufacturing Systems Corporation in April 2004. In April 2012, Sony Manufacturing Systems was merged into Sony EMCS Corporation. Sony EMCS Corporation changed its name to Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation in April 2016.
In July 1987, Sony Chemicals Corporation, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, was listed on the Second Section of the TSE. The subsidiary changed its name to Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation in July 2006, and changed its name again to Dexerials Corporation in October 2012.
In January 1988, Sony Corporation acquired CBS Records Inc., the music business division of CBS Inc. in the U.S. The acquired company changed its name to Sony Music Entertainment Inc. in January 1991 and then to Sony Music Holdings Inc. in December 2008.
In November 1989, Sony Corporation acquired Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. in the U.S. In August 1991, Columbia Pictures Entertainment, Inc. changed its name to Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (“SPE”).
In November 1993, Sony established Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (“SCEI”) in Japan. SCEI changed its name to Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. (“SIEI”) in April 2016.
In October 1995, Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC (“Sony/ATV”) was formed as a
50-50
joint venture company between Sony Corporation and Michael Jackson. In September 2016, the joint venture became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation.
In January 2000, acquisition transactions by way of a share exchange were completed such that three subsidiaries which had been listed on the TSE — SMEJ, Sony Chemicals Corporation (currently Dexerials Corporation), and Sony Precision Technology Inc. (which was merged into Sony EMCS Corporation) — became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Sony Corporation. In September 2012, Sony Corporation completed the sale of certain of its chemical products businesses, including Sony Chemical & Information Device Corporation (currently Dexerials Corporation) to Development Bank of Japan Inc.
In October 2001, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB (“Sony Ericsson”), a
50-50
joint venture company between Sony Corporation and Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (“Ericsson”) of Sweden, was
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established. In February 2012, Sony acquired Ericsson’s 50% equity interest in Sony Ericsson. As a result of the acquisition, Sony Ericsson became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony and changed its name to Sony Mobile Communications AB.
In October 2002, Aiwa Co., Ltd. (“Aiwa”), then a
TSE-listed
subsidiary, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation. In December 2002, Aiwa was merged into Sony Corporation.
In June 2003, Sony Corporation adopted the “Company with Three Committees” corporate governance system in line with the revised Japanese Commercial Code then effective. (Refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6.
 Directors, Senior Management and Employees.
”)
In April 2004, Sony Corporation established SFH, a financial holding company, in Japan. Sony Life, Sony Assurance Inc. (“Sony Assurance”), and Sony Bank Inc. (“Sony Bank”) became subsidiaries of SFH. In October 2007, SFH was listed on the First Section of the TSE in conjunction with the global initial public offering of shares of SFH by Sony Corporation and SFH.
In April 2004,
S-LCD
Corporation
(“S-LCD”),
a joint venture between Sony Corporation and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. of Korea for the manufacture of amorphous thin film transistor LCD (liquid crystal display) panels, was established in Korea. Sony’s stake in
S-LCD
was 50% minus 1 share. In January 2012, Sony sold all of its shares of
S-LCD
to Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
In August 2004, Sony combined its worldwide recorded music business, excluding its recorded music business in Japan, with the worldwide recorded music business of Bertelsmann AG (“Bertelsmann”), forming a
50-50
joint venture, SONY BMG MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT (“SONY BMG”). In October 2008, Sony acquired Bertelsmann’s 50% equity interest in SONY BMG. As a result of the acquisition, SONY BMG became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. In January 2009, SONY BMG changed its name to Sony Music Entertainment (“SME”).
In December 2005, Sony Communication Network Corporation, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation, was listed on the Mother’s market of the TSE, and was later listed on the First Section of the TSE in January 2008. Sony Communication Network Corporation was renamed
So-net
Corporation
(“So-net”)
in July 2013. In January 2013, Sony Corporation acquired all of the common shares of
So-net
through a tender offer and subsequent share exchange and, as a result of the acquisition,
So-net
became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation.
So-net
was renamed Sony Network Communications Inc. (“SNC”) in July 2016.
In June 2012, an investor group including Sony Corporation of America (“SCA”) established DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”) to own and manage EMI Music Publishing, which it then acquired. This acquisition resulted in Nile Acquisition LLC (“Nile”), of which SCA owned 74.9% and the Estate of Michael Jackson (the “Estate”) owned 25.1%, acquiring approximately 40% of the equity interest in EMI. In July 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the Estate’s equity interest in Nile, resulting in Sony owning approximately 40% of the equity interest in EMI. In November 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in EMI, resulting in EMI becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.
In April 2013, Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc. (“SOMED”), a medical business venture between Sony Corporation and Olympus Corporation was established in Japan. Sony’s stake in SOMED is 51%.
In July 2014, Sony Corporation sold its personal computer (“PC”) business operated under the VAIO brand to Japan Industrial Partners, Inc.
In July 2014, pursuant to a separation of Sony’s businesses into distinct subsidiaries, the television business was split out and began operations as Sony Visual Products Inc. (“SVP”).
In October 2015, the video and sound business was split out and began operations as Sony Video & Sound Products Inc. (“SVS”).
In April 2016, the imaging and sensing solutions business was split out and began operations as Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation (“SSS”).
In April 2017, the imaging products and solutions business was split out and began operations as Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (“SIPS”), which completed the sequential separation of Sony’s business units into distinct subsidiaries.
In September 2017, Sony transferred its battery businesses to the Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Group.
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In April 2019, SVP and SVS merged to become Sony Home Entertainment & Sound Products Inc. (“SHES”).
In April 2020, Sony established Sony Electronics Corporation, an intermediate holding company encompassing the electronics products and solutions businesses.
Sony will change the company names of Sony Corporation and Sony Electronics Corporation to “Sony Group Corporation” and “Sony Corporation,” respectively, effective from April 1, 2021.
Sony Corporation’s registered office is located at
7-1,
Konan
1-chome,
Minato-ku,
Tokyo
 108-0075,
Japan, telephone
+81-3-6748-2111.
Its website is
https://www.sony.net/
.
The agent in the U.S. for purposes of this Item 4 is Sony Corporation of America, 25 Madison Avenue, 26
th
Floor, New York, NY 10010-8601 (Attn: Office of the General Counsel).
Sony files reports and other information with the SEC pursuant to the SEC’s rules and regulations that apply to foreign private issuers. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Sony’s electronic filings are available for viewing on this website, at
 https://www.sec.gov
.
Principal Capital Investments
In the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, Sony’s capital expenditures were 332.1 billion yen, 344.1 billion yen and 513.1 billion yen, respectively. For a breakdown of principal capital expenditures and divestitures (including interests in other companies), refer to “Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
” The funding requirements of such various capital expenditures are expected to be financed by cash provided principally by operating and financing activities or the existing balance of cash and cash equivalents.
In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony invested approximately 276.8 billion yen in the Imaging & Sensing Solutions (“I&SS”) segment. This investment included approximately 265.7 billion yen to increase image sensor production capacity.
B.
Business Overview
Sony realigned its business segments from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 to reflect modifications to the organizational structure of certain segments and a change in the Senior Executives in charge of certain segments as of April 1, 2019. In connection with this decision, the former Home Entertainment & Sound, Imaging Products & Solutions and Mobile Communications segments were realigned as the Electronics Products & Solutions (“EP&S”) segment. In connection with this realignment, the sales and operating revenue and operating income (loss) of each segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 have been reclassified to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. In addition, the former Semiconductors segment was renamed the Imaging & Sensing Solutions (I&SS) segment effective from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
Sony is engaged in the development, design, production, manufacture and sale of various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices for consumer, professional and industrial markets such as network services, game hardware and software, televisions, audio and video recorders and players, still and video cameras, mobile phones, and image sensors. Sony is engaged in the development, production, manufacture, and distribution of recorded music and the management and licensing of the words and music of songs as well as the production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on animation titles. Sony is also engaged in the production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and television programming and the operation of television and digital networks. Further, Sony is also engaged in various financial services businesses, including life and
non-life
insurance operations through its Japanese insurance subsidiaries and banking operations through a Japanese internet-based banking subsidiary.
Products and Services
Game & Network Services (“G&NS”)
Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC (“SIE”) undertakes product research, development, design, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer service for PlayStation
®
hardware, software, content and network services.
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The G&NS segment includes the Digital Software and
Add-on
Content, Network Services and Hardware and Others categories. Digital Software and
Add-on
Content includes distribution of software titles and
add-on
content through digital networks by Sony Interactive Entertainment; Network Services includes network services relating to game, video and music content; and Hardware and Others includes home and portable game consoles, packaged software and peripheral devices.
Music
Recorded Music:
“Recorded Music” includes the distribution of physical and digital recorded music and revenue derived from artists’ live performances. SME, a global entertainment company, excluding Japan, is engaged primarily in the development, production, marketing and distribution of recorded music in all commercial formats and genres. SMEJ is an entertainment company focused on the Japanese market, which includes a Japanese domestic recorded music business that produces recorded music and music videos through contracts with many artists in all music genres.
Music Publishing:
“Music Publishing” includes the management and licensing of the words and music of songs. Sony/ATV and EMI are U.S.-based music publishing businesses that own and acquire rights to musical compositions, exploiting and marketing these compositions and receiving royalties or fees for their use.
Visual Media and Platform:
“Visual Media and Platform” includes the production and distribution of animation titles, game applications based on animation titles and various service offerings for music and visual products. These businesses are operated primarily by SMEJ.
Pictures
Motion Pictures:
“Motion Pictures” includes the worldwide production, acquisition and distribution of live-action and animated motion pictures for theatrical release. SPE’s motion picture production organizations include Columbia Pictures, Screen Gems, TriStar Pictures, 3000 Pictures, Sony Pictures Animation, Stage 6 Films, AFFIRM Films and Sony Pictures Classics. SPE also operates Sony Pictures Imageworks, a visual effects and animation unit, and manages a studio facility, Sony Pictures Studios, which includes post-production facilities.
Television Productions:
“Television Productions” includes the production, acquisition and distribution of programming for initial exhibition on television and digital networks, including scripted series, unscripted “reality” or “light entertainment,” daytime serials, game shows, animated series, made for television movies and miniseries and other programming. Outside the U.S., SPE produces local language programming and licenses
SPE-owned
programming and formats around the world.
Media Networks:
“Media Networks” includes the operation of television and digital networks worldwide. SPE’s television networks around the world include Sony Pictures Networks India Private Limited, which operates television networks in India, and Game Show Network, LLC, which operates a U.S.-based network delivered on cable, satellite and other distribution platforms, as well as an online game business. Digital networks include SonyLIV in India and Funimation primarily in North America.
Electronics Products & Solutions (EP&S)
TV
and
Audio & Video:
SHES undertakes product research, development, design, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer services for televisions and video and sound products.
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Still and Video Cameras:
SIPS undertakes product research, development, design, manufacturing, sales, distribution and customer service for interchangeable lens cameras, compact digital cameras, consumer and professional video cameras as well as display products such as projectors and medical equipment. Additionally, SIPS is responsible for the broadcast/professional solutions business and the FeliCa contactless IC (integrated circuit) card technology business. SOMED undertakes development support to provide comprehensive medical and imaging device solutions for operating rooms and other medical areas.
Mobile Communications:
Sony Mobile Communications Inc. (“Sony Mobile”) undertakes product research, development, design, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer services for mobile phones, tablets, accessories and applications. SNC provides internet broadband network services to subscribers as well as creates and distributes content through its portal services to various electronics product platforms such as PCs and mobile phones.
Imaging & Sensing Solutions (I&SS)
SSS and its subsidiary Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation undertake product research, development, design, manufacturing, marketing, sales, production, distribution and customer services for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (“CMOS”) image sensors, charge-coupled devices (“CCDs”), large-scale integration systems (“LSIs”) and other semiconductors.
Financial Services
In the Financial Services segment, on April 1, 2004, Sony established a wholly-owned subsidiary, SFH, a holding company for Sony Life, Sony Assurance and Sony Bank, with the aim of integrating various financial services including insurance and savings and loans, as well as offering individual customers high value-added products and high-quality services. On October 11, 2007, in conjunction with the global initial public offering of shares of SFH, the shares of SFH were listed for trading on the First Section of the TSE. Following this global offering, SFH remains a consolidated subsidiary of Sony Corporation, which is the majority shareholder of SFH. At the meeting of the Board of Directors held on May 19, 2020, Sony resolved to offer to acquire all of the common shares and related stock acquisition rights of SFH not held by Sony through a tender offer, with the aim of making SFH a wholly-owned subsidiary, and Sony commenced the tender offer on May 20, 2020. For further details, refer to Note 30 of the consolidated financial statements.
SFH conducts insurance, banking and other operations primarily through Sony Life, a Japanese life insurance company, Sony Assurance, a Japanese
non-life
insurance company, and Sony Bank, a Japanese internet-based bank, which are all wholly-owned by SFH.
All Other
All Other consists of various operating activities, including the batteries, recording media and storage media businesses, the disc manufacturing business outside of Japan and the PC business, which was sold in July 2014. Certain costs related to the PC business remain in All Other.
Sales and Distribution
G&NS, EP&S and I&SS
In the G&NS segment, PlayStation
®
hardware, software and content and network services are marketed and distributed by SIE, SIEI, and Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe, Ltd. (“SIEE”).
Sony’s products and services in the EP&S and I&SS segments are primarily marketed throughout the world under the trademark “Sony,” which has been registered in approximately 200 countries and territories.
In most cases, Sony’s products in the EP&S and I&SS segments are sold to sales subsidiaries of Sony Corporation located in or responsible for sales in the countries and territories where Sony’s products and services are marketed. These subsidiaries then sell those products to unaffiliated local distributors and dealers or through direct sales, such as through the internet. In some regions, certain products and services are sold directly to local distributors by Sony Corporation.
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Sales of such products and services are particularly seasonal and vary significantly with the timing of new product introductions and the economic conditions of each country. Sales for the third quarter ending December 31 of each fiscal year are generally higher than other quarters of the same fiscal year mainly in the G&NS and EP&S segments due to demand in the
year-end
holiday season.
Japan:
Sony Marketing (Japan) Inc. markets consumer electronics products mainly through retailers. Sony Business Solutions Corporation markets professional electronics products and services. For electronic components, Sony sells products directly to wholesalers and manufacturers.
United States:
Sony markets its electronics products and services in these segments through Sony Electronics Inc. and other wholly-owned subsidiaries in the U.S.
Europe:
In Europe, Sony’s products and services in these segments are marketed through sales subsidiaries including Sony Europe B.V., which is headquartered in the United Kingdom and has branches in European countries, and Sony Electronics JSC in Russia.
China:
Sony markets products and services in these segments through Sony (China) Limited, Sony Corporation of Hong Kong Limited and other wholly-owned subsidiaries in China.
Asia-Pacific:
In Asia-Pacific, Sony’s products and services in these segments are marketed through sales subsidiaries including Sony India Private Limited, Sony Electronics of Korea Corporation, Sony Taiwan Limited and Sony Electronics Vietnam.
Other Areas:
In overseas areas other than the U.S., Europe, China and Asia-Pacific, Sony’s products and services in these segments are marketed through sales subsidiaries including Sony Brasil Ltda., Sony Middle East & Africa FZE in the United Arab Emirates and Sony de Mexico S.A.de C.V.
Along with certain of its global corporate functions in Japan, Sony Mobile has sales and marketing operations in many major regions of the world, as well as a major manufacturing site in Thailand and product development sites in Japan and Sweden. Sony Mobile brings its products to market through direct and indirect distribution channels, such as third-party cellular network carriers and retailers, as well as through its website.
Music
SME and SMEJ develop, produce, market, and distribute recorded music in various commercial formats. SME and its affiliates conduct business globally under “Columbia Records,” “Epic Records,” “RCA Records” and other labels. SMEJ conducts business in Japan under “Sony Music Records,” “Epic Records Japan,” “SME Records,” “Ki/oon Music,” “Sony Music Associated Records” and other labels.
Sony owns and acquires rights to musical compositions, exploits and markets these compositions, receives royalties or fees for their use and conducts its music publishing business in countries other than Japan under the Sony/ATV and EMI names. Sony/ATV, previously a 50%-owned and consolidated joint venture, became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony on September 30, 2016 as a result of Sony’s acquisition of the 50% equity interest in Sony/ATV owned by the Estate. Additionally, on July 31, 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the Estate’s equity interest in Nile, resulting in Sony owning approximately 40% of the equity interest in EMI. On November 14, 2018, Sony completed the acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in EMI, resulting in EMI becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.
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SMEJ creates artwork and produces packaged home entertainment products including music and games. It also organizes various events in Japan through Sony Music Communications Inc. and its affiliates. In addition, SMEJ produces, markets and distributes animation products and game applications based on animation titles under the Aniplex name.
Pictures
SPE generally retains all rights relating to the worldwide distribution of its internally produced motion pictures and television programming, including rights for theatrical exhibition, home entertainment distribution, pay and free television and digital exhibition and other markets. SPE also acquires distribution rights to motion pictures and television programming produced by other companies, and jointly produces and distributes motion pictures and television programming with other studios, television networks and production companies. These rights may be limited to particular geographic regions, specific forms of media or periods of time.
Within the U.S., SPE uses its own distribution service businesses, Sony Pictures Releasing and Sony Pictures Classics, for the U.S. theatrical release of its motion pictures and for the theatrical release of motion pictures acquired from and produced by others.
Outside the U.S., SPE generally distributes and markets motion pictures through one of its Sony Pictures Releasing International subsidiaries. In certain countries, however, SPE has joint distribution or
sub-distribution
arrangements with other studios, or arrangements with independent local distributors or other entities.
The worldwide home entertainment distribution of SPE’s motion pictures and television programming (and product acquired or licensed from others) is handled through Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, except in certain countries where SPE has joint distribution or
sub-distribution
arrangements with other studios, or arrangements with independent local distributors. Product is distributed in various home media formats including DVD,
Blu-ray
Disc
and Digital Distribution. Digital Distribution includes electronic sell-through and
video-on-demand
distributed on cable, direct broadcast satellite (“DBS”) providers and digital platforms.
The worldwide television distribution of SPE’s motion pictures and television programming (and product acquired or licensed from others) is handled through Sony Pictures Television. SPE’s library of motion pictures and television programming is licensed to linear distributors such as broadcast television networks, cable networks and DBS providers, as well as to digital platforms such as subscription and advertising supported digital platforms (including Sony’s PlayStation
Network, Netflix and Amazon).
SPE’s television networks are distributed through cable, DBS providers, telecommunications companies and digital platforms (including SonyLIV in India and Funimation primarily in North America) to viewers around the world. These networks generate advertising, subscription and other ancillary revenues.
Financial Services
Sony Life conducts its life insurance business primarily in Japan. Sony Life’s core business is providing death protection and other insurance products to individuals, primarily through a consulting-based sales approach utilizing its experienced team of Lifeplanner
®
sales employees as well as partner independent sales agents. Sony Life provides tailor-made life insurance products that are optimized for each customer. As of March 31, 2020, Sony Life employed 5,146 Lifeplanner
®
sales employees. Sony Life maintains an extensive service network which mainly consists of the Lifeplanner
®
channel and the independent agent channel in Japan. The Lifeplanner
®
channel is characterized by recruitment of high-caliber sales professionals from industries outside the life insurance industry, quality improvement through education and training, performance-linked compensation and high productivity. Lifeplanner
®
sales employees offer custom-made packages. Most of the agents in the independent agent channel are corporate and
non-exclusive
agents, primarily shop-style agents. Shop-style agents are a
sub-channel
of the independent agent channel, who offer insurance in local stores and provide customers with opportunities to compare various insurers’ products. To enhance Sony Life’s relationship with independent agents, Sony Life’s agent support staff provides independent agents with various support services, including recruiting, training and sales promotion activities. As part of its plan to expand its sales of individual annuity products, Sony Life established AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (“AEGON Sony Life”) in August 2007 and SA Reinsurance (“SA Re”) in October 2009, both
50-50
joint venture companies with AEGON N.V. AEGON Sony Life and SA Re began operations in Japan in December 2009 and in Bermuda in January 2010, respectively. In January 2020, Sony Life acquired from AEGON International B.V. the remaining 50% stakes of AEGON Sony Life and SA Re, resulting in both AEGON Sony Life and SA Re becoming wholly-owned subsidiaries of SFH. Furthermore, AEGON Sony Life changed its trade name to Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd. on April 1, 2020.
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Sony Assurance has conducted a
non-life
insurance business in Japan since October 1999. Sony Assurance’s core business is providing automobile insurance and medical insurance products, as well as overseas travel insurance and fire insurance products, to individual customers, primarily through direct marketing via the internet and via telephone. The direct marketing business model employed by Sony Assurance enables it to improve operating efficiency and lower the costs of marketing and maintaining its insurance policies, creating savings which it passes on to policyholders in the form of competitively priced premiums.
Sony Bank has conducted banking operations in Japan since June 2001. As an internet bank focusing on the asset management and borrowing needs of individual customers, Sony Bank offers an array of products and services including yen and foreign currency deposits, investment trusts and mortgages. By using Sony Bank’s transaction channel, the “MONEYKit” service website, account holders can invest and manage assets over the internet according to their life plans. On July 1, 2011, Sony Bank acquired Sony’s 57% equity interest in Sony Payment Services Inc. (“Sony Payment Services”), resulting in Sony Payment Services becoming a consolidated subsidiary of Sony Bank. Sony Payment Services provides credit card settlement services to members of its internet network.
All Other
Sony Energy Devices Corporation and Sony Storage Media Solutions Corporation sell their battery and storage media products, respectively, through Sony’s sales companies mentioned in the above description of Sales and Distribution for the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments, as well as through their own sales forces. Sony DADC group offers
Blu-ray
Disc
, DVD and CD media replication services as well as digital and physical supply chain solutions to business customers.
Sales to External Customers by Geographic Area
The following table shows Sony’s consolidated sales to external customers in each of its major markets for the periods indicated.
                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
   
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Japan
   
2,625,619
     
2,591,784
   
 
2,472,479
 
United States
   
1,835,705
     
1,982,135
   
 
1,864,390
 
Europe
   
1,841,457
     
1,862,166
   
 
1,697,791
 
China
   
674,718
     
770,416
   
 
845,235
 
Asia-Pacific
   
1,024,179
     
912,193
   
 
892,026
 
Other Areas
   
542,304
     
546,993
   
 
487,964
 
                         
Total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
   
 
8,259,885
 
                         
Sources of Supply
Sony procures raw materials, parts and components used in the production of its products on a global basis on the most favorable terms that it can achieve. These items are purchased from various suppliers around the world. Sony has a general policy of maintaining multiple suppliers for important parts and components and, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony continued to optimize the number of its suppliers to achieve efficiencies and to minimize procurement risk when possible.
When raw materials, parts and components become scarce, the cost of production rises. For example, LCD panels, memory devices and other discrete components, which are used in multiple applications, can influence Sony’s performance when the cost of such parts and components fluctuates substantially. Regarding raw materials, the market price of copper may fluctuate and impact the cost of the parts and components that utilize copper, such as printed circuit boards and power cables. The price of resin and sheet steel, which are widely used in mechanical parts and components, may also fluctuate and impact the cost of those parts and components.
After-Sales Service
Sony provides repair and servicing functions in the areas where its G&NS, EP&S and I&SS products are sold. Sony provides these services through its own online support network, call centers, service centers, factories, authorized independent service centers, authorized servicing dealers and subsidiaries.
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In line with industry practices of these businesses, almost all of Sony’s
consumer-use
products that are sold in Japan carry a warranty, generally for a period of one year from the date of purchase, covering repairs, free of charge, in the case of a malfunction in the course of ordinary use of the product. Warranties outside of Japan generally provide coverage for various periods of time depending on the product and the area in which it is marketed. In the case of broadcast- and
professional-use
products, Sony maintains support contracts with customers in addition to warranties.
To further help ensure customer satisfaction, Sony maintains customer information centers in its principal markets and web support information for all markets.
Patents and Licenses
Sony has a number of Japanese and foreign patents relating to its products. Sony is licensed to use a number of patents owned by others, covering a wide range of products. Certain of these licenses are important to Sony’s business. Sony products that employ DVD player functionality, including PlayStation
®
4 (“PS4
”) hardware, are substantially dependent upon patents that relate to technologies specified in the DVD specifications and are licensed from Dolby Laboratories Licensing Corporation. Sony products that employ
Blu-ray
Disc
player functionality and DVD player functionality, including PS4 hardware, are substantially dependent upon patents that relate to technologies specified in the
Blu-ray
Disc
specifications and are licensed by MPEG LA LLC and
One-Blue,
LLC, in addition to the patents that relate to technologies specified in the DVD specifications, as described above. Sony considers its overall license position beneficial to its operations.
Competition
In each of its principal product lines and services, Sony encounters intense competition throughout the world. Sony believes, however, that in the aggregate it competes successfully and has a major position in all of the principal product lines and services in which it is engaged, although the strength of its position varies with products and markets. Refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3.
Key Information
.”
G&NS, EP&S, I&SS and All Other
Sony believes that its product planning and product design expertise, the high quality of its products, its record of innovative product introductions and product improvements, the user experience it provides and the ecosystem that supports such an experience, its price competitiveness derived from reductions in manufacturing and indirect costs, and its extensive marketing and servicing efforts are important factors in maintaining its competitive position. Continuing to provide high-value added products, services and experiences is a key factor by which Sony aims to differentiate itself in these highly competitive markets. Sony believes that the success of the G&NS businesses is determined by the availability of attractive software titles and related content, downloadable content, network services and peripherals. In the I&SS segment, Sony puts significant effort into keeping Sony’s strong competitive position by investing in R&D and production capacity, while also trying to avoid overinvesting and increasing fixed costs by carefully monitoring customer demand, market trends and demand for
end-user
products.
Music
Success in the music industry is dependent to a large extent upon the artistic and creative abilities of artists, producers and employees and is subject to the vagaries of public taste. The Music segment’s future competitive position depends on its continuing ability to attract and develop artists and products that can achieve a high degree of public acceptance as well as offer efficient services. In addition, Sony believes that the success of the Music segment’s animation products and game applications business, Aniplex, is largely dependent on the creative talent of game producers and developers, and is also subject to the vagaries of public taste.
Pictures
SPE faces intense competition from all forms of entertainment and other leisure activities to attract the attention of audiences worldwide. SPE competes with other motion picture studios and production companies to obtain story rights and talent, including writers, actors, directors and producers, which are essential to the success of SPE’s products. SPE competes with other companies, in particular technology companies, who are expanding into the production or distribution of film and television programing. In motion picture production and distribution, SPE faces competition to obtain exhibition and distribution outlets and optimal release dates for its products. In addition, SPE faces competition to acquire motion pictures and television programming from third
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parties. In television production and distribution, competition arises from the increasing fragmentation of audiences among broadcast and cable networks, DBS providers, digital platforms and other outlets both within and outside of the U.S. Furthermore, broadcast networks in the U.S., or their affiliated production companies, continue to produce their own shows internally, and major streaming services in and outside the United States are producing more content themselves or acquiring content from affiliated production companies. This competitive environment may result in fewer opportunities to produce shows for such networks and services, and may contribute to shorter lifespans for ordered shows that do not immediately achieve favorable ratings. SPE’s worldwide television networks compete for viewers with broadcast and cable networks, DBS providers, digital platforms and other forms of entertainment. The growth in the number of networks around the world has increased the competition for advertising and subscription revenues, acquisition of programming, and distribution of SPE’s television networks by cable, DBS providers, digital platforms and other distribution systems.
Financial Services
In the Financial Services segment, Sony faces strong competition in the financial services markets in Japan. In recent years, the regulatory barriers between the life insurance and
non-life
insurance industries as well as among the insurance, banking and securities industries have been relaxed, resulting in new competitive pressures.
Sony Life competes not only with traditional insurance companies in Japan but also with other companies including online insurance companies, foreign-owned life insurance companies and a number of Japanese cooperative associations.
Sony Assurance competes against insurers that sell their policies through sales agents as well as insurers that, like Sony Assurance, primarily sell their policies through direct marketing via the internet and via telephone. Competition in Japan’s
non-life
insurance industry has intensified in recent years, in part due to a number of new market entrants, including foreign-owned insurers.
Some of the competitors in the life insurance and
non-life
insurance businesses have advantages over Sony including:
  greater financial resources and financial strength ratings;
  greater brand awareness;
  more extensive marketing and sales networks, including through
tie-ups
with other types of financial institutions;
  more competitive pricing;
  larger customer bases; and
  a wider range of products and services.
Sony Bank has focused on providing retail asset management and mortgage services for individuals, and faces significant competition in Japan’s retail financial services market. Sony Bank competes with traditional banking institutions, regional banks, trust banks,
non-bank
companies, and newer financial groups providing online full-services of bank and brokerage in Japan.
In the Financial Services segment, it is important to maintain a strong and healthy financial foundation for the business as well as to meet diversifying customer needs. Sony Life and Sony Assurance have maintained a high solvency margin ratio, relative to the Japanese domestic minimum solvency margin ratio requirements. Sony Bank has maintained a sufficient capital adequacy ratio relative to the Japanese domestic criteria.
Government Regulations
Sony’s business activities are subject to various governmental regulations in different countries in which it operates, including regulations relating to: various business/investment approvals; trade affairs, including customs, import and export control; competition and antitrust; anti-bribery; advertising and promotion; intellectual property; broadcasting, consumer and business taxation; foreign exchange controls; economic sanctions; personal information protection; product safety; labor; human rights; conflict; occupational health and safety; environmental; and recycling requirements.
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In Japan, Sony’s insurance businesses are subject to the Insurance Business Act and approvals and oversight from the Financial Services Agency (“FSA”). The primary purpose of the Insurance Business Act and related regulations is to protect policyholders, not shareholders. The Insurance Business Act specifies the types of businesses insurance companies may engage in, imposes limits on the types and amounts of investments that can be made and requires insurance companies to maintain specified reserves and a minimum solvency margin ratio. In particular, life insurance companies must maintain a premium reserve (for the portion of their portfolio other than unearned premiums), an unearned premium reserve, a reserve for refunds with respect to certain insurance contracts of life insurance companies specified in the Insurance Business Act’s regulations, and a contingency reserve in amounts no lower than the amount of the “standard policy reserve” as set forth by the regulatory guidelines. The FSA maintains a solvency standard which is used by Japanese regulators to monitor the financial strength of insurance companies.
Non-life
insurance companies are also required to provide a policy reserve. Sony Bank is also subject to regulation by the FSA under the Banking Act of Japan, including the requirement that it maintain a minimum capital adequacy ratio in accordance with capital adequacy guidelines adopted by the FSA based on the Basel III agreement. The FSA has broad regulatory powers over insurance and banking businesses in Japan, including the authority to grant or revoke operating licenses and to request information and conduct onsite inspections of books and records. Sony’s subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are subject to the Japanese Insurance Business Act and Banking Act that require insurance and business companies to maintain their financial credibility and to secure protection for policyholders and depositors in view of the public importance of insurance and banking services. As such, lending and borrowing between subsidiaries in the Financial Service segment and the other companies within Sony Group is strictly limited.
In addition, Sony’s telecommunication businesses in Japan are subject to approvals and oversight from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, under the Telecommunications Business Act and other regulations related to the internet businesses and communication methods in Japan.
Social Responsibility Regulations Such as Environmental and Human Rights Regulations
Sony monitors, evaluates, and complies with new environmental requirements that may affect its operations. For example, in Europe, Sony is required to comply with a number of environmental regulations enacted by the EU such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (“RoHS”) Directive, the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”) Directive and the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (“REACH”) regulation. Similar regulations are being formulated in other areas of the world, including South American, Southeast Asian and Middle Eastern countries.
Sony has taken steps to address new regulations or governmental policies related to climate change including carbon disclosure, greenhouse gas emission reduction, carbon taxes and energy efficiency for products in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments. For example, Sony has established an internal management system in response to the EU directive on energy-related products and their energy efficiency (“ErP”).
Sony also monitors and evaluates newly adopted laws and regulations that may affect its operations applicable to purchasing activities including the procurement of raw materials, with respect to environmental, occupational health and safety, human rights, labor and armed conflict issues, and complies as appropriate.
Also refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3.
Key Information.
Disclosure pursuant to Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012
Section 219 of the Iran Threat Reduction and Syria Human Rights Act of 2012 added Section 13(r) to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended. Section 13(r) requires an issuer to disclose in its annual or quarterly reports, as applicable, whether it or any of its affiliates knowingly engaged in certain activities, transactions or dealings relating to Iran or with designated natural persons or entities sanctioned under programs relating to terrorism or the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Disclosure is required even where the activities, transactions or dealings are conducted outside the U.S. by
non-U.S.
affiliates in compliance with applicable law, and whether or not the activities are sanctionable under U.S. law.
Sony is aware that certain transactions during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, as described below, may be disclosable pursuant to Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act.
The information below is to the best of Sony’s knowledge, and in particular Sony may not be aware of all potentially reportable sales by third-party-owned dealers and distributors.
  Sony’s representative office in Tehran, Iran, which was established in 1992, has been closed and has been under liquidation processes since before the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014. In
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  the course of liquidation, Sony engages in certain incidental transactions (for example, permits, taxes, and similar matters incidental to the wind-down of the office in Iran) with Iranian government-owned entities. No material revenues or profits are associated with these transactions with the Iranian government-owned entities.
Sony is not aware of any other activity, transaction or dealing by Sony Corporation or any of its affiliates during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 that is disclosable in this report under Section 13(r) of the Exchange Act. As of the date of this report, Sony does not anticipate that any activity, transaction or dealing that may be disclosable will be conducted during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, except as described above in connection with the wind-down of its representative office in Iran. Nevertheless, Sony has continued to monitor developments in this area, especially in the light of the United States’ decision that was implemented in its entirety on November 5, 2018 to cease its participation in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action of July 14, 2015, among the United States, the United Kingdom, China, France, Russia, Germany, the European Union and Iran and
re-impose
certain secondary sanctions (i.e., laws and regulations that threaten to impose U.S. economic sanctions on
non-U.S.
companies engaging in specified transactions with Iran outside U.S. jurisdiction). As sanctions against Iran continue to evolve, Sony will continue to assess whether and to what extent such sanctions may affect Sony’s business activities, which Sony intends to conduct in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Sony believes, and maintains policies and procedures designed to ensure that, its transactions with Iran and elsewhere have been conducted in accordance with applicable economic sanctions laws and regulations and do not involve transactions likely to result in the imposition of sanctions or other penalties on Sony. However, there can be no assurance that Sony’s policies and procedures will be effective, and if the relevant authorities were to impose penalties or sanctions against Sony, the impact of such sanctions could be material.
C.
Organizational Structure
The following table sets forth the significant subsidiaries owned, directly or indirectly, by Sony Corporation.
                 
Name of company
 
Country of
incorporation/residence
 
 
(As of March 31, 2020)
Percentage owned
 
 
Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation
   
 
Japan
     
 
100.0
 
Sony Semiconductor Solutions Corporation
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Marketing Inc.
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Mobile Communications Inc.
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Network Communications Inc.
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc.
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Home Entertainment & Sound Products Inc.
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Storage Media Solutions Corporation
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc.
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc.
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Financial Holdings Inc.*
   
Japan
     
65.1
 
Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd.*
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Bank Inc.*
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Assurance Inc.*
   
Japan
     
100.0
 
Sony Americas Holding Inc.
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony Corporation of America
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony Electronics Inc.
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony Music Holdings Inc.
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc.
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
CPT Holdings, Inc.
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony Music Entertainment
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC
   
U.S.A.
     
100.0
 
Sony Europe B.V.
   
U.K.
     
100.0
 
Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe Ltd.
   
U.K.
     
100.0
 
Sony Global Treasury Services Plc
   
U.K.
     
100.0
 
Sony Overseas Holding B.V.
   
Netherlands
     
100.0
 
Sony (China) Limited
   
China
     
100.0
 
Sony EMCS (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
   
Malaysia
     
100.0
 
Sony Electronics (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
   
Singapore
     
100.0
 
* Sony Corporation owns 65.1% of Sony Financial Holdings Inc., and Sony Financial Holdings Inc. owns 100% of Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd., Sony Bank Inc. and Sony Assurance Inc.
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D.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Sony has a number of offices, plants and warehouses throughout the world. Most of the buildings and land in/on which such offices, plants and warehouses are located are owned by Sony.
The following table sets forth information as of March 31, 2020 with respect to plants used for the production of products mainly for products and services in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments with floor space of more than 500,000 square feet:
             
Location
 
Approximate
floor space
 
 
Principal products produced
 
(square feet)
 
 
In Japan:
 
 
 
 
             
Nagasaki
(Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation
— Nagasaki TEC)
   
2,381,000
   
CMOS Image Sensors
             
Kumamoto
(Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation
— Kumamoto TEC)
   
2,289,000
   
CMOS & CCD Image Sensors, Microdisplay
             
Kagoshima
(Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation
— Kagoshima TEC)
   
1,789,000
   
Analog LSI, Crystal LED (Panel Process), MMIC
             
Oita
(Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation
— Oita TEC)
   
976,000
   
CMOS Image Sensors (Wafer Process)
             
Kohda, Aichi
(Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation
— Tokai TEC — Kohda Site)
   
903,000
   
Digital Still Cameras, Video Camera Peripherals, Interchangeable-lens Cameras, Lenses for Interchangeable-lens Cameras, Lenses, Lens Blocks, Audio Devices, aibo
             
Inazawa, Aichi
(Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation
— Tokai TEC — Inazawa Site)
   
842,000
   
Surface Mounted Boards, TVs, Crystal LED (Assembly)
             
Tsuruoka, Yamagata
(Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation
— Yamagata TEC)
   
698,000
   
CMOS Image Sensors (Wafer Process)
             
Kosai, Shizuoka
(Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation
— Tokai TEC — Kosai Site)
   
576,000
   
Broadcasting/Professional Equipment (Cameras/Editing Systems), Projectors,
Professional-use
Microphones,
Professional-use
Monitors, Medical Peripheral Equipment, Flow Cytometers
             
Kisarazu, Chiba
(Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation
— Kisarazu TEC)
   
541,000
   
PlayStation
®
4, FeliCa IC Cards and Related Devices
             
Outside of Japan:
 
 
 
 
             
Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S.A.
(Sony DADC US Inc.)
   
1,352,000
   
Blu-ray
Disc
-ROMs
             
Bangi, Malaysia
(Sony EMCS (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. — KL TEC)
   
1,183,000
   
TVs, TV Components
             
Penang, Malaysia
(Sony EMCS (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. — PG TEC)
   
1,021,000
   
System Stereos, Home Audios, BD Players, BD Recorders, Digital Music Players, Headphones, Personal Audios
             
Huizhou, China
(Sony Precision Devices (Huizhou) Co., Ltd.)
   
1,010,000
   
Optical Pickups
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Location
 
Approximate
floor space
 
 
Principal products produced
 
(square feet)
 
 
             
Wuxi, China
(Sony Digital Products (Wuxi) Co., Ltd.)
   
798,000
   
Digital Still Cameras, Lens Assembly, Interchangeable-lens Cameras, Lenses for Interchangeable-lens Cameras
             
Bangkadi, Thailand
(Sony Device Technology (Thailand) Co., Ltd.)
   
513,000
   
Image Sensor Assembly 
In addition to the above facilities, Sony has a number of other plants for electronic products throughout the world. Sony owns R&D facilities, and Sony Corporation’s headquarters building, with a total floor space of approximately 1,753,000 square feet, in Tokyo, Japan, where administrative functions and product development activities are carried out. SIEI has its corporate headquarters in Sony Corporation’s headquarters building and leases additional office space in Tokyo from a third party, where administrative functions, product development, and software development are carried out. SIE and SIEE lease their offices in the U.S. and Europe, respectively.
SPE’s corporate offices and motion picture and television production facilities are headquartered in Culver City, California, where it owns and operates a studio facility, Sony Pictures Studios, with aggregate floor space of approximately 1,939,200 square feet. SPE also leases office space and motion picture and television support facilities from third parties and affiliates of Sony Corporation in various worldwide locations. SPE’s film and videotape storage operations are located in various leased locations in the U.S. and Europe.
SME’s corporate offices are headquartered in New York, NY where it leases office space from SCA. SME also leases office space from third parties in various locations worldwide.
Most of SMEJ’s offices, including leased premises, are located in Tokyo, Japan.
SCA’s corporate offices are headquartered in New York, NY where it leases office space from a third party.
Item 4A.
Unresolved Staff Comments
None
Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
A.
Operating Results
Operating Performance
The following discussion covers the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020. For the discussion covering the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, please refer to “Item 5.A.” of Sony’s Form
20-F
for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 filed with the SEC on June 18, 2019.
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
Sales and operating revenue
   
8,665.7
   
 
8,259.9
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies
   
(3.0
)  
 
9.6
 
Operating income
   
894.2
   
 
845.5
 
Income before income taxes
   
1,011.6
   
 
799.5
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
916.3
   
 
582.2
 
Sales
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales and operating revenue (“Sales”) decreased 405.8 billion yen compared to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
(“year-on-year”)
to 8 trillion 259.9 billion yen. This was mainly due to significant decreases in sales in the Electronics Products & Solutions (“EP&S”) and the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”) segments, partially offset primarily by a significant increase in sales in the Imaging & Sensing Solutions (“I&SS”) segment. Sales in the current fiscal year also included 7.9 billion yen in patent royalty revenue resulting from the signing of a licensing agreement, recorded within Corporate and elimination. A further breakdown of sales figures is presented under “Operating Performance by Business Segment” below.
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Cost of Sales, Selling, General and Administrative Expenses and Other Operating (Income) Expense, net
“Sales” in the analysis of the ratio of “cost of sales” to sales, the ratio of “R&D costs” to sales, and the ratio of “selling, general and administrative expenses” (“SGA expenses”) to sales refers only to the net sales and other operating revenue portions of consolidated sales (which excludes financial services revenue). This is because financial services expenses are recorded separately from cost of sales and SGA expenses in the consolidated financial statements. The calculations of all ratios below that pertain to reportable segments include intersegment transactions.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, cost of sales decreased 397.6 billion yen
year-on-year
to 4 trillion 753.2 billion yen. The ratio of cost of sales to sales improved
year-on-year
from 69.7% to 68.3%.
R&D costs (all R&D costs are included within cost of sales) increased 18.1 billion yen
year-on-year
to 499.3 billion yen. The ratio of R&D costs to sales was 7.2% compared to 6.5% in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. For further details, refer to
“Research and Development
” in Item 5.C.
SGA expenses decreased 74.2 billion yen
year-on-year
to 1 trillion 502.6 billion yen. The ratio of SGA expenses to sales deteriorated
year-on-year
from 21.3% to 21.6%.
Other operating income, net, decreased 68.0 billion yen
year-on-year
to 3.6 billion yen. This significant deterioration was mainly due to the following factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and the absence of the following factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Refer to Note 21 of the consolidated financial statements.
Factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
  Remeasurement and realized gains resulting from the public listing and sale of a portion of shares of SRE Holdings Corporation: 17.3 billion yen (All Other)
  Realized and remeasurement gains resulting from the transfer of a portion of shares of NSF Engagement Corporation: 6.3 billion yen (Corporate and elimination)
Factors that occurred in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
  Remeasurement gain resulting from Sony’s acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing: 116.9 billion yen (Music segment)
  An impairment charge against long-lived assets of the smartphone business: 19.2 billion yen (EP&S segment)
  An impairment charge against long-lived assets and goodwill of the storage media business: 12.9 billion yen (All Other)
Equity in Net Income (Loss) of Affiliated Companies
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies was income of 9.6 billion yen, compared to a loss of 3.0 billion yen in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. This improvement was mainly due to the absence of the 11.6 billion yen recording of equity in net loss for EMI, mainly due to expenses relating to warrants and management equity plans in connection with Sony’s acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in EMI, recorded in the Music segment in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
Operating Income
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, operating income decreased 48.8 billion yen
year-on-year
to 845.5 billion yen. This decrease was primarily due to significant decreases in operating income in the Music and G&NS segments, partially offset by significant increases in operating income mainly in the I&SS segment and All Other. Operating income for the current fiscal year as well as the previous fiscal year included the above-mentioned factors being recorded as other operating (income) expense, net.
Other Income and Expenses
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, other income decreased by 122.8 billion yen
year-on-year,
to 21.9 billion yen, while other expenses increased by 40.6 billion yen
year-on-year,
to 68.0 billion yen. The net
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amount of other income and other expenses was an expense of 46.0 billion yen, a deterioration of 163.4 billion yen
year-on-year
mainly due to the absence of the 117.8 billion yen realized and unrealized gains resulting from the public listing and sale of certain shares of Spotify Technology S.A. (“Spotify”) recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, as well as the recording of a loss on equity securities, net, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 and a
year-on-year
increase in net foreign exchange losses.
The foreign exchange loss, net, increased by 15.5 billion yen
year-on-year,
to 26.8 billion yen.
Interest and dividends in other income of 19.3 billion yen were recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, an decrease of 2.3 billion yen
year-on-year.
Interest recorded in other expenses totaled 11.1 billion yen, a decrease of 1.3 billion yen
year-on-year.
Income before Income Taxes
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, income before income taxes decreased 212.2 billion yen
year-on-year
to 799.5 billion yen.
Income Taxes
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony recorded 177.2 billion yen of income tax expense, resulting in an effective tax rate of 22.2%, which was higher than the effective tax rate of 4.5% in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. This higher effective tax rate in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was mainly due to the previous fiscal year’s reversal of 154.2 billion yen of valuation allowances against a significant portion of the deferred tax assets in the U.S. consolidated tax group and not recording income tax expense on the remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI. Refer to Note 22 of the consolidated financial statements.
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, net income attributable to noncontrolling interests of 40.1 billion yen was recorded, a decrease of 10.2 billion yen
year-on-year.
Net Income Attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders, which excludes net income attributable to noncontrolling interests, decreased 334.1 billion yen
year-on-year
to 582.2 billion yen.
Basic net income per share and diluted net income per share, attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were 471.64 yen and 461.23 yen, respectively, compared with 723.41 yen and 707.74 yen, respectively, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements.
Operating Performance by Business Segment
The following discussion is based on segment information. Sales and operating revenue in each business segment include intersegment transactions. Refer to Note 29 of the consolidated financial statements.
In addition to those significant trends, uncertainties and events listed herein, refer to
“Trend Information
” in Item 5.D for more information on significant trends, uncertainties and events that had, or may have, an effect on business segment operating performance.
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Game & Network Services (G&NS)
Key Financial Figures
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Sales to external customers by product category
 
 
Digital Software and Add-on Content
   
1,102,231
   
 
1,010,296
 
Network Services
   
326,524
   
 
337,265
 
Hardware & Others
   
795,867
   
 
572,199
 
                 
Sales to external customers
   
2,224,622
   
 
1,919,760
 
Intersegment sales
   
86,250
   
 
57,791
 
                 
G&NS segment total sales
   
2,310,872
   
 
1,977,551
 
                 
G&NS segment operating income
   
311,092
   
 
238,400
 
                 
       
 
(Units in millions)
 
Major product unit sales
 
 
PS4 hardware
   
17.8
   
 
13.6
 
                 
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales decreased 333.3 billion yen
year-on-year
to 1 trillion 977.6 billion yen. This significant decrease was primarily due to a decrease in PlayStation
®
4 (“PS4
”) hardware sales and game software sales, as well as the impact of foreign exchange rates, partially offset by an increase in sales for PlayStation
®
Plus (“PS Plus”).
Operating income decreased 72.7 billion yen
year-on-year
to 238.4 billion yen. This significant decrease was primarily due to the impact of the above-mentioned decrease in game software sales and the negative impact of foreign exchange rates, partially offset by the above-mentioned increase in sales for PS Plus and cost reductions.
Despite a decline in momentum for
free-to-play
games which are monetized via microtransactions rather than
up-front
purchases, the operating performance of the G&NS segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 reflected the continued demand for hardware, software and network services, and continuous market interest surrounding cloud-based game streaming services. In this environment, Sony continued to focus on delivering immersive experiences to PlayStation
®
users by expanding its network services business in a variety of ways, including through PS Plus and Sony’s proprietary game streaming services, Remote Play and PlayStation
Now (“PS Now”). In addition, Sony completed the acquisition of Insomniac Games Inc. as part of its strategy to bolster its first-party software lineup in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, Sony intends to continue these objectives while also focusing on the launch of PlayStation
®
5 (“PS5
”).
Current View Regarding the Impact on the Business from the Spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019
(“COVID-19”)
Although there has been a slight impact on production of PS4 hardware due to issues in the component supply chain, demand in the short-term is being addressed with current inventory and sales are trending well. Sales of game software that is downloaded from the network, as well as PS Plus and PS Now subscriber numbers have significantly increased. Regarding the launch of PS5, although factors such as employees working from home and restrictions on international travel have presented some challenges in regards to part of the testing process and the qualification of production lines, development is progressing with the launch of the console scheduled for the 2020 holiday season. At this point in time no major problems have arisen in the game software development pipeline for Sony’s own first-party studios or its partners’ studios.
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Music
Key Financial Figures
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Sales to external customers by product category
 
 
Recorded Music — Streaming
   
227,513
   
 
276,039
 
Recorded Music — Others
   
199,413
   
 
191,114
 
Music Publishing
   
106,666
   
 
157,478
 
Visual Media & Platform
   
261,433
   
 
213,961
 
                 
Sales to external customers
   
795,025
   
 
838,592
 
Intersegment sales
   
12,464
   
 
11,317
 
                 
Music segment total sales
   
807,489
   
 
849,909
 
                 
Music segment operating income
   
232,487
   
 
142,345
 
                 
On November 14, 2018, Sony acquired the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by Mubadala Investment Company in EMI, resulting in EMI becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. Financial results of EMI included in the Music segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 include equity earnings (loss) from April 1 through November 13, 2018 and sales and operating income (loss) from November 14, 2018 through March 31, 2019. Sales and operating income (loss) for the Music segment in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 include the financial results of EMI from April 1, 2019 onward.
The Music segment results include the
yen-translated
results of Sony Music Entertainment (“SME”), Sony/ATV Music Publishing (“Sony/ATV”) and EMI, all U.S.-based operations which aggregate the results of their worldwide subsidiaries on a U.S. dollar basis, and the results of Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc., a Japan-based music company which aggregates its results in yen.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales increased 42.4 billion yen
year-on-year
to 849.9 billion yen. This increase in sales was primarily due to higher sales for Music Publishing resulting from the consolidation of EMI, as well as higher sales for Recorded Music primarily due to an increase in streaming revenues, partially offset by lower Visual Media and Platform sales primarily due to lower sales for
Fate/Grand Order
, a mobile game application.
Operating income decreased 90.1 billion yen
year-on-year
to 142.3 billion yen. This significant decrease in operating income was primarily due to the absence of the recording of a 116.9 billion yen remeasurement gain resulting from the consolidation of EMI in the previous fiscal year, partially offset by the absence of the 11.6 billion yen recording of equity in net loss resulting from Sony’s acquisition of the remaining approximately 60% equity interest in EMI in the previous fiscal year, as well as the impact of the above-mentioned increase in sales.
The operating performance of the Music segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 reflected continued growth in the market for recorded music despite decreases in physical and digital download revenues, mainly due to the expansion of digital streaming. In this environment, Sony has pursued initiatives to increase streaming, performance, and other licensing revenues through continued investment in new recorded music and music publishing rights. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, Sony intends to continue these initiatives while also continuing to develop and promote mobile game applications based on animation titles.
Current View Regarding the Impact on the Business from the Spread of
COVID-19
Around the world, but especially in the U.S., the release of new music is being delayed primarily due to some artists being unable to record songs and music videos. The impact on profitability from the delays in new music is limited at this time in the U.S. and other countries where the proportion of music that is streamed is high. However, in countries like Japan and Germany where the proportion of music that is streamed is relatively low, CDs and other packaged media sales are decreasing due to restrictions on going outside. Ticket, merchandising and video revenues are decreasing, as concerts and other events are being postponed and cancelled in Japan and other areas. Due to a global reduction in advertising spending, revenue from advertising-supported streaming services and revenue from the licensing of music in TV commercials is decreasing. Additionally, delays in the production of motion pictures and TV shows are causing a decline in music licensing revenue.
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Pictures
Key Financial Figures
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Sales to external customers by product category
 
 
Motion Pictures
   
436,017
   
 
475,061
 
Television Productions
   
288,816
   
 
301,224
 
Media Networks
   
260,437
   
 
234,429
 
                 
Sales to external customers
   
985,270
   
 
1,010,714
 
Intersegment sales
   
1,603
   
 
1,140
 
                 
Pictures segment total sales
   
986,873
   
 
1,011,854
 
                 
Pictures segment operating income
   
54,599
   
 
68,157
 
                 
The results presented in Pictures are a
yen-translation
of the results of Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (“SPE”), a U.S.-based operation that aggregates the results of its worldwide subsidiaries on a U.S. dollar basis. Management analyzes the results of SPE in U.S. dollars, so discussion of certain portions of its results is specified as being on “a U.S. dollar basis.”
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales increased 25.0 billion yen (3%)
year-on-year
(a 5% increase on a U.S. dollar basis) to 1 trillion 11.9 billion yen. The increase in sales on a U.S. dollar basis was primarily due to higher worldwide theatrical revenues, as the current fiscal year benefitted from the strong performances of
Spider-Man: Far From Home
,
Jumanji: The Next Level
and
Bad Boys for Life
and higher licensing revenues for Television Productions. These increases in sales were partially offset by a decrease in sales for Media Networks primarily due to the impact of the channel portfolio review that was undertaken in the previous fiscal year.
Operating income increased 13.6 billion yen
year-on-year
to 68.2 billion yen. This significant increase in operating income was primarily due to the benefit of the above-mentioned channel portfolio review and higher profit margins on Motion Pictures catalog titles. These increases were partially offset by lower profitability in Television Productions due to an increase in development expenses as well as higher costs as a result of an increase in the number of new programs produced for U.S. broadcast and cable networks. Operating income was also impacted by an increase in charges related to the channel portfolio review which totaled 17.0 billion yen in the current fiscal year as compared to 12.8 billion yen in the previous fiscal year.
The operating performance of the Pictures segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 reflected a continued shift in the market to a
non-linear,
on-demand
digital business model in which media distributors increasingly seek to own more of the content they broadcast. In this environment, Sony has worked to enhance the global appeal of its content and enhance its developed and acquired intellectual property, while also striving to build and maintain strong relationships with top content creators and major networks around the world. Pursuant to these strategies, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony acquired AT&T Inc.’s minority stake in Game Show Network, LLC and acquired Silvergate Media Group through which Sony aims to solidify its position as a leader in the U.S. TV game show business and to strengthen its entry into the kids genre, respectively. Additionally, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony carried out a further review of the channel portfolio within Media Networks to streamline and strengthen the business. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, Sony intends to continue initiatives to strengthen its content while maintaining a strong relationship with the creative community.
Current View Regarding the Impact on the Business from the Spread of
COVID-19
Although some movie theaters are reopening, a large number are still closed or must limit the number of patrons, leading to box office revenue around the world being impacted. For this reason, Sony generally has not been able to release its already completed films in theaters. Due to restrictions on peoples’ movement, the production schedules of new motion pictures and television shows by Sony are significantly delayed around the world, especially in the U.S. As a result, in Motion Pictures, theatrical revenues and revenues generated after theatrical release, including home entertainment and television licensing sales, are expected to decrease. On the other hand, digital rental and sell-through revenues for films which Sony released theatrically prior to the spread of
COVID-19
have been strong. In Television Productions, revenues are beginning to be impacted by delays in the delivery of shows to TV networks and digital distribution services. Due to a global reduction in advertising spending, advertising revenue in Media Networks is decreasing significantly, especially in India.
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Electronics Products & Solutions (EP&S)
Key Financial Figures
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Sales to external customers by product category
 
 
TVs
   
788,423
   
 
646,513
 
Audio & Video
   
362,580
   
 
346,060
 
Still and Video Cameras
   
421,506
   
 
384,142
 
Mobile Communications
   
487,330
   
 
362,144
 
Other
   
243,328
   
 
231,021
 
                 
Sales to external customers
   
2,303,167
   
 
1,969,880
 
Intersegment sales
   
17,461
   
 
21,388
 
                 
EP&S segment total sales
   
2,320,628
   
 
1,991,268
 
                 
EP&S segment operating income
   
76,508
   
 
87,276
 
                 
       
 
(Units in millions)
 
Major product unit sales
 
 
TVs
   
11.3
   
 
9.3
 
Digital cameras within
Still and Video Cameras*
   
3.6
   
 
2.9
 
Smartphones within
Mobile Communications
   
6.5
   
 
3.2
 
                 
* Digital cameras include compact digital cameras and interchangeable single-lens cameras.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales decreased 329.4 billion yen
year-on-year
to 1 trillion 991.3 billion yen. This significant decrease in sales was primarily due to a decrease in unit sales of smartphones and televisions, as well as the impact of foreign exchange rates.
Operating income increased 10.8 billion yen
year-on-year
to 87.3 billion yen. This increase in operating income was primarily due to reductions in operating costs mainly within Mobile Communications, as well as a decrease in impairment charges against long-lived assets in Mobile Communications, partially offset by the impact of the decrease in overall segment sales and the negative impact of foreign exchange rates.
The operating performance of the EP&S segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 reflected shrinking markets for televisions, digital cameras and smartphones. In this environment, Sony continued to strengthen its high value-added products in each product area. In addition, Sony carried out initiatives to reduce operational costs in Mobile Communications, with the goal of eliminating the operating loss in Mobile Communications in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021. Sony intends to continue to strengthen operations in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 through these and similar initiatives.
Current View Regarding the Impact on the Business from the Spread of COVID-19
Of the four major manufacturing sites for Sony’s TV business, production was ceased in stages from
mid-March
at the
in-house
factory in Malaysia and at the factories to which Sony outsources in Mexico and Slovakia, pursuant to local government policy. These three factories have returned to partial production, but a portion of supply continues to be insufficient to meet demand. In China and Thailand, the factories owned by Sony that make digital cameras and smartphones are currently operating as usual. Retail sales have decreased significantly due to the closure of retail stores globally, the impact of which is continuing to affect markets like Asia and Latin America. Conversely, in Japan, Europe, North America and China, retail stores are gradually reopening. In addition, sales and profit from digital cameras are being significantly impacted by a substantial slowdown in demand around the world.
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Imaging & Sensing Solutions (I&SS)
Key Financial Figures
                                                       
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Sales to external customers
   
770,622
   
 
985,259
 
Intersegment sales
   
108,708
   
 
85,317
 
                 
I&SS segment total sales
   
879,330
 
 
1,070,576
 
                 
I&SS segment operating income
   
143,874
   
 
235,584
 
                 
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales increased 191.2 billion yen
year-on-year
to 1 trillion 70.6 billion yen. This significant increase in sales was primarily due to a significant increase in sales of image sensors for mobile products, resulting from an improvement in product mix as well as an increase in unit sales, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange rates.
Operating income increased 91.7 billion yen
year-on-year
to 235.6 billion yen. This significant increase in operating income was primarily due to the impact of the above-mentioned increase in sales, partially offset by an increase in depreciation and amortization expenses as well as in research and development expenses and the negative impact of foreign exchange rates.
The operating performance of the I&SS segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 reflected continued growth in demand for image sensors for mobile products, which is currently the most important market for Sony’s image sensors. This growth was largely due to increased demand from smartphone makers for high value-added products such as multi-sensor cameras and
larger-sized
sensors. In this environment, Sony continued to position image sensors as the primary area of focus for capital expenditure in its
mid-range
plan for capital allocation, pursuant to which Sony continued to invest in production capacity for image sensors and increased its customer base while carefully monitoring demand in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Sony intends to continue these initiatives in the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021.
Current View Regarding the Impact on the Business from the Spread of COVID-19
There has been no major impact on Sony’s manufacturing plants in Japan, which are operating as usual. Sony also understands that factory operations and supply chains at most of its major mobile customers, to whom it sells its image sensors, have been recovering. On the other hand, Sony continues to monitor the extent to which the final outlet for Sony’s products, the smartphone market, may decelerate going forward.
G&NS, EP&S and I&SS
Inventory
                                                       
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
G&NS
   
75.1
   
 
56.3
 
EP&S
   
221.3
   
 
206.5
 
I&SS
   
253.4
   
 
      250.5
 
                 
Total
   
549.8
 
 
513.3
 
                 
Sales to External Customers by Geographic Area
                                                       
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
Japan
   
16.6
%  
 
      16.6
%
United States
   
23.8
%  
 
26.7
%
Europe
   
26.6
%  
 
24.7
%
China
   
13.0
%  
 
12.3
%
Asia-Pacific (other than Japan and China)
   
13.3
%  
 
13.0
%
Other
   
6.7
%  
 
6.8
%
                 
Total
   
100
%  
 
100
%
                 
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Manufacturing by Geographic Area
The following tables set forth the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments’ total production breakdown of
in-house
and outsourced production, and the breakdown of
in-house
production by geographic regions.
Total production breakdown of
in-house
and outsourced production*
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
In-house
production
   
64
%  
 
73
%
Outsourced production
   
36
%  
 
27
%
                 
Total
   
100
%  
 
100
%
                 
Breakdown of
in-house
production by geographic regions*
Figures in parentheses indicate the percentage of products that were exported from each geographic region to other regions.
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
Japan
   
47% (89%
)  
 
63% (92%
)
China
   
19% (55%
)  
 
12% (60%
)
Asia-Pacific (other than Japan and China)
   
31% (72%
)  
 
24% (66%
)
Americas and Europe
   
3% (less than 5%
)  
 
1% (20%
)
                 
Total
   
100%
   
 
100%
 
                 
*
Because decimals have been rounded upwards, there may be cases in which the sum of individual figures does not equal 100%.
Conditions at Sony’s Manufacturing Plants Resulting from the Spread of
COVID-19
Sony has four manufacturing plants located in China (two in Shanghai, one in Wuxi, Jiangsu, and one in Huizhou, Guangdong). All of these plants were shut down in accordance with local government mandates, from the beginning of the spring holidays on January 24, 2020 until February 9, 2020. From February 10, 2020 all four plants have
re-started
operations in increments. Almost no supply chain issues remain, and operations have returned to the level they were before the spread of the virus. In accordance with a mandate by the local government, Sony shut down both of its
in-house
manufacturing plants in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur and Penang) from March 18, 2020. On April 16, 2020, Sony received approval from local authorities to
re-start
its Malaysia manufacturing operations, and operations are returning to the level they were before the spread of the virus. Sony shut down its manufacturing plant in the U.K. (Wales) from March 26, 2020 in accordance with a mandate from the local government. From March 31, 2020, Sony partially
re-started
its U.K. manufacturing operations after receiving approval from local authorities under certain conditions. Business has been impacted by factors such as restrictions on the movement of people across national borders, making it difficult for Sony to send engineers to manufacturing hubs such as China and countries in Southeast Asia for the purpose of helping with new product launches or giving instructions on manufacturing.
Financial Services
The Financial Services segment results include Sony Financial Holdings Inc. (“SFH”) and SFH’s consolidated subsidiaries such as Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd.(“Sony Life”), Sony Assurance Inc.(“Sony Assurance”), and Sony Bank Inc. (“Sony Bank”). The results of Sony Life discussed in the Financial Services segment differ from the results that SFH and Sony Life disclose separately on a Japanese statutory basis.
Key Financial Figures
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Financial services revenue
   
1,282,539
   
 
1,307,748
 
                 
Financial Services segment operating income
   
161,477
   
 
129,597
 
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For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, financial services revenue increased 25.2 billion yen
year-on-year
to 1 trillion 307.7 billion yen. This increase in revenue was primarily due to an increase in insurance premium revenue mainly from single premium insurance, partially offset by a deterioration in net gains and losses on investments in the separate account, both at Sony Life. Revenue at Sony Life increased 28.6 billion yen
year-on-year
to 1 trillion 171.7 billion yen.
Operating income decreased 31.9 billion yen
year-on-year
to 129.6 billion yen, due to decreases in operating income at Sony Life and Sony Bank. Operating income at Sony Life decreased 22.1 billion yen
year-on-year
to 123.5 billion yen, mainly due to an increase in the provision of policy reserves and a deterioration in net gains and losses on investments, primarily driven by a decline in the stock market and lower interest rates. Operating income at Sony Bank decreased due to a deterioration in valuation gains and losses on securities.
The operating performance of the Financial Services segment for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 reflected conditions in the Japanese economy and bond market. The Japanese economy remained solid in the first half but declined rapidly in the second half. Bond markets were strongly affected by U.S. monetary policy, and market interest rates declined. In addition, the spread of
COVID-19
from the start of the 2020 calendar year significantly and negatively impacted the economy, and March saw sharp fluctuations in interest rates. Amid these circumstances, SFH strove to become the financial services group most highly trusted by customers in Japan, undertaking a variety of measures to maintain a sound financial base, reinforce and expand product and service offerings in order to deliver high value-added products and high-quality services to each of its customers, and enhance SFH’s internal control system. In the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021, Sony plans to continue to pursue growth in the Financial Services segment by focusing on differentiating itself through high-quality financial products and services.
Current View Regarding the Impact on the Business from the Spread of COVID-19
Pursuant to the announcement of a state of emergency by the Japanese government, all
in-person
sales activity of the Lifeplanner
®
salespeople at Sony Life was suspended from April to May 25, 2020, when the state of emergency was lifted. Although these sales activities have resumed from June 1, 2020, the business was impacted by factors such as a decrease in applications for new insurance policies during the period when sales activities were stopped. It is possible that fluctuations in the financial market could impact the financial results of this segment.
Information on Operations Separating Out the Financial Services Segment
The following schedules show unaudited condensed statements of income for the Financial Services segment and all other segments excluding Financial Services. These presentations are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which is used by Sony to prepare its consolidated financial statements. However, because the Financial Services segment is different in nature from Sony’s other segments, Sony believes that a comparative presentation may be useful in understanding and analyzing Sony’s consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the Financial Services segment and Sony without the Financial Services segment, including noncontrolling interests, are included in those respective presentations, then eliminated in the consolidated figures shown below.
40

Table of Contents
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
        Financial Services segment
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Financial services revenue
   
1,282,539
   
 
1,307,748
 
Financial services expenses
   
1,120,276
   
 
1,179,776
 
Other operating (income) expenses, net
   
104
   
 
(1,729
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
1,120,380
   
 
1,178,047
 
Equity in net loss of affiliated companies
   
(682
)  
 
(104
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating income
   
161,477
   
 
129,597
 
Other income (expenses), net
   
(73
)  
 
(20
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
   
161,404
   
 
129,577
 
Income taxes
   
44,763
   
 
36,311
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net income
   
116,641
   
 
93,266
 
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
235
   
 
483
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net income of Financial Services
   
116,406
   
 
92,783
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
       
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
        Sony without Financial Services segment
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Net sales and operating revenue
   
7,396,401
   
 
6,965,971
 
Costs of sales
   
5,160,284
   
 
4,764,014
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
1,572,714
   
 
1,497,764
 
Other operating (income) expense, net
   
(71,672
)  
 
(3,841
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
6,661,326
   
 
6,257,937
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies
   
(2,317
)  
 
9,741
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating income
   
732,758
   
 
717,775
 
Other income (expenses), net
   
133,929
   
 
(28,299
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
   
866,687
   
 
689,476
 
Income taxes
   
335
   
 
141,552
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net income
   
866,352
   
 
547,924
 
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
8,778
   
 
7,092
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net income of Sony without Financial Services
   
857,574
   
 
540,832
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
       
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
        Consolidated
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Financial services revenue
   
1,274,708
   
 
1,299,847
 
Net sales and operating revenue
   
7,390,979
   
 
6,960,038
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
8,665,687
   
 
8,259,885
 
Costs of sales
   
5,150,750
   
 
4,753,174
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
1,576,825
   
 
1,502,625
 
Financial services expenses
   
1,112,446
   
 
1,171,875
 
Other operating (income) expenses, net
   
(71,568
)  
 
(3,611
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
7,768,453
   
 
7,424,063
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies
   
(2,999
)  
 
9,637
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Operating income
   
894,235
   
 
845,459
 
Other income (expenses), net
   
117,413
   
 
(46,009
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Income before income taxes
   
1,011,648
   
 
799,450
 
Income taxes
   
45,098
   
 
177,190
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net income
   
966,550
   
 
622,260
 
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
50,279
   
 
40,069
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders
   
916,271
   
 
582,191
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
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Table of Contents
All Other
Sales for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 decreased 94.3 billion yen
year-on-year
to 251.4 billion yen. This significant decrease in sales was primarily due to a decrease in sales in the disc manufacturing business and the storage media business.
Operating income of 16.3 billion yen was recorded, compared to operating loss of 11.1 billion yen in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. Despite the impact of the above-mentioned decrease in sales, operating results improved significantly mainly due to the 17.3 billion yen remeasurement and realized gains resulting from the public listing and sale of a portion of shares of SRE Holdings Corporation, as well as the absence of the 12.9 billion yen impairment charge against long-lived assets and goodwill in the storage media business recorded in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
Restructuring
In a highly competitive landscape, Sony has continued to make efforts to optimize the organization and improve the performance of its businesses, and it has undertaken restructuring initiatives including exiting businesses or product categories, reducing headcount, and streamlining its sales and administrative functions. For example, during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony implemented various restructuring initiatives mainly within the EP&S segment, primarily aimed at improving the profitability of Mobile Communications. Additionally, Sony implemented restructuring initiatives in other segments, including the continuation of the review of the channel portfolio within Media Networks in the Pictures segment, which began in the previous fiscal year in an effort to streamline the business.
Sony believes the competitive environment will continue to be difficult, and therefore plans to be vigilant with respect to the scale of its businesses and to changes in the environment. Sony will continue to evaluate the cost and profit structure of its businesses and take action to reduce cost where Sony believes appropriate.
The chart below shows the restructuring charges, which include
non-cash
charges related to depreciation associated with restructured assets, recorded in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020. For further details, refer to Note 20 of the consolidated financial statements.
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Restructuring charges
   
33,091
   
 
24,966
 
Foreign Exchange Fluctuations and Risk Hedging
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, the average rates of the yen were 108.7 yen against the U.S. dollar and 120.8 yen against the euro, which were 2.2 yen and 7.7 yen higher, respectively, than the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. For the latest yen exchange rates per U.S. dollar, refer to “Selected Financial Data” in “Item 3.
Key Information.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, consolidated sales decreased 405.8 billion yen (5%)
year-on-year
to 8,259.9 billion yen. On a constant currency basis, sales decreased approximately 3%
year-on-year.
Consolidated operating income decreased 48.8 billion yen
year-on-year
to 845.5 billion yen. The foreign exchange fluctuations had a negative impact on the consolidated operating results mainly in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments.
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The table below indicates the foreign exchange impact on sales and operating results in each of the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments. For further details, refer to “
Operating Performance by Business Segment
” which discusses the impact of foreign exchange rates within segments and categories where foreign exchange rate fluctuations had a significant impact.
                             
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
   
Impact of changes in
foreign exchange rates
 
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
2019 to 2020
 
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
G&NS
 
Sales
   
2,310.9
   
 
1,977.6
 
 
 
(65.4)
 
 
Operating income
   
311.1
   
 
238.4
 
 
 
(12.2)
 
EP&S
 
Sales
   
2,320.6
   
 
1,991.3
 
 
 
(59.8)
 
 
Operating income
   
76.5
   
 
87.3
 
 
 
(23.0)
 
I&SS
 
Sales
   
879.3
   
 
1,070.6
 
 
 
(22.2)
 
 
Operating income
   
143.9
   
 
235.6
 
 
 
(18.2)
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales for the Music segment increased 5%
year-on-year
to 849.9 billion yen, while sales increased approximately 7%
year-on-year
on a constant currency basis. In the Pictures segment, sales increased 3%
year-on-year
to 1,011.9 billion yen, while sales increased approximately 5% on a U.S. dollar basis. For a detailed analysis of segment performance, refer to the Music and Pictures segments under “
Operating Performance by Business Segment
.” Sony’s Financial Services segment consolidates the
yen-based
results of SFH. As most of the operations in this segment are based in Japan, Sony management analyzes the performance of the Financial Services segment on a yen basis only.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony estimated that a one yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar would have decreased sales in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments by approximately 22.8 billion yen, with almost no impact on operating income. A one yen appreciation against the euro was estimated to decrease sales in these segments by approximately 8.8 billion yen, with a corresponding decrease in operating income of approximately 5.0 billion yen. For more details, refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3.
Key Information
.”
Sony’s consolidated operating results are subject to foreign currency rate fluctuations primarily due to different currency composition of revenue and costs. In the G&NS segment, a significant proportion of costs is incurred in U.S. dollars but sales are recorded in Japanese yen, U.S. dollars or euros. As a result, the yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar has a positive impact on operating income while the yen appreciation against the euro has a negative impact. In the EP&S segment, yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar has a positive impact on operating income, mainly due to a high proportion of manufacturing and other costs for certain key products being incurred in U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, a large portion of sales for certain key products is in emerging markets, resulting in yen appreciation against the currencies of emerging markets having a negative impact on operating profit in the EP&S segment. In the I&SS segment, a significant proportion of sales contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, but manufacturing operations are located in Japan, and, therefore, yen appreciation against the U.S. dollar has a significantly negative impact on operating income.
In order to reduce the risk caused by foreign exchange rate fluctuations, Sony employs derivatives, including foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts, in accordance with a consistent risk management strategy. Such derivatives are used primarily to mitigate the effect of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on cash flows generated or anticipated by Sony’s transactions and accounts receivable and payable denominated in foreign currencies.
Sony Global Treasury Services Plc (“SGTS”) in the U.K. provides integrated treasury services for Sony Corporation, its subsidiaries, and affiliated companies. Sony’s policy is that Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries with foreign exchange exposures should enter into commitments with SGTS to hedge their exposures. Sony Corporation and most of its subsidiaries utilize SGTS for this purpose. Sony’s policy of concentrating its foreign exchange exposures means that SGTS and Sony Corporation hedge most of the net foreign exchange exposure within the Sony group. Sony has a policy on the use of derivatives that, in principle, SGTS should centrally deal with and manage derivatives with financial institutions for risk management purposes. SGTS enters into foreign exchange transactions with creditworthy third-party financial institutions. Most of these transactions are entered into against projected exposures before the actual export and import transactions take place. In general, SGTS hedges the projected exposures for a period of one to three months before the actual transactions take place. Sony enters into foreign exchange transactions with financial institutions primarily for hedging purposes. Sony does not use these derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes except for certain derivatives in the Financial Services segment. In the Financial Services segment, Sony uses derivatives primarily for asset liability management.
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Table of Contents
To minimize the effects of foreign exchange fluctuations on its operating results, particularly in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments, Sony seeks, when appropriate, to localize material and parts procurement, design and manufacturing operations in areas outside of Japan.
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. Foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts and other derivatives that do not qualify as hedges are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses. The notional amount of all the foreign exchange derivative contracts as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 was 1,842.8 billion yen and 1,697.4 billion yen, respectively. The net fair value of all the foreign exchange derivative contracts as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 was a liability of 3.6 billion yen and an asset of 5.2 billion yen, respectively. Refer to Note 14 of the consolidated financial statements.
* Note: In this section, the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on sales is calculated by applying the change in the yen’s periodic weighted average exchange rates for the previous fiscal year from the current fiscal year to the major transactional currencies in which the sales are denominated. The impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on operating income (loss) is calculated by subtracting from the impact on sales the impact on cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses calculated by applying the same major transactional currencies calculation process to cost of sales and selling, general and administrative expenses as for the impact on sales. The I&SS segment enters into its own foreign exchange hedging transactions, and the impact of those transactions is included in the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on operating income (loss) for that segment. Additionally, the impact of foreign exchange hedging transactions entered into by Mobile Communications during the previous fiscal year is included in the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on operating income (loss) for the EP&S segment. The descriptions of sales on a constant currency basis reflect sales obtained by applying the yen’s monthly average exchange rates from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to local currency-denominated monthly sales in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. For SME, Sony/ATV and EMI in the Music segment, and in the Pictures segment, the constant currency amounts are calculated by applying the monthly average U.S. dollar / yen exchange rates after aggregation on a U.S. dollar basis. This information is not a substitute for Sony’s consolidated financial statements measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP. However, Sony believes that these disclosures provide additional useful analytical information to investors regarding the operating performance of Sony.
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Table of Contents
Assets, Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
The following schedules show unaudited condensed balance sheets for the Financial Services segment and all other segments excluding Financial Services. These presentations are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which is used by Sony to prepare its consolidated financial statements. However, because the Financial Services segment is different in nature from Sony’s other segments, Sony believes that a comparative presentation may be useful in understanding and analyzing Sony’s consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the Financial Services segment and Sony without the Financial Services segment, including noncontrolling interests, are included in those respective presentations, then eliminated in the consolidated figures shown below.
                                                 
 
Financial Services
   
Sony without
Financial Services
   
Consolidated
 
 
March 31
2019
   
March 31
2020
 
 
March 31
2019
   
March 31
2020
 
 
March 31
2019
   
March 31
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Cash and cash equivalents (*1)
   
509,595
   
 
550,039
 
   
960,478
   
 
962,318
 
   
1,470,073
   
 
1,512,357
 
Marketable securities (*2)
   
1,324,538
   
 
1,847,772
 
   
   
 
 
   
1,324,538
   
 
1,847,772
 
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets
   
16,479
   
 
10,532
 
   
1,055,669
   
 
999,976
 
   
1,065,802
   
 
1,002,920
 
Inventories
   
   
 
 
   
653,278
   
 
589,969
 
   
653,278
   
 
589,969
 
Other receivables
   
63,921
   
 
73,117
 
   
159,758
   
 
115,100
 
   
223,620
   
 
188,106
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
133,214
   
 
181,247
 
   
376,778
   
 
413,496
 
   
509,301
   
 
594,021
 
                   
Total current assets
   
2,047,747
   
 
2,662,707
 
   
3,205,961
   
 
3,080,859
 
   
5,246,612
   
 
5,735,145
 
                   
Film costs
   
   
 
 
   
409,005
   
 
427,336
 
   
409,005
   
 
427,336
 
Investments and advances (*3)
   
11,400,938
   
 
12,457,977
 
   
399,696
   
 
351,936
 
   
11,724,651
   
 
12,734,132
 
Investments in Financial Services, at cost
   
   
 
 
   
153,968
   
 
153,968
 
   
   
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
   
22,920
   
 
18,247
 
   
752,847
   
 
890,640
 
   
777,053
   
 
908,644
 
Other assets:
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
Right-of-use
assets
   
   
 
58,897
 
   
   
 
333,753
 
   
   
 
392,610
 
Intangibles, net (*3)
   
42,968
   
 
49,871
 
   
874,998
   
 
856,439
 
   
917,966
   
 
906,310
 
Goodwill (*3)
   
7,225
   
 
10,834
 
   
761,327
   
 
773,054
 
   
768,552
   
 
783,888
 
Deferred insurance acquisition costs
   
595,265
   
 
600,901
 
   
   
 
 
   
595,265
   
 
600,901
 
Deferred income taxes
   
3,533
   
 
10,365
 
   
198,953
   
 
200,021
 
   
202,486
   
 
210,372
 
Other
   
32,085
   
 
38,949
 
   
311,653
   
 
305,028
 
   
339,996
   
 
340,005
 
                   
Total other assets
   
681,076
   
 
769,817
 
   
2,146,931
   
 
2,468,295
 
   
2,824,265
   
 
3,234,086
 
             
Total assets
   
14,152,681
   
 
15,908,748
 
   
7,068,408
   
 
7,373,034
 
   
20,981,586
   
 
23,039,343
 
             
                                                 
Liabilities and Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
Short-term borrowings (*4)
   
564,609
   
 
758,737
 
   
226,470
   
 
81,246
 
   
791,079
   
 
839,983
 
Short-term operating lease liabilities
   
   
 
9,363
 
   
   
 
59,595
 
   
   
 
68,942
 
Notes and accounts payable, trade
   
   
 
 
   
492,124
   
 
380,810
 
   
492,124
   
 
380,810
 
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses
   
40,228
   
 
40,457
 
   
1,653,895
   
 
1,591,072
 
   
1,693,048
   
 
1,630,197
 
Accrued income and other taxes
   
19,655
   
 
22,825
 
   
115,571
   
 
123,171
 
   
135,226
   
 
145,996
 
Deposits from customers in the banking business
   
2,302,314
   
 
2,440,783
 
   
   
 
 
   
2,302,314
   
 
2,440,783
 
Other
   
197,123
   
 
226,455
 
   
474,926
   
 
514,368
 
   
666,024
   
 
733,732
 
                   
Total current liabilities
   
3,123,929
   
 
3,498,620
 
   
2,962,986
   
 
2,750,262
 
   
6,079,815
   
 
6,240,443
 
                   
Long-term debt
   
235,761
   
 
240,143
 
   
336,349
   
 
398,793
 
   
568,372
   
 
634,966
 
Long-term operating lease liabilities
   
   
 
41,192
 
   
   
 
273,668
 
   
   
 
314,836
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
33,979
   
 
34,211
 
   
350,253
   
 
290,444
 
   
384,232
   
 
324,655
 
Deferred income taxes
   
355,356
   
 
391,883
 
   
176,065
   
 
173,022
 
   
531,421
   
 
549,538
 
Future insurance policy benefits and other (*5)
   
5,642,671
   
 
6,246,047
 
   
   
 
 
   
5,642,671
   
 
6,246,047
 
Policyholders’ account in the insurance business
   
3,048,202
   
 
3,642,271
 
   
   
 
 
   
3,048,202
   
 
3,642,271
 
Other
   
15,488
   
 
21,843
 
   
288,164
   
 
289,574
 
   
281,382
   
 
289,285
 
                   
Total liabilities
   
12,455,386
   
 
14,116,210
 
   
4,113,817
   
 
4,175,763
 
   
16,536,095
   
 
18,242,041
 
                   
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
   
   
 
 
   
8,801
   
 
7,767
 
   
8,801
   
 
7,767
 
Equity:
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
Stockholders’ equity of Financial Services
   
1,695,563
   
 
1,790,333
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
Stockholders’ equity of Sony without Financial Services
   
   
 
 
   
2,850,380
   
 
3,159,071
 
   
   
 
 
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
3,746,377
   
 
4,125,306
 
Noncontrolling interests
   
1,732
   
 
2,205
 
   
95,410
   
 
30,433
 
   
690,313
   
 
664,229
 
                   
Total Equity
   
1,697,295
   
 
1,792,538
 
   
2,945,790
   
 
3,189,504
 
   
4,436,690
   
 
4,789,535
 
             
Total liabilities and equity
   
14,152,681
   
 
15,908,748
 
   
7,068,408
   
 
7,373,034
 
   
20,981,586
   
 
23,039,343
 
   
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*1 Refer to Cash Flow section below for details regarding the
year-on-year
increase in cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2020 in all segments excluding Financial Services segment.
*2 Marketable securities as of March 31, 2020 in the Financial Services segment increased
year-on-year
mainly due to the impact of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance becoming wholly-owned subsidiaries of SFH. Refer to Note 25 of the consolidated financial statements.
*3 Investments and advances as of March 31, 2020 in the Financial Services segment increased
year-on-year
due to increases in investments and advances mainly at Sony Life.
*4 Short-term borrowings as of March 31, 2020 in all segments excluding the Financial Services segment decreased primarily due to the repayment of the current portion of long-term debt.
*5 Future insurance policy benefits and other as of March 31, 2020 in the Financial Services segment increased
year-on-year
due to an increase in future insurance policy benefits mainly at Sony Life.
Investments
The following table contains
available-for-sale
and
held-to-maturity
securities, including the breakdown of unrealized gains and losses by investment category.
                                 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Cost
   
Gross
unrealized
 gains
   
Gross
unrealized
 losses
   
Fair
value
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Financial Services Business:
   
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
     
     
     
 
Sony Life
   
1,815,487
     
309,294
     
(484
)    
2,124,297
 
Sony Bank
   
702,462
     
3,601
     
(2,065
)    
703,998
 
Other
   
83,833
     
137
     
(822
)    
83,148
 
Held-to-maturity
securities
   
     
     
     
 
Sony Life
   
7,334,780
     
2,439,769
     
(6,078
)    
9,768,471
 
Sony Bank
   
5,418
     
     
(421
)    
4,997
 
Other
   
78,314
     
22,927
     
(73
)    
101,168
 
Total Financial Services
   
10,020,294
     
2,775,728
     
(9,943
)    
12,786,079
 
Non-Financial
Services:
   
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
1,370
     
     
     
1,370
 
Held-to-maturity
securities
   
     
     
     
 
Total
Non-Financial
Services
   
1,370
     
     
     
1,370
 
Consolidated
   
10,021,664
     
2,775,728
     
(9,943
)    
12,787,449
 
As of March 31, 2020, Sony Life had debt securities with gross unrealized losses of 6.6 billion yen. Of the unrealized loss, 7.1% related to securities in an unrealized loss position for periods greater than 12 months as of March 31, 2020. Sony Life principally invests in Japanese and foreign government and corporate bonds. Almost all of the debt securities in which Sony Life invested were rated higher than or equal to “BBB” or its equivalent by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) or other rating agencies.
As of March 31, 2020, Sony Bank had debt securities with gross unrealized losses of 2.5 billion yen. Of the unrealized loss, 4.3% related to securities in an unrealized loss position for periods greater than 12 months as of March 31, 2020. Sony Bank principally invests in Japanese government bonds, Japanese corporate bonds, and foreign bonds. Almost all of these securities were rated higher than or equal to “BBB” or its equivalent by S&P, Moody’s or other rating agencies.
These unrealized losses related to numerous investments, with no single investment being in a material unrealized loss position for greater than 12 months. In addition, there was no individual security with unrealized losses that met the test for impairment as the decline in values were small both in amount and percentage, and the decline in values for those investments were still determined to be temporary in nature.
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For fixed maturity securities with unrecognized losses held by Sony Life as of March 31, 2020 (6.6 billion yen), maturity dates vary as follows:
         
• Within 1 year:
   
 
• 1 to 5 years:
   
 
• 5 to 10 years:
   
 
• above 10 years:
   
100.0
%
For fixed maturity securities with unrecognized losses held by Sony Bank as of March 31, 2020 (2.5 billion yen), maturity dates vary as follows:
         
• Within 1 year:
   
22.4
%
• 1 to 5 years:
   
59.1
%
• 5 to 10 years:
   
1.0
%
• above 10 years:
   
17.5
%
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, Sony Life recorded no net realized gains on
available-for-sale
securities.
In the ordinary course of business, Sony maintains long-term investment securities, included in securities investments and other, issued by various
non-public
companies. The aggregate carrying amount of the investments in
non-public
companies as of March 31, 2020 was 30.1 billion yen. A
non-public
equity investment is measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment in the same issuer.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, total realized impairment losses were 4.3 billion yen and 9.1 billion yen, respectively, of which 0.02 billion yen and 0.02 billion yen, respectively, were recorded in financial services revenue by the subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment. Realized impairment losses recorded other than by subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment in each of the two fiscal years were reflected in
non-operating
expenses and primarily relate to certain strategic investments in
non-Financial
Services businesses. These investments primarily relate to certain strategic investments in Japan and the U.S. with which Sony has strategic relationships for the purposes of developing and marketing new technologies. Impairment losses were recorded for each of the two fiscal years as certain companies failed to successfully develop and market such technology, resulting in the operating performance of these companies being more unfavorable than previously expected. As a result, the decline in the fair value of these companies was judged as other-than-temporary. None of these impairment losses were individually material to Sony.
Upon determination that the value of an investment is impaired, the value of the investment is written down to its fair value. For an investment where the quoted price is available in an active market, fair value is determined based on unadjusted quoted prices as of the date on which the impairment determination is made. For investments where the quoted price is not available in an active market, fair value is usually determined based on quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or measured through the use of various methodologies such as pricing models, discounted cash flow techniques, or similar techniques that require significant management judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the investments. The impairment losses that were recorded in each of the two fiscal years related to the unique facts and circumstances of each individual investment and did not significantly impact other investments.
Sony Life and Sony Bank’s investments constitute the majority of the investments in the Financial Services segment. As of March 31, 2020, Sony Life and Sony Bank account for approximately 93% and 6% of the investments in the Financial Services segment, respectively.
Cash Flows
Operating Activities: During the current fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, there was a net cash inflow of 1 trillion 349.7 billion yen from operating activities, an increase of 91.0 billion yen
year-on-year.
For all segments excluding the Financial Services segment, there was a net cash inflow of 762.9 billion yen, an increase of 9.4 billion yen
year-on-year.
This increase was primarily due to an increase in net income after taking into account
non-cash
adjustments (including depreciation and amortization, other operating (income) expense, net and (gain) loss on securities investments, net, as well as the impact of the reversal of valuation allowances against deferred tax assets in Sony Americas Holdings Inc. and its U.S. consolidated tax group in the previous fiscal year) as well as a larger
year-on-year
decrease in notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets. This increase in net cash inflow was partially offset by the negative impact of a decrease in accounts payable, trade compared to an increase in the previous fiscal year.
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Table of Contents
The Financial Services segment had a net cash inflow of 604.2 billion yen, an increase of 82.6 billion yen
year-on-year.
This increase was primarily due to a
year-on-year
increase in net income after taking into account
non-cash
adjustments such as depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs and contract costs.
Investing Activities: During the current fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony used 1 trillion 352.3 billion yen of net cash in investing activities, an increase of 44.8 billion yen
year-on-year.
For all segments excluding the Financial Services segment, there was a net cash outflow of 363.1 billion yen, a decrease of 157.3 billion yen
year-on-year.
This decrease was mainly due to the cash inflow from the sale of all of Sony’s shares of Olympus Corporation, as well as the absence of payment for the purchase of the approximately 60% equity interest of EMI that occurred in the previous fiscal year. This decrease in net cash outflow was partially offset by an increase in payments for purchases of fixed assets. Additionally, the previous fiscal year included net cash inflow resulting from the sale of certain shares of Spotify.
The Financial Services segment used 989.1 billion yen of net cash in investing activities, an increase of 202.0 billion yen year on year. This increase was mainly due to a
year-on-year
increase in payments for investments and advances carried out at Sony Life.
Financing Activities: Net cash inflow from financing activities during the current fiscal year was 65.7 billion yen, compared to net cash outflow of 122.9 billion yen in the previous fiscal year.
For all segments excluding the Financial Services segment, there was a 377.1 billion yen net cash outflow, a decrease of 144.0 billion yen
year-on-year.
This decrease was mainly due to the
year-on-year
decrease in the redemption of straight bonds and the repayment of long-term debt, as well as funds raised through the issuance of straight bonds in October 2019, partially offset by a payment related to the repurchases of shares of Sony’s own common stock (33,059,200 shares for a total purchase price of 200.0 billion yen) which was approved at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on May 16, 2019.
In the Financial Services segment, there was a 425.3 billion yen net cash inflow, an increase of 43.4 billion yen year on year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in short-term borrowings at Sony Life.
Accounting for the above factors and the effect of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, the total outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents at March 31, 2020 was 1 trillion 512.4 billion yen. Cash and cash equivalents of all segments excluding the Financial Services segment was 962.3 billion yen at March 31, 2020, an increase of 1.8 billion yen compared with the balance as of March 31, 2019. Within the Financial Services segment, the outstanding balance of cash and cash equivalents was 550.0 billion yen at March 31, 2020, an increase of 40.4 billion yen compared with the balance as of March 31, 2019.
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Table of Contents
Information on Cash Flows Separating Out the Financial Services Segment
The following schedules show unaudited condensed statements of cash flows for the Financial Services segment and all other segments excluding Financial Services. These presentations are not in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which is used by Sony to prepare its consolidated financial statements. However, because the Financial Services segment is different in nature from Sony’s other segments, Sony believes that a comparative presentation may be useful in understanding and analyzing Sony’s consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the Financial Services segment and Sony without the Financial Services segment, including noncontrolling interests, are included in those respective presentations, then eliminated in the consolidated figures shown below.
                                                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
Financial Services
   
Sony without
Financial Services
   
Consolidated
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
   
116,641
   
 
93,266
 
   
866,352
   
 
547,924
 
   
966,550
   
 
622,260
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs and contract costs
   
91,179
   
 
106,667
 
   
282,847
   
 
309,975
 
   
374,026
   
 
416,642
 
Amortization of film costs
   
   
 
 
   
348,493
   
 
329,809
 
   
348,493
   
 
329,809
 
Other operating (income) expense, net
   
104
   
 
(1,729
)
   
(71,672
)  
 
(3,841
)
   
(71,568
)  
 
(3,611
)
(Gain) loss on marketable securities and securities investments, net
   
(66,383
)  
 
93,088
 
   
(118,630
)  
 
20,177
 
   
(185,013
)  
 
113,265
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
 
 
(Increase) decrease in notes, accounts receivable, trade and contract assets
   
(867
)  
 
5,947
 
   
2,056
   
 
55,466
 
   
1,144
   
 
62,654
 
(Increase) decrease in inventories
   
   
 
 
   
30,455
   
 
40,315
 
   
30,455
   
 
40,315
 
(Increase) decrease in film costs
   
   
 
 
   
(410,994
)  
 
(361,194
)
   
(410,994
)  
 
(361,194
)
Increase (decrease) in notes and accounts payable, trade
   
   
 
 
   
18,534
   
 
(91,435
)
   
18,534
   
 
(91,435
)
Increase (decrease) in future insurance policy benefits and other
   
544,179
   
 
520,683
 
   
   
 
 
   
544,179
   
 
520,683
 
(Increase) decrease in deferred insurance acquisition costs
   
(88,807
)  
 
(99,433
)
   
   
 
 
   
(88,807
)  
 
(99,433
)
(Increase) decrease in marketable securities held in the life insurance business
   
(64,034
)  
 
(124,270
)
   
   
 
 
   
(64,034
)  
 
(124,270
)
Other
   
(10,334
)  
 
10,021
 
   
(194,002
)  
 
(84,346
)
   
(204,227
)  
 
(75,940
)
                   
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
   
521,678
   
 
604,240
 
   
753,439
   
 
762,850
 
   
1,258,738
   
 
1,349,745
 
                   
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payments for purchases of fixed assets
   
(18,610
)  
 
(21,822
)
   
(294,044
)  
 
(420,149
)
   
(312,644
)  
 
(439,761
)
Payments for investments and advances
   
(1,078,250
)  
 
(1,319,888
)
   
(53,525
)  
 
(48,853
)
   
(1,131,775
)  
 
(1,367,915
)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances
   
309,498
   
 
343,740
 
   
84,909
   
 
94,813
 
   
394,407
   
 
438,553
 
Other
   
287
   
 
8,873
 
   
(257,719
)  
 
11,100
 
   
(257,433
)  
 
16,845
 
                   
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
   
(787,075
)  
 
(989,097
)
   
(520,379
)  
 
(363,089
)
   
(1,307,445
)  
 
(1,352,278
)
                   
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in borrowings, net
   
160,902
   
 
193,709
 
   
(325,247
)  
 
(79,572
)
   
(164,341
)  
 
113,724
 
Increase (decrease) in deposits from customers, net
   
246,945
   
 
258,720
 
   
   
 
 
   
246,945
   
 
258,720
 
Dividends paid
   
(26,100
)  
 
(27,189
)
   
(38,067
)  
 
(49,574
)
   
(38,067
)  
 
(49,574
)
Other
   
112
   
 
61
 
   
(157,799
)  
 
(247,754
)
   
(167,421
)  
 
(257,212
)
                   
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
   
381,859
   
 
425,301
 
   
(521,113
)  
 
(377,080
)
   
(122,884
)  
 
65,658
 
                   
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
   
   
 
 
   
52,465
   
 
(21,643
)
   
52,465
   
 
(21,643
)
                   
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted
   
116,462
   
 
40,444
 
   
(235,588
)  
 
1,038
 
   
(119,126
)  
 
41,482
 
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at beginning of the fiscal year
   
393,133
   
 
509,595
 
   
1,199,806
   
 
964,218
 
   
1,592,939
   
 
1,473,813
 
                   
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at end of the fiscal year
   
509,595
   
 
550,039
 
   
964,218
   
 
965,256
 
   
1,473,813
   
 
1,515,295
 
                   
Less — restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in other current assets and other assets
   
   
 
 
   
3,740
   
 
2,938
 
   
3,740
   
 
2,938
 
                   
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the fiscal year
   
509,595
   
 
550,039
 
   
960,478
   
 
962,318
 
   
1,470,073
   
 
1,512,357
 
   
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Table of Contents
B.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The description below covers basic financial policy and figures for Sony’s consolidated operations except for the Financial Services segment and SMN Corporation, which secure liquidity on their own. Furthermore, the Financial Services segment is described separately at the end of this section.
Liquidity Management and Market Access
An important financial objective of Sony is to maintain the strength of its balance sheet, while securing adequate liquidity for business activities. Sony defines its liquidity sources as the amount of cash and cash equivalents (“cash balance”) (excluding restrictions on capital transfers mainly due to national regulations) and the unused amount of committed lines of credit.
Funding requirements that arise from maintaining liquidity are principally covered by cash flow from operating and investing activities (including asset sales) and by the available cash balance; however, Sony also raises funds as needed from financial and capital markets through means such as corporate bonds, commercial paper (“CP”) and bank loans.
Sony Corporation, SGTS and Sony Capital Corporation (“SCC”), a finance subsidiary in the U.S., maintain CP programs with access to the Japanese, U.S. and European CP markets. The borrowing limits under these CP programs, translated into yen, were 1,044.2 billion yen in total for Sony Corporation, SGTS and SCC as of March 31, 2020. There were no amounts outstanding under the CP programs as of March 31, 2020.
If disruption and volatility occur in financial and capital markets and Sony becomes unable to raise sufficient funds from these sources, Sony may also draw down funds from contractually committed lines of credit from various financial institutions. Sony has a total, translated into yen, of 517.1 billion yen in unused committed lines of credit, as of March 31, 2020. Details of those committed lines of credit are: a 275.0 billion yen committed line of credit contracted with a syndicate of Japanese banks, a 1.7 billion U.S. dollar multi-currency committed line of credit also contracted with a syndicate of Japanese banks and a 525 million U.S. dollar multi-currency committed line of credit contracted with a syndicate of foreign banks. The above 525 million U.S. dollar committed line with a syndicate of foreign banks was renewed as of April 1, 2020 and increased to 1,050 million U.S. dollars. Sony currently believes that it can sustain sufficient liquidity through access to committed lines of credit with financial institutions, together with its available cash balance, even in the event that financial and capital markets become illiquid.
In the event of a downgrade in Sony’s credit ratings, there are no financial covenants in any of Sony’s material financial agreements with financial institutions that would cause an acceleration of the obligation. Even though the cost of borrowing for some committed lines of credit could change according to Sony’s credit ratings, there are no financial covenants that would cause any impairment on the ability to draw down on unused facilities.
Ratings
Sony considers one of management’s top priorities to be the maintenance of stable and appropriate credit ratings in order to ensure financial flexibility for liquidity and capital management and continued adequate access to sufficient funding resources in the financial and capital markets.
In order to facilitate access to global capital markets, Sony obtains credit ratings from two rating agencies, Moody’s and S&P. In order to facilitate access to Japanese financial and capital markets, Sony obtains credit ratings from two agencies in Japan, Rating and Investment Information, Inc. and Japan Credit Rating Agency, Ltd.
Sony currently believes that it has access to sufficient funding resources in the financial and capital markets. For information regarding a possible further rating downgrade, refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3.
Key Information
.”
Cash Management
Sony manages its global cash management activities primarily through SCC in the U.S. and through SGTS in other regions. The excess or shortage of cash at most of Sony’s subsidiaries is invested or funded by Sony Corporation, SGTS and SCC on a net basis, although Sony recognizes that fund transfers are limited in certain countries and geographic areas due to restrictions on capital transactions. In order to pursue more efficient cash
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Table of Contents 
management, cash surpluses among Sony’s subsidiaries are deposited with SGTS and SCC, and cash shortfalls among subsidiaries are covered by loans through SGTS and SCC, so that Sony can make use of excess cash balances and reduce third-party borrowings. Where local restrictions prevent an efficient intercompany transfer of funds, Sony’s intent is that cash balances remain outside of SGTS and SCC and that Sony meet its liquidity needs through ongoing cash flows, external borrowings, or both. Sony does not expect restrictions of capital transactions on amounts held outside of Japan to have a material effect on Sony’s overall liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.
Financial Services segment
The management of SFH, Sony Life, Sony Assurance and Sony Bank recognizes the importance of securing sufficient liquidity to cover the payment of obligations that these companies incur in the ordinary course of business. Sony Life, Sony Assurance and Sony Bank maintain a sufficient cash balance and secure sufficient means to meet their obligations while abiding by laws and regulations such as the Insurance Business Act or the Banking Act of Japan, and restrictions imposed by the Financial Services Agency and other regulatory authorities as well as establishing and operating under company guidelines that comply with these regulations. Sony Life and Sony Assurance establish a sufficient level of liquidity for the smooth payment of insurance claims when they invest primarily in various securities cash inflows which are mainly from policyholders’ insurance premiums. Sony Bank maintains a necessary level of liquidity for the smooth settlement of transactions when it uses its cash inflows, which come mainly from customers’ deposits in local currency, in order to offer mortgage loans to individuals, and the remaining cash inflows are invested mainly in marketable securities. Cash inflows from customers’ deposits in foreign currencies are invested mainly in investment instruments of the same currency.
In addition, Sony’s subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are subject to the Japanese Insurance Business Act and Banking Act, which require insurance and business companies to maintain their financial credibility and to secure protection for policyholders and depositors in view of the public nature of insurance and banking services. As such, lending and borrowing between subsidiaries in the Financial Service segment and the other companies within Sony Group is strictly limited. Sony’s subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are managed separately from Sony’s cash management activities through SGTS as mentioned above.
For further information about Sony’s views regarding utilization of cash flow from operating activities generated within the Sony Group for strategic investments, shareholder returns and as cash on hand, refer to “Issues Facing Sony and Management’s Response to those Issues: Third
Mid-Range
Plan — Financial Targets and their Progress.”
C.
Research and Development
As a creative entertainment company with a solid foundation of technology, Sony promotes research and development (“R&D”) based on its mission to “fill the world with emotion through the power of technology.” Sony also believes that it is essential to align itself with the motivations of both creators and users in order to achieve its corporate direction of “getting closer to people.” In September 2019, Sony held the first Sony Technology Day, where it introduced cutting-edge technologies that connect the diverse businesses within the Sony Group. People are at the core of the Sony Group’s wide-ranging business portfolio, which is centered around the goals of “moving people’s hearts,” “connecting people to people” and “supporting people.” Sony plans to contribute to society through its technology as the societal significance of its businesses grows.
Through Corporate R&D (Sony’s research and development organization), Sony is realizing contributions to the entire Sony Group, setting the direction for robust technological development over the
mid-
to long-term, and enhancing open innovation. While supporting R&D activities in each business, Sony is connecting multiple businesses through technology as well as promoting initiatives in fields such as sensing, agent processing and output expression that contribute to differentiation in key areas. In carrying out Corporate R&D activities mainly focused on the next
three-to-ten
years, Sony shares the results of its research with the outside world as intellectual property, and then uses feedback from outside the company on that research to refine its development roadmap and periodically review how its R&D activities are aligned with its corporate strategy. From the standpoint of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environment, Social and Governance (ESG), Sony also aims to contribute widely to society through technology, by delivering safety and security and by solving problems surrounding resources and the environment.
Sony carries out Corporate R&D activities in collaboration with multiple R&D centers in Japan, China, Europe and the United States, utilizing the different characteristics and strengths of each area. Additionally, Sony
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is proceeding with preparations to establish a new R&D center in India in an effort to strengthen its R&D presence overseas, and is also enhancing ease of movement for management and personnel between each R&D center and strengthening its R&D from more diverse perspectives. For cross-sectional projects such as those in the Entertainment and Financial Services areas, Sony assembles teams with members from various organizations to promote R&D activities through the flexible and efficient collection of knowledge. Sony is also proactively taking part in open innovation, including collaboration with universities and other research institutions, in an effort to gain insight into the motivations of creators and users from a wider perspective to enhance the potential of its business. 
R&D costs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 increased by 18.1 billion yen to 499.3 billion yen. The ratio of R&D costs to total revenue excluding Financial Services was 7.2% compared to 6.5% in the previous fiscal year.
The following table includes R&D costs in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
R&D costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
G&NS
   
116.3
   
 
126.7
 
EP&S
   
162.8
   
 
145.9
 
I&SS
   
124.2
   
 
143.5
 
Corporate R&D
   
45.9
   
 
44.1
 
                 
Total
   
481.2
   
 
499.3
 
                 
D.
Trend Information
This section contains forward-looking statements about the possible future performance of Sony and should be read in light of the cautionary statement on that subject, which appears on the inside front cover page and applies to this entire document.
Issues Facing Sony and Management’s Response to those Issues
The global economy remained sluggish during the first half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 due to heightened geopolitical tensions such as intensifying U.S.-China trade friction and the withdrawal of Britain from the European Union (“Brexit”). In the second half of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, intermittent upturns in U.S.-China trade negotiations and decreased concerns about Brexit occurring without a withdrawal agreement (a
no-deal
Brexit) helped raise expectations that the deceleration of the global economy was bottoming out. However, the situation changed completely after the beginning of 2020 due to the spread of
COVID-19
around the world, and the global economy slowed rapidly toward the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Currently, uncertainty in the outlook for the global economy is increasing due to difficulties predicting when the spread of
COVID-19
will diminish, and due to the reignition of trade friction between the U.S. and China.
Sony has a wide range of businesses globally. In addition to these changes in the global economy, changes in the business environment, such as increasingly intense pricing pressure from competitors, shrinking markets for certain key products and services, as well as shorter product cycles, are impacting each of Sony’s business segments. For further details about the business environment surrounding each business segment, refer to “Risk Factors” in “Item 3.
Key Information
” and “Operating Results” in “Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
.”
In this business environment, Sony has continued to prioritize management with a long-term view, and it has carried out initiatives such as promoting the evolution and growth of each business, as well as accelerating “One Sony” initiatives, with the goal of enhancing the corporate value of the entire Sony Group. These initiatives are based on Sony’s Purpose, which is to “fill the world with emotion through the power of creativity and technology,” as well as Sony’s corporate direction of “getting closer to people.” For details on the performance of each business segment in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, also refer to “Operating Results” in “Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
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Business Portfolio
People are at the core of Sony’s business portfolio, and that portfolio is comprised of:
  Content and
Direct-to-Consumer
(“DTC”) businesses that “move people’s hearts”
Content and DTC businesses, which work with creators to make emotionally impactful content and deliver it to users, aim to “move people’s hearts.”
  Branded Hardware and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) image sensors that “connect people to people”
The Branded Hardware business provides equipment that is essential for creators to create, and for users to enjoy, emotionally impactful content. The CMOS image sensor business provides a key component for smartphones, which are used by people around the world to share their emotions. These businesses aim to “connect people to people.”
  Automotive sensing, medical and financial services businesses that “support people”
The automotive sensing business, which aims to contribute to the future of mobility by supporting people’s safety through imaging and sensing technology for autonomous driving, the medical business, which contributes to people’s health by utilizing technologies such as imaging and mechatronics, and the financial service business, which contributes to people’s lives and financial safety through financial services such as life insurance,
non-life
insurance and banking, are businesses that aim to “support people.” Sony views these businesses as growth businesses over the long-term and believes they provide opportunities to leverage Sony’s technology.
Group Management and Direction of the Evolution of Each Business
<Actions to Strengthen Group Management>
Sony will change its group organizational structure in order to drive the evolution of each business and further leverage the diversity of its business portfolio, as set forth below.
  Launch of “Sony Group Corporation” as Sony Group headquarters (Effective April 1, 2021)
  Sony Corporation will change its company name to “Sony Group Corporation” as of April 1, 2021.
  Sony Corporation currently operates as the headquarters of the Sony Group, and provides headquarters support functions for its electronics business. As a result of the separation and redefinition of these functions, “Sony Group Corporation” will operate as the sole headquarters of the Sony Group.
  With the objective of increasing the corporate value of the entire Sony Group from a long-term perspective, the key missions of “Sony Group Corporation” will be: (1) business portfolio management and strategic capital allocation, (2) value creation through group synergies and business incubation, and (3) investment in talent and technology that form the foundations of innovation. Further details regarding specific functions, organizational structure and personnel will be determined by April 2021.
  The decision to change the company name and amend a part of the Articles of Incorporation was approved at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 26, 2020.
  Sony Electronics Corporation to inherit the “Sony Corporation” company name (Effective April 1, 2021)
  In conjunction with the launch of “Sony Group Corporation” on April 1, 2021, Sony Electronics Corporation, which currently operates the electronics business (the EP&S segment) which was the origin of Sony’s business as a whole, will inherit the company name “Sony Corporation.”
  Sony Electronics Corporation was established as an intermediate holding company overseeing various Sony electronics subsidiaries effective April 1, 2020. Going forward, Sony Electronics Corporation will proceed with the realignment of its business entities and platform organizations and optimize its structure, talent and business portfolio, while further enhancing competitiveness and promoting new business creation.
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  Financial Services business to become a wholly-owned subsidiary
  In order to achieve further growth and strengthen governance within the financial services business with the goal of enhancing the corporate value of the entire Sony Group, Sony Corporation resolved to make a tender offer for all of the common shares and related stock acquisition rights of SFH not held by Sony Corporation, of which it currently owns an approximately 65% stake, with a view to making SFH a wholly-owned subsidiary. Sony Corporation commenced the tender offer on May 20, 2020. Please also refer to Note 30 of the consolidated financial statements.
  The financial services business is a core business that is integral to the long-term growth strategies of the Sony Group. SFH has maintained its position as a listed subsidiary primarily considering its ability to flexibly procure capital for growth. However, Sony has decided to make a tender offer with the aim of making SFH a wholly-owned subsidiary in order to ensure the implementation of optimized strategies for each business, and to drive further group-wide synergies rather than continue to operate the business within certain constraints as a listed subsidiary.
<G&NS>
  The two keywords for the future direction of PlayStation
®
are “immersive” and “seamless.”
  The launch of PS5, scheduled for the 2020 holiday season, will deliver even more immersive experiences on a game console. In particular, higher speed achieved through improved computational power and a customized ultra-fast broadband solid state drive (SSD), enhanced sensory perceptions generated by the new revolutionary controller, and sound delivered in diverse and sophisticated 3D audio will combine to realize next-generation console game experiences unlike anything before.
  PS Now, a cloud streaming game service, and “Remote Play” functionality will provide a seamless game experience to users anytime and anywhere.
  Sony will pursue its mission to make PlayStation “The Best Place to Play” by leveraging the latest computing, streaming, cloud and 5G technologies, together with excellent content.
<Music>
  To maximize the business opportunities from the continuing growth of the subscription digital streaming market, Sony will seek to reinforce the quality and quantity of its music catalog, while also discovering and nurturing new artists to generate new music content.
  The music business is expected to grow steadily due to the strengthening of the music publishing business through the consolidation of EMI in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 as well as the growth of the streaming market.
  The Sony Music Group, which combines the recorded music and the music publishing businesses outside of Japan, was established in August 2019. With a vision to become the most talent-friendly music company, the Sony Music Group will continue to support artists from all directions.
  Within Sony’s music business in Japan, Sony has created hits in diverse IP areas such as music, Japanese animation (“anime”) and character merchandising, and also plans to enhance its artist management business.
<Pictures>
  As new DTC services are continuing to be introduced across the industry and demand for content is ever-increasing, Sony is investing in the development of owned IP and strengthening its creative capacity, as well as continuing to produce outstanding video content across diverse genres.
  Sony will continue to closely monitor the impact from the spread of
COVID-19
on the consumption of video content going forward, while working with the creative community and its supply chain partners, including exhibitors, towards resuming theatrical release of its films.
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<Animation*>
  Sony aims to engage in group-wide efforts to deliver anime to audiences around the world through its anime DTC services.
  In China, where growth in digital entertainment is expected, Sony will strive to strengthen its relationships with local companies in areas such as anime, games and music.
*Animation is not classified as a business segment. Its operating results are included in the operating results of the G&NS, Music and Pictures segments.
<EP&S>
  Sony defines the products that bear the Sony brand, including television, audio and video products, still and video cameras, as well as smartphones, collectively as Branded Hardware. Sony continues to introduce products and services that deliver the value of Reality (spatial value) and Real-Time (time value) through sound, video and communication technologies. Additionally, Sony will aim to address the increasing need for remote solutions that connect people to people, and people to things.
  In the medical business, Sony will reinforce its efforts to contribute to the health of people over the long-term by leveraging the imaging, display and mechatronics technologies which it has cultivated over many years.
  In light of the impact from the spread of
COVID-19
on product demand and supply chains, Sony will engage in initiatives designed to enhance its business structure in response to changes in the business environment.
<I&SS>
  Sony expects that the
mid-
to long-term demand for CMOS image sensors will continue to grow due to the adoption of multiple sensors and
larger-sized
sensors in smartphones. Although Sony is carefully reviewing investment in greater production capacity, taking into account the uncertain market environment mainly resulting from the impact of the spread of
COVID-19,
its goal of maintaining the global number one position in imaging applications, and becoming the global number one position in sensing remains unchanged.
  Sony is also strengthening its focus on sensing solutions for mobile devices that “connect people to people,” such as
Time-of-Flight
sensors, and automotive sensing solutions that “support people,” which are expected to grow over the long term.
  Based on its belief that CMOS image sensors will be key devices in the AI era, Sony intends to leverage its world-leading stacked CMOS image sensor technology and provide AI sensing solutions that deliver new value across a wide range of applications.
<Financial Services>
  Under the new SFH management team, initiatives will include measures to further increase the value generated by the Lifeplanner
®
sales employees who constitute the core value of the life insurance business.
  Sony will also explore further opportunities for synergies including leveraging Sony’s technology in the Financial Services segment.
Contribution to People, Society, and the Planet
Sony’s social mission is to create and deliver emotion. For people to be connected through emotion, it is necessary for people, society and the global environment to be healthy. Sony will continue to contribute to people, society and the planet through all of its business operations and extensive social support activities. For example, Sony is taking various steps to address environmental issues, beginning with its contribution to the future of mobility, which will contribute to the environment in the future. Additionally, as part of its support measures in response to
COVID-19,
Sony Corporation launched a 100 million U.S. dollar global relief fund to support the medical, education and creative communities. The Sony Music Group also launched a 100 million U.S. dollar global fund to support social justice and anti-racist initiatives around the world.
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Third
Mid-Range
Plan — Financial Targets and their Progress
<Financial Targets>
On May 22, 2018, Sony Corporation unveiled a
mid-term
strategy (“third
mid-range
plan”) that charted the path forward for Sony over the next three years, starting with the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and finishing with the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021. In order to transition management of Sony’s operations to a more long-term perspective, key performance indicators were set as a cumulative total over a three-year period. In the third
mid-range
plan, cash flows from operating activities are the most important performance metric, and Sony has been targeting total cash flows from operating activities for all segments excluding the Financial Services segment of 2.2 trillion yen or more for the three-year period from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021. Sony believes that cash flows from operating activities are a performance metric suitable for Sony’s long-term management based on the following perspective: (i) it more appropriately represents the sustainable earnings power of a business because it does not include the effects of temporary profits and losses, and (ii) it is more easily comparable for the purpose of planning capital expenditure, strategic investment and dividends from management’s point of view. In terms of the allocation of cash generated (“capital allocation plan”), Sony planned to spend approximately 1.1 to 1.2 trillion yen on capital expenditure, as a result of greater investment in CMOS image sensors. Regarding the remaining 1 to 1.1 trillion yen, Sony planned to prioritize strategic investment, while also making an appropriate allocation to shareholder returns, in an effort to further enhance Sony’s corporate value. However, Sony is carefully reviewing its capital expenditure plans due to the uncertain market environment. In terms of dividends, Sony has intended to increase them in a stable and long-term manner. In addition, Sony has planned to maintain a Return on Equity (ROE) level of 10% or more.
<Progress>
Sony generated approximately 1.5 trillion yen of cumulative operating cash flow excluding the Financial Services segment from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Approximately 0.2 trillion yen in cash flow was also generated from the sale of businesses and assets. Sony prioritized using this cash to make investments for future growth, such as increasing CMOS image sensor manufacturing capacity and acquiring EMI. From the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony used approximately 0.7 trillion yen of capital for its capital expenditures and approximately 0.9 trillion yen of capital as part of its strategy for strategic investment. The strategic investment was mainly comprised of approximately 390 billion yen of capital used to fully consolidate EMI, including the assumption of EMI’s interest-bearing debt, as well as 300 billion yen in repurchases of Sony’s own shares. In terms of share repurchases, Sony plans to consider engaging in share repurchases in a flexible manner after taking into account the balance between strategic investment opportunities and its financial situation and stock price in accordance with its view to emphasize growth in earnings per share (EPS). For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony achieved a ROE of 27.3% and 14.8%, respectively, resulting in maintaining the financial target of ROE of 10% or more.
Apart from the above-mentioned capital allocation plan, Sony also plans to use approximately 400 billion yen of capital from the financial and capital markets for a series of transactions, including a tender offer, to make SFH a wholly-owned subsidiary. However, depending on Sony’s cash position, there is a possibility that cash on hand could be allocated for a portion of this transaction.
Corporate Policy Regarding the Spread of
COVID-19
Sony is primarily focused on ensuring the safety of its employees and their families, as well as its customers and other stakeholders, in addition to preventing the further spread of the virus. Sony is also striving to answer the needs of society and its customers to the best of its ability, and to minimize the impact of the virus on its business. To accomplish these objectives, Sony is working to gather information and swiftly carry out necessary actions. As discussed above, Sony is also continuing to fulfill its social responsibility as a global company through various measures such as establishing a relief fund to support people around the world who have been affected by the spread of
COVID-19.
For details on the impact on each business segment from the spread of
COVID-19,
refer to “Operating Results” in “Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
.”
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Group Environmental
Mid-Term
Targets “Green Management 2020”
Sony Corporation announced in June 2015 the establishment of its “Green Management 2020” group environmental
mid-term
targets, effective from fiscal 2016 (the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017) through fiscal 2020 (the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021). Based on the following three pillars, Sony has been implementing various initiatives to reduce the Sony Group’s environmental footprint:
  Formulate targets and implement initiatives that leverage the distinctive characteristics of Sony’s businesses. Among these, reduce annual energy consumption by an average of 30% (compared to levels at the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014) in its products in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments, and in the Music and Pictures segments, continue to look to use its content to raise awareness of sustainability issues and inspire environmentally conscious actions;
  Enhance efforts to reduce Sony’s environmental footprint across its entire value chain, including manufacturing partners and suppliers, by calling on them to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and water consumption; and
  Accelerate the use of renewable energy.
Sony’s long-term vision is to achieve a “zero environmental footprint” throughout all stages of its product lifecycles and business activities by 2050. The “Green Management 2020”
mid-term
plan has been backcasted (calculated backwards) in order to determine the necessary intermediate steps that need to be taken by fiscal 2020 on the way to this long-term goal. With “Green Management 2020,” Sony plans to further accelerate its various initiatives directed towards its ultimate goal of a “zero environmental footprint.” As part of this measure Sony Corporation has joined RE100, an initiative operated by the international
non-government
organization (NGO) The Climate Group, in partnership with CDP. In so doing, Sony will aim to use 100% renewable electricity for all of its business sites by 2040.
Sony Corporation also plans to continue to participate in the WWF’s Climate Savers Programme, which aims to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change targets are verified by WWF and a third-party verification body for their degrees of difficulty and progress.
Further details of the group environmental
mid-term
targets “Green Management 2020” and actual measures undertaken by Sony are reported in Sony’s Sustainability report available on the following website: https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/.
E.
Off-balance
Sheet Arrangements
Sony has certain
off-balance
sheet arrangements that provide liquidity, capital resources and/or credit risk support.
Refer to Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements for transfers of financial asset transactions in which Sony has relinquished control of receivables and accounted for these transfers as sales, and Note 24 of the consolidated financial statements for various arrangements with variable interest entities, including those where Sony is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate the entity.
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F.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments, and Contingent Liabilities
The following table summarizes Sony’s contractual obligations and commitments as of March 31, 2020. The references to the notes below refer to the corresponding notes within the consolidated financial statements.
                                         
 
Total
 
 
Less than
1 year
   
1 to 3
years
   
3 to 5
years
   
More than
5 years
 
 
(Yen in millions)
 
Contractual obligations and commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt (Note 11)
 
 
810,176
 
   
810,176
     
     
     
 
Long-term debt (Notes 8 and 11)
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Finance lease obligations and other
 
 
56,350
 
   
14,216
     
15,593
     
10,011
     
16,530
 
Other long-term debt
 
 
608,423
 
   
15,591
     
373,126
     
114,953
     
104,753
 
Interest on other long-term debt
 
 
4,409
 
   
1,489
     
1,075
     
729
     
1,116
 
Operating lease obligations, including imputed interest (Note 8)
 
 
424,965
 
   
76,469
     
125,254
     
70,967
     
152,275
 
Purchase commitments (Note 28)
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
 
Contracts for the production or purchase of motion pictures, television programming or certain rights and rights to broadcast certain live action sporting events
 
 
126,917
 
   
56,385
     
52,372
     
17,480
     
680
 
Contracts with recording artists, songwriters and companies
 
 
128,678
 
   
56,662
     
33,360
     
16,576
     
22,080
 
Sponsorship contracts related to advertising and promotional rights
 
 
5,162
 
   
4,602
     
560
     
     
 
Long-term contracts for development, distribution and publishing of game software
 
 
29,243
 
   
5,083
     
4,571
     
5,115
     
14,474
 
Purchase commitments for fixed assets, materials, and other
 
 
394,911
 
   
255,587
     
88,711
     
47,314
     
3,299
 
Future insurance policy benefits and other and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business* (Note 10)
 
 
26,457,407
 
   
594,903
     
1,299,026
     
1,370,756
     
23,192,722
 
Gross unrecognized tax benefits** (Note 22)
 
 
41,268
 
   
     
     
     
 
Total
 
 
29,087,909
 
   
1,891,163
     
1,993,648
     
1,653,901
     
23,507,929
 
* Future insurance policy benefits and other and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business are the estimated future cash payments to be made to policyholders and others. These cash payments are based upon assumptions including morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. The sum of the cash payments shown for all years in the table of 26,457.4 billion yen exceeds the corresponding liability amount of 9,824.9 billion yen included in the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2020. Refer to Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements.
** The total amount represents the liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits in accordance with the accounting guidance for uncertain tax positions. The settlement period for the liability, which totaled 41.3 billion yen, cannot be reasonably estimated due to the uncertainty associated with the timing of the settlements with the various taxing authorities. Refer to Note 22 of the consolidated financial statements.
The following items are not included in either the above table or the total amount of commitments outstanding as of March 31, 2020:
  The total amount of expected future pension payments is not included as such amount is not currently determinable. Sony expects to contribute approximately 2 billion yen to Japanese defined benefit pension plans and approximately 8 billion yen to foreign defined benefit pension plans during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021. Refer to Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements.
  The total unused portion of the line of credit extended under loan agreements in the Financial Services segment is not included in the above table as it is not foreseeable what loans will be incurred under such line of credit. The total unused portion of the line of credit extended under these contracts was approximately 34.3 billion yen as of March 31, 2020. Refer to Note 28 of the consolidated financial statements.
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  Purchases made during the ordinary course of business from certain component manufacturers and contract manufacturers in order to establish the best pricing and continuity of supply for Sony’s production are not included as there are typically no binding purchase obligations. Purchase obligations are defined as contractual obligations to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on Sony. These obligations specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations do not include contracts that may be cancelled without penalty. These purchases include arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. This allows Sony’s supply chain management to have flexible and mutually beneficial purchase arrangements with these manufacturers in order to minimize inventory risk. Consistent with industry practice, Sony purchases processed goods that meet technical criteria from these component manufacturers after issuing to these manufacturers information on Sony’s projected demand and manufacturing needs.
Refer to Item 8 A. “Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information” for legal proceedings and Note 28 of the consolidated financial statements for guarantees issued, including product warranties.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, Sony evaluates its estimates, which are based on historical experience, future projections and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of these evaluations form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may significantly differ from these estimates. The timing and extent to which the spread of
COVID-19
may negatively impact Sony’s business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain. This uncertainty could result in greater variability in accounting estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, those used in reviewing goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment and the valuation of deferred tax assets. Sony considers an accounting policy to be critical if it is important to its financial condition and results, and requires significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in its application. Sony believes that the following represents its critical accounting policies.
Investments
Sony’s investments include debt and equity securities accounted for under both the cost and equity method of accounting. If it has been determined that an investment has sustained an other-than-temporary decline in its value, the investment is written down to its fair value with a charge to income. Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.
In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as
available-for-sale,
Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20% or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the fair value of the security is not more than 20% or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary. 
When an other-than-temporary impairment of a
held-to-maturity
debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt
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security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment has been recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
The assessment of whether a decline in the value of an investment is other-than-temporary is often subjective in nature and involves certain assumptions and estimates concerning the expected operating results, business plans and future cash flows of the issuer of the security. Accordingly, it is possible that investments in Sony’s portfolio that have had a decline in value that Sony currently believes to be temporary may be determined to be other-than-temporary in the future based on Sony’s evaluation of subsequent information such as continued poor operating results, future broad declines in the value of worldwide equity markets and the effect of worldwide interest rate fluctuations. As a result, unrealized losses recorded for investments may be recognized and reduce income in future periods.
Valuation of inventory
Sony values its inventory based on the lower of cost and net realizable value. Sony writes down inventory in an amount equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the net realizable value — i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal. Sony writes down the value of its inventory when the underlying parts, components or products have become obsolete, when inventory levels exceed the amount expected to be used, or when the value of the inventory is otherwise recorded at a higher value than net realizable value. As a result, if actual market conditions are less favorable than projected and further price decreases are needed, additional inventory write-downs may be required in the future.
Impairment of long-lived assets
Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used and long-lived assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets or asset groups may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. This review is primarily performed using estimates of future cash flows by product category or, in certain cases, by entity. If the carrying value of the asset or asset group is considered impaired, an impairment charge is recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.
Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair values are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of
COVID-19.
As the extent and duration of the impacts from
COVID-19
remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower future cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in Sony’s businesses or assumptions could negatively affect the valuations of long-lived assets.
Business combinations
When Sony applies the acquisition method of accounting, the deemed purchase price is allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any residual purchase price is recorded as goodwill. The allocation of the purchase price utilizes significant estimates in determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, especially with respect to intangible assets. Independent third-party appraisal firms are typically engaged in order to assist in the estimation process. The significant estimates and assumptions include,
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but are not limited to, the timing and amount of revenue and future cash flows, the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows and the perpetual growth rate used to calculate the terminal value. 
Due to the inherent uncertainties involved in making the estimates and assumptions, the purchase price for acquisitions could be valued and allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities differently. Actual results may differ, or unanticipated events and circumstances may affect such estimates, which could require Sony to record an impairment of an acquired asset, including goodwill, or increase in the amounts recorded for an assumed liability.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.
In the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
Determining the fair value of a reporting unit under the goodwill impairment test is judgmental in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Similarly, estimates and assumptions are used in determining the fair value of indefinite lived intangible assets. These estimates and assumptions could significantly impact whether or not an impairment charge is recognized as well as the magnitude of any such charge.
In its impairment review, Sony performs internal valuation analyses or utilizes third-party valuations when management believes it to be appropriate, and considers other market information that is publicly available. The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.
The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and
mid-range
plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.
For all reporting units with goodwill, fair value exceeded the carrying amount, and therefore no impairment existed in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Also, fair value of reporting units with significant goodwill exceeded their respective carrying values by at least 10.0%. For indefinite lived intangible assets, fair value exceeded the carrying amount, and therefore no impairment existed. 
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The carrying amounts of goodwill by segment as of March 31, 2020 are as follows:
         
 
Yen in millions
 
Game & Network Services
   
170,974
 
Music
   
391,325
 
Pictures
   
152,374
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
12,189
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
46,192
 
Financial Services
   
10,834
 
         
Total
   
783,888
 
         
A discussion of the significant assumptions, other than the MRP described above, including a sensitivity analysis with respect to their impact, of the fair value of Sony’s reporting units for the impairment analysis performed for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 is included below:
  The discount rates ranged from 5.2% to 10.8%. A hypothetical one percentage point increase in the discount rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have resulted in an impairment.
  The growth rates applied to the terminal values for reporting units within the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS and Financial Services segments ranged from approximately 1.0% to 1.5%. The growth rates beyond the MRP period for the reporting units in the Music segment ranged from 0% to 5.2%, and in the Pictures segment ranged from 3.0% to 4.5%. A hypothetical one percentage point decrease in the growth rate, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have resulted in an impairment.
  The earnings multiple used to calculate the terminal value in the Pictures reporting units ranged from 9.0x to 10.0x. A hypothetical reduction in the earnings multiple by 1.0x, holding all other assumptions constant, would not have resulted in an impairment.
Management believes that the assumptions used to estimate the fair value in the goodwill impairment tests are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of
COVID-19.
As the extent and duration of the impacts from
COVID-19
remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower than currently anticipated cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in assumptions could negatively affect the valuations, which may result in Sony recognizing impairment charges for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets in the future.
Pension benefit costs
Employee pension benefit costs and obligations are dependent on certain assumptions including discount rates, retirement rates and mortality rates, which are based upon current statistical data, as well as expected long-term rates of return on pension plan assets and other factors. Specifically, the discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets are two critical assumptions in the determination of periodic pension costs and pension liabilities. Assumptions are evaluated at least annually, or at the time when events occur or circumstances change and these events or changes could have a significant effect on these critical assumptions.
In accordance with U.S. GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods. Therefore, actual results generally affect recognized costs and the recorded obligations for pensions in future periods. While management believes that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or changes in assumptions may affect Sony’s pension obligations and future costs.
Sony’s principal pension plans are its Japanese pension plans. No individual foreign pension plan is significant to the consolidated pension plan assets and pension obligations.
To determine the benefit obligation of the Japanese pension plans, Sony used a discount rate of 0.6% for its Japanese pension plans as of March 31, 2020. The discount rate was determined by using information about yields on high-quality bonds currently available and expected to be available during the period to maturity of the pension benefit obligation in consideration of amounts and timing of cash outflows for expected benefit payments. Such available information about yields is collected from published market information and credit rating agencies. The 0.6% discount rate is the same as the rate used for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 and reflects current Japanese market interest conditions.
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To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, Sony considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as historical and expected long-term rates of return on various categories of pension plan assets. Sony’s pension investment policy recognizes the expected growth and the variability risk associated with the long-term nature of pension liabilities, the returns and risks of diversification across asset classes, and the correlation among assets. The asset allocations are designed to maximize returns consistent with levels of liquidity and investment risk that are considered prudent and reasonable. While the pension investment policy gives appropriate consideration to recent market performance and historical returns, the investment assumptions utilized by Sony are designed to achieve a long-term return consistent with the long-term nature of the corresponding pension liabilities. For Japanese pension plans, the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets was 2.6% and 2.5% as of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The actual return on pension plan assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 was a 2.7% gain and a 1.3% gain, respectively. The difference between the expected and the actual rate of return on pension plan assets was primarily due to the negative performance in the global equity markets during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 due to the spread of
COVID-19.
Actual results that differ from the expected return on pension plan assets are accumulated and amortized as a component of pension costs over a certain period, thereby reducing the
year-to-year
volatility in pension costs. As of March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020, Sony had, with respect to Japanese pension plans, net actuarial losses of 311.1 billion yen and 223.4 billion yen, respectively, including losses related to pension plan assets. Although the actual return on pension plan assets was lower than expected, the net actuarial loss decreased mainly due to the impact of the amendments to Japanese pension plans. Refer to Note 15 of the consolidated financial statements.
The following table illustrates the effect on the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021 of changes in the discount rate and the expected return on pension plan assets, while holding all other assumptions as of March 31, 2020 constant, for Japanese pension plans.
                         
Change in assumption
 
Projected benefit
obligations
 
 
Pension
costs
 
 
Net income
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
25 basis point increase / decrease in discount rate
   
-/+18.6
     
+
/-0.2
     
-/+0.1
 
25 basis point increase / decrease in expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets
   
     
-/+1.1
     
+/-0.7
 
Deferred tax asset valuation
Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized prior to expiration. Accordingly, the need to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of carrying value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.
As a result of prior losses, as of March 31, 2020, total established valuation allowances against deferred tax assets were 608.2 billion yen. This amount includes a valuation allowance of 274.8 billion yen relating to national tax and 125.5 million yen relating to local tax at Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan. A critical factor in the analysis of a continuing need for a valuation allowance against these assets is the forecast of future profitability given the relatively short net operating loss carryforward period in Japan. Due to the uncertainty of the forecast of future income after the impact of the spread of
COVID-19
from early 2020, the valuation allowance established against the net deferred tax assets that are attributable to Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan was not reversed, even partially, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 despite several years of positive earnings. Valuation allowances also continue to be established on the remaining U.S. deferred tax assets of approximately 600 million U.S. dollars, primarily comprised of foreign tax credits and certain research and development credits. Sony continues to monitor its U.S. tax position and the potential use of such assets, and accordingly, the valuation allowance in respect of those assets may be reversed in the future.
Sony is subject to income taxes in Japan and numerous other jurisdictions, and in the ordinary course of business there are many situations where the ultimate tax determination can be uncertain, particularly with respect to transfer pricing for intercompany transactions. The amount of the deferred tax assets recorded takes
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into account the more likely than not final outcome of these uncertain tax positions based on Sony’s judgement, particularly for final allocations of taxable income among jurisdictions as a result of intercompany transfer pricing decisions. The estimate for the valuation of deferred tax assets, which is based on currently enacted tax laws and rates as of the balance sheet date, reflects management’s judgment and best estimate of the likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in Sony’s financial statements and tax returns, the ability to implement various tax planning strategies and, in certain cases, future forecasts, business plans and other expectations about future outcomes. Changes in existing tax laws or rates in tax jurisdictions in which Sony operates could affect actual tax results, and market or economic deterioration or failure of management to achieve its restructuring objectives could affect future business results, either of which could affect the valuation of deferred tax assets over time. If future results are less than projected, if the results of tax examinations or the negotiations of advance pricing agreements covering transfer pricing of intercompany transactions result in a different allocation of profits and losses than currently anticipated, if tax planning alternatives are no longer viable, or if there is no excess appreciated asset value over the tax basis of the assets contemplated for sale, further valuation allowance may be required in the future to reduce the deferred tax assets to their net realizable value. On the other hand, a forecasted improvement and consistency in future earnings or other factors, such as business reorganizations, could lead to the future reversal of valuation allowance into income as a reduction to tax expense, subject to review of the relevant qualitative factors and uncertainties. These factors and other changes that are not anticipated in current estimates could have a material impact on Sony’s earnings or financial condition in the period or periods in which the impact is recorded or reversed.
The U.S. Tax Reform Act significantly changed how the U.S. taxes corporations. The U.S. Tax Reform Act requires complex computations to be performed that were not previously required by U.S. tax law, significant judgments to be made in interpretation of the provisions of the U.S. Tax Reform Act, significant estimates in calculations, and the preparation and analysis of information not previously relevant or regularly produced. The U.S. Treasury Department, the Internal Revenue Service, and other standard setting bodies will continue to interpret or issue guidance on how provisions of the U.S. Tax Reform Act will be applied or otherwise administered. As future guidance is issued, Sony may make adjustments to amounts that it previously recorded that may materially impact Sony’s financial statements in the period in which the adjustments are made.
Film accounting
An aspect of film accounting that requires the exercise of judgment relates to the process of estimating the total revenues to be received throughout a film’s life cycle. Such estimate of a film’s ultimate revenue is important for two reasons. First, while a film is being produced and the related costs are being capitalized, it is necessary for management to estimate the ultimate revenue, less additional costs to be incurred, including exploitation costs which are expensed as incurred, in order to determine whether the value of a film has been impaired and thus requires an immediate
write-off
of unrecoverable film costs. Second, the amount of film costs recognized as cost of sales for a given film as it is exhibited in various markets throughout its life cycle is based upon the proportion that current period actual revenues bear to the estimated ultimate total revenues.
Management bases its estimates of ultimate revenue for each film on several factors including the historical performance of similar genre films, the star power of the lead actors and actresses, the expected number of theaters at which the film will be released, anticipated performance in the home entertainment, television and other ancillary markets, and agreements for future sales. Management updates such estimates on a regular basis based on the actual results to date and estimated future results for each film. For example, a film that has resulted in lower than expected theatrical revenues in its initial weeks of release would generally have its theatrical, home entertainment and television distribution ultimate revenues adjusted downward; a failure to do so would result in the understatement of amortized film costs for the period.
Future insurance policy benefits
Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits, except the portion of liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits which is described below, which mainly relate to individual life insurance policies, are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in force. These liabilities, which require significant management judgment and estimates, are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. Future policy benefits are computed using interest rates ranging from 0.5% to 4.5% and are based on factors such as market conditions and expected investment returns. Morbidity, mortality and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are based on either the subsidiary’s own experience or various actuarial tables. Generally these assumptions are
locked-in
throughout the life of the contract upon the issuance of new insurance, although significant changes in
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experience or assumptions may require Sony to provide for expected future losses. Liabilities for future policy benefits include the liability for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts. Regarding variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts, minimum guarantee benefits (minimum death benefit, minimum accumulation benefit, etc.) are provided, and Sony bears the risk of fulfilling the minimum guarantee benefits prescribed in the contracts to policyholders. The fair value option is applied to a portion of the liabilities for the variable annuity contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. Refer to Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements. Excluding the portion of the liability measured at fair value, the liability for the minimum guarantee benefit is calculated based on the ratio of the present value of expected total excess payments divided by the present value of expected total assessments over the life of the contract. Mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates and investment yield are used as significant assumptions for this calculation.
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represents an accumulation of account deposits plus credited interest less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges. Policyholders’ account includes universal life insurance and investment contracts. Universal life insurance includes interest sensitive whole life contracts and variable life insurance contracts. The credited rates associated with interest sensitive whole life contracts range from 1.7% to 2.0%. For variable life insurance contracts, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. Investment contracts mainly include single payment educational endowment contracts, individual variable annuities and policies after the start of annuity payments. The credited rates associated with investment contracts, except for individual variable annuities, range from 0.01% to 6.3%. For individual variable annuities, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business includes the liabilities related to the variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Refer to Note 13 of the consolidated financial statements. 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Refer to Note 2, summary of significant accounting policies, recently adopted accounting pronouncements, of the consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Refer to Note 2, summary of significant accounting policies, recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted, of the consolidated financial statements.
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Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees
A.
Directors and Senior Management
Set forth below are the current members of the Board of Directors and Corporate Executive Officers of Sony Corporation, their responsibility as a director or officer, date of birth, the number of years they have served as a director or officer, and other principal business activities outside the Corporation as of June 26, 2020.
Board of Directors
     
Kenichiro Yoshida
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: October 20, 1959
Number of Years Served as a Director: 6 years
Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation: Outside Director, M3, Inc.
Brief Personal History:
April 1983
 
Joined Sony Corporation
July 2000
 
Joined Sony Communication Network Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
May 2001
 
SVP, Sony Communication Network Corporation
April 2005
 
President and Representative Director, Sony Communication Network Corporation
December 2013
 
EVP, CSO and Deputy CFO, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
April 2014
 
EVP and CFO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
June 2014
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
April 2015
 
Executive Deputy President and CFO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
April 2018
 
President and CEO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
June 2020
 
Chairman, President and CEO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
 
Hiroki Totoki
Responsibility as a Director: —
Date of Birth: July 17, 1964
Number of Years Served as a Director: 1 year
Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation: Outside Director, Recruit Co., Ltd.
Brief Personal History:
April 1987
 
Joined Sony Corporation
February 2002
 
Representative Director, Sony Bank Incorporated
June 2005
 
Director, Corporate Executive Officer and Senior Managing Director, Sony Communication Network Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
April 2012
 
Representative Director, Corporate Executive Officer and Senior Managing Director,
So-net
Entertainment Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
April 2013
 
Representative Director, Corporate Executive Officer, Deputy President and CFO,
So-net
Entertainment Corporation
December 2013
 
SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
Corporate Executive in charge of Business Strategy, Corporate Development and Transformation
November 2014
 
President and CEO, Sony Mobile Communications Inc.
June 2015
 
Director, Chairman,
So-net
Corporation (currently Sony Network Communications Inc.)
April 2016
 
EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
Officer in charge of New Business Platform Strategy, Sony Corporation
President and Representative Director,
So-net
Corporation
June 2017
 
CSO, Sony Corporation
Officer in Charge of
Mid-to-Long
Term Business Strategy, New Business
April 2018
 
Representative Corporate Executive Officer, CFO, Sony Corporation
June 2018
 
Senior EVP, Sony Corporation
 
Outside Director, Recruit Co., Ltd. (present)
June 2019
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2020
 
Executive Deputy President and CFO, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
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Shuzo Sumi
Responsibility as a Director: Chairman of the Board
Chair of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: July 11, 1947
Number of Years Served as a Director: 3 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1970
 
Joined Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2000
 
Director and Chief Representative in London, Overseas Division, Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2002
 
Managing Director, Tokio Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
October 2004
 
Managing Director, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2005
 
Senior Managing Director, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
June 2007
 
President & Chief Executive Officer, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
President & Chief Executive Officer, Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc.
June 2013
 
Chairman of the Board, Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd.
Chairman of the Board, Tokio Marine Holdings, Inc.
June 2014
 
Outside Director, Toyota Industries Corporation (present)
April 2016
 
Senior Executive Advisor, Tokyo Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. (present)
June 2017
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
 
Tim Schaaff
Responsibility as a Director: Director in charge of Information Security
Date of Birth: December 5, 1959
Number of Years Served as a Director: 7 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
December 1982
 
Joined New England Digital Corporation
July 1991
 
Joined Apple Computer, Inc.
1998
 
Vice President, Apple Computer, Inc.
December 2005
 
Senior Vice President, Sony Corporation of America
November 2006
 
Deputy President, Technology Development Group, Sony Corporation
June 2008
 
President, Sony Media Software and Services Inc.
December 2009
 
Director, President, Sony Network Entertainment International LLC
June 2013
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
July 2015
 
Chief Product Officer, Intertrust Technologies Corporation (present)
 
Kazuo Matsunaga
Responsibility as a Director: Vice Chairman of the Board
Chair of the Audit Committee
Date of Birth: February 28, 1952
Number of Years Served as a Director: 6 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1974
 
Joined the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (currently Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (“METI”))
June 2004
 
Director-General, Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, METI
September 2005
 
Assistant Vice-Minister, Minister’s Secretariat, METI
July 2006
 
Deputy Vice-Minister, Minister’s Secretariat, METI
July 2008
 
Director-General, Economic and Industrial Policy Bureau, METI
July 2010
 
Vice-Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI
April 2012
 
Specially-appointed Professor, Graduate School of International Corporate Strategy, Hitotsubashi University (present)
June 2013
 
Outside Director, Takasago Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd. (present)
June 2014
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
Outside Director, Hashimoto Sogyo Co., Ltd. (currently Hashimoto Sogyo Holdings Co., Ltd.) (present)
April 2016
 
Vice Chairman of the Board, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation
January 2017
 
Chairman of the Board, Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation (present)
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Toshiko Oka
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Audit Committee
Date of Birth: March 7, 1964
Number of Years Served as a Director: 2 years
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1986
 
Joined Tohmatsu Touche Ross Consulting Limited
July 2000
 
Joined Asahi Arthur Anderson Limited
September 2002
 
Principal, Deloitte Tohmatsu Consulting Co., Ltd. (currently ABeam Consulting Ltd.)
April 2005
 
President and Representative Director, ABeam M&A Consulting Ltd. (currently PwC Advisory LLC)
April 2016
 
Partner, PwC Advisory LLC
June 2016
 
CEO, Oka & Company Ltd. (present)
Outside Director, Hitachi Metals, Ltd. (present)
June 2018
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
June 2019
 
Outside Director, Happinet Corporation (present)
June 2020
 
Outside Director, JXTG Holdings, Inc. (present)
 
Sakie Akiyama
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Compensation Committee
Date of Birth: December 1, 1962
Number of Years Served as a Director: 1 year
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1987
 
Joined Arthur Andersen & Co.
April 1994
 
Founder and CEO, Saki Corporation
October 2018
 
Founder, Saki Corporation (present)
June 2019
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
Outside Director, Japan Post Holdings Co., Ltd. (present)
Outside Director, Orix Corporation (present)
June 2020
 
Outside Director, Mitsubishi Corporation (present)
 
Wendy Becker
Responsibility as a Director: Chair of the Compensation Committee
Date of Birth: November 2, 1965
Number of Years Served as a Director: 1 year
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
September 1987
 
Brand Manager, Procter & Gamble Company
September 1993
 
Consultant, McKinsey & Company, Inc.
December 1998
 
Partner, McKinsey & Company, Inc.
February 2008
 
Management Director, Residential, TalkTalk, The Carphone Warehouse Ltd.
Board member, Member of Remuneration Committee, Whitbread plc
September 2009
 
Chief Marketing Officer, Vodafone Group plc
September 2012
 
Chief Operating Officer, Jack Wills Ltd.
October 2013
 
CEO, Jack Wills Ltd.
February 2017
 
Board member, Chair of Remuneration Committee, Great Portland Estates plc (present)
September 2017
 
Board member, Logitech International S.A. (present)
June 2019
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
September 2019
 
Chair of the Board, Logitech International S.A. (present)
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Yoshihiko Hatanaka
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: April 20, 1957
Number of Years Served as a Director: 1 year
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
April 1980
 
Joined Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (currently Astellas Pharma Inc.)
June 2005
 
Corporate Executive, Vice President, Corporate Planning, Corporate Strategy, Astellas Pharma Inc.
April 2006
 
Corporate Executive of Astellas Pharma Inc. and President & CEO, Astellas US LLC and President & CEO, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
June 2008
 
Senior Corporate Executive of Astellas Pharma Inc. and President & CEO, Astellas US LLC and President & CEO, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.
April 2009
 
Senior Corporate Executive, Chief Strategy Officer and Chief Financial Officer, Astellas Pharma Inc.
June 2011
 
Representative Director, President & CEO, Astellas Pharma Inc.
April 2018
 
Representative Director, Chairman of the Board, Astellas Pharma Inc. (present)
June 2019
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
 
Adam Crozier
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Nominating Committee
Date of Birth: January 26, 1964
Number of Years Served as a Director: —
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
January 1995
 
Joint CEO, Saatchi & Saatchi Group Ltd.
January 2000
 
CEO, The Football Association
February 2003
 
CEO, Royal Mail Group Ltd.
April 2010
 
CEO, ITV plc
April 2017
 
Non-Executive
Chairman, Whitbread Group plc (present)
December 2018
 
Non-Executive
Chairman, ASOS plc (present)
February 2020
 
Non-Executive
Chairman, Kantar Group Ltd. (present)
June 2020
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
 
Keiko Kishigami
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Audit Committee
Date of Birth: January 28, 1957
Number of Years Served as a Director: —
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
October 1985
 
Joined Peat Marwick Minato (currently Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC)
August 1989
 
Registered as Certified Public Accountant (present)
December 1997
 
Partner, Century Audit Corporation (currently Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC)
May 2004
 
Representative Partner (position currently defined as “Senior Partner”), Ernst & Young ShinNihon (currently Ernst & Young ShinNihon LLC)
September 2018
 
Board Member, WWF Japan (present)
June 2019
 
Outside Auditor, Okamura Corporation (present)
June 2020
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
Outside Auditor, Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Company, Limited (present)
 
Joseph A. Kraft Jr.
Responsibility as a Director: Member of the Compensation Committee
Director in charge of Information Security
Date of Birth: May 12, 1964
Number of Years Served as a Director: —
Brief Personal History and Principal Business Activities Outside the Corporation:
July 1986
 
Joined Morgan Stanley Inc.
January 2000
 
Managing Director, Morgan Stanley Inc.
April 2007
 
Managing Director, Head of Capital Markets Division, Dresdner Kleinwort Japan
March 2010
 
Deputy Branch Manager & Managing Director, Bank of America Merrill Lynch Japan
July 2015
 
CEO, Rorschach Advisory Inc. (present)
June 2020
 
Director, Sony Corporation (present)
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Corporate Executive Officers
In addition to Kenichiro Yoshida and Hiroki Totoki, the four individuals set forth below are the current Corporate Executive Officers of Sony Corporation as of June 26, 2020. Refer to “Board Practices” below.
     
Shigeki Ishizuka
Responsibility as an Officer: Vice Chairman, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Officer in charge of
Electronics Products & Solutions and Storage Media Businesses
Date of Birth: November 14, 1958
Number of Years Served as a Corporate Executive Officer: —
Principal Business Activities Outside Sony: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1981
 
Joined Sony Corporation
August 2004
 
Managing Director, Corporate Executive, Sony EMCS Corporation (currently Sony Global Manufacturing & Operations Corporation)
November 2006
 
President, Digital Imaging Business Group, Sony Corporation
June 2007
 
SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
June 2009
 
President, Device Solutions Business Group, Sony Corporation
April 2012
 
President, Digital Imaging Business Group, Sony Corporation
April 2015
 
EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
April 2017
 
Representative Director and President, Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (present)
June 2018
 
Senior EVP, Sony Corporation
April 2020
 
Representative Director, President and CEO, Sony Electronics Corporation (present)
June 2020
 
Vice Chairman, Representative Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
 
Toru Katsumoto
Responsibility as an Officer: Executive Deputy President, Corporate Executive Officer, Officer in charge of
R&D and Medical Business
Date of Birth: October 14, 1957
Number of Years Served as a Corporate Executive Officer: 2 years
Principal Business Activities Outside Sony: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1982
 
Joined Sony Corporation
November 2012
 
SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
April 2013
 
Representative Director and President, Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc.
January 2016
 
Director, Sony Olympus Medical Solutions Inc. (present)
January 2017
 
President, Medical Business Group, Sony Corporation
April 2017
 
Representative Director and Deputy President, Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc. (present)
April 2018
 
EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
June 2019
 
Senior EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
June 2020
 
Executive Deputy President, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
 
Shiro Kambe
Responsibility as an Officer: Senior EVP, Officer in charge of Legal, Compliance, Corporate
Communications, Sustainability, External Relations, Quality, Information Security and Privacy
Date of Birth: December 18, 1961
Number of Years Served as a Corporate Executive Officer: 6 years
Principal Business Activities Outside Sony: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1984
 
Joined Sony Corporation
June 2010
 
SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
June 2014
 
EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
June 2020
 
Senior EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
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Kazushi Ambe
Responsibility as an Officer: Senior EVP, Officer in charge of Human Resources and General Affairs
Date of Birth: April 23, 1961
Number of Years Served as a Corporate Executive Officer: 4 years
Principal Business Activities Outside Sony: None
Brief Personal History:
April 1984
 
Joined Sony Corporation
October 2001
 
Vice President, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications
April 2006
 
Senior Vice President, Sony Corporation of America
November 2014
 
SVP, Corporate Executive, Sony Corporation
June 2016
 
EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation
June 2020
 
Senior EVP, Corporate Executive Officer, Sony Corporation (present)
Kenichiro Yoshida, Hiroki Totoki, Shigeki Ishizuka, Toru Katsumoto, Shiro Kambe and Kazushi Ambe are engaged on a full-time basis by Sony Corporation. There is no family relationship between any of the persons named above. There is no arrangement or understanding with major shareholders, customers, suppliers, or others pursuant to which any person named above was selected as a Director or a Corporate Executive Officer.
B.
Compensation
Under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan and related regulations, Sony Corporation is required to disclose the total remuneration paid by Sony Corporation to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers, as well as remuneration of any Director or Corporate Executive Officer who receives total aggregate annual remuneration exceeding 100 million yen from Sony in a fiscal year, on an individual basis. The following table and accompanying footnotes show the information on such matters that Sony Corporation has disclosed in its annual Securities Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 filed on June 26, 2020 with the Director General of the Kanto Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance in Japan.
(1) Total amounts of remuneration paid by Sony Corporation to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers
                                                         
 
Fixed remuneration
 
 
Remuneration linked to business results
   
 
Phantom restricted stock plan
 
 
Number of
persons
 
 
Amount
(Yen in millions)
 
 
Number of
persons
   
 
Amount
(Yen in millions)
   
 
Number of
persons
 
 
Amount
(Yen in millions)
 
 Directors
 
14 
 
 
210  
 
   
  —    
   
   
  —    
   
 
3  
 
   
111  
 
 
(*1) (*2) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(*3)  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Outside Directors)
 
(12) 
 
 
(174)  
 
   
(—)  
   
   
(—)  
   
 
(3)  
 
   
(111)  
 
 Corporate Executive Officers
 
 
 
360  
 
   
5  
   
   
446  
   
 
—    
 
   
—    
 
 
(*2) 
 
 
 
   
   
   
(*4)  
   
 
 
   
 
 Total (*6)
 
19 
 
 
570  
 
   
5  
   
   
446  
   
 
3  
 
   
111  
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
   
(*5)  
 
*1 The number of persons does not include Directors who concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers, because Sony Corporation does not pay any additional remuneration for services as a Director to Directors who concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.
*2 The number of persons includes three Directors who resigned on the day of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 18, 2019.
*3 Sony Corporation does not pay remuneration linked to business results to Directors who do not concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.
*4 The amount of remuneration linked to business results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was paid in June 2020.
*5 The Phantom Restricted Stock Plan includes the amount that will be paid to three Directors who resigned on the day of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held on June 26, 2020.
*6 In addition to the above, Sony Corporation issued restricted stock and stock acquisition rights for the purpose of granting stock options as remuneration linked to stock price. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony Corporation recorded 37 million yen in expenses for the restricted stock granted to
non-executive
Directors and 355 million yen in expenses for the restricted stock granted to Corporate Executive Officers. Regarding the stock acquisition rights granted to Corporate Executive Officers, Sony Corporation recorded 479 million yen in expenses during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 or in the past for stock option purposes.
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(2) Amounts of remuneration paid by Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers on an individual basis.
                                                     
Name
 
Position (*1)
 

Fixed Remuneration  
(*2)
  (Yen in millions)  
   
Remuneration
linked to
business results 
(*2) (*3)
  (Yen in millions)  
   
Phantom restricted
stock plan
  (Yen in millions)  
   
Total (*2)
  
(Yen in millions)
  
   
Granted number of
stock acquisition
rights (*4)
  (Ten thousand shares)  
 
 
Granted number of
restricted stock
(*5)
  (Ten thousand shares)  
 
 Kenichiro Yoshida 
 
Sony Corporation
Director, Chairman, President & CEO, and Representative Corporate Executive Officer (*6) (*7)
   
175
     
279
     
—  
     
454
     
15
     
5
 
 Hiroki Totoki
 
Sony Corporation
Director, Executive Deputy President & CFO, and Representative Corporate Executive Officer (*6) (*7)
   
59
     
56
     
—  
     
115
     
3
     
1.5
 
 Toru Katsumoto
 
Sony Corporation
Executive Deputy President, Corporate Executive Officer (*7)
   
48
(*8)
     
46
(*8)
     
—  
     
93
(*8)
     
2
     
1
 
 Shiro Kambe
 
Sony Corporation
Senior Executive Vice President, Corporate Executive Officer
   
42
     
39
     
     
81
     
2
     
0.6
 
 Kazushi Ambe
 
Sony Corporation
Senior Executive Vice President, Corporate Executive Officer
   
40
     
36
     
     
75
     
2
     
0.6
 
*1 The above chart shows remuneration for Directors and Corporate Executive Officers who received, or who became likely to receive, total remuneration exceeding 100 million yen from Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Titles are as of the date of submission of this document.
*2 Due to rounding, individual sums may not total 100%.
*3 For the indicators and results used to determine the amount of remuneration linked to business results, please refer to “Corporate Executive Officer remuneration linked to business results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020” below. 
*4 The weighted-average fair value per share at the date of grant of stock acquisition rights granted during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was 1,864 yen and was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with several assumptions. Refer to Note 17 of the consolidated financial statements for details. The weighted-average fair value per share does not indicate the actual value that would be realized by a Corporate Executive Officer upon the exercise of the above-mentioned stock acquisition rights. The actual value, if any, that is realized by a Corporate Executive Officer upon the exercise of any stock acquisition rights will depend on the extent to which the market value of Sony Corporation’s common stock (“Common Stock”) exceeds the exercise price of the stock acquisition rights on the date of exercise, and several other restrictions imposed on the exercise of the stock acquisition rights, including the period when a Corporate Executive Officer could exercise the stock acquisition rights. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the value realized or to be realized by a Corporate Executive Officer upon the exercise of the stock acquisition rights is or will be at or near the weighted-average fair value per share presented above. In addition, the above weighted-average fair value per share was calculated to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 for accounting purposes and should not be regarded as any indication or prediction of Sony with respect to its future stock performance.
*5 Indicates the total number of shares of restricted stock granted in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 for Corporate Executive Officers. The issue price per share of restricted stock was 5,648 yen.
*6 As noted above, Sony Corporation does not pay any remuneration for services as a Director to Directors who concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.
*7 Apart from the remuneration contained in the above table, Sony Corporation also provided certain personal benefits and perquisites, including fringe benefits and in some instances income taxes related to perquisites, totaling 8 million yen to Kenichiro Yoshida, 1 million yen to Hiroki Totoki and 1 million yen to Toru Katsumoto during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
*8 In the above chart, remuneration for Toru Katsumoto includes 13 million yen in fixed compensation and 9 million yen in performance-based compensation from Sony Imaging Products & Solutions Inc.
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(3) Basic policy regarding Director and Senior Executive remuneration
The basic policy regarding remuneration for Directors and Senior Executives determined by the Compensation Committee, is as follows:
(a) Basic policy regarding Director remuneration
The primary duty of Directors is to supervise the performance of business operations of Sony as a whole. In order to improve this supervisory function over the business operations of Sony, which is a global company, the following two elements have been established as the basic policy for the determination of remuneration of Directors. No Director remuneration is paid to those Directors who concurrently serve as Corporate Executive Officers.
  Attracting and retaining an adequate talent pool of Directors possessing the requisite abilities to excel in the global marketplace; and
  Ensuring the effectiveness of the supervisory function of Directors.
Based upon the above, Director remuneration consists of the following three components:
  Fixed remuneration;
  Remuneration linked to stock price; and
  Phantom Restricted Stock Plan.
The amount of each component and its percentage of total remuneration shall be at an appropriate level determined in accordance with the basic policy above and based upon research conducted by a third party regarding remuneration of directors of both Japanese and
non-Japanese
companies.
Regarding remuneration linked to stock price, restricted stock is used to further promote shared values between the shareholders and Directors, and incentivize Directors to develop and maintain a sound and transparent management system. Appropriate restrictions and conditions shall be set in order to enhance the effectiveness of the remuneration programs.
Regarding the Phantom Restricted Stock Plan, points determined every year by the Compensation Committee shall be granted to Directors every year during his/her tenure, and at the time of resignation, the remuneration amount shall be calculated by multiplying the common stock price by the individual’s accumulated points. Sony shall not grant any points pursuant to the Phantom Restricted Stock Plan to a Director for a fiscal year in which Sony granted restricted stock as Director remuneration to such Director.
(b) Basic policy regarding Senior Executive remuneration
Senior Executives are key members of management responsible for executing the operations of Sony as a whole, or respective businesses of Sony. In order to further improve the business results of Sony, the following two elements have been established as the basic policy for the determination of remuneration of Senior Executives.
  Attracting and retaining an adequate talent pool possessing the requisite abilities to excel in the global marketplace; and
  Providing effective incentives to improve business results on a short-, medium- and long- term basis.
Based upon the above, Senior Executive remuneration shall basically consist of the following four components:
  Fixed remuneration;
  Remuneration linked to business results;
  Remuneration linked to stock price; and
  Phantom Restricted Stock Plan.
The amount of each component and its percentage of total remuneration shall be at an appropriate level determined in accordance with the above basic policy and the individual’s level of responsibility and based upon research conducted by a third party regarding remuneration of management of both Japanese and
non-Japanese
companies, emphasizing linking Senior Executive remuneration to business results and shareholder value. In principle, remuneration for a Senior Executive who has a greater management responsibility and influence on
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Sony as a whole has a higher proportion of remuneration linked to stock price which is directly linked to the corporate value. (Please see below Reference: Executive Compensation Package Design to Focus on Long-Term Management.)
Remuneration linked to business results shall be structured appropriately and based upon appropriate indicators to ensure that such remuneration effectively incentivizes Senior Executives to achieve the
mid-
to long-term and the corresponding fiscal year’s corporate targets. Specifically, the amount shall be determined based upon the level of achievements of the targets of (1) certain key performance indicators linked to consolidated or individual business results of Sony of the corresponding fiscal year, such as Return on Equity (“ROE”), Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders and Operating Cash Flow (“Financial Performance KPIs”), which indicators are selected based on the areas for which each Senior Executive is responsible and (2) the individual performance of the area(s) for which the relevant Senior Executive is responsible. The amount to be paid to Senior Executives shall fluctuate, in principle, within the range from 0% to 200% of the standard payment amount (“Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount”) based on the achievement of the above-mentioned targets. Efforts to accelerate collaboration among businesses of Sony from the viewpoint of value creation as “One Sony,” as well as sustainability initiatives related to social value creation and ESG (environment, social and governance) shall be included in the evaluation indicators of individual performance. The Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount shall be determined so that such amount is within a certain percentage of the cash compensation (total of the fixed remuneration and the remuneration linked to business results), which percentage shall be determined in accordance with each individual’s level of responsibility.
Remuneration linked to the stock price, such as stock options and restricted stock, will be used to incentivize Senior Executives to increase
mid-
to long-term shareholder value. Appropriate restrictions and conditions shall be set in order to enhance the effectiveness of such remuneration program. The amount of remuneration linked to the stock price shall be determined, so that the amount is within a certain percentage of the total cash compensation (total of the fixed remuneration and the remuneration linked to business results) and remuneration linked to the stock price.
Regarding the Phantom Restricted Stock Plan, points determined every year by the Compensation Committee shall be granted to Senior Executives every year during his/her tenure in office, and at the time of resignation, the remuneration amount shall be calculated by multiplying the common stock price by the individual’s accumulated points.
(Reference: Executive Compensation Package Design to Focus on Long-Term Management)
The following bar chart shows the composition of remuneration for Senior Executives applicable to the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The proportions of “Remuneration linked to business results” are based on the Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount.
 
(4) Procedures to determine remuneration of Directors and Senior Executives
Based on the policy outlined above, the Compensation Committee determines the amount and content of the compensation for each Director and Senior Executive. Specifically, in principle, each year at the meeting of the Compensation Committee held after the Ordinary General Meeting of the Shareholders, the amount of basic remuneration and the content of each Director’s and Senior Executive’s compensation for the corresponding fiscal year is determined. Thereafter, at the meeting of the Compensation Committee held after the corresponding fiscal year end, the final amount of compensation of each Director and Senior Executive is determined, including the amount of remuneration linked to business results.
For determining the amount of the remuneration linked to business results for each Senior Executive, the Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount, the targets for the Financial Performance KPIs and the targets for the individual performance of the areas(s) for which each Senior Executive is responsible are
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determined and thereafter, at the meeting of the Compensation Committee held after the corresponding fiscal year end, the amount of such remuneration is determined based on the level of achievement of such targets for the Financial Performance KPIs and the individual performance.
The Compensation Committee determined the amount of compensation of each Directors and Senior Executives for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 also according to the procedure above.
(5) Corporate Executive Officer remuneration linked to business results for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
The Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was between 37.5% and 50.0% of cash compensation (total of the fixed remuneration and the remuneration linked to business results). The Financial Performance KPIs mainly used for the Corporate Executive Officers and their weighting, targets and results were as follows:
                     
                 
KPI
 
    Weight    
 
 
Target to be achieved for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2020 (Consolidated)
 
Result for the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2020 (Consolidated)
 
                     
 Operating CF
   
  50%    
   
Amount determined in order to achieve the Operating CF (as defined below) target under Sony’s Third
Mid-Range
Plan of 2.2 trillion yen or more for the three-year period from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
   
762.9 billion yen
 
                     
 Net Income  attributable to  Sony  Corporation’s  Stockholders
   
  40%    
   
500 billion yen
   
582.2 billion yen
 
                     
 ROE
   
  10%    
   
12.5%
   
14.8%
 
Operating cash flow, excluding the Financial Services Segment (“Operating CF”), was selected as a Financial Performance KPI and was weighed the highest due to operating cash flow being determined as the most important performance metric under the Third
Mid-Range
Plan of Sony. ROE was also selected due to it being one of the financial targets of Sony’s Third
Mid-Range
Plan. Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders was selected in order to incentivize management to achieve the current fiscal year’s corporate target.
For the target to be achieved for the Operating CF for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, an amount which the Compensation Committee determined as appropriate was set in order to achieve the Operating CF target under Sony’s Third
Mid-Range
Plan of 2.2 trillion yen or more for the three-year period from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019. The target for the Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was set as 500 billion yen, which was the forecasted amount for the Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 announced in April 2019. The target for ROE was 12.5% for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The results for the Financial Performance KPIs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 were as follows: Operating CF: 762.9 billion yen, Net Income attributable to Sony Corporation’s Stockholders: 582.2 billion yen, ROE: 14.8%, each exceeding the targeted amount.
As outlined above under “Basic policy regarding Director and Senior Executive remuneration,” remuneration linked to business results for Corporate Executive Officers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was determined based upon the level of achievement of the indicators which were selected based on the areas of responsibility of the relevant Corporate Executive Officer and the individual performance of the area(s) for which the relevant Corporate Executive Officer was responsible. The amounts to be paid to the Corporate Executive Officers were determined within the range from 0% to 200% of the Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount. As a result, the ratio of remuneration linked to business results of Corporate Executive Officers for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was in the range of 149.1% to 155.1% of the Business Results Linked Standard Payment Amount.
(For Reference) Restricted Stock
Sony Corporation has introduced a restricted stock plan starting from the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, pursuant to which shares of restricted stock will be allotted to Sony Corporation’s Corporate Executive Officers and other executives, and
non-executive
Directors of Sony Corporation (the
“Non-Executive
Directors”). The
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purpose of the plan for the Corporate Executive Officers and other executives is to further reinforce management’s alignment with shareholder value, and to incentivize management to improve
mid-
to long-term performance and increase shareholder value. Furthermore, the purpose of the plan for the
Non-Executive
Directors is to incentivize these Directors to develop and maintain a sound and transparent management system by further promoting shared values between the shareholders and the
Non-Executive
Directors.
The grantees will not be able to sell or transfer the granted shares during the restricted period, and Sony Corporation will acquire the granted shares from a grantee without any consideration to, or consent of, the grantee under certain conditions. Details of the plan, such as vesting conditions, eligibility and the number of grants, will be determined by the Compensation Committee.
C.
Board Practices
General
Sony Corporation continuously strives to strengthen its corporate governance system in a way that is suitable for Sony and increases corporate value over the
mid-
to long-term. To operate Sony effectively, Sony Corporation continuously approaches its corporate governance through two basic precepts: (a) the Board of Directors (the “Board”), a majority of which is comprised of independent outside Directors, focuses on effective oversight of management’s operation of the business and maintains a sound and transparent governance framework by utilizing the Nominating Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee; and (b) the Board determines Sony’s fundamental management policies and other material matters and delegates to each of the Senior Executives that assume important roles for the management of Sony, including the Corporate Executive Officers, decision-making authority to conduct Sony’s business operations broadly in line with their respective responsibilities, as defined by the Board, with a view to promoting timely and efficient decision-making within Sony. In furtherance of these efforts, Sony Corporation has adopted a “Company with Three Committees” corporate governance system under the Companies Act of Japan (
Kaishaho
) and related regulations (collectively the “Companies Act”) as the most appropriate system for the company. Under such system, Sony Corporation has introduced its own requirements to help improve and maintain the soundness and transparency of its governance by strengthening the separation of the Directors’ function from that of management; maintaining what the company believes is an appropriate Board size, which enables the members of the Board to actively contribute to discussion; and advancing the proper functioning of the statutory committees.
Sony Corporation is governed by the Board, the members of which are elected at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders. Under the Companies Act, a “Company with Three Committees” is required to have three committees: the Nominating Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee, each consisting of Directors appointed by the Board. The Companies Act also requires the Board to appoint Corporate Executive Officers (
Shikko-yaku
), who make decisions regarding the execution of Sony’s business activities within the scope of the authority delegated to them by the Board. Sony Corporation has appointed its Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), who is responsible for Sony’s overall management, and other officers who are responsible for important and extensive headquarters functions as Corporate Executive Officers. Sony Corporation has also appointed Corporate Executive Officers, including the CEO and other executives, that assume important roles for the management of Sony as Senior Executives. In addition, Sony grants titles, such as Senior Executive Vice President, Executive Vice President and Senior Vice President, to management team members in accordance with their respective roles and responsibilities.
A summary of the governance system adopted by Sony Corporation is set forth below. For an explanation of the significant differences between the New York Stock Exchange’s corporate governance standards and Sony’s corporate governance practices, refer to “Item 16G.
Disclosure About Differences in Corporate Governance
.”
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Board of Directors
(1) Members: 12 Directors including 9 outside Directors (as of June 26, 2020)
     
     
Name
 
Position
     
Kenichiro Yoshida
 
Director
     
Hiroki Totoki
 
Director
     
Shuzo Sumi
 
Chairman of the Board
 
Outside Director
     
Tim Schaaff
 
Non-Executive
Director
     
Kazuo Matsunaga
 
Vice Chairman of the Board
 
Outside Director
     
Toshiko Oka
 
Outside Director
     
Sakie Akiyama
 
Outside Director
     
Wendy Becker
 
Outside Director
     
Yoshihiko Hatanaka
 
Outside Director
     
Adam Crozier
 
Outside Director
     
Keiko Kishigami
 
Outside Director
     
Joseph A. Kraft Jr.
 
Outside Director
Under the Companies Act, the term of office of Directors expires at the conclusion of the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders held with respect to the last business year ending within one year after their election.
(2) Purpose/Authority
The primary roles of the Board are to: (a) determine Sony’s fundamental management policies; (b) oversee the management of Sony’s business operations as an entity independent from Sony’s management; (c) appoint and dismiss the statutory committee members; (d) appoint and dismiss Senior Executives including Corporate Executive Officers; and (e) appoint and dismiss Representative Corporate Executive Officers.
For the matters to be decided by the Board and the matters to be reported to the Board, refer to Appendices 1 and 2 of the Charter of the Board of Directors (the “Board Charter”) attached as Exhibit 1.3 hereto.
(3) Policy Regarding Composition of the Board
With a view toward securing effective input and oversight by the Board, the Nominating Committee reviews and selects candidates for the Board with the aim of assuring that a substantial part of the Board is comprised of qualified outside Directors that satisfy the independence requirements established by Sony and by law. The Nominating Committee selects candidates that it views as well-suited to be Directors in light of the Board’s purpose of enhancing Sony’s corporate value. The Nominating Committee broadly considers various relevant factors, including a candidate’s capabilities (such as the candidate’s experience, achievements, expertise and international fluency), availability, and independence, as well as diversity in the boardroom, the appropriate size of the Board, and the knowledge, experiences and talent needed for the role. Under the Board Charter, Sony Corporation also requires that the Board consist of not fewer than 10 Directors and not more than 20 Directors. In addition, since 2005 the majority of the members of the Board have been outside Directors.
(4) Qualifications for Directors and Limitation of
Re-election
The qualifications for Directors of Sony Corporation under the Board Charter are generally as summarized below. As of June 26, 2020, all Directors satisfy the qualifications for Directors as set forth below, and all outside Directors satisfy the additional qualifications for outside Directors and are also qualified and designated as Independent Directors under the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
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All Directors must meet the qualifications below:
  (a) He/she shall not be a director, a statutory auditor, a corporate executive officer, a general manager or other employee of any company in competition with Sony in any of Sony’s principal businesses (a “Competing Company”) or own 3% or more of the shares of any Competing Company.
  (b) He/she shall not be or have been a representative partner or partner of Sony’s independent auditor the past three years before being nominated as a Director.
  (c) He/she shall not have any connection with any matter that may cause a material conflict of interest in performing the duties of a Director.
Outside Directors must meet the additional qualifications below:
  (a) He/she shall not have received directly from Sony, during any consecutive twelve-month period within the last three years, more than an amount equivalent to U.S. $120,000, other than Director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service).
  (b) He/she shall not be an executive director, corporate executive officer, general manager or other employee of any company whose aggregate amount of transactions with Sony, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of an amount equivalent to U.S. $1,000,000, or 2% of the annual consolidated sales of such company.
For additional requirements for outside Directors under the Companies Act, refer to “Item 16G.
Disclosure About Differences in Corporate Governance
”.
Also, each outside Director may, by resolution of the Nominating Committee, be nominated as a Director candidate for
re-election
up to five times, and thereafter by resolution of the Nominating Committee and by consent of all of the Directors. Even with the consent of all of the Directors, in no event may any outside Director be
re-elected
more than eight times.
(5) Matters related to Outside Directors
Sony Corporation expects that each outside Director play an important role in ensuring proper business decisions by Sony and effective input and oversight by the Board through actively exchanging opinions and having discussions about Sony’s business based on his or her various and broad experience, knowledge and expertise. Considering these expectations, the policy and procedures on the election of Director candidates, including independent outside Director candidates, are set forth as described above. As of June 26, 2020, the Board has 12 Directors, nine of whom are outside Directors. The Chairman of the Board is an outside Director; the Nominating Committee has four Directors, three of whom are outside Directors; the Compensation Committee has three Directors, all of whom are outside Directors; and the Audit Committee has three Directors, all of whom are outside Directors.
Pursuant to the Articles of Incorporation, Sony Corporation has entered into a liability limitation agreement with all
non-executive
Directors including outside Directors. A summary of such liability limitation agreement is as follows:
  (i) In a case where a
non-executive
Director is liable to the company after the execution of the liability limitation agreement for damages pursuant to Article 423, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act, such liabilities shall be limited to the greater of either 30 million yen or an amount equal to the aggregate sum of the amounts prescribed in each item of Article 425, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act, only where the
non-executive
Director acted in good faith without any gross negligence in performing his/her duties as a Director of the company.
  (ii) In a case where a
non-executive
Director is reelected as a
non-executive
Director of the company and reassumes his/her office as such on the expiration of the term of his/her office as a
non-executive
Director of the company, the liability limitation agreement shall continue to be effective after the reelection and
re-assumption
without any action or formality.
(6) Policy and Procedure for Selection and Dismissal of Senior Executives
Sony Corporation appoints Corporate Executive Officers including the CEO and other officers that assume important roles for the management of Sony as “Senior Executives.”
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The Board, a majority of which is comprised of independent outside Directors, has the authority to appoint and dismiss Senior Executives, including the CEO, and assign the roles and responsibilities of Senior Executives, and exercises its authority as necessary. In making decisions on the appointment of Senior Executives, including the CEO, the Board considers whether candidates for CEO meet certain qualifications for the CEO position which are set by the Nominating Committee and whether candidates for other Senior Executives have the necessary skills, capabilities, experiences and achievements that correspond to such Senior Executives’ expected roles and responsibilities.
The tenure of Senior Executives, including the CEO, is one year. The Board determines their
re-appointment
upon the expiration of each term considering the factors described above as well as their latest performance. The Board dismisses a Senior Executive, as necessary, in the event that the Board recognizes such Senior Executive is disqualified after discussions amongst the members of the Board or the Nominating Committee, even in the middle of the term for such Senior Executive.
Nominating Committee
(1) Members: 4 Directors including 3 outside Directors (as of June 26, 2020)
     
     
Name
 
Position
     
Shuzo Sumi
 
Chairman of the Nominating Committee    
 
(Outside Director)    
     
Adam Crozier
 
Nominating Committee Member    
 
(Outside Director)    
     
Yoshihiko Hatanaka
 
Nominating Committee Member    
 
(Outside Director)    
     
Kenichiro Yoshida
 
Nominating Committee Member    
 
(Director)    
(2) Purpose/Authority
The primary roles of the Nominating Committee are to: (a) determine the content of proposals regarding the appointment/dismissal of Directors to be submitted for approval at a General Meeting of Shareholders and (b) evaluate management succession plans, which the CEO develops, for the CEO and other executives designated by the Nominating Committee.
The Nominating Committee determines the content of proposals regarding the appointment and dismissal of Directors, considering the policy on composition of the Board, the qualifications for Directors and the limitation of
re-election
of Directors described above.
(3) Policy Regarding Composition of the Nominating Committee
Under the Companies Act, the Nominating Committee shall consist of at least three Directors, the majority of whom shall be outside Directors. In addition, under the Board Charter, at least one Director of the Nominating Committee shall be a Corporate Executive Officer and the chair is to be selected from among the outside Directors. In determining whether to appoint or remove a member of the Nominating Committee, continuity of the Nominating Committee shall be duly taken into account. As of June 26, 2020, the Nominating Committee is comprised of four Directors, three of whom are outside Directors.
(4) Management Succession Plans
The Nominating Committee evaluates the succession plans for the CEO and other executives designated by the Nominating Committee and the implementation of such plans, and reports its evaluation results to the Board, as appropriate.
For such evaluations, the CEO periodically reports the draft succession plans to the Nominating Committee and the Nominating Committee reviews such plans. As a part of such review, the Nominating Committee considers the development or promotion of the next generation’s management and evaluates whether such plan is prepared in a reasonable manner in light of Sony’s purpose to create sustainable social value and to enhance the corporate value over the
mid-
to long-term.
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Audit Committee
(1) Members: 3 outside Directors (as of June 26, 2020)
     
     
Name
 
Position
     
Kazuo Matsunaga
 
Chairman of the Audit Committee    
 
(Outside Director)    
     
Toshiko Oka
 
Audit Committee Member    
 
(Outside Director)    
     
Keiko Kishigami
 
Audit Committee Member    
 
(Outside Director)    
(2) Purpose/Authority
The primary roles of the Audit Committee are to: (a) monitor the performance of duties by Directors and Corporate Executive Officers and (b) oversee and evaluate the independent auditor.
(3) Policy Regarding Composition of the Audit Committee
Under the Companies Act, the Audit Committee shall consist of at least three Directors, the majority of whom shall be outside Directors. In addition, under the Board Charter, each member of the Audit Committee (“Audit Committee Member”) shall satisfy all of the following qualifications: (a) he/she shall not be a Director engaged in the business operations of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, a Corporate Executive Officer, an accounting counselor, a general manager or other employee of Sony and (b) he/she shall meet the independence requirements or such other equivalent requirements of the U.S. securities laws and regulations as may from time to time be applicable to Sony Corporation. The chair is to be selected from among the outside Directors. The Audit Committee Members shall be selected from among the persons who possess appropriate experience and talent as well as the necessary finance, accounting and legal knowledge to serve on the Audit Committee. No Audit Committee Member shall become, as a general rule, a member of the Nominating Committee or the Compensation Committee. In determining whether to appoint or remove the Audit Committee Member, continuity of the Audit Committee shall be duly taken into account.
Moreover, at least one Audit Committee Member shall meet the audit committee financial expert requirements or such other equivalent requirements of the U.S. securities laws and regulations as may from time to time be applicable to Sony Corporation. The Board makes a determination on whether or not such Audit Committee Members meet these requirements. As of June 26, 2020, the Audit Committee is comprised of three outside Directors, two of whom (Toshiko Oka and Keiko Kishigami) are “audit committee financial experts” within the meaning of Item 16A of Form
20-F
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(4) Policy on Selection of Independent Auditor Candidates and Independence of Independent Auditor
With respect to the candidates for independent auditor nominated by the CEO and other Corporate Executive Officers, the Audit Committee evaluates the nomination, prior to making a decision on the candidates. The Audit Committee continues to evaluate the independence, the qualification and the reasonableness as well as the performance of the independent auditor so appointed.
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Compensation Committee
(1) Members: 3 outside Directors (as of June 26, 2020)
     
     
Name
 
Position
     
Wendy Becker
 
Chairman of the Compensation Committee    
 
(Outside Director)    
     
Sakie Akiyama
 
Compensation Committee Member    
 
(Outside Director)    
     
Joseph A. Kraft Jr.
 
Compensation Committee Member    
 
(Outside Director)    
 
(2) Purpose/Authority
The primary roles of the Compensation Committee are to: (a) set policy on the content of individual compensation for Directors, Senior Executives and other officers and (b) determine the amount and content of individual compensation of Directors and Senior Executives in accordance with the policy.
For the basic policy regarding Director and Corporate Executive Officer compensation, refer to “Item 6B. Compensation”.
(3) Policy Regarding Composition of the Compensation Committee
Under the Companies Act, the Compensation Committee shall consist of at least three Directors, the majority of whom shall be outside Directors. In addition, under the Board Charter, a Director who is a CEO, a Chief Operating Officer (“COO”) or a Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) of Sony Corporation or who holds any equivalent position shall not be a member of the Compensation Committee. In determining whether to appoint or remove a member of the Compensation Committee, continuity of the Compensation Committee shall be duly taken into account. As of June 26, 2020, the Compensation Committee is comprised of three outside Directors.
Senior Executives (Corporate Executive Officer, Senior Executive Vice President and Executive Vice President)
(1) Total number of Senior Executives: 17 (including 6 Corporate Executive Officers) (as of June 26, 2020)
(2) Purpose/Authority
The primary roles of Senior Executives are to determine and execute Sony’s business activities in accordance with their roles and responsibilities assigned by the Board.
(3) Delegation of Authority from the Board
The Board determines the fundamental management policies and other material matters related to the operation of Sony’s business. The Board assigns the duties of Senior Executives, including the CEO, by determining the areas over which each Senior Executive is in charge and widely delegates its decision-making authority to the CEO, with a view to promoting timely and efficient decision-making within Sony. The CEO further subdelegates a part of such authority to other Senior Executives.
Other Officers (Senior Vice President)
(1) Total number of other officers: 25 (as of June 26, 2020)
(2) Purpose/Authority
The primary roles of other officers are to carry out their assignments within designated areas, such as business units, headquarters functions and/or research and development, in accordance with the fundamental policies determined by the Board and Senior Executives.
Meeting Record and Attendance Record of Outside Directors
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, the Board convened nine times. The Nominating Committee met five times, the Audit Committee met six times and the Compensation Committee met five times. All thirteen
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outside Directors, including Osamu Nagayama and Eiko Harada who retired in June 2019, participated in all meetings of the Board held during their tenure period in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Also, all outside Directors, except for Yoshihiko Hatanaka, who are members of the Committees participated in all of the meetings of each Committee held during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. (Yoshihiko Hatanaka, who is a member of the Nominating Committee, attended three of four meetings of the Committee held during his tenure in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.)
Support for Activities of Directors, the Board and the Committees
Sony Corporation engages in various activities to enhance the oversight function of the Board over management’s operation of Sony’s business as follows:
(1) Outside Director Initiatives
The Chairman of the Board is elected from among those Directors that are not also the Representative Corporate Executive Officer, and the Chairman leads the Board’s activities and secures the appropriate cooperation, communication and arrangement among outside Directors and Senior Executives. For example, the Board conducted outside Directors’ meetings, generally the same day as each Board Meeting was held. The Board also conducted Directors’ corporate strategic workshops with management, site visits by outside Directors and meetings of the Chairman and the CEO. All these activities were aimed at securing better understanding by outside Directors of Sony’s business and management’s initiatives and encouraging corporate strategic discussions among Directors.
(2) Secretariat Offices for the Board and each Committee
The company has established the secretariat offices of the Board and each Committee to support the activities of the members and encourage constructive and proactive discussion at the meetings of the Board and each Committee. Each secretariat office endeavors to distribute necessary materials for the meetings in advance and to provide other information such as accounting information, organizational charts, press releases, external analyst reports and credit rating reports, as appropriate. Each secretariat office explains the meeting agenda to the members and provides them with presentation materials in advance of each meeting date and facilitates deliberation in separate meetings or brief sessions depending on the nature of matters to be discussed. Each secretariat office also provides the absent members with a follow up briefing, as appropriate. In addition, each secretariat office shares the annual schedule of the meetings and anticipated agenda items in advance with the members, in order to appropriately set the frequency of meetings and the number of agenda items to be deliberated at each meeting.
(3) Provision of Necessary Information
When the company is requested to provide additional information, each secretariat office endeavors to provide the members such information promptly. Also, each secretariat office verifies appropriately whether requested information is provided smoothly. In the event that the members consult with external specialists, participate in various seminars and so on to perform their duties, the costs and expenses in connection with such activities are borne by the company in accordance with applicable internal rules.
(4) Audit Committee Aide
With the approval of the Board and with the Audit Committee’s consent, the company has established the Audit Committee Aide to support the activities of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee Aide does not concurrently hold positions related to the business operations of Sony and, upon instruction by each Audit Committee member, conducts investigations into and analyses of auditing matters and engages in physical inspections or visiting audits either by him/herself or by cooperating with relevant departments in order to support the Audit Committee.
(5) Policy on Director Training
Newly appointed Directors receive briefings by Senior Executives and outside experts regarding their expected roles and responsibilities, including legal duties, as a Director or a member of the Committees and briefings about the business, financial status, organization and governance structure of Sony. Also, throughout their tenure, each Director receives compliance-related training in accordance with internal protocols and briefings on matters relevant to each Director’s fulfillment of his/her roles and responsibilities including the current status of Sony’s business.
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Evaluation of the Board and the Committees’ Effectiveness
(1) Policy for Evaluation
Sony Corporation believes that it is important to endeavor to improve the effectiveness of the Board and each Committee in order to support Sony’s business operations and enhance the corporate value of Sony. To achieve this goal, Sony Corporation conducts evaluations of the effectiveness of the Board and of each Committee (the “Evaluation”) at least annually.
(2) Recent Evaluation
From February through April 2020, the Board conducted the Evaluation mainly in respect of the Board and Committee activities in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 after confirming that actions proposed in response to the results of the previous Evaluation were appropriately taken. The recent Evaluation was conducted, as the company did with the previous Evaluation, with the support of a third-party evaluation by an outside counsel having expertise in Japanese and global corporate governance practices (the “Outside Counsel”) in order to ensure transparency and objectivity and to obtain professional advice.
(3) Procedures for Recent Evaluation
First, the Board discussed and confirmed that the actions proposed to be taken in response to the results of previous Evaluation were taken, and discussed and confirmed the proposed procedures for the Evaluation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Thereafter, the third-party evaluation was conducted by the Outside Counsel in accordance with the following steps:
  Reviewed relevant material, such as the minutes of Board meetings, and attended a Board meeting;
 
 
  Confirmed with the Board secretariat office and each Committee’s secretariat office how meetings of the Board and Committees were conducted;
 
 
  Gathered responses to a questionnaire from each Director about the current status and practices of the Board and each Committee, such as the composition of the Board, operation of the Board, commitments of each Director, activities of each Committee and procedures of the previous Evaluation;
 
 
  Interviewed the Chairman of the Board, newly-appointed Directors, a Director who is concurrently in the position of the CEO, and certain additional Directors about the Board and Committee status and practices; and
 
 
  Researched other global companies’ practices in Japan, the United States and Europe, and compared them with the company’s practices.
 
 
The Board then received, reviewed and discussed the Outside Counsel’s report on the results of its evaluation. The Board confirmed the effectiveness of the Board and the Committees.
(4) Summary of the Results of Recent Evaluation
The Outside Counsel reported that the Board is established and operated in a manner sufficient to be highly appreciated, based on various points, including the self-evaluation results of the Directors and comparison with benchmarked companies in Japan, the United States and Europe. Following discussion and analysis based on the Outside Counsel’s report, the Board
re-affirmed
that the Board and each Committee were functioning effectively as of April 2020.
The Outside Counsel also provided examples of potential options, based on other companies’ practices, to help further improve effectiveness of the Board and Committees. The examples include continuously studying the feasibility of having special committees according to recent evolution of the business environment, further progress of the relationship between the Audit Committee and the internal audit department, further expanding disclosure about the enhanced compensation plan and experience/expertise of each Director and development of new methods to hold Board meetings.
(5) Actions in response to the Results of the Evaluation
In order to increase corporate value of Sony, Sony Corporation will take appropriate actions to further enhance functions of the Board and the Committees in response to the results of the Evaluation, as well as various comments and opinions given by Directors and the Outside Counsel during the Evaluation process.
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For reference, after the previous Evaluation conducted from February through April 2019, Sony Corporation took the following actions, among others, to help improve the effectiveness of the Board:
  Enhanced diversity in the boardroom (by newly appointing two
non-Japanese
and one female Directors as outside Directors);
 
 
  Continuously made periodic reports to the Board on ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) related matters;
 
 
  Focused on information security continuously through the Director in charge of Information Security;
 
 
  Held additional executive sessions;
 
 
  Expanded disclosure regarding compensation of Directors and Senior Executives; and
 
 
  Conducted visiting audits by Audit Committee members at Sony’s business sites.
 
 
Internal Control and Governance Framework
At a Board meeting held on April 26, 2006, the Board reaffirmed the internal control and governance framework in effect as of the date of determination and determined to continue to evaluate and improve such framework going forward, as appropriate. At a Board meeting held on May 13, 2009 and April 30, 2015, the Board amended and updated the internal control and governance framework, and with the written resolution of the Board dated as of May 15, 2020, the Board reaffirmed such framework in effect and determined to continue to evaluate and improve such framework going forward, as appropriate. These determinations were required by and met the requirements of the Companies Act.
A summary of principal framework in the internal control and governance framework based on the Board determination above is as follows:
(1) Disclosure Control Framework
The securities of Sony Corporation are listed for trading on exchanges in Japan and the U.S. As a result, Sony is obligated to make various disclosures to the public in accordance with applicable securities laws, regulations and rules in those countries and listing standards of the stock exchanges on which Sony Corporation’s shares are listed. Sony is committed to full compliance with all requirements applicable to its public disclosures. Sony Corporation’s policy on investor relations activities is to aim to disclose accurate information in a timely and fair manner, as well as to endeavor to promote constructive dialogue with shareholders and investors, with a view to maximizing the corporate value by building a relationship of trust with shareholders and investors. Sony Corporation has in place disclosure controls and procedures in support of this policy. All personnel responsible for the preparation of submissions to and filings with the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory entities, or for other public communications made on behalf of Sony, or who provide information as part of that process, have a responsibility to ensure that such disclosures and information are full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable, and in compliance with the established disclosure controls and procedures.
Sony Corporation has established “Disclosure Controls and Procedures,” outlining the process through which potentially material information is reported from important business units, subsidiaries, affiliated companies and corporate divisions and is reviewed and considered for disclosure in light of its materiality to Sony. As a body to assist the CEO and the CFO of Sony Corporation, in designing, implementing and evaluating the Disclosure Controls and Procedures, Sony Corporation has established the “Disclosure Committee,” which is comprised of members of senior management of Sony Corporation who are in charge of relevant departments. In order to assure appropriate and timely disclosure, the Disclosure Committee shall evaluate events that are reported from the important business units, subsidiaries, affiliated companies and corporate divisions in accordance with Sony’s internal rules in light of their materiality to Sony. Based on such evaluation, the Disclosure Committee shall review the necessity of disclosure in accordance with applicable securities laws, regulations and rules, as well as the listing standards of the relevant stock exchanges, and report to the CEO and CFO for their determination.
(2) Risk Management Framework
Each business unit, subsidiary/affiliated company and corporate division of Sony periodically reviews and assesses risks and establish and maintain necessary risk management systems (such as detection, communication,
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evaluation and response) for the area of which they are in charge. In addition, Senior Executives, including the Corporate Executive Officers, of Sony Corporation have established and maintain a system to identify and control risks that may cause losses to Sony regarding the areas of which they are in charge. The Corporate Executive Officer in charge of group risk control shall comprehensively promote and manage the establishment and maintenance of the systems as stated above. 
D.
Employees
 
As of March 31, 2020, Sony had approximately 111,700 employees, a decrease of approximately 2,700 employees from March 31, 2019. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, although there was an increase of employees in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”) (outside of Japan), Imaging & Sensing Solutions (“I&SS”) (within Japan), Music and Financial Services segments, there was a decrease of employees in the Electronics Products & Solutions (“EP&S”) and Pictures segments, as well as in All Other. In the EP&S segment and All Other, this was mainly due to the restructuring of the smartphone business and disc manufacturing business. Approximately 11% of the total number of employees were members of labor unions.
As of March 31, 2019, Sony had approximately 114,400 employees, a decrease of approximately 2,900 employees from March 31, 2018. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, although there was an increase of employees in the I&SS and Financial Services segments, there was a significant decrease of employees in the EP&S segment and All Other mainly due to the restructuring of the smartphone business and disc manufacturing business. Approximately 13% of the total number of employees were members of labor unions.
As of March 31, 2018, Sony had approximately 117,300 employees, a decrease of approximately 11,100 employees from March 31, 2017. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, although there was an increase of employees in the Financial Services and Pictures segments, there was a significant decrease of employees in the Electronics segment mainly due to the transfer of the battery business. Approximately 14% of the total number of employees were members of labor unions.
The following table shows the number of employees of Sony by segment and region as of March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Number of Employees by Segment and Region
                         
 
March 31
 
 
2018
   
2019
   
2020
 
By segment:
 
 
G&NS, EP&S and I&SS total
   
77,400
     
75,600
   
 
73,000
 
Music
   
8,200
     
8,500
   
 
9,900
 
Pictures
   
9,800
     
9,300
   
 
8,400
 
Financial Services
   
11,400
     
11,800
   
 
12,300
 
All Other
   
5,300
     
4,000
   
 
3,200
 
Unallocated — Corporate employees
   
5,200
     
5,200
   
 
4,900
 
By region:
   
     
     
 
Japan
   
51,500
     
52,200
   
 
53,700
 
Outside of Japan
   
65,800
     
62,200
   
 
58,000
 
                         
Total
   
117,300
     
114,400
   
 
111,700
 
                         
 
In addition, the average number of employees for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 calculated by averaging the total number of employees at the end of each quarter, was approximately 118,900, 116,000 and 113,000 respectively.
Sony generally considers its labor relations to be good.
In Japan, Sony Corporation and several subsidiaries have labor unions.
In the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments, Sony owns many manufacturing sites, particularly in Asia, where a few sites have labor unions that have union contracts. In China, most employees are members of labor unions. In the Americas, some manufacturing sites have labor unions. Sony has generally maintained good relationships with these labor unions. In Europe, Sony also maintains good labor relations with the European Works Council and the local Unions and Works Councils.
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In the Music segment, Sony has several labor unions and generally considers its labor relations to be good.
In the Pictures segment, Sony also generally considers its labor relations to be good. A number of Pictures’ subsidiaries are signatories to union contracts. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, negotiations were successfully concluded with the Directors Guild of America for new three-year terms for the Basic Agreement and the Film Live Tape Television Agreement.
Two-year
deals were reached with the American Federation of Musicians for the Theatrical Agreement and the Television Agreement. An agreement was reached with the Studio Transportation Drivers, Local 399, Cook Helper/Cook Helper Drivers for the term January 19, 2020 to July 31, 2021. In addition, a new three-year deal was reached with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 817 on the Feature Film Agreement with Theatrical Drivers and Helpers. Negotiations with the Screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Television and Radio Artists commenced on April 27, 2020. Negotiations for a new collective bargaining agreement with the Writers Guild of America commenced on May 18, 2020.
Sony continuously strives to provide competitive wages and benefits and good working conditions for all of its employees.
E.
Share Ownership
 
The total number of shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Directors and Corporate Executive Officers listed in “Directors and Senior Management” above (out of whom 13 people own shares) was approximately 0.025% of the total shares outstanding as of June 4, 2020.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony Corporation granted stock acquisition rights, which represent rights to subscribe for shares of Common Stock, to Corporate Executive Officers and employees of Sony Corporation as well as directors, officers and employees of its subsidiaries. The stock acquisition rights cannot be exercised for one year from the date of grant and generally vest ratably up to three years from the date of grant and are generally exercisable up to ten years from the date of grant. The following table shows the portion of those stock acquisition rights which were granted by Sony Corporation to Directors and Corporate Executive Officers as of June 4, 2020 and which were outstanding as of the same date.
                 
Year granted
(Fiscal year ended March 31)
 
Total number of
shares subject to stock
acquisition rights
 
 
Exercise price per share
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
2020
   
240
     
6,705 yen
 
2019
   
230
     
6,440 yen
 
2018
   
208
     
5,231 yen
 
2017
   
244
     
3,364 yen
 
2016
   
58
     
3,404 yen
 
2015
   
114
     
2,410.5 yen
 
2014
   
10
     
2,007 yen
 
2012
   
7
     
1,523 yen
 
2011
   
3
     
2,945 yen
 
 
Regarding the above compensation plans, refer to Note 17 of the consolidated financial statements.
Item 7.
Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions
 
A.
Major Shareholders
 
As of March 31, 2020, there were 1,261,058,781 shares of Common Stock outstanding, including 40,898,841 shares of treasury stock. Out of the total outstanding shares, 114,612,168 shares were in the form of ADRs and 229,425,899 shares were held of record in the form of Common Stock by residents in the U.S. As of March 31, 2020, the number of registered ADR holders was 4,974 and the number of registered holders of Common Stock in the U.S. was 401.
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The Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan requires any person who solely or jointly owns more than 5% of total issued voting shares of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange to file with the Kanto Local Finance Bureau (the “Bureau”) a Bulk Shareholding Report. The following table summarizes the Bulk Shareholding Reports related to Sony (each a “Report”) submitted to the Bureau, where it is reported that ownership percentage by the reported entity exceeds 5% in the most recent updated Report. The Reports do not specify whether reported ownership is direct or beneficial.
                     
Date of Report*
 
Reported entities
 
Reported number of direct or
indirect owned and
deemed owned shares**
 
 
Reported percentage of direct or
indirect owned and
deemed owned shares**
 
March 22, 2017
 
BlackRock Japan Co., Ltd.
   
79,184,569
     
6.27
 
September 20, 2019
 
Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Asset Management Co., Ltd.
   
72,545,958
     
5.70
 
 
* The table above contains information from the most recent updated Reports.
** Shares issuable or transferable upon exchange of exchangeable securities, conversion of convertible securities or exercise of warrants or stock acquisition rights (including those incorporated in bonds with stock acquisition rights) are taken into account in determining both the size of the reported entity’s holding and Sony’s total issued share capital.
To the knowledge of Sony Corporation, it is not directly or indirectly owned or controlled by any other corporation, by any foreign government or by any other natural or legal person either severally or jointly. As far as is known to Sony Corporation, there are no arrangements the operation of which may, at a subsequent date, result in a change in control of Sony Corporation.
To the knowledge of Sony Corporation, there were no significant changes in the percentage ownership held by any other major beneficial shareholders during the past three fiscal years. Major shareholders of Sony Corporation do not have different voting rights from other shareholders.
B.
Related Party Transactions
 
In the ordinary course of business, Sony purchases materials, supplies, and services from numerous suppliers throughout the world, including firms with which certain members of the Board of Directors are affiliated.
In addition, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, sales to affiliates accounted for under the equity method totaled 36.0 billion yen and purchases from those equity affiliates totaled 3.5 billion yen. Although there were 140 equity affiliates accounted for under the equity method at March 31, 2020, there were no individually significant investments.
As of March 31, 2020, Sony had accounts receivable, trade of 12.0 billion yen due from its equity affiliates and had accounts payable, trade of 1.5 billion yen due to its equity affiliates. Due to the size of these transactions, Sony does not consider the amount involved to be material to its business. Refer to Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding Sony’s investments in and transactions with equity affiliates.
C.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
 
Not Applicable
Item 8.
Financial Information
 
A.
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
 
Refer to the consolidated financial statements and the notes of the consolidated financial statements.
Legal Proceedings
Beginning in 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice, the European Commission and certain other governmental agencies outside the United States have conducted investigations relating to competition in the optical disk drives market. Sony Corporation and/or certain of its subsidiaries have been subject to these investigations. Sony Corporation understands that these investigations have ended. However, proceedings
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initiated by the European Commission as a result of its investigation continue. In October 2015, the European Commission adopted a decision in which it fined Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries 31 million euros; however, Sony Corporation filed an appeal against the decision with the European Union’s General Court. In July 2019, the General Court upheld the European Commission’s decision. Sony Corporation reviewed the judgment carefully and filed an appeal with the Court of Justice of the European Union in September 2019. A number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. All of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States, except one lawsuit which is still pending. Sony believes that final resolution of the pending proceedings will not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Since 2011, in relation to the secondary batteries business that was operated by Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. All of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States, except one lawsuit which is still pending. Sony believes that final resolution of the pending proceeding will not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
In addition, Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants or otherwise involved in other pending legal and regulatory proceedings. However, based upon the information currently available, Sony believes that the outcome from such legal and regulatory proceedings would not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Dividend Policy
Sony believes that continuously increasing corporate value and providing dividends are essential to rewarding shareholders. It is Sony’s policy to utilize retained earnings, after ensuring the perpetuation of stable dividends, to carry out various investments that contribute to an increase in corporate value, such as those that ensure future growth and strengthen competitiveness. Going forward, Sony will determine the amount of dividends based on an overall consideration of Sony’s consolidated operating results, financial condition and future business expectations.
A fiscal
year-end
dividend of 25 yen per share of Common Stock of Sony Corporation was approved with the written resolution of the Board of Directors dated as of May 13, 2020 and the payment of such dividend started on June 5, 2020. Sony Corporation has already paid an interim dividend for Common Stock of 20 yen per share to each shareholder; accordingly, the total annual dividend per share of Common Stock for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 is 45 yen.
B.
Significant Changes
 
Not applicable
Item 9.
The Offer and Listing
 
A.
Offer and Listing Details
 
Trading Markets
The principal trading markets for Sony Corporation’s ordinary shares are the Tokyo Stock Exchange (“TSE”) in the form of Common Stock and the NYSE in the form of American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) evidenced by American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”). Each ADS represents one share of Common Stock.
Sony Corporation’s Common Stock, with no par value per share, has been listed on the TSE since 1958 under the stock code “6758.”
Sony Corporation’s ADRs have been traded in the U.S. since 1961 and have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) since 1970 under the ticker symbol “SNE.” Sony Corporation’s ADRs are issued and exchanged by Citibank, N.A., as the Depositary.
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B.
Plan of Distribution
 
Not Applicable
C.
Markets
 
Please refer to “Item 9.A.
Offer and Listing Details.
D.
Selling Shareholders
 
Not Applicable
E.
Dilution
 
Not Applicable
F.
Expenses of the Issue
 
Not Applicable
Item 10.
Additional Information
 
A.
Share Capital
 
Not Applicable
B.
Memorandum and Articles of Association
 
Organization
Sony Corporation is a joint stock corporation
(Kabushiki Kaisha)
incorporated in Japan under the Companies Act
(Kaishaho)
of Japan. It is registered in the Commercial Register
(Shogyo Tokibo)
maintained by the Minato Branch Office of the Tokyo Legal Affairs Bureau.
Objects and purposes
The Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that its purpose is to engage in the following business activities:
  (i) manufacture and sale of electronic and electrical machines and equipment, medical instruments, optical instruments and other equipment, machines and instruments;
 
  (ii) planning, production and sale of audio-visual software and computer software programs;
 
  (iii) manufacture and sale of metal industrial products, chemical industrial products and ceramic industrial products, textile products, paper products and wood-crafted articles, daily necessities, foodstuffs and toys, transportation machines and equipment, and petroleum and coal products;
 
  (iv) real estate activities, construction business, transportation business and warehousing business;
 
  (v) publishing business and printing business;
 
  (vi) advertising agency business, insurance agency business, broadcasting enterprise, recreation business such as travel, management of sporting facilities, etc. and other service enterprises;
 
  (vii) financial business;
 
  (viii) Type I and Type II telecommunications business under the Telecommunications Business Law;
 
  (ix) investing in stocks and bonds, etc.;
 
  (x) manufacture, sale, export and import of products which are incidental to or related to those mentioned above;
 
  (xi) rendering of services related to those mentioned above;
 
 
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  (xii) investment in businesses mentioned above operated by other companies or persons; and
 
  (xiii) all businesses which are incidental to or related to those mentioned above.
 
Directors
Under the Companies Act, because Sony Corporation has adopted the “Company with Three Committees” system, Directors have no power to execute the business of Sony Corporation except in limited circumstances as permitted by law. If a Director also serves concurrently as a Corporate Executive Officer, then he or she can execute the business of Sony Corporation in the capacity of Corporate Executive Officer. Under the Companies Act, Directors must refrain from engaging in any business competing with Sony Corporation unless approved by the Board of Directors, and any Director who has a material interest in the subject matter of a resolution to be taken by the Board of Directors cannot vote on such resolution. The amount of remuneration to each Director is determined by the Compensation Committee, which consists of Directors, the majority of whom are outside Directors (Refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees
”). No member of the Compensation Committee may vote on a resolution with respect to his or her own compensation as a Director or a Corporate Executive Officer.
Neither the Companies Act nor Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation make a special provision as to the borrowing powers exercisable by Directors (subject to requisite internal authorizations as required by the Companies Act), their retirement age, or a requirement to hold any shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation.
For more information on Directors, refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees.
Capital stock
(General)
Unless indicated otherwise, set forth below is information relating to Sony Corporation’s capital stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and Share Handling Regulations, currently in effect, and of the Companies Act and related regulations.
On January 5, 2009, a central book-entry transfer system for shares of Japanese listed companies was established pursuant to the Act Concerning Book-entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds, Shares, etc. (including regulations promulgated thereunder, “Book-entry Transfer Act”), and this system is applied to the shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation. Under this system, shares of all Japanese companies listed on any Japanese stock exchange are dematerialized, and shareholders must have accounts at account management institutions to hold their shares unless such shareholder has an account at Japan Securities Depository Center, Inc. (“JASDEC”). “Account management institutions” are financial instruments traders (i.e., securities companies), banks, trust companies and certain other financial institutions that meet the requirements prescribed by the Book-entry Transfer Act. Transfer of the shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation is effected exclusively through entry in the records maintained by JASDEC and the account management institutions, and title to the shares passes to the transferee at the time when the transfer of the shares is recorded at the transferee’s account at an account management institution. The holder of an account at an account management institution is presumed to be the legal holder of the shares recorded in such account.
Under the Companies Act and the Book-entry Transfer Act, in order to assert shareholders’ rights against Sony Corporation, a shareholder of shares must have its name and address registered in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, shareholders shall notify the relevant account management institutions of certain information prescribed under the Book-entry Transfer Act or Sony Corporation’s Share Handling Regulations, including their names and addresses, and the registration on Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders is updated upon receipt by Sony Corporation of necessary information from JASDEC (as described in “
(Record date)
”). On the other hand, in order to assert, against Sony Corporation, shareholders’ rights to which shareholders are entitled, regardless of whether such shareholder held shares on the requisite record date, such as minority shareholders’ rights, including the right to propose a matter to be considered at a General Meeting of Shareholders, except for shareholders’ rights to request that Sony Corporation purchase or sell shares constituting less than a full unit (as described in “
(Unit share system)
”), JASDEC shall, upon the shareholder’s request, issue a notice of certain information, including the name and address of such shareholder, to Sony Corporation.
 
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Thereafter, such shareholder is required to present Sony Corporation a receipt of the notice request in accordance with the Sony Corporation’s Share Handling Regulations. Under the Book-entry Transfer Act, the shareholder shall exercise such shareholders’ right within four weeks after the notice above has been given to Sony Corporation.
Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation is the transfer agent for Sony Corporation’s capital stock. As such, it keeps Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders in its office at
4-5,
Marunouchi
1-chome,
Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo.
Non-resident
shareholders are required to appoint a standing proxy in Japan or file notice of a mailing address in Japan. Notices from Sony Corporation to
non-resident
shareholders are delivered to such standing proxies or mailing address. Japanese securities companies and commercial banks customarily act as standing proxies and provide related services for standard fees. The recorded holder of deposited shares underlying the American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) is the depositary for the ADSs. Accordingly, holders of ADSs will not be able to directly assert shareholders’ rights against Sony Corporation.
(Authorized capital)
Under the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may only issue shares of Common Stock. Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide that the total number of shares authorized to be issued by Sony Corporation is 3.6 billion shares.
All shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation have no par value. All issued shares are fully-paid and
non-assessable.
(Distribution of Surplus)
Distribution of Surplus — General
Under the Companies Act, distributions of cash or other assets by joint stock corporations to their shareholders, so called “dividends,” are referred to as “distributions of Surplus” (“Surplus” is defined in “— Restriction on distribution of Surplus”). Sony Corporation may make distributions of Surplus to shareholders any number of times per business year, subject to certain limitations described in “— Restriction on distribution of Surplus.” Distributions of Surplus are required in principle to be authorized by a resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders, but Sony Corporation may authorize distributions of Surplus by a resolution of the Board of Directors as long as its
non-consolidated
annual financial statements and certain documents for the last business year present fairly its assets and profit or loss, as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.
Distributions of Surplus may be made in cash or in kind in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by each shareholder. A resolution of the Board of Directors or a General Meeting of Shareholders authorizing a distribution of Surplus must specify the kind and aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed, the manner of allocation of such assets to shareholders, and the effective date of the distribution. If a distribution of Surplus is to be made in kind, Sony Corporation may, pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or (as the case may be) a General Meeting of Shareholders, grant a right to the shareholders to require Sony Corporation to make such distribution in cash instead of in kind. If no such right is granted to shareholders, the relevant distribution of Surplus must be approved by a special resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders (refer to “
(Voting rights)
” with respect to a “special resolution”).
Under the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation,
year-end
dividends and interim dividends may be distributed in cash to shareholders appearing in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders as of March 31 and September 30 each year, respectively, in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by each shareholder following approval by the Board of Directors or (as the case may be) the General Meeting of Shareholders. Sony Corporation is not obliged to pay any dividends in cash unclaimed for a period of five years after the date on which they first became payable.
In Japan, the
ex-dividend
date and the record date for dividends precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividends to be paid. The price of the shares of Common Stock generally goes
ex-dividend
on the business day immediately prior to the record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the second business day prior thereto).
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Distribution of Surplus — Restriction on distribution of Surplus
In making a distribution of Surplus, Sony Corporation must, until the sum of its additional
paid-in
capital and legal reserve reaches one quarter of its stated capital, set aside in its additional
paid-in
capital and/or legal reserve an amount equal to
one-tenth
of the amount of Surplus so distributed.
The amount of Surplus at any given time must be calculated in accordance with the following formula:
A + B + C + D - (E + F + G)
In the above formula:
             
“A” =
   
   
the total amount of other capital surplus and other retained earnings, each such amount being that appearing on the
non-consolidated
balance sheet as of the end of the last business year
             
“B” =
   
   
(if Sony Corporation has disposed of its treasury stock after the end of the last business year) the amount of the consideration for such treasury stock received by Sony Corporation less the book value thereof
             
“C” =
   
   
(if Sony Corporation has reduced its stated capital after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to additional
paid-in
capital or legal reserve (if any)
             
“D” =
   
   
(if Sony Corporation has reduced its additional
paid-in
capital or legal reserve after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to stated capital (if any)
             
“E” =
   
   
(if Sony Corporation has cancelled its treasury stock after the end of the last business year) the book value of such treasury stock
             
“F” =
   
   
(if Sony Corporation has distributed Surplus to its shareholders after the end of the last business year) the total book value of the Surplus so distributed
             
“G” =
   
   
certain other amounts set forth in ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if Sony Corporation has reduced Surplus and increased its stated capital, additional
paid-in
capital or legal reserve after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction and (if Sony Corporation has distributed Surplus to the shareholders after the end of the last business year) the amount set aside in additional
paid-in
capital or legal reserve (if any) as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.
 
The aggregate book value of Surplus distributed by Sony Corporation may not exceed a prescribed distributable amount (the “Distributable Amount”), as calculated on the effective date of such distribution. The Distributable Amount at any given time shall be equal to the amount of Surplus less the aggregate of the following:
  (a) the book value of its treasury stock;
 
  (b) the amount of consideration for any of treasury stock disposed of by Sony Corporation after the end of the last business year; and
 
  (c) certain other amounts set forth in ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if the sum of
one-half
of goodwill and the deferred assets exceeds the total of stated capital, additional
paid-in
capital and legal reserve, each such amount being that appearing on the
non-consolidated
balance sheet as of the end of the last business year) all or certain part of such exceeding amount as calculated in accordance with ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.
 
As Sony Corporation has become a company with respect to which consolidated balance sheets should also be considered in the calculation of the Distributable Amount (
renketsu haito kisei tekiyo kaisha
), Sony Corporation must further deduct from the amount of Surplus the excess amount, if any, of (x) the total amount of stockholders’ equity appearing on the
non-consolidated
balance sheet as of the end of the last business year and certain other amounts set forth by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice over (y) the total amount of stockholders’ equity and certain other amounts set forth by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice appearing on the consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year.
If Sony Corporation has prepared interim financial statements as described below, and if such interim financial statements have been approved by the Board of Directors or (if so required by the Companies Act) by a
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General Meeting of Shareholders, then the Distributable Amount must be adjusted to take into account the amount of profit or loss, and the amount of consideration for any of the treasury stock disposed of by Sony Corporation, during the period in respect of which such interim financial statements have been prepared. Sony Corporation may prepare
non-consolidated
interim financial statements consisting of a balance sheet as of any date subsequent to the end of the last business year and an income statement for the period from the first day of the current business year to the date of such balance sheet. Interim financial statements so prepared by Sony Corporation must be audited by the Audit Committee and the independent auditor, as required by the Companies Act and in accordance with the details prescribed by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.
(Capital and reserves)
Sony Corporation may generally reduce its additional
paid-in
capital or legal reserve by resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders and, if so decided by the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as stated capital. On the other hand, Sony Corporation may generally reduce its stated capital by a special shareholders’ resolution (as defined in “
(Voting rights)
”) and, if so decided by the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as additional
paid-in
capital. In addition, Sony Corporation may reduce its Surplus and increase either (i) stated capital or (ii) additional
paid-in
capital and/or legal reserve by the same amount, in either case by resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders.
(Stock splits)
Sony Corporation may at any time split shares in issue into a greater number of shares at the determination of the CEO, and may amend its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of the authorized shares to be issued to allow such stock split pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by a Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such determination has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors, rather than relying on a special shareholders’ resolution, which is otherwise required for amending the Articles of Incorporation.
When a stock split is to be made, Sony Corporation must give public notice of the stock split, specifying the record date thereof, at least two weeks prior to such record date. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, Sony Corporation must also give notice to JASDEC regarding a stock split at least two weeks prior to the relevant effective date of the stock split. On the effective date of the stock split, the numbers of shares recorded in all accounts held by Sony Corporation’s shareholders at account managing institutions or JASDEC will be increased in accordance with the applicable ratio.
(Consolidation of shares)
Sony Corporation may at any time consolidate issued shares into a smaller number of shares by a special shareholders’ resolution. When a consolidation of shares is to be made, Sony Corporation must give public notice or notice to each shareholder at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the consolidation of shares. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, Sony Corporation must also give notice to JASDEC regarding a consolidation of shares at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the consolidation of shares. On the effective date of the consolidation of shares, the numbers of shares recorded in all accounts held by Sony Corporation’s shareholders at account managing institutions or JASDEC will be decreased in accordance with the applicable ratio. Sony Corporation must disclose the reason for the consolidation of shares at a General Meeting of Shareholders.
(General Meeting of Shareholders)
The Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of Sony Corporation for each business year is normally held in June of each year in Tokyo, Japan. In addition, Sony Corporation may hold an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders whenever necessary by giving notice thereof at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting.
Notice of a shareholders’ meeting setting forth the place, time and purpose thereof must be mailed to each shareholder having voting rights (or, in the case of a
non-resident
shareholder, to such shareholder’s resident proxy or mailing address in Japan) at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting. Under the Companies Act, such notice may be given to shareholders by electronic means, subject to obtaining consent by the relevant shareholders. The record date for an Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders is March 31 of each year.
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Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 3% of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may require the convocation of a General Meeting of Shareholders for a particular purpose. Unless such a shareholders’ meeting is convened promptly or a convocation notice of a meeting which is to be held not later than eight weeks from the day of such demand is dispatched, the requiring shareholder may, upon obtaining a court approval, convene such a shareholders’ meeting.
Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 300 voting rights or 1% of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may propose a matter to be considered at a General Meeting of Shareholders by submitting a written request to Sony Corporation at least eight weeks prior to the date set for such meeting.
If the Articles of Incorporation so provide, any of the minimum voting rights or percentages, time periods and number of voting rights necessary for exercising the minority shareholder rights described above may be decreased or shortened. Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation currently do not include any such provisions.
(Voting rights)
So long as Sony Corporation maintains the unit share system, a holder of shares constituting one or more units is entitled to one vote for each such unit of stock (refer to “
(Unit share system)
” below; currently 100 shares constitute one unit), except that no voting rights with respect to shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation are afforded to Sony Corporation or any corporate or certain other entities more than
one-quarter
of the total voting rights of which are directly or indirectly held by Sony Corporation. If Sony Corporation eliminates from its Articles of Incorporation the provisions relating to units of stock, holders of capital stock will have one vote for each share they hold. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, a resolution can be adopted at a General Meeting of Shareholders by a majority of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting. The Companies Act and Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide, however, that the quorum for the election of Directors shall be
one-third
of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders. Sony Corporation’s shareholders are not entitled to cumulative voting in the election of Directors. Shareholders may cast their votes in writing and may also exercise their voting rights through proxies, provided that the proxies are also shareholders holding voting rights. Shareholders may also exercise their voting rights by electronic means pursuant to the method designated by Sony Corporation.
The Companies Act and the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that in order to amend the Articles of Incorporation and in certain other instances, including:
  (1) acquisition of its own shares from a specific party other than its subsidiaries;
 
  (2) consolidation of shares;
 
  (3) any offering of new shares or existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock at a “specially favorable” price (or any offering of stock acquisition rights to acquire shares of capital stock, or bonds with stock acquisition rights on “specially favorable” conditions) to any persons other than shareholders;
 
  (4) the exemption of liability of a Director, Corporate Executive Officer or independent auditor with certain exceptions;
 
  (5) a reduction of stated capital with certain exceptions;
 
  (6) a distribution of
in-kind
dividends which meets certain requirements;
 
  (7) dissolution, merger, consolidation, or corporate split with certain exceptions;
 
  (8) the transfer of the whole or a material part of the business;
 
  (9) the transfer of the whole or a part of the shares or equity interests in a subsidiary which meets certain requirements;
 
  (10) the taking over of the whole of the business of any other corporation with certain exceptions; or
 
  (11) share exchange or share transfer for the purpose of establishing 100% parent-subsidiary relationships with certain exceptions,
 
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the quorum shall be
one-third
of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders, and the approval by at least
two-thirds
of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required (the “special shareholders’ resolutions”).
(Issue of additional shares and
pre-emptive
rights)
Holders of Sony Corporation’s shares of capital stock have no
pre-emptive
rights under its Articles of Incorporation. Authorized but unissued shares may be issued, or existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock may be transferred, at such times and upon such terms as the Board of Directors or the CEO determines, subject to the limitations as to the offering of new shares or transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock at a “specially favorable” price mentioned under “
(Voting rights)
” above.
In the case of an issuance of shares (including a transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock) or stock acquisition rights whereby any subscriber will hold more than 50% of the voting rights of all shareholders, generally Sony Corporation shall give public notice at least two weeks prior to the payment date for such issuance, and if shareholders who hold
one-tenth
or more of the voting rights of all shareholders dissent from the issuance of shares or stock acquisition rights, the approval by a resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders is generally required before the payment date pursuant to the Companies Act. In addition, in the case of an issuance of shares (including a transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock) or stock acquisition rights by way of an allotment to a third party which would dilute the outstanding voting shares by 25% or more or change the controlling shareholder, in addition to a resolution of the Board of Directors, the approval of the shareholders or an affirmative vote from a person independent of the management is generally required pursuant to the rules of the TSE. The Board of Directors or the CEO may, however, determine that shareholders shall be given subscription rights regarding a particular issue of new shares, in which case such rights must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders as of a record date of which not less than two weeks’ prior public notice is given. Each of the shareholders to whom such rights are given must also be given notice of the expiry thereof at least two weeks prior to the date on which such rights expire.
Subject to certain conditions, Sony Corporation may issue stock acquisition rights by a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by the CEO. Holders of stock acquisition rights may exercise their rights to acquire a certain number of shares within the exercise period as prescribed in the terms of their stock acquisition rights. Upon exercise of stock acquisition rights, Sony Corporation will be obliged to issue the relevant number of new shares or alternatively to transfer the necessary number of treasury stock held by it.
In cases where a particular issue of new shares or stock acquisition rights (i) violates laws and regulations or Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, or (ii) will be performed in a materially unfair manner, and shareholders may suffer disadvantages therefrom, such shareholders may file an injunction to enjoin such issue with a court.
(Liquidation rights)
In the event of a liquidation of Sony Corporation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses and taxes will be distributed among the holders of shares of Common Stock in proportion to the respective numbers of shares of Common Stock held.
(Record date)
March 31 is the record date for Sony Corporation’s
year-end
dividends, if declared. So long as Sony Corporation maintains the unit share system, shareholders who are registered as the holders of one or more unit of stock in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders at the end of each March 31 are also entitled to exercise shareholders’ rights at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders with respect to the business year ending on such March 31. September 30 is the record date for interim dividends, if declared. In addition, Sony Corporation may set a record date for determining the shareholders entitled to other rights and for other purposes by giving at least two weeks’ prior public notice.
JASDEC is required to promptly give Sony Corporation notice of the names and addresses of Sony Corporation’s shareholders, the numbers of shares of Common Stock held by them and other relevant information as of such respective record dates.
The price of shares generally goes
ex-dividends
or
ex-rights
on Japanese stock exchanges on the business day immediately prior to a record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the second business day prior thereto), for the purpose of dividends or rights offerings.
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(Acquisition by Sony Corporation of its capital stock)
Under the Companies Act and the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may acquire shares of Common Stock (i) from a specific shareholder other than any of its subsidiaries (pursuant to the special shareholders’ resolution), (ii) from any of its subsidiaries (pursuant to a determination by the CEO as delegated by the Board of Directors), or (iii) by way of purchase on any Japanese stock exchange on which Sony Corporation’s shares of Common Stock are listed or by way of tender offer (pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, as long as its
non-consolidated
annual financial statements and certain documents for the last business year present fairly its assets and profit or loss, as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice).
In the case of (i) above, any other shareholder may make a request to Sony Corporation that such other shareholder be included as a seller in the proposed purchase, provided that no such right will be available if the purchase price or any other consideration to be received by the relevant specific shareholder will not exceed the last trading price of the shares on the relevant stock exchange on the day immediately preceding the date on which the resolution mentioned in (i) above was adopted (or, if there is no trading in the shares on the stock exchange or if the stock exchange is not open on such day, the price at which the shares are first traded on such stock exchange thereafter).
The total amount of the purchase price of shares of Common Stock may not exceed the Distributable Amount, as described in “(
Distribution of Surplus
) — Distributions of Surplus — Restriction on distribution of Surplus.”
Shares acquired by Sony Corporation may be held for any period or may be retired at the determination of the CEO. Sony Corporation may also transfer (by public or private sale or otherwise) to any person the treasury stock held by it, subject to a determination by the CEO, and subject also to other requirements similar to those applicable to the issuance of new shares, as described in “
(Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights)
” above. Sony Corporation may also utilize its treasury stock for the purpose of transfer to any person upon exercise of stock acquisition rights or for the purpose of acquiring another company by way of merger, share exchange or corporate split through exchange of treasury stock for shares or assets of the acquired company. 
(Unit share system)
The Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that 100 shares constitute one “unit” of shares of stock. The Board of Directors or the Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such a determination has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors is permitted to amend the Articles of Incorporation to reduce the number of shares that constitute a unit or to abolish the unit share system entirely. Under the Companies Act, the number of shares constituting one unit cannot exceed 1,000 shares nor 0.5% of the total number of issued shares.
Under the unit share system, shareholders have one voting right for each unit of stock that they hold. Any number of shares less than one full unit have neither voting rights nor rights related to voting rights. Holders of shares constituting less than one unit will have no other shareholder rights if Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation so provide, except that such holders may not be deprived of certain rights specified in the Companies Act or an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, including the right to receive distribution of Surplus.
A holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may require Sony Corporation to purchase such shares at their market value in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of Sony Corporation. In addition, the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that a holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may request Sony Corporation to sell to such holder such amount of shares which will, when added together with the shares constituting less than one full unit, constitute one full unit of stock. Such request by a holder and the sale by Sony Corporation must be made in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of Sony Corporation. As prescribed in the Share Handling Regulations, such requests shall be made through an account management institution and JASDEC pursuant to the rules set by JASDEC, without going through the notification procedure required for the exercise of the shareholders’ rights to which shareholders are entitled, regardless of whether such shareholder held shares on the requisite record date, as described in “
(General)
.” Shares constituting less than a full unit are transferable, under the central book-entry transfer system described in “
(General)
.” Under the rules of the Japanese stock exchanges, however, shares constituting less than a full unit do not comprise a trading unit, except in limited circumstances, and accordingly may not be sold on the Japanese stock exchanges.
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(Sale by Sony Corporation of shares held by shareholders whose location is unknown)
Sony Corporation is not required to send a notice to a shareholder if a notice to such shareholder fails to arrive at the registered address of the shareholder in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation continuously for five years or more.
In addition, Sony Corporation may sell or otherwise dispose of shares of capital stock for which the location of the shareholder is unknown. Generally, if (i) notices to a shareholder fail to arrive continuously for five years or more at the shareholder’s registered address in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation, and (ii) the shareholder fails to receive distributions of Surplus on the shares continuously for five years or more at the address registered in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may sell or otherwise dispose of such shareholder’s shares at the then market price of the shares by a determination of a Corporate Executive Officer and after giving at least three months’ prior public and individual notice, and hold or deposit the proceeds of such sale or disposal of shares for such shareholder.
Reporting of substantial shareholdings
The Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan and its related regulations require any person, regardless of residence, who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than 5% of the total issued shares of capital stock of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange or whose shares are traded on the
over-the-counter
market in Japan to file with the Director General of the competent Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance within five business days a report concerning such shareholdings. A similar report must also be filed in respect of any subsequent change of 1% or more in any such holding, or any change in material matters set out in reports previously filed, with certain exceptions. For this purpose, shares issuable to such persons upon conversion of convertible securities or exercise of share subscription warrants or stock acquisition rights are taken into account in determining both the number of shares held by such holders and the issuer’s total issued share capital. Any such report shall be filed with the Director General of the relevant Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance through the Electronic Disclosure for Investors’ Network (EDINET) system.
Ownership restrictions
Except for the general limitation under Japanese anti-trust and anti-monopoly regulations against holding of shares of capital stock of a Japanese corporation which leads or may lead to a restraint of trade or monopoly, except for the limitations under the Foreign Exchange Regulations as described in “D. Exchange Controls” below, and except for general limitations under the Companies Act or Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation on the rights of shareholders applicable regardless of residence or nationality, there is no limitation under Japanese laws and regulations applicable to Sony Corporation or under its Articles of Incorporation on the rights of
non-residents
or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation.
There is no provision in Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation or internal regulations that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Sony Corporation and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Sony Corporation.
C.
Material Contracts
 
None
D.
Exchange Controls
 
Japanese Foreign Exchange Controls Regulations
The following is a general summary of major Japanese foreign exchange controls regulations applicable to holders of shares of capital stock or voting rights of Sony Corporation
or holders of ADSs
who are “exchange
non-residents”
or “foreign investors,” as described below. The statements regarding Japanese foreign exchange control regulations set forth below are based on the laws and regulations in force and as interpreted by the Japanese authorities as of the date of this annual report and are subject to subsequent changes in the applicable Japanese laws or interpretations thereof. This summary is not exhaustive of all possible foreign exchange controls considerations that may apply to a particular investor, and potential investors are advised to satisfy themselves as to the overall foreign exchange controls consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of shares of capital stock or voting rights of Sony Corporation
or ADSs
by consulting their own advisors.
The Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act of Japan (the “FEFTA”) and its related cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances (collectively, the “Foreign Exchange Regulations”) govern certain aspects relating to the
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acquisition and holding of shares of capital stock and voting rights of Sony Corporation by “exchange
non-residents”
and by “foreign investors” (as these terms are defined below). The Foreign Exchange Regulations also apply to the acquisition and holding of ADSs and the exercise of voting rights by holders of ADSs who are “foreign investors” that constitute an “inward direct investment” (as defined below).
Capital Transaction
Except as described below with respect to an “inward direct investment” by a “foreign investor”, the Foreign Exchange Regulations currently in effect do not affect transactions between exchange
non-residents
to purchase or sell shares of a Japanese listed corporation outside Japan using currencies other than Japanese yen.
In general, the acquisition of shares of a Japanese corporation (such as the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation) by an exchange
non-resident
from an exchange resident requires post facto reporting by the exchange resident to the Minister of Finance. No such reporting requirement is imposed, however, if:
  (i) the aggregate purchase price of the relevant shares is 100 million yen or less;
 
  (ii) the acquisition is effected through any bank, financial instruments business operator or other entity prescribed by the Foreign Exchange Regulations acting as an agent or intermediary; or
 
  (iii) the acquisition constitutes an “inward direct investment” described below (in which case a prior notification requirement may apply).
 
Exchange residents are defined in the Foreign Exchange Regulations as:
  (i) individuals who reside within Japan; or
 
  (ii) corporations whose principal offices are located within Japan.
 
Exchange
non-residents
are defined in the Foreign Exchange Regulations as:
  (i) individuals who do not reside in Japan; or
 
  (ii) corporations whose principal offices are located outside Japan.
 
Generally, branches and other offices of
non-resident
corporations that are located within Japan are regarded as exchange residents. Conversely, branches and other offices of Japanese corporations located outside Japan are regarded as exchange
non-residents.
Inward Direct Investment in Shares of Listed Corporations
On May 8, 2020, an amendment to the Foreign Exchange Regulations (the “Amendment”) came into effect. By the full implementation of the Amendment on June 7, 2020 (the “Implementation of the Amendment”), the requirements and procedures regarding the prior notifications of inward direct investment to the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers under the FEFTA were amended, as described below.
Definition of Foreign Investor
Foreign investors are defined in the Foreign Exchange Regulations as:
  (i) individuals who are exchange
non-residents;
 
  (ii) corporations or other entities that are organized under the laws of foreign countries or whose principal offices are located outside Japan;
 
  (iii) corporations of which 50% or more of the total voting rights are held, directly or indirectly, by individuals and/or corporations falling within (i) and/or (ii) above;
 
  (iv) partnerships under the Civil Code of Japan established to invest in corporations, limited partnerships for investment under the Limited Partnership Act for Investment of Japan or any other similar partnerships under foreign law of which (a) 50% or more of the total contributions are made by individuals and/or corporations falling within (i), (ii), (iii) above and/or (v) below or any other persons prescribed under the Foreign Exchange Regulations or (b) a majority of the general partners are individuals and/or corporations falling within (i), (ii), (iii) above and/or (v) below or any other persons prescribed under the Foreign Exchange Regulations; or
 
  (v) corporations or other entities, a majority of whose directors or other officers (or directors or other officers having the power of representation) are individuals who are exchange
non-residents.
 
 
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Definition of Inward Direct Investment
Prior to the Implementation of the Amendment, if a foreign investor acquired shares or voting rights of a Japanese corporation that is listed on a Japanese stock exchange (such as the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation) or that is traded on an
over-the-counter
market in Japan and, as a result of the acquisition, the foreign investor, in combination with any existing holdings, directly or indirectly held 10% or more of the total number of issued shares or the total number of voting rights of the relevant corporation, such acquisition constituted an “inward direct investment.” By the Implementation of the Amendment, the threshold for the acquisition of shares or voting rights that constitutes an “inward direct investment” was lowered from 10% to 1%. In addition, the acquisition of the authority to exercise, either directly or through instructions, voting rights held by other shareholders that results in the foreign investor, in combination with any existing shareholding, directly or indirectly holding 1% or more of the total number of voting rights of the relevant corporation constitutes an “inward direct investment.”
In addition to the acquisitions of shares or voting rights described above, prior to the Implementation of the Amendment, if a foreign investor (i) was granted the authority to exercise voting rights on behalf of other shareholders of the relevant corporation regarding certain matters controlling or having a material influence on the management of such corporation, such as the election or removal of directors, or (ii) obtained consent from another foreign investor holding the voting rights of the relevant corporation to exercise the voting rights of such corporation held by such other foreign investor jointly, and, in each case, as a result of these arrangements, the number of the voting rights directly or indirectly held by the foreign investor, including the total number of the voting rights subject to such proxy, or the sum of the number of the voting rights directly or indirectly held by the foreign investor and such other foreign investor subject to such joint voting agreement, as the case may be, was 10% or more of the total number of voting rights of the relevant corporation, each such arrangement regarding voting rights (hereinafter referred to as a “voting arrangement”) also constituted an “inward direct investment,” and still constitutes an “inward direct investment” after the Implementation of the Amendment.
Additionally, after the Implementation of the Amendment, if a foreign investor directly or indirectly holds 1% or more of the total voting rights of a Japanese listed corporation and, at a general meeting of shareholders, consents to certain proposals having a material influence on the management of such corporation such as the (i) election of such foreign investor or any of its related persons (as defined in the Foreign Exchange Regulations) as a director or corporate auditor of the relevant corporation or (ii) transfer or discontinuation of its business, such consent also constitutes an “inward direct investment.”
Prior Notification Requirements regarding Inward Direct Investment
Prior to the Implementation of the Amendment, if a foreign investor intended to consummate an acquisition of shares or voting rights of a Japanese listed corporation that constituted an “inward direct investment” as described above, unless certain exemptions applied (such as where the foreign investor is in a country that is listed on an exemption schedule in the Foreign Exchange Regulations and where that Japanese corporation is not engaged in certain businesses (the “Designated Businesses”) designated by the Foreign Exchange Regulations), a prior notification of the relevant inward direct investment was required to be filed with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers. After the Implementation of the Amendment, such prior notification is still required in such circumstances as described above but the definition of “inward direct investment” is expanded as described in “Definition of Inward Direct Investment.”
However, after the Implementation of the Amendment, if a foreign investor is seeking to acquire shares or voting rights of a Japanese listed corporation or the authority to exercise, either directly or through instructions, voting rights held by other shareholders and such acquisition would constitute an “inward direct investment”, such foreign investor may be eligible for the newly introduced exemptions if certain conditions are met. In the case of an acquisition of shares or voting rights or the authority to exercise, either directly or through instructions, voting rights of a Japanese listed corporation that is engaged in a Designated Business other than certain Designated Business designated by the Foreign Exchange Regulations as a core sector business (the “Core Sector Designated Businesses”), the foreign investor may be exempted from the prior notification requirement if such foreign investor complies with the following conditions (the “Exemption Conditions”):
  (i) the foreign investor or its related persons will not become directors or corporate auditors of the relevant corporation;
 
 
  (ii) the foreign investor will not make certain proposals (as prescribed in the Foreign Exchange Regulations) at the general meeting of shareholders, including transfer or discontinuation of the Designated Businesses of the relevant corporation; and
 
 
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  (iii) the foreign investor will not access
non-public
technical information in relation to the Designated Businesses of the relevant corporation, or take certain other actions that may lead to the leak of such
non-public
technical information (as prescribed in the Foreign Exchange Regulations).
 
 
In addition, in the case of an acquisition of shares or voting rights or the authority to exercise, directly or through instructions, voting rights of a Japanese listed corporation that is engaged in the Core Sector Designated Businesses, the foreign investor may be exempted from the prior notification requirement, if, as a result of such acquisition, the foreign investor, in combination with any existing holdings, directly or indirectly holds less than 10% of the total number of issued shares or voting rights of the relevant corporation and such foreign investor complies with the Exemption Conditions and the following additional conditions:
  (i) the foreign investor will not attend, or not cause any persons designated by it to attend, meetings of the relevant corporation’s board of directors, or meetings of committees having authority to make important decisions, in respect of the Core Sector Designated Businesses of the relevant corporation; and
 
 
  (ii) the foreign investor will not make, or not cause any persons designated by it to make, proposals to such board or committees or their members in writing or electronic form requesting any response or actions by certain deadlines in respect of the Core Sector Designated Businesses of the relevant corporation.
 
 
Notwithstanding the above, if a foreign investor falls under a category of disqualified investors designated by the Foreign Exchange Regulations (including (a) investors who have records of certain sanctions due to violations of the FEFTA and (b) certain investors that are state-owned enterprises or other related entities that are not otherwise accredited by the Minister of Finance), in no event may such foreign investor be eligible for the exemptions described above. On the other hand, if a foreign investor, excluding the disqualified investors described in the foregoing sentence, falls under a category of certain foreign financial institutions (as prescribed in the Foreign Exchange Regulations) and complies with the Exemption Conditions, such foreign investor may be eligible for the exemptions described above, even if the acquisition results in such foreign investor’s directly or indirectly holding 10% or more of the total number of issued shares or voting rights of the corporation engaged in the Core Sector Designated Businesses, which would have required prior notification before the Implementation of the Amendment.
For reference purposes only, the Minister of Finance publishes, and may update from time to time, a list that classifies Japanese listed corporations into the following categories: (i) corporations engaged only in businesses other than the Designated Businesses, (ii) corporations engaged in Designated Businesses other than Core Sector Designated Businesses and (iii) corporations engaged in the Core Sector Designated Businesses. According to the list published by the Minister of Finance as of May 8, 2020, Sony Corporation is classified as category (iii) above.
In addition, if a foreign investor intends to make a voting arrangement with respect to a Japanese listed corporation engaged in the Designated Businesses or, after the Implementation of the Amendment, consents to a proposal at the general meeting of shareholders of such corporation, in each case, that constitutes an “inward direct investment” as described in “Definition of Inward Direct Investment” above, in certain circumstances, prior notification of the relevant inward direct investment must be filed with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers. In such cases, the newly introduced exemptions from the prior notification requirements may not be available, except for cases where the relevant voting arrangement is a joint voting agreement with other foreign investors to exercise voting rights regarding matters other than certain matters with respect to controlling or having a material influence on the management of the relevant corporation, such as the election or removal of directors, which would have required prior notification before the Implementation of the Amendment.
Acquisitions of shares by foreign investors by way of stock split are not subject to the foregoing notification requirements.
Procedures for Prior Notification regarding Inward Direct Investment
If such prior notification is filed, the proposed inward direct investment may not be consummated until 30 days after the date of filing during which time the Ministers will review the proposed inward direct investment, although this screening period may be shortened to two weeks by such Ministers if they no longer deem it necessary to review the proposed inward direct investment. The Ministers may extend the screening period up to five months if they deem it necessary to continue to review the proposed inward direct investment, may
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recommend any modification or abandonment of the proposed inward direct investment and, if the foreign investor does not accept such recommendation, the Ministers may order the modification or abandonment of such inward direct investment. In addition, if the Ministers consider the proposed inward direct investment to be an inward direct investment that is likely to cause damage to the national security of Japan, to interfere with the maintenance of public order or to pose an obstacle to the preservation of public safety, and, if a foreign investor (i) consummates such inward direct investment without filing the prior notification described above; (ii) consummates such inward direct investment before the expiration of the screening period described above; (iii) in connection with such inward direct investment, makes false statements in the prior notification described above; or (iv) does not follow the recommendation or order issued by the Ministers to modify or abandon such inward direct investment, the Ministers may order such foreign investor to divest all or part of the shares acquired or take other measures.
Post Facto Reporting Requirements regarding Inward Direct Investment
After the Implementation of the Amendment, a foreign investor who consummates an inward direct investment as described above through an acquisition of shares or voting rights or the authority to exercise, directly or through instructions, voting rights of a Japanese listed corporation that is engaged in the Designated Businesses, but is not subject to the prior notification requirements described above due to the exemptions from such prior notification requirements, in general, must file a report of the relevant inward direct investment with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers having jurisdiction over such Japanese corporation within 45 days of the date when, as a result of such acquisition, the foreign investor, in combination with any existing holdings, directly or indirectly holds (i) 1% or more but less than 3% of the total number of issued shares or voting rights, for the first time, (ii) 3% or more but less than 10% of the total number of issued shares or voting rights, for the first time, or (iii) 10% or more of the total number of issued shares or voting rights (excluding, in the cases of (i) and (ii) above, a foreign investor who falls under a category of certain foreign financial institutions (as prescribed in the Foreign Exchange Regulations)). In addition, if a foreign investor consummates the inward direct investment described above through the acquisition of shares or voting rights or the authority to exercise, directly or through instructions, voting rights of a Japanese listed corporation that is not engaged in the Designated Businesses (which is not subject to the prior notification requirements described above) and, as a result of such inward direct investment, such foreign investor, in combination with any existing holdings, directly or indirectly holds 10% or more of shares or voting rights of the total number of issued shares or voting rights of the relevant corporation, such foreign investor must file a report of the relevant inward direct investment with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers having jurisdiction over such Japanese corporation within 45 days of such inward direct investment.
In addition, after the Implementation of the Amendment, if a foreign investor consummates the inward direct investment described above through a voting arrangement with respect to a Japanese listed corporation that is not engaged in the Designated Businesses (which is not subject to the prior notification requirements described above), such foreign investor must file a report of the relevant inward direct investment with the Minister of Finance and any other competent Ministers having jurisdiction over such Japanese corporation within 45 days of such inward direct investment.
Acquisitions of shares by foreign investors by way of stock split are not subject to the foregoing reporting requirements.
Dividends and Proceeds of Sale
Under the Foreign Exchange Regulations, dividends paid on and the proceeds from sales in Japan of shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation held by exchange
non-residents
may generally be converted into any foreign currency and repatriated abroad.
E.
Taxation
 
The following is a summary of the major Japanese national tax and U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership, acquisition and disposition of shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation and of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation by a
non-resident
of Japan or a
non-Japanese
corporation without a permanent establishment in Japan. The summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all of the tax considerations that may be relevant to any particular investor, and does not take into account any specific individual circumstances of any particular investor. Accordingly, holders of shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the considerations discussed below to their particular circumstances.
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This summary is based upon the representations of the depositary and the assumption that each obligation in the deposit agreement in relation to the ADSs dated as of October 15, 2014, and in any related agreement, will be performed in accordance with its terms.
For purposes of the income tax convention between Japan and the United States (the “Treaty”) and the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), U.S. holders of ADSs generally will be treated as owning shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation underlying the ADSs evidenced by the ADRs. For the purposes of the following discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a holder that:
  (i) is a resident of the U.S. for purposes of the Treaty;
 
  (ii) does not maintain a permanent establishment in Japan (a) with which shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation are effectively connected and through which the U.S. holder carries on or has carried on business or (b) of which shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation form part of the business property; and
 
  (iii) is eligible for benefits under the Treaty with respect to income and gain derived in connection with shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation.
 
The following is a summary of the principal Japanese tax consequences (limited to national taxes) to
non-residents
of Japan or
non-Japanese
corporations without a permanent establishment in Japan
(“non-resident
Holders”) who are holders of shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation or of ADRs evidencing ADSs representing shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation. The information given below regarding Japanese taxation is based on the tax laws and tax treaties in force and their interpretations by the Japanese tax authorities as of June 26, 2020. Tax laws and tax treaties as well as their interpretations may change at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. Sony Corporation will not update this summary for any changes in the tax laws or tax treaties or their interpretation that occurs after such date.
Generally,
non-resident
Holders are subject to Japanese withholding tax on dividends paid by Japanese corporations. Such taxes are withheld prior to payment of dividends as required by Japanese law. Stock splits are, in general, not a taxable event.
In the absence of an applicable tax treaty, convention or agreement reducing the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax or allowing exemption from Japanese withholding tax, the rate of Japanese withholding tax applicable to dividends paid by Japanese corporations to
non-resident
Holders is generally 20.42%, provided, with respect to dividends paid on listed shares issued by a Japanese corporation (such as the shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation) to
non-resident
Holders other than any individual shareholder who holds 3% or more of the total shares issued by the relevant Japanese corporation, the aforementioned 20.42% withholding tax rate is reduced to 15.315% for dividends due and payable on or before December 31, 2037. Due to the imposition of a special additional withholding tax (2.1 % of the original withholding tax amount) to secure funds for reconstruction from the Great East Japan Earthquake, the original withholding tax rates of 15% and 20% as applicable, have been effectively increased to 15.315% and 20.42%, respectively, until December 31, 2037. 
As of the date of this document, Japan has income tax treaties, conventions or agreements in force, whereby the above-mentioned withholding tax rate is reduced, in most cases to 15% or 10% for portfolio investors (15% under the income tax treaties with, among other countries, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore and Spain, and 10% under the income tax treaties with, among other countries, Australia, Austria, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, the U.K. and the United States). Under the Treaty, the maximum rate of Japanese withholding tax that may be imposed on dividends paid by a Japanese corporation to a U.S. holder that does not own directly or indirectly at least 10% of the voting stock of the Japanese corporation is generally reduced to 10% of the gross amount actually distributed, and dividends paid by a Japanese corporation to a U.S. holder that is a pension fund are exempt from Japanese income taxation by way of withholding or otherwise unless such dividends are derived from the carrying on of a business, directly or indirectly, by such pension fund.
If the maximum tax rate provided for in the income tax treaty applicable to dividends paid by Sony Corporation to any particular
non-resident
Holder is lower than the withholding tax rate otherwise applicable under Japanese tax law, or if any particular
non-resident
Holder is exempt from Japanese income tax with respect to such dividends under the income tax treaty applicable to such particular
non-resident
Holder, such
non-resident
Holder who is entitled to a reduced rate of or exemption from Japanese withholding tax on payment of dividends on shares of Common Stock by Sony Corporation is, in principle, required to submit an Application Form for Income Tax Convention Regarding Relief from Japanese Income Tax and Special Income Tax for Reconstruction on Dividends (together with any other required forms and documents) in advance through the
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withholding agent to the relevant tax authority before the payment of dividends. A standing proxy for
non-resident
Holders of a Japanese corporation may provide this application service. In this regard, a certain simplified special filing procedure is available for
non-resident
Holders to claim treaty benefits of exemption from or reduction of Japanese withholding tax, by submitting a Special Application Form for Income Tax Convention Regarding Relief from Japanese Tax and Special Income Tax for Reconstruction on Dividends of Listed Stock (together with any other required forms and documents). With respect to ADSs, this reduced rate or exemption is applicable if the depositary or its agent submits two Application Forms (one before payment of dividends and the other within eight months after the record date concerning such payment of dividends). To claim this reduced rate or exemption, a
non-resident
Holder of ADSs will be required to file a proof of taxpayer status, residence and beneficial ownership (as applicable) and to provide other information or documents as may be required by the depositary. A
non-resident
Holder who is entitled, under an applicable income tax treaty, to a reduced rate which is lower than the withholding tax rate otherwise applicable under Japanese tax law or an exemption from the withholding tax, but failed to submit the required application in advance will be entitled to claim the refund of taxes withheld in excess of the rate under an applicable tax treaty (if such
non-resident
Holder is entitled to a reduced treaty rate under the applicable income tax treaty) or the full amount of tax withheld (if such
non-resident
Holder is entitled to an exemption under the applicable income tax treaty) from the relevant Japanese tax authority, by complying with a certain subsequent filing procedure. Sony Corporation does not assume any responsibility to ensure withholding at the reduced treaty rate or to ensure the absence of withholding for shareholders who would be so eligible under any applicable income tax treaty but where the required procedures as stated above are not followed.
Gains derived from the sale of shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation outside Japan by a
non-resident
Holder holding such shares or ADSs as portfolio investors are, in general, not subject to Japanese income tax or corporation tax under Japanese tax law. U.S. holders are not subject to Japanese income or corporation tax with respect to such gains under the Treaty.
Japanese inheritance tax and gift tax at progressive rates may be payable by an individual who has acquired from another individual shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation as a legatee, heir or donee even though neither the acquiring individual nor the deceased nor donor is a Japanese resident.
Holders of shares of Common Stock or ADSs of Sony Corporation should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of these taxes and, in the case of U.S. holders, the possible application of the Estate and Gift Tax Treaty between the U.S. and Japan.
United States Taxation with respect to shares of Common Stock and ADSs
The U.S. dollar amount of dividends received (prior to deduction of Japanese taxes) by a U.S. holder of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation will be included in income as ordinary income for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits of Sony Corporation as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Subject to certain exceptions for short-term and hedged positions, the U.S. dollar amount of dividends received by a
non-corporate
U.S. holder with respect to the ADSs or Common Stock will be subject to taxation at a reduced rate if the dividends are “qualified dividends.” Dividends paid on the ADSs or Common Stock will be treated as qualified dividends if Sony Corporation was not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was paid, and is not, in the year in which the dividend is paid a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”). Based on Sony Corporation’s audited financial statements and relevant market and shareholder data, Sony Corporation believes that it was not treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to its taxable year ended March 31, 2020. In addition, based on Sony Corporation’s audited financial statements and Sony Corporation’s current expectations regarding the value and nature of its assets, the sources and nature of its income, and relevant market and shareholder data, Sony Corporation does not anticipate becoming a PFIC for the taxable year ending March 31, 2021. Holders of ADSs and Common Stock of Sony Corporation should consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of the reduced dividend tax rate in light of the considerations discussed above and their own particular circumstances.
Subject to applicable limitations and special considerations discussed below, a U.S. holder of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation will be entitled to a credit for Japanese tax withheld in accordance with the Treaty from dividends paid by Sony Corporation. For purposes of the foreign tax credit limitation, dividends will be foreign source income, and will generally constitute “passive” income. Foreign tax credits will not be allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain short-term or hedged positions and may not be allowed in respect of arrangements in which economic profit, after
non-U.S.
 taxes, is insubstantial. Holders of ADSs and Common Stock of Sony Corporation should consult their own tax advisors regarding the implications of these rules in light of their particular circumstances.
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Dividends paid by Sony Corporation to U.S. corporate holders of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
In general, a U.S. holder will recognize capital gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation equal to the difference between the amount realized on the sale or disposition and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the ADSs or Common Stock. Such capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the ADSs or Common Stock have been held for more than one year on the date of the sale or disposition. The net amount of long-term capital gain recognized by an individual holder is subject to lower rates of federal income taxation than ordinary income or short-term capital gain rates.
Under the Code, a U.S. holder of ADSs or Common Stock of Sony Corporation may be subject, under certain circumstances, to information reporting and possibly backup withholding with respect to dividends and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Common Stock, unless the U.S. holder provides proof of an applicable exemption or correct taxpayer identification number and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. Any amount withheld under the backup withholding rules is not an additional tax and may be refunded or credited against the U.S. holder’s federal income tax liability, so long as the required information is furnished to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.
F.
Dividends and Paying Agent
 
Not Applicable
G.
Statement by Experts
 
Not Applicable
H.
Documents on Display
 
It is possible to read and copy documents referred to in this annual report on Form
 20-F
that have been filed with the SEC at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at
1-800-SEC-0330
for further information on the public reference rooms and their copy charges. You can also access the documents at the SEC’s home page (http://www.sec.gov/index.html).
I.
Subsidiary Information
 
Not Applicable
Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
Sony’s business is continuously exposed to market fluctuation, such as fluctuations in currency exchange rates, interest rates or stock prices. Sony utilizes several derivative instruments, such as foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, interest rate swap agreements and currency swap agreements in order to hedge the potential downside risk on the cash flow from the normal course of business caused by market fluctuation. Sony uses foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts primarily to reduce the foreign exchange volatility risk that transactions and accounts receivable or accounts payable denominated in yen, U.S. dollars, euros or other currencies have through the normal course of Sony’s worldwide business. Interest rate swap agreements and currency swap agreements are utilized to diversify funding conditions or to reduce funding costs, and in the Financial Services segment, these transactions are used for asset liability management. Sony uses these derivative financial instruments mainly for risk-hedging purposes as described above, and some derivative transactions, such as bond futures and bond options, are held or utilized for trading purposes in the Financial Services segment. If hedge accounting cannot be applied because the accounts receivable or accounts payable to be hedged are not yet booked, or because cash flows from derivative transactions do not coincide with the underlying exposures recorded on Sony’s balance sheet, such derivatives agreements are subject to a
mark-to-market
evaluation and their unrealized gains or losses are recognized in earnings. In addition, Sony holds marketable securities, such as straight bonds and stocks in yen or other currencies, in the Financial Services segment to obtain interest income or capital gain on the financial assets under management. These securities include a concentration of investments in long-term Japanese national government bonds, for which Sony monitors the related credit ratings and other market information on an ongoing basis. Investments in marketable securities are also subject to market fluctuation.
Sony measures the economic impact of market fluctuations on the value of derivatives agreements and marketable securities by using
Value-at-Risk
(“VaR”) analysis in order to comply with Item 11 disclosure
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requirements. VaR in this context indicates the potential maximum amount of loss in fair value resulting from adverse market fluctuations for a selected period of time and at a selected level of confidence.
The following table shows the results of VaR. These analyses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 indicate the potential maximum loss in fair value as predicted by the VaR analysis resulting from market fluctuations in one day at a 95% confidence level. The VaR of currency exchange rate risk principally consists of risks arising from the volatility of the exchange rates between the yen and the U.S. dollar and between the yen and the euro, the currencies in which a significant amount of financial assets and liabilities and derivative transactions are maintained on a consolidated basis. The VaR of interest rate risk and stock price risk consists of risks arising from the volatility of the interest rates and stock prices against invested securities and derivatives transactions in the Financial Services segment.
The net VaR for Sony’s entire portfolio is smaller than the simple aggregate of VaR for each component of market risk. This is due to the fact that market risk factors such as currency exchange rates, interest rates and stock prices are not completely independent and potential profits and losses arising from each market risk may be mutually offsetting to some degree.
The disclosed VaR amounts simply represent the calculated maximum potential loss on the specified date and do not necessarily indicate an estimate of actual or future loss.
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Consolidated
                                 
 
June 30,
2019
   
September 30,
2019
   
December 31,
2019
   
March 31,
2020
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
Net VaR
   
1.2
     
1.2
     
0.9
   
 
1.3
 
VaR of currency exchange rate risk
   
1.2
     
1.1
     
0.9
   
 
1.3
 
VaR of interest rate risk
   
0.1
     
0.1
     
0.1
   
 
0.1
 
VaR of stock price risk
   
0.0
     
0.0
     
0.0
   
 
0.0
 
 
 
Financial Services
                                 
 
June 30,
2019
   
September 30,
2019
   
December 31,
2019
   
March 31,
2020
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
Net VaR
   
1.3
     
0.9
     
0.8
   
 
1.1
 
VaR of currency exchange rate risk
   
1.2
     
0.9
     
0.7
   
 
1.0
 
VaR of interest rate risk
   
0.1
     
0.1
     
0.1
   
 
0.1
 
VaR of stock price risk
   
0.0
     
0.0
     
0.0
   
 
0.0
 
 
 
Sony without the Financial Services segment
                                 
 
June 30,
2019
   
September 30,
2019
   
December 31,
2019
   
March 31,
2020
 
 
(Yen in billions)
 
Net VaR
   
0.8
     
0.6
     
0.5
   
 
0.8
 
VaR of currency exchange rate risk
   
0.8
     
0.6
     
0.5
   
 
0.8
 
VaR of interest rate risk
   
0.0
     
0.0
     
0.0
   
 
0.0
 
VaR of stock price risk
   
0.0
     
0.0
     
0.0
   
 
0.0
 
 
 
Item 12.
Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
 
 
A.
Debt Securities
 
 
Not Applicable
B.
Warrants and Rights
 
 
Not Applicable
C.
Other Securities
 
 
Not Applicable
D.
American Depositary Shares
 
 
Citibank N.A. (the “Depositary”) serves as the depositary for Sony Corporation’s American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) pursuant to a deposit agreement between Sony Corporation, the Depositary, and the holders and beneficial owners of ADSs issued thereunder from time to time (the “Deposit Agreement”) (attached as Exhibit 2.1 to this report). ADS holders (“Holders”) may be required to pay various fees to the Depositary and the Depositary may refuse to provide any service for which a fee is assessed until the applicable fee has been paid. The following fees may at any time and from time to time be changed by agreement between Sony Corporation and the Depositary.
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Under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, Holders may have to pay the following service fees to the Depositary.
         
Service
 
Rate
 
By Whom Paid
 
Issuance of ADSs upon deposit of Sony Corporation’s Common Stock
 
 
Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) issued
 
 
Person depositing Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or person receiving ADSs
         
Delivery of deposited securities against surrender of ADSs
 
Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) surrendered
 
Person surrendering ADSs for the purpose of withdrawal of deposited securities or person to whom deposited securities are delivered
         
Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions (i.e., sale of rights and other entitlements)
 
Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held
 
Person to whom distribution is made
         
Distribution of ADSs pursuant to (i) stock dividends or other free stock distributions, (ii) exercise of rights to purchase additional ADSs
 
Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held
 
Person to whom distribution is made
         
Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights purchase Additional ADSs (i.e.,
spin-off
shares)
 
Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held
 
Person to whom distribution is made
         
ADS Services
 
Up to 5.00 U.S. dollar per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held on the applicable record date(s) established by the Depositary
 
Person holding ADSs on the applicable record date(s) established by the Depositary
 
 
Holders will also be responsible for paying certain charges such as: (i) taxes (including applicable interest and penalties) and other governmental charges; (ii) such registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or other deposited securities on the share register and applicable to transfer of Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or other deposited securities to or from the name of the custodian, the Depositary or any nominees upon the making of deposits and withdrawals, respectively; (iii) such cable, telex and facsimile transmission and delivery expenses as are expressly provided in the Deposit Agreement to be at the expense of the person depositing Sony Corporation’s Common Stock or withdrawing deposited securities or of the Holders and beneficial owners of ADSs; (iv) the expenses and charges incurred by the Depositary in the conversion of foreign currency; (v) such fees and expenses as are incurred by the Depositary in connection with compliance with exchange control regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to Sony Corporation’s Common Stock, deposited securities, ADSs and ADRs; and (vi) the fees and expenses incurred by the Depositary, the custodian, or any nominee in connection with the servicing or delivery of deposited property.
ADS fees and charges payable upon (i) deposit of shares against issuance of ADSs and (ii) surrender of ADSs for cancellation and withdrawal of deposited securities will be payable by the person to whom the ADSs so issued are delivered by the Depositary (in the case of ADS issuances) or by the person who delivers the ADSs for cancellation to the Depositary (in the case of ADS cancellations). In the case of ADSs issued by the Depositary into the Depository Trust Company (DTC) or presented to the Depositary via DTC, the ADS issuance and cancellation fees and charges will be payable by the DTC participant(s) receiving the ADSs from the Depositary or the DTC participant(s) surrendering the ADSs to the Depositary for cancellation, as the case may be, on behalf of the beneficial owner(s) and will be charged by the DTC participant(s) to the account(s) of the applicable beneficial owner(s) in accordance with the procedures and practices of the DTC participant(s) as in effect at the time. ADS fees and charges in respect of distributions and the ADS service fee are payable by Holders as of the applicable ADS record date established by the Depositary. In the case of distributions of cash, the amount of the applicable ADS fees and charges is deducted from the funds being distributed. In the case of (i) distributions other than cash and (ii) the ADS service fee, the applicable Holders as of the ADS record date established by the Depositary will be invoiced for the amount of the ADS fees and charges. For ADSs held through DTC, the ADS fees and charges for distributions other than cash and the ADS service fee are charged to the DTC participants in accordance with the procedures and practices prescribed by DTC from time to time and the DTC participants in turn charge the amount of such ADS fees and charges to the beneficial owners for whom they hold ADSs.
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In the event of refusal by a Holder to pay the Depositary fees, the Depositary may, under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, refuse the requested service until payment is received or may set off the amount of the Depositary fees from any distribution to be made to the Holder. Note that the fees and charges Holders may be required to pay may vary over time and may be changed by Sony Corporation and by the Depositary. Holders will receive prior notice of such changes. The Depositary may reimburse Sony Corporation for certain expenses incurred by Sony Corporation in respect of the ADR program, by making available a portion of the ADS fees charged in respect of the ADR program or otherwise, upon such terms and conditions as Sony Corporation and the Depositary agree from time to time.
Direct and Indirect Payments by the Depositary to Sony
The Depositary reimburses Sony for certain expenses Sony incurs in connection with its ADR program, subject to certain ceilings. These reimbursable expenses currently include, but are not limited to, legal and accounting fees, investor relations expenses and fees payable to service providers for the distribution of material to ADR holders. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, such reimbursements totaled approximately 4,319,163.74 U.S. dollars.
In addition, as part of its service to Sony, the Depositary waives fees in connection with its ADR program, subject to a ceiling. These waived expenses currently include, but are not limited to, standard costs associated with the administration of the ADR program, associated operating expenses, investor relations advice and access to an internet-based tool used in Sony’s investor relations activities. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, the amount of such indirect payments was estimated to total 5,000 U.S. dollars. 
Item 13.
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
 
None
Item 14.
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
 
None
Item 15.
Controls and Procedures
 
Item 15(a). Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Sony has carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of Sony’s management, including the CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Sony’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules
13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e)
 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of March 31, 2020. Disclosure controls and procedures require that information to be disclosed in the reports Sony Corporation files or submits under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Sony’s management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon Sony’s evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of March 31, 2020, the disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Item 15(b). Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Sony’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules
 13a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Sony’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Sony’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
  (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Sony;
 
  (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and
 
 
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    expenditures of Sony are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors; and
 
 
  (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Sony’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Sony’s management excluded AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (subsequently renamed Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd. as of April 1, 2020) and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “Companies”), which became wholly-owned subsidiaries of Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and consolidated subsidiaries of Sony on January 29, 2020, from its assessment of the effectiveness of Sony’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020, except for the recognition and measurement of the goodwill. The Companies represented approximately 3% of Sony’s total assets as of March 31, 2020 (after excluding the goodwill) and less than 1% of Sony’s total sales and operating revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. This acquisition is discussed in Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements.
Sony’s management evaluated the effectiveness of Sony’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on the evaluation, management has concluded that Sony maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020.
Sony’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of Sony’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020, presented on page
(F-2).
Item 15(c). Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
Refer to the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on page
(F-2).
Item 15(d). Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in Sony’s internal control over financial reporting during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Sony’s internal control over financial reporting.
Item 16.
[Reserved]
 
 
Item 16A.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
 
 
Sony Corporation’s Board of Directors has determined that Toshiko Oka and Keiko Kishigami each qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 16A of Form
 20-F
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In addition, both are determined to be independent as defined under the New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Standards.
Item 16B.
Code of Ethics
 
 
Sony has adopted a code of ethics, as defined in Item 16B of Form
 20-F
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The code of ethics applies to Sony’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, chief accounting officer and persons performing similar functions, as well as to directors and all other officers and employees of Sony, as defined in the code of ethics. The code of ethics is available at:
https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/compliance/code.html
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Item 16C.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
 
 
 
Audit and
Non-Audit
Fees
The following table presents fees for audit and other services rendered by PricewaterhouseCoopers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
                 
 
Fiscal year ended
March 31
 
 
2019
   
2020
 
 
Yen in millions
 
Audit Fees (1)
   
3,716
   
 
4,011
 
Audit-Related Fees (2)
   
480
   
 
400
 
Tax Fees (3)
   
0
   
 
0
 
All Other Fees (4)
   
197
   
 
118
 
                 
   
4,393
   
 
4,529
 
                 
 
 
 
(1) Audit Fees consist of fees for the annual audit services engagement and other audit services, which are those services that only the external auditor can provide.
 
 
 
(2) Audit-Related Fees consist of fees billed for assurance and related services, and audit services relating to benefit plans, business acquisitions and dispositions.
 
 
 
(3) Tax Fees primarily consist of fees for tax advice.
 
 
 
(4) All Other Fees consist of fees primarily for services rendered with respect to advisory services.
 
 
 
Audit Committee’s
Pre-Approval
Policies and Procedures
Consistent with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission rules regarding auditor independence, Sony Corporation’s Audit Committee is responsible for appointing, reviewing and setting compensation, retaining, and overseeing the work of Sony’s independent auditor, so that the auditor’s independence will not be impaired. The Audit Committee established a formal policy requiring
pre-approval
of all audit and permissible
non-audit
services provided by the independent auditor to Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries. The Audit Committee periodically reviews this policy with due regard for compliance with laws and regulations of host countries where Sony Corporation is listed.
Prior to the engagement of the independent auditor for the following fiscal year’s audit, management in charge of accounting or other relevant areas (“Accounting Management”) submits an application form to the Audit Committee for comprehensive
pre-approval
of all recurring services expected to be rendered during that year, other than services that are classified as “Tax” related services (“Tax Services”). In order to obtain comprehensive
pre-approval,
Accounting Management must designate in which of two categories (Audit and
Non-Audit)
the services will be classified as well as fees expected, both for each category in the aggregate and for each individual service, and detailed
back-up
information regarding each service to the extent possible to ensure that the Audit Committee knows precisely what particular service and the expected fees it is being asked to
pre-approve
and that the scope of any service or the expected fees approved is unambiguous. Any additional services not within the scope of comprehensive
pre-approval
and Tax Services require the Audit Committee’s separate
pre-approval
on an individual basis. The Audit Committee approves, if necessary, any changes in terms, conditions and fees resulting from changes in the scope of services to be provided or from other circumstances, with respect to both services that are subject to comprehensive and individual
pre-approval.
The Audit Committee or its designee establishes procedures to assure that the independent auditor is aware in a timely manner of the services that have been
pre-approved.
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Item 16D.
Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
 
Not Applicable
Item 16E.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
 
The following table sets out information concerning purchases made by Sony Corporation during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
                                 
Period
 
(a) Total
number of
shares
purchased
 
 
(b) Average
price paid per
share (yen)
 
 
(c) Total number of
shares purchased as
part of publicly
announced plans or
programs
*1,2
 
 
(d) Maximum
number of shares that
may yet be purchased
under the plans or
programs
*1,2
 
April 1 — 30, 2019
   
1,489
     
5,037.13
     
N/A
     
N/A
 
May 1 — 31, 2019
   
480,832
     
5,429.21
     
     479,200
     
59,520,800
 
June 1 — 30, 2019
   
4,269,608
     
5,325.07
     
  4,266,900
     
55,253,900
 
July 1 — 31, 2019
   
577,002
     
5,872.74
     
     573,700
     
54,680,200
 
August 1 — 31, 2019
   
11,469,846
*3
 
   
5,852.46
     
11,467,300
     
43,212,900
 
September 1 — 30, 2019
   
4,624,744
     
6,315.99
     
  4,622,500
     
38,590,400
 
October 1 — 31, 2019
   
2,018,014
     
6,309.94
     
  2,016,500
     
36,573,900
 
November 1 — 30, 2019
   
1,422,829
     
6,777.15
     
  1,419,800
     
35,154,100
 
December 1 — 31, 2019
   
1,218,592
     
7,164.95
     
  1,212,200
     
33,941,900
 
January 1 — 31, 2020
   
572,214
     
7,804.01
     
     567,800
     
33,374,100
 
February 1 — 29, 2020
   
340,430
     
7,381.84
     
     338,500
     
33,035,600
 
March 1 — 31, 2020
   
6,095,878
*4
 
   
6,077.24
     
  6,094,800
     
N/A
 
                                 
Total
   
33,091,478
     
6,050.24
     
33,059,200
     
N/A
 
 
Column (a) represents the combined total number of shares purchased during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, including both fractional shares purchased from fractional shareholders in accordance with the Companies Act, and shares purchased in accordance with publicly announced plans, as shown in column (c).
Under the Companies Act, a holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may require Sony Corporation to purchase such shares at their market value (Refer to “B. Memorandum and Articles of Association —
Capital stock
 (Unit share system)
” in “Item 10.
Additional Information
”). During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony Corporation purchased 32,278 shares of common stock for a total purchase price of 212,075,397 yen upon such requests from holders of shares constituting less than one full unit.
*1 Sony approved the repurchase of shares of its own common stock as follows at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on May 16, 2019.
  Total number of shares for repurchase: 60 million shares (maximum) (4.80% of total number of shares issued and outstanding (excluding treasury stock))
 
  Total purchase price for repurchase of shares: 200 billion yen (maximum)
 
  Period of repurchase: From May 17, 2019 to March 31, 2020
 
*2 The repurchase of shares of common stock based on the above approval at the Board of Directors was completed. The details are as follows.
  Total number of shares repurchased: 33,059,200 shares
 
  Total purchase price for repurchased shares: 199,999,200,300 yen
 
  Period of repurchase: May 17, 2019 to March 17, 2020
 
*3 This figure does not include shares of restricted stock that were acquired without cash consideration (16,600 shares).
*4 This figure does not include shares of restricted stock that were acquired without cash consideration (45,000 shares).
Note: Sony cancelled treasury stock as follows in accordance with a decision by Sony’s Representative Corporate Executive Officer as delegated by the Board of Directors.
  Class of shares cancelled: Common stock
 
  Total number of shares cancelled: 12,737,400 shares
 
  Date of cancellation: March 26, 2020
 
 
 
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Item 16F.
Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
 
 
 
Not Applicable
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Item 16G.
Disclosure About Differences in Corporate Governance
The table below discloses the significant ways in which Sony’s corporate governance practices differ from those required for U.S. companies under the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”). As a foreign private issuer listed on the NYSE, Sony Corporation is exempt from most of the exchange’s corporate governance standards requirements. For further information on Sony’s corporate governance practices and history, please refer to “Board Practices” in “Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees
.”
     
NYSE Standards
 
 
Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
 
Board Independence.
 A majority of board directors must be independent.
 
Sony Corporation has adopted the “Company with Three Committees” corporate governance system under the Companies Act. Sony Corporation’s Board Charter requires its board to consist of between 10 to 20 directors.
 
The Companies Act does not require Sony Corporation to have a majority of “independent” (in the meaning given by the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards) directors on its board; rather, it requires Sony Corporation to have a majority of “outside” directors (the definition of the term “outside” director is summarized below) on each of three statutory committees (the Nominating Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee).
 
Director Independence.
 A director is not independent if such director is
 
(i) a person who the board determines has a material direct or indirect relationship with the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary;
 
(ii) a person who, within the last three years, has been an employee of the company or has an immediate family member of an executive officer of the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary;
 
(iii) a person who had received, or whose immediate family member had received, during any
12-month
period within the last three years, more than 120,000 U.S. dollars per year in direct compensation from the company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary, other than director and committee fees or deferred compensation for prior services (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service);
 
(iv) (A) a person who is, or whose immediate family member is, a current partner or employee of a firm that is the company’s internal or external auditor; (B) a person whose immediate family member is a partner of such a firm; (C) a person who has an immediate family member who is a current employee of such a firm and who personally participates in the firm’s audit, assurance or tax compliance (but not tax planning) practice; or (D) a person who was, or has an immediate family member who was, within the last three years, a partner or employee of such a firm and personally worked on the listed company’s audit within that time;
 
(v) a person who is, or whose immediate family member is, or has been within the last three years, employed as an executive officer of another company where any of
 
“Outside” director is defined in the Companies Act as a person who satisfies all of the requirements (i) through (v) below:
 
(i) a person who is not a Director of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries engaged in the business operations of Sony Corporation or such subsidiaries, as the case may be, or a Corporate Executive Officer or general manager or other employee (“Group Executive Director, etc.”) of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries and who has not been a Group Executive Director, etc. of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries for ten years prior to assuming his/her office; (ii) if a person who has been a director, accounting counselor (if the accounting counselor is a juridical person, a member who is in charge of the affairs), or corporate auditor of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries (excluding a person who has been a Group Executive Director, etc.) at the time within ten years prior to assuming his/her office, a person who has not been a Group Executive Director, etc. of Sony Corporation or any of its subsidiaries for ten years prior to assuming his/her office as a director, an accounting counselor, or a corporate auditor; (iii) a person who is not a director or a Corporate Executive Officer or general manager or other employee of a parent company or any entity which controls the management of Sony Corporation; (iv) a person who is not a Group Executive Director, etc. of a direct/indirect subsidiary of Sony Corporation or any entity the management of which is directly or indirectly controlled by Sony Corporation; and (v) a person who is not a spouse or relative within the second degree of kinship of a Director or a Corporate Executive Officer or general manager or other employee of Sony Corporation.
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Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
 
     
the listed company’s present executive officers at the same time serves or served on that company’s compensation committee; or
 
(vi) an executive officer or employee of a company, or has an immediate family member of an executive officer of a company, that makes payments to, or receives payments from, the listed company, its parent or a consolidated subsidiary for property or services in an amount which, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of 1 million U.S. dollars or 2% of such other company’s consolidated gross revenues
 
Under the Companies Act, a director’s status as an “outside” director is unaffected by the director’s compensation, his or her affiliation with business partners, or the board’s affirmative determination of independence. On the other hand, under the Companies Act, a director who has had a career as a management director, corporate executive officer, or other employee of the company, its subsidiaries or other group companies is by definition not an “outside” director.
     
 
Sony Corporation’s Board Charter includes a provision requiring that each “outside” director:
 
(i) Shall not have received directly from Sony Group, during any consecutive
12-month
period within the last three years, more than an amount equivalent to 120,000 U.S. dollars, other than Director and committee fees and pension or other forms of deferred compensation for prior service (provided such compensation is not contingent in any way on continued service); and
 
(ii) Shall not be an executive director, a corporate executive officer, a general manager or other employee of any company whose aggregate amount of transactions with Sony Group, in any of the last three fiscal years, exceeds the greater of an amount equivalent to 1,000,000 U.S. dollars, or 2% of the annual consolidated sales of such company;
     
 
In addition, the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange require Sony Corporation to make efforts to have at least one “Independent Director” on the Board of Directors. “Independent Director” is defined in the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange as an “outside” director who is unlikely to have conflicts of interest with shareholders. According to the guidelines of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, if a person falls in any of the categories listed below, such person, in principle, will be considered to have a conflict of interest with shareholders of the listed company.
 
(1)
A person for which the listed company is a major client or a person who executes business of a person for which the listed company is a major client;
 
(2)
A major client of the listed company or a person who executes business of a major client of the listed company;
 
(3)
A consultant, accounting professional, or legal professional (or, if such consultant, accounting professional, or legal professional is a juridical person, a member of such juridical person) of
     
 
the listed company who receives a large amount of money or other consideration other than remuneration for directorship/auditorship from such listed company;
 
 
 
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(4)
A person who has fallen in any of categories (1) through (3) listed above until recently;
 
(5)
A person who has fallen in any of categories (a) or (b) listed below for ten years prior to assuming his/her office:
 
 
       (a) A person who executes business of a parent company of the listed company or a director who does not execute business of a parent company of the listed company; or
 
 
       (b) A person who executes business of a fellow subsidiary of the listed company.
     
 
(6)
A close relative of a person who falls in any of categories (a) through (f) listed below (only if such person is significant):
 
 
       (a) A person who falls in any of (1) through (5) listed above;
 
 
       (b) A person who executes business of a subsidiary of the listed company;
 
 
       (c) A director who does not execute business of a subsidiary of the listed company of a subsidiary of the listed company;
 
 
       (d) A person who executes business of a parent company of the listed company or a director who does not execute business of a parent company of the listed company;
 
 
       (e) A person who executes business of a fellow subsidiary of the listed company; or
 
 
       (f) A person who has fallen in any of categories (b) or (c) listed above or a person who has executed business of the listed company until recently.
     
 
As of June 26, 2020, 9 of the 12 members of Sony Corporation’s Board of Directors qualified as “outside” directors. In addition, all 9 “outside” directors are qualified and designated as “Independent Directors” under the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
 
     
Executive Sessions.
Non-management
directors must meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. Independent directors should meet alone in an executive session at least once a year.
 
An “outside” director, as defined under the Companies Act, is equivalent to a
“non-management
director” under the NYSE rules because an “outside” director does not engage in the execution of business operations of the company.
 
The
outside/non-management
Directors generally meet several times a year without management, though neither the Companies Act nor Sony Corporation’s Board Charter requires
non-management
Directors to meet regularly without management and there is no requirement for the outside Directors to meet alone in an executive session at least once a year.
 
 
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Sony’s Corporate Governance Practices
 
     
Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee.
 A nominating/corporate governance committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter that addresses the purpose, responsibilities (including development of corporate governance guidelines) and annual performance evaluation of the committee.
 
Sony Corporation’s Nominating Committee shall consist of at least three Directors. Under the Companies Act, the Committee is responsible for determining the contents of proposals regarding the appointment and dismissal of Directors to be submitted for approval to the shareholders’ meeting. Unlike listed U.S. companies under NYSE rules, it is not responsible for developing governance guidelines or overseeing the evaluation of the board and management. Under the Companies Act, a majority of its members shall be “outside” directors, as defined under the Companies Act. Sony Corporation’s Board Charter requires at least one of the Directors on the Committee to be a Corporate Executive Officer.
 
     
Compensation Committee.
 A compensation committee of independent directors is required. The committee must have a charter that addresses the purpose, responsibilities and annual performance evaluation of the committee. In addition, in accordance with the SEC rules adopted pursuant to Section 952 of the Dodd-Frank Act, NYSE listing standards expanded the factors relevant in determining whether a committee member has a relationship to the company that will materially affect that member’s duties to the compensation committee and provided compensation committees the authority to engage compensation advisers. Additionally, the committee may obtain or retain the advice of a compensation adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to determining that adviser’s independence from management, unless the adviser’s role is (i) limited to consulting on a generally applicable broad-based plan or (ii) is providing information that is not customized for the issuer or is not customized by the adviser and about which the adviser does not provide advice.
 
Sony Corporation’s Compensation Committee shall consist of at least three Directors. Under the Companies Act, a majority of its members shall be “outside” directors, as defined under the Companies Act. Sony Corporation’s Board Charter prohibits the CEO, the COO and/or the CFO (or a person at any equivalent position) from serving on the Compensation Committee. Under the Companies Act, the Committee is responsible for, among others, determining the compensation of each director and Corporate Executive Officer.
 
     
Audit Committee.
 An audit committee satisfying the independence and other requirements of Rule
 10A-3
under the Exchange Act is required. The committee must have at least three members. All members must be independent. The committee must have a charter addressing the committee’s purpose, an annual performance evaluation of the committee and the duties and responsibilities of the committee.
 
Sony Corporation’s Audit Committee shall consist of at least three Directors. Under the Companies Act, a majority of its members shall be “outside” Directors, as defined under the Companies Act. In addition, pursuant to the Companies Act, no member of the Committee shall be a Director of the company or any of its subsidiaries who is engaged in the business operations of the company or such subsidiary, as the case may be, or a corporate executive officer of the company or any of its subsidiaries, or an accounting counselor, general manager or other employee of any of such subsidiaries. Sony Corporation’s Board Charter also requires each member of the Audit Committee to meet the independence requirements of the applicable U.S. securities laws and regulations, and requires at least one member to meet the audit committee financial expert requirements. Currently, all the members of Sony Corporation’s Audit Committee are also “independent” as defined in the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, and two members of the Committee are qualified as audit
 
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committee financial experts. Sony Corporation’s Board Charter discourages any Audit Committee member from concurrently being a member of other Committees.
 
     
Equity Compensation Plans.
 Equity compensation plans require shareholder approval, subject to limited exemptions.
 
Under the Companies Act, if Sony Corporation wishes to adopt an equity compensation plan under which stock acquisition rights or shares of common stock are granted on specially favorable conditions, except where all of its shareholders are granted rights to subscribe for such stock acquisition rights/shares of common stock or such stock acquisition rights/shares of common stock are gratuitously allocated to all of its shareholders, each on a pro rata basis, then Sony Corporation must obtain shareholder approval by a “special resolution” at a General Meeting of Shareholders, where the quorum is
one-third
of the total number of voting rights of all of its shareholders and the approval by at least
two-thirds
of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required under Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation.
 
On the other hand, under the Companies Act, if Sony Corporation wishes to adopt an equity compensation plan under which stock acquisition rights or shares of common stock are granted against fair value thereof, such plan can be adopted by the resolution of Sony Corporation’s Compensation Committee, and grants of stock acquisition rights or shares pursuant to such plan may be decided by a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by a Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such determination has been delegated, and no shareholder approval is required.
 
     
Corporate Governance Guidelines.
Corporate governance guidelines must be adopted and disclosed.
 
Sony Corporation is required to disclose the status of its corporate governance under the Companies Act, Financial Instruments and Exchange Act and its related regulations, and the Securities Listing Regulations of the Tokyo Stock Exchange; however, Sony Corporation does not have corporate governance guidelines that cover all the requirements described in the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards, as many of the provisions do not apply to Sony Corporation. Details of the status are posted on the following website:
https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/governance/
 
     
Code of Ethics.
 A code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees must be adopted and disclosed, along with any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers.
 
Although this provision of the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards does not apply to Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation has adopted a code of conduct to be observed by all its directors, officers and other employees. The code of conduct is available at:
https://www.sony.net/SonyInfo/csr_report/compliance/code.html
 
The code’s content covers principal items described in the NYSE Corporate Governance Standards.
 
 
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Item 16H.
Mine Safety Disclosure
 
Not Applicable
Item 17.
Financial Statements
 
Not Applicable
Item 18.
Financial Statements
 
Refer to the consolidated financial statements.
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Item 19.
Exhibits
 
Documents filed as exhibits to this annual report:
         
 
1.1
   
         
 
1.2
   
         
 
1.3
   
         
 
1.4
   
         
 
2.1
   
         
 
2.2
   
         
 
8.1
   
         
 
12.1
   
         
 
12.2
   
         
 
13.1
   
         
 
15.1
   
         
 
101.INS
   
Inline XBRL Instance Document — the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
         
 
101.SCH
   
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
         
 
101.CAL
   
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
         
 
101.DEF
   
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
         
 
101.LAB
   
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
         
 
101.PRE
   
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
         
 
104
   
The cover page for the Company’s Annual Report on Form
20-F
for the year ended March 31, 2020, has been formatted in Inline XBRL
 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form
20-F
and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
     
SONY CORPORATION
(Registrant)
     
By:
 
/s/  HIROKI TOTOKI
     
 
(Signature)
 
Hiroki Totoki
 
Executive Deputy President and
Chief Financial Officer
 
Date: June 26, 2020
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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
         
 
Page
 
   
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91
 
All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or the notes thereto.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Sony Corporation (Sony Kabushiki Kaisha)
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2020, including the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020, based on criteria established in
Internal Control — Integrated Framework
(2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2020 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020, based on criteria established in
Internal Control — Integrated Framework
(2013) issued by the COSO.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for leases as of April 1, 2019.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 15(b). Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
As described in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management has excluded AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. (subsequently renamed Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd. as of April 1, 2020) and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “Companies”) from its assessment of internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2020 because they were acquired by the Company in purchase business combinations during the year ended March 31, 2020. We have also excluded the Companies from our audit of internal control over financial reporting. The Companies are wholly-owned subsidiaries whose total assets and total sales and operating revenue excluded from management’s assessment and our audit of internal control over financial reporting collectively represent approximately 3% and less than 1%, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended March 31, 2020.
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Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Realizability of deferred tax assets for entity’s national tax filing group in Japan
As described in Note 2 and Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements, carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future income after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of carrying value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by the Company to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, based on an assessment of the available positive and negative evidence including the Company’s positive earnings for the past several years, due to the uncertainty of the forecast of future income impacted by the spread of
COVID-19
from early 2020, the Company has continued to establish a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets in the Japan consolidated national tax filing group, except for the amounts expected to be offset with taxable temporary differences. The valuation allowance of 274,761 million yen relating to Japan national taxes was established as of March 31, 2020.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the realizability of deferred tax assets for the Japan consolidated national tax filing group was a critical audit matter are (i) there was significant judgment involved by management in an assessment of the available positive and negative evidence including forecasted income, and (ii) this in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s assessment, including forecasts of future income.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s assessment of the realizability of deferred tax assets, including assessing positive and negative evidence including future forecasts for the Japan consolidated national filing group. These procedures also included, among others, evaluating management’s weighing of positive and negative evidence; testing the completeness of the positive and negative evidence used; and evaluating the reasonableness of assumptions used by management, including the uncertainty regarding the Company’s ability
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to generate income in the Japan consolidated national filing group. Evaluating management’s assumptions related to generating income in Japan involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering the current and past performance of the Company.
Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits and deferred acquisition costs
As described in Note 2 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements, liabilities for future insurance policy benefits include liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits related to certain variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts. The Company has elected fair value options for variable annuity contracts with minimum guarantee benefits in their entirety, which includes liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits. The fair value of the liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits is calculated as the present value of future expected cash flows. The significant assumptions used in the valuation include mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates, and investment yields. As of March 31, 2020, the liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits for the variable annuity contracts were 64,045 million yen. Liabilities are also established for the variable life contracts that include minimum guarantee benefits features. For these contract features, the liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits are calculated using current best estimate assumptions and are based on the ratio of the present value of expected total excess payments divided by the present value of expected total assessments over the life of the contract. The significant assumptions in the valuation include mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates and investment yields. As of March 31, 2020, the liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits for the variable life contracts were 79,860 million yen. Also, the Company defers acquisition costs that are related directly to the acquisition or renewal of insurance policies to the extent such costs are determined to be recoverable from future profits. Among them, the deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts such as variable annuity contracts, variable life contracts, and investment contracts are amortized over the expected life at a constant rate based on the present value of the estimated gross profit. The present value of the estimated gross profit is affected by a number of assumptions, including investment yields, mortality rates, lapse rates and discount rates. At March 31, 2020, deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts were 206,363 million yen.
The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to assumptions used for measurement of the liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits and deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts is a critical audit matter are (i) there was significant judgment involved by management in developing the aforementioned assumptions, (ii) this in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s assumptions, and (iii) the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge to assist in performing procedures and evaluating the audit evidence obtained.
Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the design and operating effectiveness of controls relating to the significant assumptions of the liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits and deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts, which included controls over the development of significant assumptions, such as mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates, and investment yields, and controls over the completeness and accuracy of data used by management in developing the assumptions, such as past claim, lapse, discount rates, and investment yield data. These procedures also included, among others, testing the completeness and accuracy of data used by management in developing the assumptions; and considering the reasonableness of the assumptions across products, in relation to prior periods, and in relation to management’s historical experience or industry knowledge. Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in evaluating the reasonableness of the methodology used by management to determine their assumptions and the reasonableness of the aforementioned assumptions used in the valuation of the liabilities for minimum guarantee benefits and deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts, based on industry knowledge and the Company’s historical experience.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC
Tokyo, Japan
June 26, 2020
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2006.
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
March 31
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
ASSETS
   
     
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
1,470,073
     
1,512,357
 
Marketable securities (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of 15,437 yen and 17,521 yen in 2019 and 2020)
   
1,324,538
     
1,847,772
 
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets
   
1,091,242
     
1,028,793
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
(25,440
)    
(25,873
)
Inventories
   
653,278
     
589,969
 
Other receivables
   
223,620
     
188,106
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
509,301
     
594,021
 
Total current assets
   
5,246,612
     
5,735,145
 
Film costs
   
409,005
     
427,336
 
Investments and advances:
   
     
 
Affiliated companies
   
163,365
     
207,922
 
Securities investments and other (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of 832,984 yen and 930,882 yen in 2019 and 2020)
   
11,561,286
     
12,526,210
 
   
11,724,651
     
12,734,132
 
Property, plant and equipment:
   
     
 
Land
   
83,992
     
81,482
 
Buildings
   
664,157
     
659,556
 
Machinery and equipment
   
1,585,382
     
1,725,720
 
Construction in progress
   
39,208
     
76,391
 
   
2,372,739
     
2,543,149
 
Less — Accumulated depreciation
   
1,595,686
     
1,634,505
 
   
777,053
     
908,644
 
Other assets:
   
     
 
Operating lease
right-of-use
assets
   
     
359,510
 
Finance lease
right-of-use
assets
   
     
33,100
 
Intangibles, net
   
917,966
     
906,310
 
Goodwill
   
768,552
     
783,888
 
Deferred insurance acquisition costs
   
595,265
     
600,901
 
Deferred income taxes
   
202,486
     
210,372
 
Other
   
339,996
     
340,005
 
   
2,824,265
     
3,234,086
 
Total assets
   
20,981,586
     
23,039,343
 
 
 
 
 
(Continued on following page.)
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
 
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term borrowings
   
618,618
     
810,176
 
Current portion of long-term debt
   
172,461
     
29,807
 
Current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities
   
     
68,942
 
Notes and accounts payable, trade
   
492,124
     
380,810
 
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses
   
1,693,048
     
1,630,197
 
Accrued income and other taxes
   
135,226
     
145,996
 
Deposits from customers in the banking business
   
2,302,314
     
2,440,783
 
Other
   
666,024
     
733,732
 
Total current liabilities
   
6,079,815
     
6,240,443
 
Long-term debt
   
568,372
     
634,966
 
Long-term operating lease liabilities
   
     
314,836
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
384,232
     
324,655
 
Deferred income taxes
   
531,421
     
549,538
 
Future insurance policy benefits and other
   
5,642,671
     
6,246,047
 
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
3,048,202
     
3,642,271
 
Other
   
281,382
     
289,285
 
Total liabilities
   
16,536,095
     
18,242,041
 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
   
8,801
     
7,767
 
Commitments and contingent liabilities
   
     
 
EQUITY
   
     
 
Sony Corporation’s stockholders’ equity:
   
     
 
Common stock, no par value —
   
     
 
2019 — Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,271,230,341
   
874,291
     
 
2020 — Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,261,058,781
   
     
880,214
 
Additional
paid-in
capital
   
1,266,874
     
1,289,719
 
Retained earnings
   
2,320,586
     
2,768,856
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income —
   
     
 
Unrealized gains on securities, net
   
135,035
     
161,191
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net
   
(19
)    
1,248
 
Pension liability adjustment
   
(310,457
)    
(235,520
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(435,229
)    
(509,872
)
Debt valuation adjustments
   
     
1,973
 
   
(610,670
)    
(580,980
)
Treasury stock, at cost
   
     
 
Common stock
   
     
 
2019 — 20,483,474 shares
   
(104,704
)    
 
2020 — 40,898,841 shares
   
     
(232,503
)
   
3,746,377
     
4,125,306
 
Noncontrolling interests
   
690,313
     
664,229
 
Total equity
   
4,436,690
     
4,789,535
 
Total liabilities and equity
   
20,981,586
     
23,039,343
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Table of Contents
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
   
7,231,613
     
7,306,235
     
6,856,090
 
Financial services revenue
   
1,221,235
     
1,274,708
     
1,299,847
 
Other operating revenue
   
91,134
     
84,744
     
103,948
 
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
Costs and expenses:
   
     
     
 
Cost of sales
   
5,188,259
     
5,150,750
     
4,753,174
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
1,583,197
     
1,576,825
     
1,502,625
 
Financial services expenses
   
1,042,163
     
1,112,446
     
1,171,875
 
Other operating (income) expense, net
   
4,072
     
(71,568
)    
(3,611
)
   
7,817,691
     
7,768,453
     
7,424,063
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies
   
8,569
     
(2,999
)    
9,637
 
Operating income
   
734,860
     
894,235
     
845,459
 
Other income:
   
     
     
 
Interest and dividends
   
19,784
     
21,618
     
19,278
 
Gain on sale of securities investments, net
   
1,517
     
     
 
Gain on equity securities, net
   
     
118,677
     
 
Other
   
2,427
     
4,440
     
2,671
 
   
23,728
     
144,735
     
21,949
 
Other expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
   
13,566
     
12,467
     
11,090
 
Loss on devaluation of securities investments
   
4,955
     
     
 
Loss on equity securities, net
   
     
     
20,180
 
Foreign exchange loss, net
   
30,634
     
11,279
     
26,789
 
Loss on pension plan amendment
   
     
     
6,358
 
Other
   
10,384
     
3,576
     
3,541
 
   
59,539
     
27,322
     
67,958
 
Income before income taxes
   
699,049
     
1,011,648
     
799,450
 
Income taxes:
   
     
     
 
Current
   
127,685
     
166,748
     
172,391
 
Deferred
   
24,085
     
(121,650
)    
4,799
 
   
151,770
     
45,098
     
177,190
 
Net income
   
547,279
     
966,550
     
622,260
 
Less — Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
56,485
     
50,279
     
40,069
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
490,794
     
916,271
     
582,191
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Per share data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
   
     
     
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
     
     
 
— Basic
   
388.32
     
723.41
     
471.64
 
— Diluted
   
379.75
     
707.74
     
461.23
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Table of Contents
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Net income
   
547,279
     
966,550
     
622,260
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
   
     
     
 
Unrealized gains on securities
   
1,070
     
33,285
     
40,390
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
   
(1,184
)    
1,223
     
1,267
 
Pension liability adjustment
   
12,390
     
(13,960
)    
74,971
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(6,335
)    
8,444
     
(75,888
)
Debt valuation adjustments
   
     
     
3,032
 
Total comprehensive income
   
553,220
     
995,542
     
666,032
 
Less — Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
60,403
     
57,669
     
54,151
 
Comprehensive income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
492,817
     
937,873
     
611,881
 
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
F-
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Table of Contents
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
   
547,279
     
966,550
     
622,260
 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities —
   
     
     
 
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred
insurance acquisition costs and contract costs
   
361,444
     
374,026
     
416,642
 
Amortization of film costs
   
359,274
     
348,493
     
329,809
 
Accrual for pension and severance costs, less payments
   
4,113
     
(33,631
)    
8,948
 
Other operating (income) expense, net
   
4,072
     
(71,568
)    
(3,611
)
(Gain) loss on securities investments, net (other than financial services business)
   
3,438
     
(118,630
)    
20,177
 
(Gain) loss on marketable securities and securities investments held in the financial services business, net
   
(47,119
)    
(66,383
)    
93,088
 
Deferred income taxes
   
24,085
     
(121,650
)    
4,799
 
Equity in net (income) loss of affiliated companies, net of dividends
   
(2,956
)    
7,947
     
(5,114
)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
   
     
     
 
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets
   
(80,004
)    
1,144
     
62,654
 
(Increase) decrease in inventories
   
(51,508
)    
30,455
     
40,315
 
Increase in film costs
   
(362,496
)    
(410,994
)    
(361,194
)
Increase (decrease) in notes and accounts payable, trade
   
(87,939
)    
18,534
     
(91,435
)
Increase (decrease) in accrued income and other taxes
   
29,181
     
(20,039
)    
(40,144
)
Increase in future insurance policy benefits and other
   
495,419
     
544,179
     
520,683
 
Increase in deferred insurance acquisition costs
   
(86,779
)    
(88,807
)    
(99,433
)
Increase in marketable securities held in the life insurance business
   
(89,797
)    
(64,034
)    
(124,270
)
(Increase) decrease in other current assets
   
3,776
     
16,576
     
(37,286
)
Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities
   
151,805
     
56,723
     
(27,083
)
Other
   
78,683
     
(110,153
)    
19,940
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
1,253,971
     
1,258,738
     
1,349,745
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payments for purchases of fixed assets
   
(262,989
)    
(312,644
)    
(439,761
)
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets
   
60,599
     
17,585
     
18,758
 
Payments for investments and advances by financial services business
   
(963,210
)    
(1,078,250
)    
(1,319,062
)
Payments for investments and advances (other than financial services business)
   
(13,801
)    
(53,525
)    
(48,853
)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances by financial services business
   
317,159
     
309,498
     
343,740
 
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances (other than financial services business)
   
6,596
     
2,442
     
14,456
 
Payment for EMI Music Publishing acquisition, net of cash acquired
   
     
(244,197
)    
 
Proceeds from sales of businesses
   
44,624
     
     
12,816
 
Proceeds related to sales of Spotify Technology S.A. Shares
   
     
82,467
     
 
Proceeds from sales of Olympus Corporation Shares
   
     
     
80,357
 
Other
   
(12,046
)    
(30,821
)    
(14,729
)
Net cash used in investing activities
   
(823,068
)    
(1,307,445
)    
(1,352,278
)
 
 
 
(Continued on following page.)
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Table of Contents
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
 
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
   
125,092
     
94,351
     
118,447
 
Payments of long-term debt
   
(44,561
)    
(382,671
)    
(198,055
)
Increase in short-term borrowings, net
   
35,145
     
123,979
     
193,332
 
Increase in deposits from customers in the financial services business, net
   
169,479
     
246,945
     
258,720
 
Dividends paid
   
(28,490
)    
(38,067
)    
(49,574
)
Payments for purchase of treasury stock
   
(198
)    
(100,177
)    
(200,211
)
Payment for purchase of noncontrolling interest in Nile Acquisition LLC
   
     
(32,041
)    
 
Payment for purchase of noncontrolling interest in Game Show Network, LLC
   
     
     
(39,894
)
Other
   
(10,011
)    
(35,203
)    
(17,107
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
   
246,456
     
(122,884
)    
65,658
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted
   
(53,044
)    
52,465
     
(21,643
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted
   
624,315
     
(119,126
)    
41,482
 
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at beginning of the fiscal year
   
968,624
     
1,592,939
     
1,473,813
 
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at end of the fiscal year
   
1,592,939
     
1,473,813
     
1,515,295
 
Less — Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in other current assets and other assets
   
6,610
     
3,740
     
2,938
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the fiscal year
   
1,586,329
     
1,470,073
     
1,512,357
 
Supplemental data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid during the fiscal year for —
   
     
     
 
Income taxes
   
101,092
     
210,499
     
216,922
 
Interest
   
12,169
     
10,882
     
10,000
 
Non-cash
investing and financing activities —
   
     
     
 
Obtaining assets by entering into finance leases
   
21,762
     
32,541
     
6,478
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Table of Contents
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
 
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Common
stock
 
 
Additional
paid-in

capital
 
 
Retained
earnings
 
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
 
 
Treasury
stock, at
cost
 
 
Sony
Corporation’s
stockholders’
equity
 
 
Noncontrolling
interests
 
 
Total equity
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
860,645
     
1,275,337
     
984,368
     
(618,769
)    
(4,335
)    
2,497,246
     
638,176
     
3,135,422
 
Issuance of new shares
   
488
     
488
     
     
     
     
976
     
     
976
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
4,533
     
4,532
     
     
     
     
9,065
     
     
9,065
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
12
     
12
     
     
     
     
24
     
     
24
 
Stock-based compensation
   
     
3,160
     
     
     
     
3,160
     
     
3,160
 
Comprehensive income:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Net income
   
     
     
490,794
     
     
     
490,794
     
56,485
     
547,279
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
   
     
     
     
(444
)    
     
(444
)    
1,514
     
1,070
 
Unrealized losses on derivative
instruments
   
     
     
     
(1,184
)    
     
(1,184
)    
     
(1,184
)
Pension liability adjustment
   
     
     
     
12,292
     
     
12,292
     
98
     
12,390
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
     
     
     
(8,641
)    
     
(8,641
)    
2,306
     
(6,335
)
                                           
 
 
Total comprehensive income
   
     
     
     
     
     
492,817
     
60,403
     
553,220
 
                                           
 
 
Stock issue costs, net of tax
   
     
(879
)    
     
     
     
(879
)    
     
(879
)
Dividends declared (27.50 yen per share)
   
     
     
(34,775
)    
     
     
(34,775
)    
(14,361
)    
(49,136
)
Purchase of treasury stock
   
     
     
     
     
(199
)    
(199
)    
     
(199
)
Reissuance of treasury stock
   
     
0
     
     
     
4
     
4
     
     
4
 
Transactions with noncontrolling interests
shareholders and other
   
     
(73
)    
     
     
     
(73
)    
(4,427
)    
(4,500
)
   
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
865,678
     
1,282,577
     
1,440,387
     
(616,746
)    
(4,530
)    
2,967,366
     
679,791
     
3,647,157
 
   
 
 
 
(Continued on following page.)
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Table of Contents
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)
 
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Common
stock
 
 
Additional
paid-in

capital
 
 
Retained
earnings
 
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
 
 
Treasury
stock, at
cost
 
 
Sony
Corporation’s
stockholders’
equity
 
 
Noncontrolling
interests
 
 
Total equity
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
865,678
     
1,282,577
     
1,440,387
     
(616,746
)    
(4,530
)    
2,967,366
     
679,791
     
3,647,157
 
Cumulative effect of newly adopted ASUs
   
     
     
7,976
     
(15,526
)    
     
(7,550
)    
5,432
     
(2,118
)
Issuance of new shares
   
431
     
431
     
     
     
     
862
     
     
862
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
8,174
     
8,174
     
     
     
     
16,348
     
     
16,348
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
8
     
8
     
     
     
     
16
     
     
16
 
Stock-based compensation
   
     
1,159
     
     
     
     
1,159
     
     
1,159
 
Comprehensive income:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Net income
   
     
     
916,271
     
     
     
916,271
     
50,279
     
966,550
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Unrealized gains on securities
   
     
     
     
24,370
     
     
24,370
     
8,915
     
33,285
 
Unrealized gains on derivative
instruments
   
     
     
     
1,223
     
     
1,223
     
     
1,223
 
Pension liability adjustment
   
     
     
     
(14,013
)    
     
(14,013
)    
53
     
(13,960
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
     
     
     
10,022
     
     
10,022
     
(1,578
)    
8,444
 
                                           
 
 
Total comprehensive income
   
     
     
     
     
     
937,873
     
57,669
     
995,542
 
                                           
 
 
Stock issue costs, net of tax
   
     
(147
)    
     
     
     
(147
)    
     
(147
)
Dividends declared (35.00 yen per share)
   
     
     
(44,048
)    
     
     
(44,048
)    
(28,961
)    
(73,009
)
Purchase of treasury stock
   
     
     
     
     
(100,177
)    
(100,177
)    
     
(100,177
)
Reissuance of treasury stock
   
     
1
     
     
     
3
     
4
     
     
4
 
Transactions with noncontrolling interests
shareholders and other
   
     
(25,329
)    
     
     
     
(25,329
)    
(23,618
)    
(48,947
)
   
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
874,291
     
1,266,874
     
2,320,586
     
(610,670
)    
(104,704
)    
3,746,377
     
690,313
     
4,436,690
 
   
 
 
(Continued on following page.)
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Table of Contents
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Continued)
 
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Common
stock
 
 
Additional
paid-in

capital
 
 
Retained
earnings
 
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income
 
 
Treasury
stock, at
cost
 
 
Sony
Corporation’s
stockholders’
equity
 
 
Noncontrolling
interests
 
 
Total equity
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
874,291
     
1,266,874
     
2,320,586
     
(610,670
)    
(104,704
)    
3,746,377
     
690,313
     
4,436,690
 
Cumulative effect of ASU
2016-02
   
     
     
(7,472
)    
     
     
(7,472
)    
     
(7,472
)
Issuance of new shares
   
529
     
529
     
     
     
     
1,058
     
     
1,058
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
5,179
     
5,180
     
     
     
     
10,359
     
     
10,359
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
215
     
215
     
     
     
     
430
     
     
430
 
Stock-based compensation
   
     
1,980
     
     
     
     
1,980
     
     
1,980
 
Comprehensive income:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Net income
   
     
     
582,191
     
     
     
582,191
     
40,069
     
622,260
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax —
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Unrealized gains on securities
   
     
     
     
26,156
     
     
26,156
     
14,234
     
40,390
 
Unrealized gains on derivative
instruments
   
     
     
     
1,267
     
     
1,267
     
     
1,267
 
Pension liability adjustment
   
     
     
     
74,937
     
     
74,937
     
34
     
74,971
 
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
     
     
     
(74,643
)    
     
(74,643
)    
(1,245
)    
(75,888
)
Debt valuation adjustments
   
     
     
     
1,973
     
     
1,973
     
1,059
     
3,032
 
                                           
 
 
Total comprehensive income
   
     
     
     
     
     
611,881
     
54,151
     
666,032
 
                                           
 
 
Stock issue costs, net of tax
   
     
(80
)    
     
     
     
(80
)    
     
(80
)
Dividends declared (45.00 yen per share)
   
     
     
(55,111
)    
     
     
(55,111
)    
(25,885
)    
(80,996
)
Purchase of treasury stock
   
     
     
     
     
(200,211
)    
(200,211
)    
     
(200,211
)
Reissuance of treasury stock
   
     
0
     
     
     
2
     
2
     
     
2
 
Cancellation of treasury stock
   
     
(1,072
)    
(71,338
)    
     
72,410
     
     
     
 
Transactions with noncontrolling interests
shareholders and other
   
     
16,093
     
     
     
     
16,093
     
(54,350
)    
(38,257
)
   
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
880,214
     
1,289,719
     
2,768,856
     
(580,980
)    
(232,503
)    
4,125,306
     
664,229
     
4,789,535
 
   
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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Index to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Sony Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries
Page
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
1.
       
F-16
 
 
2.
       
F-16
 
 
3.
       
F-28
 
 
4.
       
F-29
 
 
5.
       
F-29
 
 
6.
       
F-31
 
 
7.
       
F-31
 
 
8.
       
F-34
 
 
9.
       
F-36
 
 
10.
       
F-37
 
 
11.
       
F-40
 
 
12.
       
F-42
 
 
13.
       
F-43
 
 
14.
       
F-50
 
 
15.
       
F-55
 
 
16.
       
F-63
 
 
17.
       
F-67
 
 
18.
       
F-68
 
 
19.
       
F-68
 
 
20.
       
F-69
 
 
21.
       
F-72
 
 
22.
       
F-73
 
 
23.
       
F-77
 
 
24.
       
F-77
 
 
25.
       
F-79
 
 
26.
       
F-82
 
 
27.
       
F-83
 
 
28.
       
F-83
 
 
29.
       
F-85
 
 
30.
       
F-90
 
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Sony Corporation and Consolidated Subsidiaries
1
.
Nature of operations
 
 
 
 
Sony Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Sony”) are engaged in the development, design, production, manufacture, offer and sale of various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices for consumer, professional and industrial markets such as network services, game hardware and software, televisions, audio and video recorders and players, still and video cameras, smartphones, and image sensors. Sony’s primary manufacturing facilities are located in Asia including Japan. Sony also utilizes third-party contract manufacturers for certain products. Sony’s products and services are marketed throughout the world by sales subsidiaries and unaffiliated distributors as well as direct sales and offers via the internet. Sony is engaged in the development, production, manufacture, and distribution of recorded music and the management and licensing of the words and music of songs as well as production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles. Sony is also engaged in the production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and television programming and the operation of television and digital networks. Further, Sony is also engaged in various financial services businesses, including life and
non-life
insurance operations through its Japanese insurance subsidiaries and banking operations through a Japanese internet-based banking subsidiary.
2
.
Summary of significant accounting policies
 
 
 
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain adjustments and reclassifications have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform with U.S. GAAP. These adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books and records as Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan maintain their records and prepare their statutory financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Japan, while its foreign subsidiaries maintain their records and prepare their financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the countries of their domicile.
(1)
Significant accounting policies
Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies -
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sony Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiary companies, general partnerships and other entities in which Sony has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which Sony is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in business entities in which Sony does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, generally through
20-50%
ownership, are accounted for under the equity method. In addition, investments in general partnerships in which Sony does not have a controlling interest and limited partnerships are also accounted for under the equity method if more than minor influence over the operation of the investee exists (generally through more than
3-5%
ownership). When the interest in the partnership is so minor that Sony has no significant influence over the operation of the investee, the interest in the partnership is carried at fair value. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost plus/minus Sony’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses. Sony’s equity in current earnings or losses of such entities is reported net of income taxes and is included in operating income (loss) after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits. If the value of an investment has declined and is judged to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value.
On occasion, a consolidated subsidiary or an affiliated company accounted for by the equity method may issue its shares to third parties in either a public or private offering or upon conversion of convertible debt to common stock at amounts per share in excess of or less than Sony’s average per share carrying value. With respect to such transactions, the resulting gains or losses arising from the change in ownership interest are recorded in earnings within the fiscal year in which the change in interest transactions occurs.
Gains or losses that result from a loss of a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary are recorded in earnings along with fair value remeasurement gains or losses on any retained investment in the entity, while a change in interest
in
a consolidated subsidiary that does not result in a change in control is accounted for as a capital transaction and no gains or losses are recorded in earnings.
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The excess of the cost over the underlying net equity of investments in consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for on an equity basis is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on fair values at the date of acquisition. The unassigned residual value of the excess of the cost over Sony’s underlying net equity is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance.
Use of estimates -
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates include those used in determining the valuation of investment securities, valuation of inventories, fair values of long-lived assets, fair values of goodwill and other intangible assets, fair values of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, product warranty liability, pension and severance plans, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, film costs, and insurance related liabilities. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates. The timing and extent to which the spread of COVID-19 may negatively impact Sony’s business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain. This uncertainty could result in greater variability in accounting estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, those used in reviewing goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment and the valuation of deferred tax assets.
Translation of foreign currencies -
All asset and liability accounts of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are translated into Japanese yen at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and all income and expense accounts are translated at exchange rates that approximate those rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon remeasurement of a previously held equity interest in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations achieved in stages, accumulated translation adjustments, if any, are included in earnings.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and the resulting translation gains or losses are recognized into income.
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash -
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Sony includes restricted cash within cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.
Marketable debt and equity
securities
-
Debt securities designated as
available-for-sale
are carried at fair value with
unrealized
gains or losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Equity securities that have a readily determinable fair value, and debt securities classified as trading securities, are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in income. Debt securities that are expected to be
held-to-maturity
are carried at amortized cost. Individual securities classified as either
available-for-sale
or
held-to-maturity
are reduced to fair value by a charge to income when an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses are determined on the average cost method and are reflected in income.
Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.
In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as
available-for-sale,
Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline
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is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the fair value of the security is not more than 20 percent or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary.
When an other-than-temporary impairment of a
held-to-maturity
debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For other-than-temporary impairment of the debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values -
Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. If the value of equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values is estimated to have declined and such decline is judged to be other-than-temporary, Sony recognizes the impairment of the investment and the carrying value is reduced to its fair value. Determination of impairment is based on the consideration of several factors, including operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows. Fair value is determined through the use of various methodologies such as discounted cash flows, valuation of recent financings and comparable valuations of similar companies.
Allowance for doubtful accounts -
Sony maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. Sony reviews accounts receivable by amounts due from customers which are past due to identify specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the reserve, Sony makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on past collection experience and ongoing credit risk evaluations.
Inventories -
Inventories in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”), Music, Electronics Products & Solutions (“EP&S”) and Imaging & Sensing Solutions (“I&SS”) segments as well as
non-film
inventories for the Pictures segment are valued at cost, not in excess of the net realizable value – i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal, cost being determined on the “average cost” basis.
Other receivables -
Other receivables include receivables which relate to arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. No revenue or profit is recognized on these transfers. Sony will repurchase the inventory at a later date from the component manufacturers as either finished goods inventory or as partially assembled product.
Film costs -
Film costs include direct production costs, production overhead and acquisition costs for both motion picture and television productions and are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated fair value and
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classified as noncurrent assets. Film costs are amortized, and the estimated liabilities for residuals and participations are accrued using an individual-film-forecast method based on the ratio of current period actual revenues to the estimated remaining total revenues. Film costs also include broadcasting rights, which are recognized when the license period begins and the program is available for use, and consist of acquired programming to be aired on Sony’s worldwide channel network. Broadcasting rights are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value, classified as either current or noncurrent assets based on timing of expected use. Broadcasting rights are amortized based on estimated usage or on a straight-line basis over the useful life, as appropriate, although broadcasting rights licensed under multi-year live-event sports programming agreements are generally amortized based on the ratio of the current period’s actual advertising revenue and an allocation of subscription fee revenue to the estimated total remaining attributable revenues. Estimates used in calculating the fair value of film costs and the net realizable value of broadcasting rights are based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions and are reviewed on a periodic basis.
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation -
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Useful lives for depreciation range from 2 to 50 years for buildings and from 2 to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Significant renewals and additions are capitalized at cost. Maintenance and repairs, and minor renewals and betterments are charged to income as incurred.
Leases -
When entering into a contract, Sony determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at its inception. An arrangement contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases are included in operating lease
right-of-use
assets, current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on Sony’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in finance lease
right-of-use
assets, current portion of long-term debt, and long-term debt on Sony’s consolidated balance sheets.
Right-of-use
assets represent Sony’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Sony’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets also include any lease payments or initial direct costs incurred on or before the commencement date and excludes lease incentives. In determining the present value of lease payments, Sony generally uses its incremental borrowing rate, as the implicit rate is not available for most of its leases. Sony determines its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing, taking into account the lease term and the economic environment of each country or region at commencement date. The lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that Sony will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases recorded on the balance sheet is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Sony accounts for the lease and
non-lease
components of all underlying asset classes as a single lease component. Sony has applied the short-term lease exception for leases with a term of one year or less, where right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are not recognized and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis
.
As of April 1, 2019, Sony adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, which amends leasing guidance, on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on April 1, 2019, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases were not recognized in Sony’s consolidated balance sheet. For the detailed effect of the adoption of the new standard on Sony’s results of operations and financial position, refer to Note 2 (2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements.
Goodwill and other intangible assets -
Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.
In the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one
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level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.
The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and
mid-range
plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.
Management believes that the assumptions used to estimate the fair value in the goodwill impairment tests are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of COVID-19. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower than currently anticipated cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in assumptions could negatively affect the valuations, which may result in Sony recognizing impairment charges for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets in the future.
When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.
Intangible assets with finite useful lives mainly consist of patent rights,
know-how,
license agreements, customer relationships, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed,
internal-use
software, music catalogs, artist contracts, and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements). Patent rights,
know-how,
license agreements, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and
internal-use
software are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over 3 to 10 years. Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over 10 to 44 years.
Capitalized software -
The costs related to establishing the technological feasibility of software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred as a part of research and development in cost of sales. Costs that are incurred to produce the finished product after technological feasibility is established are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. The technological feasibility of game software is established when the product master is completed. Consideration to capitalize game software development costs before this point is limited to the development costs of games for which technological feasibility can be proven at an earlier stage. At each balance sheet date, Sony performs reviews to ensure that unamortized capitalized software costs remain recoverable from future profits of the related software products.
The costs incurred for
internal-use
software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized, mainly to selling, general and administrative expenses, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Costs related to the preliminary project stage and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred.
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Deferred insurance acquisition costs -
Costs that vary with and are directly related to the acquisition or renewal of insurance policies are deferred as long as they are recoverable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs include such items as commissions, medical examination costs and inspection report fees, and are subject to recoverability testing at least annually to ensure that the capitalized amounts do not exceed the present value of anticipated gross profits or premiums less benefits and maintenance expenses, as applicable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy reserves. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts are amortized over the expected life at a constant rate based on the present value of the estimated gross profit. Investment yields, mortality rates, lapse rates and discount rates are used as important assumptions for the present value of the estimated gross profit.
Product warranty -
Sony provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The product warranty is calculated based upon product sales, estimated probability of failure and estimated cost per claim. The variables used in the calculation of the provision are reviewed on a periodic basis.
Future insurance policy benefits -
Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits are primarily comprised of the present value of estimated future payments to policyholders. These liabilities are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. These assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Liabilities for future policy benefits includes the liabilities for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts. As discussed below in “Fair value measurement,” Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for future insurance policy benefits.
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business -
Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholders as of the balance sheet date. This liability is generally equal to the accumulated account deposits, plus interest credited, less policyholder withdrawals and other charges assessed against the account balances. Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business includes the liabilities related to the variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. As discussed below in “Fair value measurement,” Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business.
Impairment of long-lived assets -
Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, and assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the individual carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss would be recognized during the period for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds estimated fair value. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held and used until they are disposed of. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell and are not depreciated. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.
Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair values are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of COVID-19. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower future cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in Sony’s businesses or assumptions could negatively affect the valuations of long-lived assets.
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Fair value measurement -
Sony measures fair value as an exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Sony has elected the fair value option in the banking business for certain foreign securities. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates by allowing the gains and losses on the translation of these securities to be included in current earnings. Sony has also elected the fair value option for certain future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business which are not normally measured at fair value. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to the changes in the fair value between liabilities for those future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account due to changes in the minimum guarantee risk of contracts of variable annuities with minimum guarantee benefits, and the underlying investment managed for policyholders and derivatives. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk were estimated by incorporating the certain subsidiary’s current credit spreads, and are recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The accounting guidance for fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Sony’s assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable market data is used if such data is available without undue cost and effort. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
These levels are:
         
Level 1
 
 
Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
         
Level 2
 
 
Inputs are based on observable inputs other than level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
         
Level 3
 
 
One or more significant inputs are unobservable.
 
 
 
 
When available, Sony uses unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets to measure fair value and classifies such items within level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates and option volatilities. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. For certain financial assets and liabilities, Sony determines fair value using third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers and quantitative input from investment advisors following Sony’s established valuation procedures including validation against internally developed prices. Additionally, Sony considers both counterparty credit risk and Sony’s own creditworthiness in determining fair value. Sony attempts to mitigate credit risk to third parties by entering into netting agreements and actively monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties and its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit limits and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties.
Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the interim period in which the transfers occur.
Derivative financial instruments -
All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a gross basis. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized periodically in income or stockholders’ equity (as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income), depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies as a hedge and the derivative is being used to hedge changes in fair value or cash flows.
The accounting guidance for hybrid financial instruments permits an entity to elect fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument if the hybrid instrument contains an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately under accounting guidance for
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derivative instruments and hedging activities. The election to measure the hybrid instrument at fair value is made on an
instrument-by-instrument
basis and is irreversible. Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment had hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, that contain embedded derivatives where the entire instrument was carried at fair value.
In accordance with accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities, various derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.
Fair value hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges for recognized assets or liabilities or unrecognized firm commitments are recognized in earnings as offsets to changes in the fair value of the related hedged assets or liabilities.
Cash flow hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for forecasted transactions or exposures associated with recognized assets or liabilities are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. The time value component of the fair value of option contracts is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedging instruments. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and
the
accumulated amount recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis is recognized in other comprehensive income.
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in earnings.
Assessment of hedges
When applying hedge accounting, Sony formally documents all hedging relationships between the derivatives designated as hedges and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedging activities. Sony links all hedges that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to the specific forecasted transactions. Sony also assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an
on-going
basis, whether the derivatives that are designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Sony discontinues hedge accounting.
Stock-based compensation -
Sony accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value
-
based method and the expense is mainly included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Sony accounts for its stock acquisition rights plan using the fair value measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The stock acquisition rights plan is recognized, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, over the requisite service period using the accelerated method of amortization for grants with graded vesting. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on Sony’s historical experience in the stock acquisition rights plans where the majority of the vesting terms have been satisfied.
Revenue recognition -
Sony recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration Sony expects in exchange for satisfying performance obligations to transfer the goods or services promised in contracts with customers. This is in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 3: Determine the transaction price.
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) Sony satisfies a performance obligation.
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Sony owns a variety of intellectual property throughout segments and recognizes revenue through the licensing of such intellectual property. Sony has both functional and symbolic intellectual property. The licensing of functional intellectual property grants a customer a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at a point in time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation at the point in time when the customer obtains control and is entitled to benefit from the license. The licensing of symbolic intellectual property grants a customer a right to access Sony’s intellectual property over time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation over the license period as Sony maintains the intellectual property.
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are recognized as assets when Sony expects to recover these costs. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Costs to fulfill a contract are those costs that are directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract and that generate or enhance resources for Sony to satisfy its performance obligations. Sony applies a practical expedient and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less.
Performance obligations in contracts for the EP&S and I&SS segments are primarily to deliver various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices to customers. Revenues from these performance obligations are generally recognized when a promised good is delivered to a customer. However, if the sales contract contains a customer acceptance provision, then revenues are recognized when the customer accepts the promised good or when a deemed acceptance occurs by the lapse of time. Revenues are also recognized over time, primarily from the provision of internet broadband network services to subscribers over the subscription period. Revenues are recognized net of anticipated returns and sales incentives.
Within the G&NS segment, revenues from hardware, peripherals and software discs are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control to the retailer/distributor, net of anticipated returns, sales incentives and cooperative advertising obligations. Revenues from platform licensing to publishers are recognized when physical software discs are delivered. Revenues from digital game content, which is licensed functional intellectual property, are recognized when the digital content is made available for use by the licensee via an online platform, net of anticipated sales incentives and credit card chargebacks. Revenues from digital game content involving multiple performance obligations, such as obligations to make content available on future dates, are allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices that are observable in the market or Sony’s best estimate. Revenues from subscription fees for digital subscription services are recognized over the subscription period.
Within the Music segment, Sony licenses intellectual property that transfer to a customer either a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at the point in time in which the license is granted, or a right to access Sony’s intellectual property as it exists throughout the license period. Revenues are recognized when the customer has the right to use or access the intellectual property and obtains control of the use or access of that license. Digital revenues include revenues from contracts with digital streaming services typically recognized as a single performance obligation, which is ongoing access to intellectual property in an evolving library of content over the contract term, predicated on: (1) the business practice and contractual ability to remove specific content without a requirement to replace the content and without impact to minimum royalty guarantees and (2) the contracts not containing a specific listing of content subject to the license. For these contracts, revenues are recognized on the basis of sales and usage royalties, except where there is an amount of a minimum royalty guarantee that is not expected to be recouped, or a fixed fee, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenues from the sale of physical product such as CDs, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public.
Within the Pictures segment, revenues from the theatrical exhibition of motion pictures are recognized as the customer exhibits the film. Revenues from the licensing of motion picture and television programming for pay and free television exhibition and other markets are recognized when the product is available for use by the licensee. Revenues for motion picture and television program licensing arrangements involving multiple performance obligations, for example a fee for multiple titles, territories or availability dates, are allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation using Sony’s best estimate based on available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. Each individual motion picture or television programming product delivered generally represents a separate performance obligation. Licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized when the licensee can use and benefit from the content under the renewal or extension. Licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property is
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recognized ratably over the license term. For home entertainment distribution, revenues from the sale of physical product such as DVDs and
Blu-ray
Disc
TM
, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public. Revenues from electronic sell-through and
video-on-demand
are recognized when the product is made available for viewing via digital distribution platforms. Revenues from the sale of broadcast advertising are recognized when the advertisement is aired, and the performance obligation in these arrangements is the delivery of advertising spots and may include a guaranteed amount of impressions. When a guarantee for a number of impressions is not achieved, revenues are not recognized until additional advertising spots are delivered to provide the guaranteed impressions. Revenues from subscription fees received by television networks are recognized when the service is provided. The performance obligation under network subscription arrangements is a license of functional intellectual property that is satisfied as programming is provided over the term of the arrangement.
Traditional life insurance policies that the life insurance subsidiary underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue when due from policyholders.
Amounts received as payment for
non-traditional
contracts such as interest sensitive whole life contracts, individual annuity contracts and other contracts without life contingencies are recognized in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of fees earned for administrative and contract-holder services, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in financial services revenue.
Property and casualty insurance policies that the
non-life
insurance subsidiary underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts which are categorized as short-duration contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.
Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
Cost of sales -
Costs classified as cost of sales relate to the producing and manufacturing of products and include items such as material cost, subcontractor cost, depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets, personnel expenses, research and development costs, and amortization of film costs related to motion picture and television productions.
Research and development costs -
Research and development costs, included in cost of sales, include items such as salaries, personnel expenses and other direct and indirect expenses associated with research and product development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Selling, general and administrative -
Costs classified as selling expenses relate to promoting and selling products and include items such as advertising, promotion, shipping and warranty expenses. General and administrative expenses include operating items such as officers’ salaries, personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, office rental for sales, marketing and administrative divisions, a provision for doubtful accounts and amortization of intangible assets.
Financial services expenses -
Financial services expenses include a provision for policy reserves and amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs, and all other operating costs, such as personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, and office rental of subsidiaries, in the Financial Services segment.
Advertising costs -
Advertising costs are expensed when the advertisement or commercial appears in the selected media.
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Shipping and handling costs -
The majority of shipping and handling, warehousing and internal transfer costs for finished goods are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. An exception to this is in the Pictures segment where such costs are charged to cost of sales as they are an integral part of producing and distributing motion pictures and television programming. All other costs related to Sony’s distribution network are included in cost of sales, including inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs for raw materials and
in-process
inventory. Shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers are treated as separate performance obligations. Amounts paid by customers for shipping and handling costs are included in net sales.
Income taxes -
The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income included in the consolidated statements of income, and the tax liability attributed to undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future. The asset and liability approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.
Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of appreciated asset value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.
Sony records assets and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Sony continues to recognize interest and penalties, if any, with respect to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, as interest expense and as income tax expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. The amount of income taxes Sony pays is subject to ongoing audits by various taxing authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. In addition, several significant items related to intercompany transfer pricing are currently the subject of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions as a result of pending advance pricing agreement applications and competent authority requests. Sony’s estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issues is judgmental and requires significant estimates. Sony assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examinations based upon the evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at that reporting date. For those tax positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, Sony records the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. If Sony does not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized. However, Sony’s future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to Sony’s estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, the outcome of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements or other relevant events. As a result, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, and the effective tax rate, may fluctuate significantly.
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) subjects a U.S. entity to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by its foreign subsidiaries. Sony has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.
Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders per share (“EPS”) -
Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted EPS reflects the maximum possible dilution from conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities. All potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation in a situation where there is a net loss attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders.
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(2)
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Leases -
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 
2016-02,
which amends the accounting guidance for leases. The ASU requires substantially all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. Sony has adopted this ASU effective April 1, 2019, on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. Sony has elected the package of practical expedients for leases that expired or existed prior to the adoption date. As a result, Sony did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or whether initial direct costs for any existing leases qualify for capitalization. In addition, Sony has applied the short-term lease exception.
As a result of the adoption of this ASU, Sony recognized 316,923 million yen of operating lease
right-of-use
assets and 341,251 million yen of lease liabilities for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets at April 1, 2019. This impact is mainly due to operating leases of real estate. The difference of 24,328 million yen between
right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities represents deferred rent for leases that existed as of the date of adoption, which was offset against the opening balance of operating lease
right-of-use
assets. Finance lease
 
right-of-use
assets which are included in property, plant and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, are now presented as finance lease
right-of-use
assets from April 1, 2019 onward.
Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities
-
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, which requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount will not be affected. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities -
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU
2017-12,
which made targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting for both
non-financial
and financial risks and better align the recognition and measurement of hedge results with an entity’s risk management activities. This ASU also amends certain presentation and disclosure requirements for hedging activities and changes how an entity assesses hedge effectiveness. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
(3)
Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments -
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU
2016-13,
which amends the accounting guidance for credit losses on financial instruments. The ASU requires the consideration of all available relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions and forecasts and their implications for expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials -
In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-02,
which updates the guidance for the capitalization of film costs associated with episodic television series, requires the use of fair value rather than net realizable value when determining potential impairments of broadcasting rights, and modifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for films and broadcasting rights. In addition, upon capitalization of film costs entities are required to determine qualitatively whether the predominant monetization strategy is on a
title-by-title
basis or together with other films and/or broadcast rights as part of a film group, such as in the case of a release of a film as part of a library of content on a streaming service. In the case of a film group, impairments are evaluated at the overall film group level rather than the individual title level. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and is applied on a prospective basis. Upon adoption, Sony will reclassify
 approximately
24.1
b
illion yen of broadcasting rights in the Pictures segment and
 ap
proximately
 7.4
 
b
illion yen of animation film production costs in the Music segment included in inventor
ies
 to film costs.
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Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-12,
which revises the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-09
to defer the effective date of ASU
2018-12
to January 1, 2022. The ASU prescribes comprehensive changes to recognition and measurement of certain long-duration insurance contracts and assumptions and introduces certain financial statement presentation requirements, as well as significant additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2022. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.
Disclosures for Fair Value Measurement -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-13,
which amends disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. Since this ASU only impacts disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Disclosures for Defined Benefit Plans -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-14,
which amends disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Since this ASU only impacts disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Income Taxes -
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which simplifies the accounting requirements for income taxes. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2021 and amendments within this ASU are required to be applied on a prospective basis, except certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.
Reference Rate Reform -
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, which provides optional relief for certain contracts impacted by reference rate reform. The relief provided by the amendments is permitted to be adopted any time through December 31, 2022. Sony is still evaluating the impact of reference rate reform and whether to apply the optional relief.
(4)
Reclassifications
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certain reclassifications of the financial statements and accompanying footnotes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 have been made to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
3.
Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Finished products
   
407,295
     
345,231
 
Work in process
   
154,178
     
149,969
 
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies
   
91,805
     
94,769
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Inventories
   
653,278
     
589,969
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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4.
Film costs
Film costs are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Motion picture productions:
   
     
 
Released
   
87,158
     
99,482
 
Completed and not released
   
3,189
     
18,776
 
In production and development
   
130,736
     
67,199
 
Television productions:
   
     
 
Released
   
144,316
     
186,344
 
In production and development
   
9,147
     
25,093
 
Broadcasting rights
   
70,401
     
61,959
 
Less: current portion included in inventories
   
(35,942
)    
(31,517
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Film costs
   
409,005
     
427,336
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony estimates that approximately 92% of the unamortized film costs of released motion picture and television productions at March 31, 2020 will be amortized within the next three years. Approximately 217 billion yen of completed film costs are expected to be amortized during the next twelve months. Approximately 163 billion yen of accrued participation liabilities included in accounts payable, other and accrued expenses are expected to be paid during the next twelve months.
5.
Investments in affiliated companies
The summarized combined financial information that is based on information provided by the equity investees including information for significant equity affiliates and the reconciliation of such information to the consolidated financial statements is shown below:
Balance Sheets
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Current assets
   
355,320
     
389,195
 
Noncurrent assets
   
608,626
     
164,852
 
Current liabilities
   
188,905
     
194,219
 
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests
   
584,714
     
60,469
 
Percentage of ownership in equity investees
   
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Income
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Net revenues
   
468,933
     
390,457
     
387,678
 
Operating income
   
56,729
     
53,920
     
58,431
 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
   
27,301
     
5,539
     
34,916
 
Percentage of ownership in equity investees
   
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing. As a result of this acquisition, EMI became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony as described in Note 25.
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The carrying value of Sony’s investment in M3, Inc. (“M3”)
 
exceeded its proportionate share in the underlying net assets of M3 by 56,140 million yen at March 31, 2020. The excess is substantially attributable to the remeasurement to fair value of the remaining shares of M3, and allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets. The intang
ible assets relate primarily to M3’s medical
web-portal.
The unassigned residual value of the excess is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance. The amounts allocated to intangible assets are amortized net of the related tax effects to equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies over their respective estimated useful lives, principally 10 years, using the straight-line method.
With the exception of M3 as described above, there was no significant difference between Sony’s proportionate share in the underlying net assets of the investees and the carrying value of investments in affiliated companies at March 31, 2019 and 2020.
On December 19, 2019, SRE Holdings Corporation (“SRE”), Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, became a publicly listed company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Mothers market (the “Listing”). Upon the Listing, Sony sold a portion of its shares of SRE, and shares issued by SRE were publicly offered (collectively, the “Sale”). Sony’s ownership of SRE’s total shares, which was 56.3% before the Sale, has decreased to 44.5% after the Sale. As a result, SRE has become an affiliate accounted for under the equity method of Sony. In connection with the Sale, Sony recorded a gain of 17,266 million yen, which consisted of both a remeasurement gain based on fair value for the shares Sony continues to hold after the Sale, and a realized gain for the sold shares, in other operating (income) loss, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
On January 29, 2020, Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd.(“Sony Life”), Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of 50% equity interest held by AEGON International B.V. in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”). As a result of this acquisition, the JVs became consolidated subsidiaries of Sony as described in Note 25. AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. has changed its name to “Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd.,”
as of
 
April 1, 2020.
 
 
Several affiliated companies are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Sony’s investments in these companies have an aggregate carrying value and fair value of 141,508 million yen and 756,073 million yen, respectively, as of March 31, 2020.
The number of affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 were 133 and 140, respectively.
Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method are presented below. There are no other material transactions or account balances with any other related parties.
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Accounts receivable, trade
   
12,404
     
12,030
 
Other receivables
   
134
     
1,589
 
Other current assets
   
33
     
9,757
 
Accounts payable, trade
   
1,087
     
1,497
 
Short-term borrowings
   
29,744
     
31,557
 
Finance lease liabilities and other*
   
20,265
     
34,564
 
Operating lease liabilities
   
     
2,393
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales
   
45,415
     
41,437
     
35,951
 
Purchases
   
3,180
     
5,584
     
3,479
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony entered into sale and leaseback transactions regarding certain machinery and equipment with SFI Leasing Company, Limited (“SFIL”), a leasing company in Japan, in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018
 
and 2019. SFIL is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony.
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MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony as a result of the sale of the logistics business on April 1, 2015. As of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, account balances with MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries were 3,435 million yen and 1,181 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in accrued expenses. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, transactions were 10,606 million yen and 6,069 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in general and administrative expenses.
Dividends from affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 5,613 million yen, 4,948 million yen and 4,523 million yen, respectively.
6.
Transfer of financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony has established several accounts receivable sales programs mainly within the EP&S segment. Through these programs, Sony can sell receivables to a commercial bank or a special purpose entity associated with a sponsor bank. Total receivables sold during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 84,718 million yen, 81,947 million yen and 65,214 million yen, respectively. These transactions are accounted for as sales in accordance with the accounting guidance for transfers of financial assets, because Sony has relinquished control of the receivables. Sony includes the sales proceeds from these receivables as cash flows within operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows because the receivables are the result of operating activities and are short term in nature. Gains and losses from these transactions were insignificant. Although Sony continues servicing the receivables subsequent to being sold or contributed, no servicing assets or liabilities are recorded as the costs of collection of the sold receivables and the income from servicing such receivables are insignificant.
Certain accounts receivable sales programs above also involve VIEs. Refer to Note 24.
7.
Marketable securities and securities investments
Marketable securities and securities investments, primarily held in the Financial Services segment, include debt securities for which the aggregate cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value pertaining to
available-for-sale
securities and
held-to-maturity
securities are as follow
s
.
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japanese national government bonds
 
 
1,422,620
 
 
 
220,989
 
 
 
(20
)
 
 
1,643,589
 
 
 
1,552,036
 
 
 
210,459
 
 
 
(566
)
 
 
1,761,929
 
Japanese local government bonds
 
 
67,461
 
 
 
70
 
 
 
(34
)
 
 
67,497
 
 
 
69,132
 
 
 
73
 
 
 
(33
)
 
 
69,172
 
Japanese corporate bonds
 
 
202,433
 
 
 
17,178
 
 
 
(223
)
 
 
219,388
 
 
 
202,164
 
 
 
19,112
 
 
 
(567
)
 
 
220,709
 
Foreign government bonds
 
 
153,429
 
 
 
8,669
 
 
 
(603
)
 
 
161,495
 
 
 
198,777
 
 
 
81,014
 
 
 
(14
)
 
 
279,777
 
Foreign corporate bonds
 
 
360,299
 
 
 
944
 
 
 
(376
)
 
 
360,867
 
 
 
361,422
 
 
 
507
 
 
 
(2,179
)
 
 
359,750
 
Securitized products
 
 
190,111
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
190,112
 
 
 
205,223
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
205,223
 
Other
 
 
2,286
 
 
 
2,402
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,688
 
 
 
14,398
 
 
 
1,867
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
16,253
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,398,639
 
 
 
250,253
 
 
 
(1,256
)
 
 
2,647,636
 
 
 
2,603,152
 
 
 
313,032
 
 
 
(3,371
)
 
 
2,912,813
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japanese national government bonds
 
 
6,042,635
 
 
 
2,016,786
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,059,421
 
 
 
6,204,505
 
 
 
2,098,885
 
 
 
(1,397
)
 
 
8,301,993
 
Japanese local government bonds
 
 
3,518
 
 
 
388
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,906
 
 
 
2,504
 
 
 
331
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,835
 
Japanese corporate bonds
 
 
409,329
 
 
 
44,348
 
 
 
(5,845
)
 
 
447,832
 
 
 
482,050
 
 
 
61,176
 
 
 
(4,754
)
 
 
538,472
 
Foreign government bonds
 
 
386,392
 
 
 
18,609
 
 
 
(13,742
)
 
 
391,259
 
 
 
723,937
 
 
 
302,297
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,026,234
 
Foreign corporate bonds
 
 
198
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
209
 
 
 
98
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
105
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,418
 
 
 
 
 
 
(421
)
 
 
4,997
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,842,072
 
 
 
2,080,142
 
 
 
(19,587
)
 
 
8,902,627
 
 
 
7,418,512
 
 
 
2,462,696
 
 
 
(6,572
)
 
 
9,874,636
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
9,240,711
 
 
 
2,330,395
 
 
 
(20,843
)
 
 
11,550,263
 
 
 
10,021,664
 
 
 
2,775,728
 
 
 
(9,943
)
 
 
12,787,449
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The following table presents the cost and fair value of debt securities classified as
available-for-sale
securities and
held-to-maturity
securities by contractual maturity:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
Held-to-maturity
securities
 
 
Cost
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Fair value
 
Due in one year or less
   
145,867
     
146,084
     
6,075
     
6,109
 
Due after one year through five years
   
432,281
     
435,443
     
199,509
     
217,983
 
Due after five years through ten years
   
561,098
     
637,363
     
246,072
     
283,086
 
Due after ten years
   
1,463,906
     
1,693,923
     
6,966,856
     
9,367,458
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,603,152
     
2,912,813
     
7,418,512
     
9,874,636
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales of
available-for-sale
securities were 39,982 million yen, 66,906 million yen and 84,362 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. On these sales, gross realized gains were 1,257 million yen, 240 million yen and 354 million yen and gross realized losses were 2 million yen, 475 million yen and 128 million yen, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Sony adopted ASU
2016-01
from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the
available-for-sale
classification is eliminated for equity securities for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
Marketable securities classified as trading securities, which are held primarily in the Financial Services segment, totaled 234,117 million yen and 270,120 million yen as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Sony recorded net unrealized gains of 48,047 million yen, net unrealized gains of 3,610 million yen, and net
unrealized gains of 1,705 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Changes in the fair value of trading securities are primarily recognized in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the trading classification is eliminated for equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
 
The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on, and fair value of, Sony’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2019 and 2020.
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Less than 12 months
   
12 months or more
   
Total
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Debt securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
     
4,063
     
(20
)    
4,063
     
(20
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
27,404
     
(29
)    
4,872
     
(5
)    
32,276
     
(34
)
Japanese corporate bonds
   
25,725
     
(21
)    
19,925
     
(202
)    
45,650
     
(223
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
15,878
     
(603
)    
15,878
     
(603
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
50,281
     
(117
)    
15,455
     
(259
)    
65,736
     
(376
)
Securitized products
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Other
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
103,410
     
(167
)    
60,193
     
(1,089
)    
163,603
     
(1,256
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
     
97,984
     
(5,845
)    
97,984
     
(5,845
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
151,229
     
(13,742
)    
151,229
     
(13,742
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
     
     
249,213
     
(19,587
)    
249,213
     
(19,587
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
103,410
     
(167
)    
309,406
     
(20,676
)    
412,816
     
(20,843
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Less than 12 months
   
12 months or more
   
Total
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Debt securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
51,746
     
(539
)    
2,032
     
(27
)    
53,778
     
(566
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
25,010
     
(10
)    
16,340
     
(23
)    
41,350
     
(33
)
Japanese corporate bonds
   
62,118
     
(548
)    
10,694
     
(19
)    
72,812
     
(567
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
1,537
     
(14
)    
1,537
     
(14
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
86,220
     
(2,133
)    
18,896
     
(46
)    
105,116
     
(2,179
)
Securitized products
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Other
   
12,055
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,055
     
(12
)
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
237,149
     
(3,242
)    
49,499
     
(129
)    
286,648
     
(3,371
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
134,320
     
(1,397
)    
     
     
134,320
     
(1,397
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
98,172
     
(4,285
)    
3,727
     
(469
)    
101,899
     
(4,754
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Securitized products
   
5,418
     
(421
)    
     
     
5,418
     
(421
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
237,910
     
(6,103
)    
3,727
     
(469
)    
241,637
     
(6,572
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
475,059
     
(9,345
)    
53,226
     
(598
)    
528,285
     
(9,943
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, Sony determined that the decline in value for securities with unrealized losses shown in the above table is not other-than-temporary in nature.
For the
fiscal
 
years
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, with respect to equity securities included in marketable securities and securities investments, Sony recorded net realized gains of 77,495 million yen and 20,176 million yen due to the sale of equity securities and net unrealized gains of 104,168 million yen and net
 
unrealized
loss of 134,831 million yen due to revaluation of equity securities held as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Gains or losses arising from equity securities held in the Financial Services segment are recorded in financial services revenue, and gains or losses arising from equity securities held in all segments other than the Financial Services segment are recorded in gain
 (loss)
on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. Included in the
gains and (losses)
noted above were
gains and (losses)
recorded by Sony with respect to the equity securities held by Sony in Spotify Technology S.A. (“Spotify”).
On April 3, 2018, Spotify was publicly listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Sony owned 5.707% of Spotify’s shares at the time of the public listing.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony sold a portion of the Spotify shares that it owned for aggregate consideration of 82,616 million yen (768 million U.S. dollars) in cash proceeds. The sale of such shares, offset by costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other transaction costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the sale of Spotify shares, resulted in a net
pre-tax
realized gain of 54,179 million yen (504 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. The payments to Sony’s artists and distributed labels are included within Other in the cash flows from investing activities of the consolidated statement of cash flows.
The remaining Spotify shares retained as of March 31, 2019 had a gross fair value of 78,947 million yen (711 million U.S. dollars), and the revaluation of such shares resulted in a
pre-tax
unrealized gain, net of costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the revaluation of Spotify shares, of 47,543 million yen (449 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020,
Sony did not sell any portion of the Spotify shares that it owned. The
revaluation of the remaining Spotify shares retained as of March 31, 2020 resulted in a
pre-tax
unrealized loss, net of
a decrease in
costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels, of 6,063 million yen (57 million U.S. dollars) recorded in loss on equity securities, net in the consolidated statements of income.
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The aggregate carrying amounts of securities that do not have readily determinable fair values
 as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 totaled 25,720 million yen and 30,120 million yen, respectively. Sony recorded no upward adjustments
for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values
for
 
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
, and
 upward adjustments of 1,070 million yen
for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values
for
 
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Sony recorded downward adjustments (including impairments) of 4,285 million yen and 9,075 million yen for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
8.
Leases
Sony leases certain communication and commercial equipment, plant, office space, warehouses, employees’ residential facilities and other assets under both finance and operating leases.
(1)
Lease cost
The components of lease cost are as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Finance Lease cost
   
 
Amortization of
right-of-use
assets
   
10,077
 
Interest on lease liabilities
   
1,266
 
   
 
 
 
Total finance lease cost
   
11,343
 
Operating lease cost
   
76,863
 
Short-term lease cost
   
20,620
 
Variable lease cost
   
141
 
Sublease income
   
(3,860
)
   
 
 
 
Total lease cost
   
105,107
 
         
(2)
Supplemental
consolidated
balance sheet information related to leases
Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Finance leases
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
   
9,240
 
Long-term debt
   
29,843
 
   
 
 
 
Total finance lease liabilities
   
39,083
 
         
         
Weighted average remaining lease term
 
 
 
Operating leases
   
9.91 years
 
Finance leases
   
8.61 years
 
         
Weighted average discount rate
 
 
 
Operating leases
   
3.147
%
Finance leases
   
2.338
%
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
(3)
Rental payments and sublease rentals under operating leases
The minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining
noncancelable
lease terms in excess of one year at March 
31
,
2019
are as follows:
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2020
   
58,901
 
2021
   
48,823
 
2022
   
34,726
 
2023
   
25,355
 
2024
   
22,152
 
Later fiscal years
   
78,507
 
   
 
 
 
Total minimum future rentals
   
268,464
 
         
Rental expenses under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 77,950 million yen and 71,516 million yen, respectively. Sublease rentals received under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 1,325 million yen and 1,013 million yen, respectively. The total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases for operating leases as of March 31, 2019 were 1,598 million yen.
(4)
Maturities of lease liabilities
Maturities of lease liabilities
as of March 31, 2020
are as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Operating leases
 
 
Finance leases
 
2021
   
76,469
     
10,213
 
2022
   
69,606
     
7,323
 
2023
   
55,648
     
5,990
 
2024
   
40,303
     
4,689
 
2025
   
30,664
     
3,163
 
Later fiscal years
   
152,275
     
23,088
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total lease payments
   
424,965
     
54,466
 
Less imputed interest
   
41,187
     
15,383
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
383,778
     
39,083
 
                 
(5)
Other information
Other information related to leases is as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
   
 
Payments for operating leases, included in cash flows from operating activities
   
71,612
 
Payments for finance leases, included in cash flows from financing activities
   
33,088
 
Right-of-use
assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
   
124,380
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
9.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 totaled 146,023 million yen, of which 145,596 million yen is subject to amortization, and are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Intangible assets
acquired during the
fiscal year
 
 
Weighted-average

amortization period
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Years
 
Patent rights,
know-how
and license agreements
   
7,848
     
8
 
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
   
16,609
     
3
 
Internal-use
software
   
93,768
     
4
 
Music catalogs
   
19,837
     
14
 
Other
   
7,534
     
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, additions to
internal-use
software primarily related to the capitalization of new software across several business platforms.
Intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of the following:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
   
March 31, 2020
 
 
Gross carrying
amount
 
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
 
Gross carrying
amount
 
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Patent rights,
know-how
and license agreements
   
169,761
     
(145,525
)    
166,076
     
(146,051
)
Customer relationships
   
15,759
     
(11,825
)    
16,104
     
(12,467
)
Trademarks
   
15,768
     
(9,863
)    
11,152
     
(6,114
)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
   
125,350
     
(96,322
)    
141,111
     
(110,663
)
Internal-use
software
   
529,022
     
(345,935
)    
594,109
     
(384,236
)
Music catalogs
   
615,206
     
(106,725
)    
612,266
     
(124,787
)
Artist contracts
   
42,575
     
(29,108
)    
41,764
     
(29,017
)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)
   
74,605
     
(28,685
)    
53,266
     
(21,645
)
Other
   
61,675
     
(49,288
)    
64,456
     
(51,317
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,649,721
     
(823,276
)    
1,700,304
     
(886,297
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 123,450 million yen, 109,452 million yen and 110,819 million yen, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
97,978
 
2022
   
82,057
 
2023
   
66,079
 
2024
   
50,098
 
2025
   
38,658
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Total carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life
is
 comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Trademarks
   
69,447
     
69,975
 
Distribution agreements
   
18,834
     
18,834
 
Other
   
3,240
     
3,494
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
91,521
     
92,303
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                                                 
 
G&NS
 
 
Music
 
 
Pictures
 
 
EP&S
 
 
I&SS
 
 
Financial
Services
 
 
All
Other
 
 
Total
 
Balance, March 31, 2018:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
150,606
     
165,700
     
246,620
     
194,468
     
45,793
     
7,931
     
27,912
     
839,030
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(102,208
)    
(181,665
)    
     
(706
)    
(23,653
)    
(308,538
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
150,606
     
165,394
     
144,412
     
12,803
     
45,793
     
7,225
     
4,259
     
530,492
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) due to:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Acquisitions
*
   
2,261
     
240,396
     
387
     
     
     
     
     
243,044
 
Sales and dispositions
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Impairments
   
     
     
     
(776
)    
     
     
(4,331
)    
(5,107
)
Translation adjustments
   
1,088
     
(2,420
)    
3,673
     
(73
)    
771
     
     
72
     
3,111
 
Other
   
     
     
(2,988
)    
     
     
     
     
(2,988
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2019:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
153,955
     
403,676
     
252,262
     
194,416
     
46,564
     
7,931
     
28,570
     
1,087,374
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(106,778
)    
(182,462
)    
     
(706
)    
(28,570
)    
(318,822
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
153,955
     
403,370
     
145,484
     
11,954
     
46,564
     
7,225
     
     
768,552
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) due to:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Acquisitions
*
   
17,945
     
2,956
     
14,889
     
364
     
     
3,609
     
     
39,763
 
Sales and dispositions
   
     
     
(609
)    
     
     
     
     
(609
)
Impairments
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Translation adjustments
   
(926
)    
(13,802
)    
(5,410
)    
(129
)    
(372
)    
     
     
(20,639
)
Other
   
     
(1,199
)    
(1,980
)    
     
     
     
     
(3,179
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2020:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
170,974
     
391,631
     
257,074
     
194,635
     
46,192
     
11,540
     
28,269
     
1,100,315
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(104,700
)    
(182,446
)    
     
(706
)    
(28,269
)    
(316,427
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
170,974
     
391,325
     
152,374
     
12,189
     
46,192
     
10,834
     
     
783,888
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
Sony realigned its business segments from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. As a result of this realignment, the former HE&S, IP&S and MC segments have been realigned as the EP&S segment. In connection with this realignment, the carrying amounts of associated goodwill for the former HE&S, IP&S and MC segments have been reclassified to the EP&S segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019. Refer to Note 29.
*
Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to the acquisition of EMI Music Publishing in the Music segment. Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 relate mainly to the acquisition of Insomniac Games, Inc. in the G&NS segment, Silvergate Media in the Pictures segment and AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. in the Financial Services segment. Refer to Note 25.
 
 
 
10.
Insurance-related accounts
 
 
 
 
 
Sony’s Financial Services segment subsidiaries in Japan maintain their accounting records as described in Note 2 in accordance with the accounting principles and practices generally accepted in Japan, which vary in some respects from U.S. GAAP.
Those differences are mainly that insurance acquisition costs for life and
non-life
insurance contracts are charged to income when incurred in Japan whereas in the United States those costs are deferred and amortized
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generally over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies, and that future policy benefits for life insurance contracts calculated locally under the authorization of the supervisory administrative agencies are comprehensively adjusted using mainly the net level premium method with certain adjustments of actuarial assumptions for U.S. GAAP purposes. For the purpose of preparing the consolidated financial statements, appropriate adjustments have been made to reflect the accounting for these items in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The combined amounts of statutory net equity of the insurance subsidiaries, which is not measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 were 548,730 million yen and 586,983 million yen, respectively.
(1)
Insurance policies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance policies that subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment underwrite, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. The life insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 857,766 million yen, 910,011 million yen and 1,052,316 million yen, respectively. Property and casualty insurance policies that a subsidiary in the Financial Services segment underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts, which are categorized as short-duration contracts. The
non-life
insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 105,497 million yen, 111,392 million yen and 115,730 million yen, respectively.
(2)
Deferred insurance acquisition costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs charged to income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 amounted to 68,137 million yen, 79,906 million yen and 93,734 million yen, respectively.
At March 31, 2019 and 2020, the balances of deferred insurance acquisition costs of non-traditional life insurance contracts were
209,897 million yen and 206,363 million yen, respectively.
(3)
Future insurance policy benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities for future
insurance
policy benefits, except the portion of liabilities for minimum guarantee
benefits which is described below, which mainly relate to individual life insurance policies, are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in force. These liabilities, which require significant management judgment and estimates, are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. Future policy benefits are computed using interest rates ranging from 0.5% to 4.5% and are based on factors such as market conditions and expected investment returns. Morbidity, mortality and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are based on either the subsidiary’s own experience or various actuarial tables. Generally these assumptions are
locked-in
throughout the life of the contract upon the issuance of new insurance, although significant changes in experience or assumptions may require Sony to provide for expected future losses. 
Liabilities for future policy benefits includes the liabilities for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts. The details regarding the minimum guarantee benefits are presented in (5) below. Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for future insurance policy benefits. Refer to Note 13.
At March 31, 2019 and 2020, future insurance policy benefits amounted to 5,633,865 million yen and 6,237,048 million yen, respectively.
(4)
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represents an accumulation of account deposits plus credited interest less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges. Policyholders’ account includes universal life insurance and investment contracts. Universal life insurance includes interest sensitive whole life contracts and
variable
 
life
insurance
contracts. The credited rates associated with interest sensitive whole life contracts range from 1.7% to 2.0%. For variable
life insurance
 
contracts, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. Investment contracts mainly include single payment endowment contracts, single payment educational endowment contracts, individual variable annuities and policies after the start of annuity payments.
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The credited rates associated with investment contracts, except for individual variable annuities, range from 0.01% to 6.3%. For individual variable annuities, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. The liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business includes the liabilities related to the variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Refer to Note 13.
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business is comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Universal life insurance
   
2,104,646
     
2,611,577
 
Investment contracts
   
816,903
     
885,690
 
Other
   
126,653
     
145,004
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
3,048,202
     
3,642,271
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5)
Minimum guarantee benefit for variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Regarding variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts, minimum guarantee benefits (minimum death benefit, minimum accumulation benefit, etc.) are provided, and Sony bears the risk of fulfilling the minimum guarantee benefits prescribed in the contracts to policyholders. The fair value option is applied to the portion of the liability for variable annuity contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. Refer to Note 13. Excluding the portion of the liability measured at fair value, the liability for the minimum guarantee benefit is calculated based on the ratio of the present value of expected total excess payments divided by the present value of expected total assessments over the life of the contract. Mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates and investment yield are used as significant assumptions for this calculation.
 
The policyholders’ account value, net amount at risk, liability for the minimum guarantee benefit, and average attained age at March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows.
                         
 
Yen in million
s
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life 
insurance contracts
 
 
Total
 
Policyholder
s
’ account value
   
     
1,092,559
     
1,092,559
 
Net amount at risk
   
     
4,334,224
     
4,334,224
 
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit
   
     
63,423
     
63,423
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Age
 
 
 
March 31 2019
 
 
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life
insurance contracts
 
Average attained age
   
     
44
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in million
s
 
 
March 31
,
 2020
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life 
insurance contracts
 
 
Total
 
Policyholder
s
’ account value
   
464,093
     
1,096,935
     
1,561,028
 
Net amount at risk
   
71,685
     
4,564,214
     
4,635,899
 
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit
   
64,045
     
79,860
     
143,905
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Age
 
 
 
 
March 31 2020
 
 
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life
insurance contracts
 
Average attained age
   
60
     
45
 
 
 
 
 
 
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11.
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt
Short-term borrowings are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Unsecured loans:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.52%
   
55,186
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.86%
   
     
91,725
 
Repurchase agreement:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.56%
   
432,820
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.93%
   
     
567,194
 
Secured call money:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%
   
130,612
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.13%
   
     
151,257
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
618,618
     
810,176
 
                 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 474,644 million yen as collateral for 567,194 million yen of short-term repurchase agreements. The repurchase agreement provides for net settlement upon a termination event.
At March 31, 2020, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 42,576 million yen as collateral for 151,257 million yen of secured call money.
In addition, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with an aggregate book value of 12,445 million yen as collateral for cash settlements, variation margins of futures markets and certain other purposes.
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Long-term debt is comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Unsecured loans, representing obligations principally to banks:
   
     
 
Due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum
   
57,321
     
 
Due 2020 to 2029, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 5.10 % per annum
   
     
17,880
 
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019
   
69,964
     
 
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019
   
50,000
     
 
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021
   
89,819
     
89,894
 
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023
   
15,000
     
15,000
 
Unsecured 0.13% bonds, due 2024
   
     
29,886
 
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026
   
24,911
     
24,923
 
Unsecured 0.18% bonds, due 2026
   
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.30% bonds, due 2029
   
     
59,738
 
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022:
   
 
     
 
Conversion price 5,008.0 yen per common share
 
 
 
119,961
 
 
 
 
Conversion price 4,996.0 yen per common share
   
     
119,531
 
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023
   
200,003
     
201,205
 
Finance lease liabilities and
other*:
   
     
 
Due 2019 to 2048, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 9.14% per annum
   
72,991
     
 
Due 2020 to 2050, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 12.59% per annum
   
     
56,350
 
Guarantee deposits received
   
10,863
     
10,366
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
740,833
     
664,773
 
Less — Portion due within one year
   
172,461
     
29,807
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
568,372
     
634,966
 
                 
 
 
 
 
*
Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations and other as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 52,942 million yen and housing loans with a book value of 378,241 million yen as collateral for a 200,000 million yen long-term secured loan.
On July 21, 2015, Sony issued 120,000 million yen of 130% callable unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds with stock acquisition rights due 2022 (the “Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds”). The bondholders are entitled to stock acquisition rights effective from September 1, 2015 to September 28, 2022. The initial conversion price was 5,008.0 yen per common share. In addition to the standard anti-dilution provisions, the conversion price is reduced for a certain period before an early redemption triggered upon the occurrence of certain corporate events including a merger, corporate split and delisting event. The reduced amount of the conversion price will be determined by a formula that is based on the effective date of the reduction and Sony’s common stock price. The reduced conversion price ranges from 3,526.5 yen to 5,008.0 yen per common share. The conversion price is also adjusted for dividends in excess of 25 yen per common share per fiscal year. The conversion price has been adjusted to 4,982.5 yen per common share since June 10, 2020 because the payment of the total annual dividend per common share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was 45 yen, which is in excess of 25 yen. Sony has the option to redeem all of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds outstanding at 100% of the principal amount after July 21, 2020, if the closing sales price per share of Sony’s common stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is 130% or more of the conversion price of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for 20 consecutive trading days. Sony was not required to bifurcate any of the embedded features contained in the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for accounting purposes. There are no significant adverse debt covenants under the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds.
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In October 2019, Sony issued unsecured straight bonds in the aggregate principal amount of 100,000 million yen. Sony used all of the proceeds of the issued bonds for the repayment of debt. 
There are no significant adverse debt covenants or cross-default provisions related to the other short-term borrowings and long-term debt.
Aggregate amounts of annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
29,807
 
2022
   
159,102
 
2023
   
229,617
 
2024
   
81,041
 
2025
   
43,923
 
Later fiscal years
   
121,283
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
664,773
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, Sony had unused committed lines of credit amounting to 518,147 million yen and can generally borrow up to 180 days from the banks with whom Sony has committed line contracts. Furthermore, at March 31, 2020, Sony ha
d
 commercial paper programs totaling 1,044,150 million yen. Sony can issue commercial paper for a period generally not in excess of 270 days up to the size of the programs.
12.
Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Housing loans in the banking business
 
 
 
 
 
Sony acquires and holds certain financial receivables in the normal course of business. The majority of financing receivables held by Sony consists of housing loans in the banking business and no other significant financial receivables exist.
A subsidiary in the banking business monitors the credit quality of housing loans based on the classification set by the financial conditions and the past due status of individual obligors. Past due status is monitored on a daily basis and the aforementioned classification is reviewed on a quarterly basis.
The allowance for the credit losses is established based on the aforementioned classifications and the evaluation of collateral. The amount of housing loans in the banking business and the corresponding allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2019 were 1,685,504 million yen and 829 million yen, respectively, and as of March 31, 2020 were 1,927,054 million yen and 780 million yen, respectively. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, charge-offs on housing loans in the banking business and changes in the allowance for credit losses were not significant.
The balance of housing loans placed on nonaccrual status or past due status were not significant as of March 31, 2019 and 2020.
(2)
Deposits from customers in the banking business
 
 
 
 
 
All deposits from customers in the banking business within the Financial Services segment are interest bearing deposits. At March 31, 2019 and 2020, the balances of time deposits issued in amounts of 10 million yen or more were 292,968 million yen and 306,449 million yen, respectively. These amounts have been classified as current liabilities mainly due to the ability of the customers to make withdrawals prior to maturity.
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At March 31, 2020, aggregate amounts of annual maturities of time deposits with a remaining term of more than one year are as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2022
   
39,145
 
2023
   
16,102
 
2024
   
10,513
 
2025
   
3,238
 
2026
   
2,190
 
Later fiscal years
   
12,823
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
84,011
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
13.
Fair value measurements
 
 
 
 
 
As discussed in Note 2, assets and liabilities subject to the accounting guidance for fair value measurements held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.
(1)
Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
 
 
 
 
The following section describes the valuation techniques used by Sony to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified.
Debt securities, equity securities, and other investments
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 securities include exchange-traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security or the market is inactive, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and mainly classified in level 2 of the hierarchy. Level 2 securities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 securities primarily include certain securitized products, certain hybrid financial instruments, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds not classified within level 1 or level 2.
Derivatives
Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices are classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. However, few classes of derivative contracts are listed on an exchange; thus, the majority of Sony’s derivative positions are valued using internally developed models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters — i.e., parameters that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources, including industry pricing services. Depending on the types and contractual terms of derivatives, fair value can be modeled using a series of techniques, such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which are consistently applied. Where derivative products have been established for some time, Sony uses models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. These models reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and market-based parameters such as interest rates, volatility, and the credit rating of the counterparty. Further, many of these models do not contain a high level of subjectivity as the techniques used in the models do not require significant judgment, and inputs to the model are readily observable from actively quoted markets. Such instruments are generally classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
In determining the fair value of Sony’s interest rate swap derivatives, Sony uses the present value of expected cash flows based on market observable interest rate yield curves commensurate with the term of each instrument. For foreign currency derivatives, Sony’s approach is to use forward contract and option valuation models employing market observable inputs, such as spot currency rates, time value and option volatilities. These derivatives are classified within level 2 since Sony primarily uses observable inputs in its valuation of its derivative assets and liabilities.
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Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
In determining the fair value of future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business to which Sony applies the fair value option, Sony uses the present value of future expected cash flows based on mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates, investment yield and various actuarial assumptions. These are classified within level 3 since Sony primarily uses unobservable inputs in its valuation.
In determining the fair value of liability for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities, Sony uses mortality rates (0.004%~44.865%), lapse rates (1.000
%
~7.500%), and discount rates (-0.061%~1.433%) as significant unobservable inputs. The fair value of the minimum guarante
e
 
accumulation benefits, which is the primary minimum guarantee risk, generally declines with higher mortality rates, higher lapse rates, or higher discount rates.
The fair value of Sony’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows.
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
   
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Other
current
assets
 
 
Other
noncurrent
assets
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Debt securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Trading securities
   
22,105
     
212,012
     
     
234,117
     
234,117
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
1,643,589
     
     
1,643,589
     
18,719
     
1,624,870
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
67,497
     
     
67,497
     
7,768
     
59,729
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
219,388
     
     
219,388
     
11,472
     
207,916
     
     
 
Foreign government bonds
*1
   
     
161,495
     
     
161,495
     
3,984
     
157,511
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
   
     
338,163
     
22,704
     
360,867
     
90,801
     
270,066
     
     
 
Securitized products
*3
   
     
25,029
     
165,083
     
190,112
     
     
190,112
     
     
 
Other
   
     
4,688
     
     
4,688
     
     
4,688
     
     
 
Equity securities
   
1,037,100
     
135,794
     
     
1,172,894
     
951,390
     
221,504
     
     
 
Other investments
*4
   
5,489
     
1,507
     
6,918
     
13,914
     
     
13,914
     
     
 
Derivative assets
*5
   
444
     
10,042
     
     
10,486
     
     
     
9,431
     
1,055
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
1,065,138
     
2,819,204
     
194,705
     
4,079,047
     
1,318,251
     
2,750,310
     
9,431
     
1,055
 
                                                                 
             
 
   
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Future insurance policy benefits
 
 
Policyholders’ account
 
 


Other current liabilities
 
 
Other noncurrent liabilitie
s
 
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Derivative liabilities
*5
   
136
     
32,686
     
     
32,822
     
     
     
19,852
     
12,970
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
136
     
32,686
     
     
32,822
     
     
     
19,852
     
12,970
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Other
current
assets
 
 
Other
noncurrent
assets
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Debt securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Trading securities
   
24,330
     
245,790
     
     
270,120
     
270,120
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
1,761,929
     
     
1,761,929
     
10,011
     
1,751,918
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
69,172
     
     
69,172
     
15,334
     
53,838
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
220,679
     
30
     
220,709
     
14,774
     
205,935
     
     
 
Foreign government bonds
*1
   
     
279,777
     
     
279,777
     
2,690
     
277,087
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
   
     
343,980
     
15,770
     
359,750
     
94,156
     
265,594
     
     
 
Securitized products
*3
   
     
33,383
     
171,840
     
205,223
     
     
205,223
     
     
 
Other
   
     
4,152
     
12,101
     
16,253
     
     
16,253
     
     
 
Equity securities
   
950,744
     
581,642
     
     
1,532,386
     
1,434,612
     
97,774
     
     
 
Other investments
*4
   
7,162
     
816
     
9,242
     
17,220
     
     
17,220
     
     
 
Derivative assets
*5
   
1,310
     
41,073
     
     
42,383
     
     
     
40,784
     
1,599
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
 
 
 
983,546
     
3,582,393
     
208,983
     
4,774,922
     
1,841,697
     
2,890,842
     
40,784
     
1,599
 
                                                                 
                               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Future
insurance
policy
benefits
 
 
Policyholders’
account
 
 
Other
current
liabilities
 
 
Other
noncurrent
liabilities
 
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
*6
   
     
     
532,191
     
532,191
     
64,045
     
468,146
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
*5
   
2,077
     
33,789
     
     
35,866
     
     
     
16,814
     
19,052
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
2,077
     
33,789
     
532,191
     
568,057
     
64,045
     
468,146
     
16,814
     
19,052
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
*1 4,910 million yen and 7,771 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020
.
In the consolidated balance sheets, 2,386 million yen are included as marketable securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 4,910 million yen and 5,385 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
*2 173,964 million yen and 188,426 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 33,391 million yen and 34,502 million yen are included as marketable securities and 140,573 million yen and 153,924 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
*3 185,195 million yen and 193,430 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.
 
 
 
 
*4 Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.
 
 
 
 
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*5 Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*6
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business are those for which the fair value option has been elected.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
Net gains of 85 million yen and net loss of 12,408 million yen arising from
assets and liabilities
for which the fair value option has been elected are included in financial services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfers into level 1 were 1,769 million yen and 4,395 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities and equity securities became available in an active market. Transfers out of level 1 were 2,508 million yen and 3,216 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities were not available in an active market.
The changes in fair value of level 3 assets and liabilities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
 
Debt securities
 
 
 
 
Future
insurance
policy benefits
and
Policyholders’
account
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Japanese
corporate
bonds
 
 
Foreign
corporate
bonds
 
 
Securitized
products
 
 
Other
 
 
Other
investments
 
Beginning balance
   
     
27,878
     
83,614
 
 
 
 —
 
   
9,104
     
 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
465
     
562
 
 
 
 —
 
   
276
     
 
Included in other comprehensive income
 
(loss)
*2
   
     
131
     
1
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Purchases and Issuances
   
     
5,787
     
94,696
 
 
 
 —
 
   
4
     
 
Sales
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
(6
)    
 
Settlements
   
     
(10,435
)    
(13,601
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(2,460
)    
 
Transfers into level 3
*3
   
     
20,863
     
5,284
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
Transfers out of level 3
*4
   
     
(21,985
)    
(5,473
)
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
 
 
 
 
 
22,704
 
 
 
165,083
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,918
 
 
 
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses)
 
relating
 
to
 
instruments
still held at
 
reporting date:
   
     
     
 
 
 
           
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
219
     
510
 
 
 
 
 
   
441
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
                                                 
       
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
 
Debt securities
 
 
 
 
Future
insurance
policy benefits
and
Policyholder
s

account
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Japanese
corporate
bonds
 
 
Foreign
corporate
bonds
 
 
Securitized
products
 
 
Other
 
 
Other
investments
 
Beginning balance
   
     
22,704
     
165,083
 
 
 
 —
 
   
6,918
     
 
Acquisition of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co.,
 
Ltd. and
SA Reinsurance Ltd.
*5
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
547,190
 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
311
     
(18,151
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(500
)    
12,500
 
Included
 
in
 
other
 
comprehensive
 
income
 
(loss)
*2
   
     
(73
)
   
1
     
 —
     
     
3,032
 
Purchases and Issuances
   
30
     
13,597
     
40,175
 
 
 
12,101
 
   
4,711
     
5,295
 
Sales
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
(9
)    
 
Settlements
   
     
(20,867
)    
(12,967
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(1,878
)    
(4,762
)
Transfers into level 3
*3
   
     
3,374
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
Transfers out of level 3
*4
   
     
(3,276
)    
(2,301
)
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Ending balance
 
 
30
 
 
 
15,770
 
 
 
171,840
 
 
 
12,101
 
 
 
9,242
 
 
 
532,191
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
(94
)    
(16,507
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(376
)    
10,273
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1
Earning effects are included in financi
a
l services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2
Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net for available-for-sale securities and included in debt valuation adjustments for future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*5
Refer to Note 25
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level 3
assets include certain securitized products, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds for which quoted prices are not available in a market and where there is less transparency around inputs. In determining the fair value of such assets, Sony uses third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers without adjustment. Level 3 liabilities include future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business whose underlying figures are unobservable, and whose fair value is calculated in-house. For validating the fair values, Sony primarily uses internal models which include management judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset.
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(2)
Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
 
 
 
Sony also has assets and liabilities that are required to be remeasured to fair value on a nonrecurring basis when certain circumstances occur. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, such remeasurements to fair value related primarily to the following:
                                 
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Amounts included 
in earnings
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Long-lived assets impairments
   
     
     
4,389
     
(44,135
)
Goodwill impairment
   
     
     
0
     
(5,107
)
                           
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
(49,242
)
                                 
       
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Amounts included
in earnings
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Remeasurement of retained investment in SRE
 
 
 
15,911
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,347
 
Long-lived assets impairments
   
     
     
8,155
     
(36,003
)
                                 
   
     
     
     
(22,656
)
                                 
 
 
 
Long-lived assets impairments
Sony recorded an impairment loss of 31,341 million yen, 19,172 million yen and 12,714 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively, included within the EP&S segment, related to long-lived assets in the smartphone business asset group. For the smartphone business asset group, the corresponding estimated future cash flows leading to the impairment charge reflected smartphone sales results and expectation of continued difficulty in the business environment.
Sony recorded an impairment loss of 12,858 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, included within All Other, related to long-lived assets and goodwill in the storage media business asset group. As a result of conducting a strategic review of the business and evolving market trends, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows of this business and the estimated ability to recover the entire carrying amount of the long-lived assets and goodwill within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in an impairment charge for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
These measurements are classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as the condition of the assets or projections of future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows and the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, were considered in the fair value measurements. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (8)% to 6% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (26)% to 24% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, a discount rate of 10.6% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (10)% to 70% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, a discount rate of 8.9% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (34)% to 21% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets and goodwill for the storage media business.
Except as described above, no other impairment losses were individually material for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The other impairment losses were primarily related to the impairment losses in asset groups within Media Networks in the Pictures segment related to a review of the channel portfolio.
Remeasurement of previously owned equity interest in EMI
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony remeasured to fair value the previously owned equity interests in EMI in connection with EMI Music Publishing acquisition. The measurement is classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as projections of future cash flows and market comparables of similar transactions and companies were considered in the fair value measurements. Refer to Note 25.
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Remeasurement of retained investment in SRE
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony sold part of its shares in SRE and remeasured the remaining shares to fair value. This measurement is classified as level 1 because a quoted price for the shares of SRE is available on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Refer to Note 5.
Remeasurement of previously owned equity interest in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony remeasured to fair value the previously owned equity interests in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”) in connection with acquisition of the JVs. The measurement is classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as projections of future cash flows and market comparables of similar transactions and companies, were considered in the fair value measurements. AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. changed its name to “Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd.,” as of April 1, 2020. Refer to Note 25.
(3)
Financial instruments
The estimated fair values by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value are summarized as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Carrying
amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Total
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Housing loans in the banking business
   
     
1,861,384
     
     
1,861,384
     
1,685,504
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
     
1,861,384
     
     
1,861,384
     
1,685,504
 
                                         
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Long-term debt including the current portion
   
     
737,529
     
     
737,529
     
740,833
 
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
     
877,157
     
     
877,157
     
816,903
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
     
1,614,686
     
     
1,614,686
     
1,557,736
 
                                         
       
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Carrying
amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Total
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Housing loans in the banking business
   
     
2,161,432
     
     
2,161,432
     
1,927,054
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
     
2,161,432
     
     
2,161,432
     
1,927,054
 
                                         
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Long-term debt including the current portion
   
     
699,358
     
     
699,358
     
664,773
 
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
     
969,464
     
     
969,464
     
885,690
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
     
1,668,822
     
     
1,668,822
     
1,550,463
 
                                         
 
 
 
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The summary excludes cash and cash equivalents, call loans, time deposits, notes and accounts receivable, trade, call money, short-term borrowings, notes and accounts payable, trade and deposits from customers in the banking business because the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term nature. The summary also excludes
held-to-maturity
securities disclosed in Note 7.
Cash and cash equivalents, call loans and call money are classified in level 1. Time deposits, short-term borrowings, deposits from customers in the banking business are classified in level 2.
Held-to-maturity
securities, included in marketable securities and securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, primarily include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds and are substantially all classified in level 2. The fair values of housing loans in the banking business, included in securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, were estimated based on the discounted future cash flows using interest rates reflecting London Interbank Offered Rate base yield curves with certain risk premiums. The fair values of long-term debt including the current portion and investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business were estimated based on either the market value or the discounted future cash flows using Sony’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar liabilities.
14.
Derivative instruments and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
Sony has certain financial instruments including financial assets and liabilities acquired in the normal course of business. Such financial instruments are exposed to market risk arising from the changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In applying a consistent risk management strategy for the purpose of reducing such risk, Sony uses derivative financial instruments, which include foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, and interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements). Certain other derivative financial instruments are entered into in the Financial Services segment for asset-liability management (“ALM”) purposes. These instruments are executed with creditworthy financial institutions, and virtually all foreign currency contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, euros and other currencies of major countries. These derivatives generally mature or expire within six months after the balance sheet date. Other than derivatives utilized in the Financial Services segment for ALM, Sony does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. These derivative transactions utilized for ALM in the Financial Services segment are executed within certain limits in accordance with an internal risk management policy.
Derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.
Fair value hedges
Both the derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the hedged items are reflected at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives designated as fair value hedges, as well as offsetting changes in the carrying value of the underlying hedged items, are recognized in income. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018
,
2
019
and
20
20
, there were no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of fair value hedges.
Cash flow hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. The time value component of the fair value of option contracts is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedging instruments. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and
the
accumulated amount recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis
 
is recognized in OCI.
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized in income.
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A description of the purpose and classification of the derivative financial instruments held by Sony is as follows:
Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts
Foreign exchange forward contracts and purchased and written foreign currency option contracts are utilized primarily to limit the exposure affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates on cash flows generated or anticipated by Sony’s transactions and accounts receivable and payable denominated in foreign currencies. The majority of written foreign currency option contracts are a part of range forward contract arrangements and expire in the same month with the corresponding purchased foreign currency option contracts.
Sony also entered into foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange range forward contracts which effectively fixed the cash flows from certain forecasted purchase and sale transactions denominated in foreign currencies for the fiscal years ended March 31,
 
2018
, 2019
and 20
20
. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as cash flow hedges.
Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts that do not qualify as hedges are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.
Foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts and currency swap agreements held by certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue.
Interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements)
Interest rate swap agreements are utilized primarily to lower funding costs, to diversify sources of funding and to limit Sony’s exposure associated with underlying borrowings and
available-for-sale
debt securities resulting from adverse fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and changes in fair values.
Interest rate swap agreements entered into in the Financial Services segment are used for reducing the risk arising from the changes in the fair value of fixed rate
available-for-sale
debt securities. These derivatives are considered to be a hedge against changes in the fair value of
available-for-sale
debt securities in the Financial Services segment. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as fair value hedges.
Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have interest rate swap agreements as part of their ALM, which are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in financial service revenues.
Any other interest rate swap agreements that do not qualify as hedges, which are used for reducing the risk arising from changes of variable rate debt, are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.
Other agreements
Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have equity future contracts, equity swap agreements, bond future contracts, commodity future contracts, interest rate swaption agreements, other currency contracts and hybrid financial instruments as part of their ALM, which are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue. The hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, contained embedded derivatives that are not required to be bifurcated because the entire instruments are carried at fair value.
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The estimated fair values of Sony’s outstanding derivative instruments are summarized as follows:
                                         
Derivatives designated as hedging
instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
   
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
 
                            
 
March 31
   
                                
 
March 31
 
Asset derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Liability derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
10
     
9
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
141
     
183
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
101
     
27
   
Liabilities: Other
   
8,274
     
8,177
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
131
     
1,799
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
42
     
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
242
     
1,835
   
   
8,457
     
8,360
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
       
Derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
   
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
 
                            
 
March 31
   
                                
 
March 31
 
Asset derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Liability derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
39
     
44
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
344
     
200
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
882
     
1,523
   
Liabilities: Other
   
3,637
     
9,120
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
8,807
     
19,655
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
11,549
     
14,580
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
72
     
49
   
Liabilities: Other
   
1,059
     
1,755
 
Equity contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
444
     
18,886
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
7,776
     
1,476
 
Bond contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
     
306
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
     
290
 
Commodity contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
     
85
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
     
85
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
10,244
     
40,548
   
   
24,365
     
27,506
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total derivatives
 
   
10,486
     
42,383
   
   
32,822
     
35,866
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presented below are the effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
                             
Derivatives under fair value
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Location of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(52
)    
(1,835
)    
(3,925
)
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
(52
)    
(1,835
)    
(3,925
)
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
Derivatives under cash flow
hedging relationships
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Amounts recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative
instruments in OCI
 (before tax)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
:
   
     
     
 
Components included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness
   
(2,295
)    
2,315
     
1,712
 
Components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness that were recognized based on amortization approach
   
                             
     
                             
     
                        1,087
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
(2,295
)    
2,315
     
2,799
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                             
Derivatives under cash flow
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Affected line item in consolidated
statements of income
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Amounts reclassified from unrealized
gains (losses) on derivative instruments
in accumulated OCI (before tax)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
:
 
   
     
     
 
Components included in
the assessment of hedge effectiveness
 
Cost of sales
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
 
Net sales
   
     
     
106
 
Components excluded from
the assessment of hedge effectiveness that were recognized based on amortization approach
 
Net sales
   
     
     
(1,087
)
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
(981
)
                             
       
Derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Location of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(1,544
)    
(3,192
)    
1,190
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
2,013
     
(8,198
)    
2,473
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Foreign exchange loss, net
   
21,370
     
(7,437
)    
10,184
 
Equity contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(11,665
)    
(7,649
)    
15,438
 
Bond contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
     
     
(2,954
)
Commodity contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
     
     
110
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
10,174
     
(26,476
)    
26,441
 
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presented below are the amortized cost of hedged items, which are available-for-sale debt securities, and cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments to hedged items under fair value hedging relationships as of March 31, 2020.
                     
Derivatives under
fair value
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location of
hedged items
 
March 31, 2020
 
Amortized cost
 
 
Cumulative effect to
carrying amount of
hedged items by fair value hedges
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Marketable securities
   
15,255
     
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Securities investments and other
   
91,080
     
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
106,335
     
 
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The following table summarizes additional information, including notional amounts, for each type of derivative:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
   
March 31, 2020
 
 
Notional
amount
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Notional
amount
 
 
Fair value
 
Foreign exchange contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Foreign exchange forward contracts
   
701,880
     
(304
)    
740,464
     
4,361
 
Currency option contracts purchased
   
53,846
     
179
     
473
     
7
 
Currency option contracts written
   
58,825
     
(35
)    
460
     
(5
)
Currency swap agreements
   
959,777
     
(5,564
)    
893,874
     
(1,006
)
Other currency contracts
   
68,513
     
2,084
     
62,080
     
1,811
 
Interest rate contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Interest rate swap agreements
   
339,934
     
(11,346
)    
994,133
     
(16,019
)
Interest rate swaption agreements
   
5,300
     
(18
)    
18,700
     
(58
)
Equity contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity future contracts
   
58,725
     
308
     
63,354
     
(871
)
Equity swap agreements
   
63,107
     
(7,640
)    
103,409
     
18,281
 
Bond contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Bond
 future contracts
   
     
     
56,546
     
16
 
Commodity contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Commodity future contracts
   
     
     
1,465
     
0
 
 
 
 
 
All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis, but certain subsidiaries have entered into master netting agreements or other similar agreements, which are mainly International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements. An ISDA Master Agreement is an agreement between two counterparties that may have multiple derivative contracts with each other, and such ISDA Master Agreement may provide for the net settlement of all or a specified group of these derivative contracts, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of a default on or affecting any one derivative contract, or a termination event affecting all or a specified group of derivative contracts. Presented below are the effects of offsetting derivative assets, derivative liabilities, financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2019 and 2020.
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
As of March 31, 2019
 
 
Gross amounts
presented in the
consolidated
balance sheet
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the
consolidated balance sheet that are
subject to master netting agreements
   
 
Financial
instruments
 
 
Cash collateral
 
 
Net amounts
 
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements
   
6,855
     
3,442
     
136
     
3,277
 
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements
   
3,631
     
     
     
3,631
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
10,486
     
3,442
     
136
     
6,908
 
                                 
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements
   
25,872
     
3,970
     
20,191
     
1,711
 
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements
   
6,950
     
     
     
6,950
 
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements
   
432,820
     
432,820
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
465,642
     
436,790
     
20,191
     
8,661
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
As of March 31, 2020
 
 
Gross amounts
presented in the
consolidated
balance sheet
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the
consolidated balance sheet that are
subject to master netting agreements
   
 
Financial
instruments
 
 
Cash collateral
 
 
Net amounts
 
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements
   
38,281
     
12,614
     
20,545
     
5,122
 
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements
   
4,102
     
     
     
4,102
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
42,383
     
12,614
     
20,545
     
9,224
 
                                 
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements
   
31,896
     
7,086
     
23,873
     
937
 
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements
   
3,970
     
     
     
3,970
 
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements
   
567,194
     
564,874
     
     
2,320
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
603,060
     
571,960
     
23,873
     
7,227
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
15.
Pension and severance plans
 
 
 
 
(1)
Defined benefit and severance plans
 
 
 
 
Upon terminating employment, employees of Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan are entitled, under most circumstances, to
lump-sum
indemnities or pension payments as described below. Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries’ pension plans utilize a point-based plan under which a point is added every year reflecting the individual employee’s performance over that year. Under the point-based plan, the amount of payment is determined based on the sum of cumulative points from past services and interest points earned on the cumulative points regardless of whether or not the employee is voluntarily retiring.
Under the plans, in general, the defined benefits cover 65% of the indemnities under existing regulations to employees. The remaining indemnities are covered by severance payments by the companies. The pension benefits are payable at the option of the retiring employee either in a
lump-sum
amount or monthly pension payments. Contributions to the plans are funded through several financial institutions in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
From April 1, 2012, Sony Corporation and substantially all of its subsidiaries in Japan have modified existing defined benefit pension plans such that life annuities will no longer accrue additional service benefits, with those participants instead accruing fixed-term annuities. The defined benefit pension plans were closed to new participants and a defined contribution plan was also introduced.
From October 1, 2019, Sony Corporation and substantially all of its subsidiaries in Japan have amended their defined benefit pension plans and have implemented defined contribution plans for all employees other than those employees that had retired before the amendments. As a result, accrued pension and severance costs decreased 74,872 million yen and accumulated other comprehensive income increased 81,230 million yen in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. In addition, a loss on the pension plan amendment of 6,358 million yen was recorded in other expenses in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
In addition, several of Sony’s foreign subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans or severance indemnity plans, which cover substantially all of their employees. Under such plans, the related cost of benefits is currently funded or accrued. Benefits awarded under these plans are based primarily on the current rate of pay and length of service.
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The components of net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
Japanese plans
:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Service cost
   
25,185
     
23,128
     
17,948
 
Interest cost
   
8,024
     
7,020
     
4,162
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(16,440
)    
(16,695
)    
(17,040
)
Recognized actuarial loss
   
16,099
     
15,365
     
12,969
 
Amortization of prior service costs
   
(8,693
)    
(7,864
)    
(4,294
)
Losses on curtailments and settlements
   
     
     
6,358
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit costs
   
24,175
     
20,954
     
20,103
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign plans
:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Service cost
   
3,181
     
2,780
     
3,616
 
Interest cost
   
10,393
     
10,083
     
9,212
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(11,687
)    
(11,797
)    
(10,916
)
Amortization of net transition asset
   
5
     
     
 
Recognized actuarial loss
   
3,014
     
2,656
     
2,606
 
Amortization of prior service costs
   
(574
)    
(269
)    
2
 
Losses on curtailments and settlements
   
1,058
     
1,804
     
68
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit costs
   
5,390
     
5,257
     
4,588
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
The components of net periodic benefit costs other than service cost for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are included within other expenses (income) in the consolidated statements of income.
The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit costs over the next fiscal year are 12,185 million yen and 1,412 million yen, respectively.
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The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets as well as the funded status and composition of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Change in benefit obligation:
   
     
     
     
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year
   
1,010,574
     
1,034,954
     
356,397
     
351,918
 
Service cost
   
23,128
     
17,948
     
2,780
     
3,616
 
Interest cost
   
7,020
     
4,162
     
10,083
     
9,212
 
Plan participants’ contributions
   
     
     
462
     
487
 
Plan amendments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,210
 
Actuarial (gain) loss
   
29,295
     
(3,330
)    
1,700
     
19,776
 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
   
     
     
(1,554
)    
(16,919
)
Curtailments and settlements
   
     
(359,205
)    
(6,120
)    
(4,434
)
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries
   
     
     
1,947
     
 
Other
   
6
     
2
     
     
 
Benefits paid
   
(35,069
)    
(35,668
)    
(13,777
)    
(14,055
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year
   
1,034,954
     
658,863
     
351,918
     
359,811
 
                                 
Change in plan assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year
   
711,077
     
742,204
     
269,745
     
274,749
 
Actual return on plan assets
   
18,701
     
2,942
     
15,243
     
26,738
 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
   
     
     
(838
)    
(14,904
)
Employer contribution
   
36,875
     
7,453
     
8,542
     
9,916
 
Plan participants’ contributions
   
     
     
462
     
487
 
Curtailments and settlements
   
     
(284,333
)    
(5,960
)    
(3,146
)
Benefits paid
   
(24,449
)    
(31,060
)    
(12,445
)    
(12,730
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year
   
742,204
     
437,206
     
274,749
     
281,110
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Funded status at end of the fiscal year
   
(292,750
)    
(221,657
)    
(77,169
)    
(78,701
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Noncurrent assets
   
3,476
     
3,391
     
14,745
     
24,777
 
Current liabilities
   
     
     
(4,412
)    
(4,355
)
Noncurrent liabilities
   
(296,226
)    
(225,048
)    
(87,502
)    
(99,123
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
   
(292,750
)    
(221,657
)    
(77,169
)    
(78,701
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, excluding tax effects, consist of:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Prior service cost (credit)
   
(8,859
)    
(369
)    
(45
)    
10,058
 
Net actuarial loss
   
311,128
     
223,354
     
71,906
     
66,326
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
   
302,269
     
222,985
     
71,861
     
76,384
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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The accumulated benefit obligations for all defined benefit pension plans were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Accumulated benefit obligations
   
1,029,910
     
654,209
     
336,185
     
354,100
 
 
 
 
The projected benefit obligations, the accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Projected benefit obligations
   
1,022,235
     
645,544
     
200,596
     
230,058
 
Accumulated benefit obligations
   
1,017,191
     
640,890
     
196,928
     
226,080
 
Fair value of plan assets
   
726,009
     
420,497
     
123,937
     
130,955
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Discount rate
   
0.6
%    
0.6
%    
2.8
%    
2.0
%
Rate of compensation increase
   
*
     
*
     
2.3
     
2.2
 
 
 
 
  * Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.
 
 
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
   
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Discount rate
   
0.9
%    
0.8
%    
0.6
%    
3.1
%    
2.9
%    
2.8
%
Expected return on plan assets
   
2.4
     
2.6
     
2.6
     
4.6
     
4.4
     
4.2
 
Rate of compensation increase
   
*
     
*
     
*
     
2.4
     
2.6
     
2.3
 
 
 
 
* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.
Sony reviews these assumptions for changes in circumstances.
The weighted-average rate of compensation increase is calculated based only on the
pay-related
plans. The point-based plans discussed above are excluded from the calculation because payments made under the plan are not based on employee compensation.
The mortality rate assumptions are based on life expectancy and death rates for different types of participants.
To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, Sony considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as the historical and expected long-term rates of returns on various categories of plan assets. Sony’s pension investment policy recognizes the expected growth and the variability risk associated with the long-term nature of pension liabilities, the returns and risks of diversification across asset classes, and the correlation among assets. The asset allocations are designed to maximize returns consistent with
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levels of liquidity and investment risk that are considered prudent and reasonable. While the pension investment policy gives appropriate consideration to recent market performance and historical returns, the investment assumptions utilized by Sony are designed to achieve a long-term return consistent with the long-term nature of the corresponding pension liabilities.
The investment objectives of Sony’s plan assets are designed to generate returns that will enable the plans to meet their future obligations. The precise amount for which these obligations will be settled depends on future events, including the retirement dates and life expectancy of the plans’ participants. The obligations are estimated using actuarial assumptions, based on the current economic environment and other pertinent factors. Sony’s investment strategy balances the requirement to generate returns, using potentially higher yielding assets such as equity securities, with the need to control risk in the portfolio with less volatile assets, such as fixed-income securities. Risks include, among others, inflation, volatility in equity values and changes in interest rates that could negatively impact the funding level of the plans, thereby increasing its dependence on contributions from Sony. To mitigate any potential concentration risk, thorough consideration is given to balancing the portfolio among industry sectors and geographies, taking into account interest rate sensitivity, dependence on economic growth, currency and other factors that affect investment returns. The target allocations as of March 31, 2020, are, as a result of Sony’s asset liability management, 17% of equity securities, 54% of fixed income securities and 29% of other investments for the pension plans of Sony Corporation and most of its subsidiaries in Japan, and, on a weighted average basis, 14% of equity securities, 63% of fixed income securities and 23% of other investments for the pension plans of foreign subsidiaries.
The fair values of the assets held by Japanese and foreign plans, which are classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 2, are as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at March 31,
2019
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
10,689
     
10,689
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
140,559
     
135,713
     
4,846
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
210,817
     
     
210,817
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
97,519
     
     
97,519
     
 
Asset-backed securities
*4
   
1,537
     
     
1,537
     
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
138,455
     
     
138,455
     
 
Commodity funds
*6
   
21,674
     
     
21,674
     
 
Private equity
*7
   
27,956
     
     
     
27,956
 
Hedge funds
*8
   
71,606
     
     
     
71,606
 
Real estate and other
*9
   
21,392
     
     
     
21,392
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
742,204
     
146,402
     
474,848
     
120,954
 
                                 
 
 
 
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Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at March 31,
2020
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
24,851
     
24,851
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
50,646
     
47,308
     
3,338
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
107,478
     
1,087
     
106,391
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
71,192
     
20
     
71,172
     
 
Asset-backed securities
*4
   
1,090
     
     
1,090
     
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
58,740
     
     
58,740
     
 
Commodity funds
*6
   
21,823
     
     
21,823
     
 
Private equity
*7
   
30,191
     
     
     
30,191
 
Hedge funds
*8
   
48,410
     
     
     
48,410
 
Real estate and other
*9
   
22,785
     
     
(2,586
)
   
25,371
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
437,206
     
73,266
     
259,968
     
103,972
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 Includes approximately 51 percent and 37 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 49 percent and 63 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Includes approximately 48 percent and 36 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 52 percent and 64 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 50 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 49 percent and 45 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 5 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *6 Represents commodity futures funds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *7 Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *8 Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *9 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at
 
March 31,
2019
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
4,340
     
4,340
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
23,766
     
23,113
     
653
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
84,761
     
     
84,761
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
32,749
     
     
32,749
     
 
Asset-backed securities
   
1,115
     
     
1,115
     
 
Insurance contracts
*4
   
18,308
     
     
5,814
     
12,494
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
76,503
     
     
76,503
     
 
Real estate and other
*6
   
33,207
     
     
11,118
     
22,089
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
274,749
     
27,453
     
212,713
     
34,583
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at
 
March 31,
2020
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
4,632
     
4,632
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
18,380
     
17,762
     
618
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
93,826
     
     
93,826
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
31,769
     
     
31,769
     
 
Asset-backed securities
   
1,320
     
     
1,320
     
 
Insurance contracts
*4
   
19,334
     
     
7,156
     
12,178
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
78,280
     
     
78,280
     
 
Real estate and other
*6
   
33,569
     
     
11,272
     
22,297
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
281,110
     
22,394
     
224,241
     
34,475
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 Includes primarily foreign equity securities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Includes primarily foreign government debt securities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *6 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Each level in the fair value hierarchy in which each plan asset is classified is determined based on inputs used to measure the fair values of the asset, and does not necessarily indicate the risks or rating of the asset.
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure Japanese and foreign plan assets at fair value. The valuation techniques are applied consistently from period to period.
Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. These assets are generally classified as level 1.
The fair value of fixed income securities is typically estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and are generally classified as level 2.
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Commingled funds are typically measured using the valuation provided by the administrator of the fund and reviewed by Sony. The valuation is based on Sony’s interest in the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund minus liabilities. These assets are classified as level 1, level 2 or level 3 depending on availability of quoted market prices.
Commodity funds are valued using inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These assets are generally classified as level 2.
Private equity and private real estate investment trust valuations require significant judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such assets. These assets are initially valued at cost and are reviewed periodically utilizing available and relevant market data to determine if the carrying value of these assets should be adjusted. These investments are classified as level 3.
Hedge funds are measured using the valuation provided by the administrator or custodian of the fund and reviewed by Sony. The valuation is based on Sony’s interest in the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund minus liabilities. These investments are classified as level 3.
The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair values of Japanese and foreign plans’ level 3 assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Private equity
 
 
Hedge funds
 
 
Real estate
and other
 
 
Total
 
Beginning balance at April 1, 2018
   
24,144
     
70,204
     
19,431
     
113,779
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
4,428
     
659
     
1,622
     
6,709
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(616
)    
743
     
339
     
466
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2019
   
27,956
     
71,606
     
21,392
     
120,954
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
2,649
     
(648
)    
418
     
2,419
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(414
)    
(22,548
)    
3,561
     
(19,401
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2020
   
30,191
     
48,410
     
25,371
     
103,972
 
                                 
       
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Insurance
contracts
 
 
Corporate
bonds
 
 
Real estate
and other
 
 
Total
 
Beginning balance at April 1, 2018
   
12,729
     
5,303
     
25,976
     
44,008
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
736
     
     
559
     
1,295
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(389
)    
     
(3,809
)    
(4,198
)
Transfers, net
   
     
(5,540
)    
123
     
(5,417
)
Other
*
   
(582
)    
237
     
(760
)    
(1,105
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2019
   
12,494
     
     
22,089
     
34,583
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
559
     
     
132
     
691
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(373
)    
     
755
     
382
 
Transfers, net
   
     
     
     
 
Other
*
   
(502
)    
     
(679
)    
(1,181
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2020
   
12,178
     
     
22,297
     
34,475
 
                                 
 
 
 
  * Primarily consists of translation adjustments.
 
 
 
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Sony makes contributions to its defined benefit pension plans as deemed appropriate by management after considering the fair value of plan assets, expected return on plan assets and the present value of benefit obligations. Sony expects to contribute approximately 2 billion yen to the Japanese plans and approximately 8 billion yen to the foreign plans during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021.
The expected future benefit payments are as follows:
                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Foreign plans
 
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
37,384
     
20,825
 
2022
   
36,228
     
104,988
 
2023
   
36,985
     
12,089
 
2024
   
38,271
     
12,269
 
2025
   
37,216
     
13,074
 
2026 — 2030
   
185,218
     
112,218
 
 
 
 
(2)
Defined contribution plans
Total defined contribution expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Japanese plans
   
3,237
     
3,353
     
6,925
 
Foreign plans
   
11,379
     
11,602
     
10,313
 
 
 
 
16.
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
(1)
Common stock
Changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 have resulted from the following:
         
 
Number of shares
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
1,263,763,660
 
Issuance of new shares
   
218,000
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
2,565,700
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
4,789
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
1,266,552,149
 
Issuance of new shares
   
149,900
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
4,525,300
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
2,992
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
1,271,230,341
 
   
 
 
 
Issuance of new shares
   
184,900
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
2,294,900
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
86,040
 
Cancellation of treasury stock
   
(12,737,400
)
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
1,261,058,781
 
         
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, 36,802,040 shares of common stock would be issued upon the conversion or exercise of all convertible bonds and stock acquisition rights outstanding.
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Conversions of convertible bonds into common stock are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act of Japan (
Kaishaho
) and related regulations (collectively the “Companies Act”) by crediting approximately
one-half
of the conversion proceeds to the common stock account and the remainder to the additional
paid-in
capital account.
Sony Corporation may purchase its own shares at any time by a resolution of the Board of Directors up to the retained earnings available for dividends to shareholders, in accordance with the Companies Act.
Sony Corporation’s
Board of Directors resolved and authorized the repurchase of shares of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on February 8, 2019. During the year ended March 31, 2019, Sony
Corporation
 
repurchased
19,309,100 shares of its common stock for an amount of 100,000 million yen under the above resolution.
Sony Corporation’s
 Board of Directors resolved and authorized the repurchase of shares of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on May 16, 2019. During the year ended March 31, 2020, Sony
Corporation
 
repurchased 33,059,200 shares of its common stock for an amount of 199,999 million yen under the above resolution.
Based on the resolution of Sony
 
Corporation
’s Representative Corporate Executive Officer delegated by the Board of Directors, Sony Corporation canceled 12,737,400 shares of its common stock held as treasury stock on March 26, 2020.
(2)
Retained earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
The amount of statutory retained earnings of Sony Corporation available for dividends to shareholders as of March 31, 2020 was 683,084 million yen.
The appropriation of retained earnings for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, including cash dividends for the six-month period ended March 31, 2020, has been incorporated in the consolidated financial statements. This appropriation of retained earnings was approved by the written resolution of the Board of Directors of Sony Corporation as of May 13, 2020 and was then recorded in the statutory books of account, in accordance with the Companies Act.
Retained earnings include Sony’s equity in undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method in the amount of 46,477 million yen and 61,226 million yen at March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
(3)
Other comprehensive income
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
126,635
     
(58
)    
(308,736
)    
(436,610
)    
(618,769
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
2,013
     
(2,295
)    
1,779
     
(4,480
)    
(2,983
)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other
comprehensive income
*
   
(943
)    
1,111
     
10,611
     
(1,855
)    
8,924
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
1,070
     
(1,184
)    
12,390
     
(6,335
)    
5,941
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
1,514
     
     
98
     
2,306
     
3,918
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
126,191
     
(1,242
)    
(296,444
)    
(445,251
)    
(616,746
)
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
Adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
126,191
     
(1,242
)    
(296,444
)    
(445,251
)    
(616,746
)
Cumulative effect of
ASU2016-01
   
(15,526
)    
     
     
     
(15,526
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
33,124
     
2,316
     
(23,448
)    
10,071
     
22,063
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income
*
   
161
     
(1,093
)    
9,488
     
(1,627
)    
6,929
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
33,285
     
1,223
     
(13,960
)    
8,444
     
28,992
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
8,915
     
     
53
     
(1,578
)    
7,390
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
135,035
     
(19
)    
(310,457
)    
(435,229
)    
(610,670
)
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Debt
valuation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
135,035
     
(19
)    
(310,457
)    
(435,229
)    
     
(610,670
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
40,334
     
1,193
     
(17,519
)    
(75,814
)    
3,032
     
(48,774
)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other
comprehensive income
*
   
56
     
74
     
92,490
     
(74
   
     
92,546
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
40,390
     
1,267
     
74,971
     
(75,888
)    
3,032
     
43,772
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
14,234
     
     
34
     
(1,245
)    
1,059
     
14,082
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
161,191
     
1,248
     
(235,520
)    
(509,872
)    
1,973
     
(580,980
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                             
 
Yen in millions
   
Comprehensive income components
 
Amounts reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive income
   
Affected line items in consolidated
statements of income
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
   
(646
)    
235
     
82
   
Financial services revenue
   
(561
)    
     
   
Gain on sale of securities investments, net
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total before tax
   
(1,207
)    
235
     
82
   
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
264
     
(74
)    
(26
)  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
(943
)    
161
     
56
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
   
Cost of sales
   
     
     
106
   
Net sales
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total before tax
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
106
   
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
     
     
(32
)
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
74
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Pension liability adjustment
   
11,034
     
9,891
     
92,514
   
*
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
(423
)    
(403
)    
(24
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
10,611
     
9,488
     
92,490
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(1,855
)    
(1,627
)    
(74
)  
Foreign exchange loss, net and other operating (income) expense, net
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
     
     
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
(1,855
)    
(1,627
)    
(74
)  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
   
8,924
     
6,929
     
92,546
   
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components
is
included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.
 
 
 
(4)
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
      2018      
 
 
      2019      
 
 
      2020      
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
490,794
     
916,271
     
582,191
 
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:
   
     
     
 
Increase (decrease) in additional
paid-in
capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries
   
(74
)    
(22,775
)    
16,372
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests
   
490,720
     
893,496
     
598,563
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony acquired from the Estate of Michael Jackson (the “Estate”) the 25.1% interest in Nile Acquisition LLC (“Nile”) held by the Estate. A total of 287.5 million U.S.
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dollars was paid to the Estate for the acquisition. The difference between the cash consideration paid and the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as a decrease to additional
paid-in
capital of 295.9 million U.S. dollars. As a result of the acquisition, Nile became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.
On November 18, 2019, Sony, through a wholly-owned subsidiary in the Pictures segment, acquired AT&T Inc.’s (“AT&T”) 42% equity interest in Game Show Network, LLC (“Game Show Network”), a U.S.-based media network subsidiary. As a result of this acquisition, Game Show Network has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. Sony paid 53,992 million yen (496 million U.S. dollars) to AT&T, including 129 million U.S. dollars of dividends Sony distributed to AT&T prior to the acquisition. The difference between the cash paid and the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as an increase to additional
paid-in
capital.
17.
Stock-based compensation plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 5,249 million yen, 5,499 million yen and 5,958 million yen, respectively.
Sony has a stock-based compensation incentive plan for selected directors, corporate executive officers and employees in the form of a stock acquisition rights plan. The stock acquisition rights generally have three year graded vesting schedules and are exercisable up to ten years from the date of grant.
The total cash received from exercises under all of the stock acquisition rights plans during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 7,129 million yen, 12,757 million yen and 7,560 million yen, respectively. Sony issued new shares of common stock upon exercise of these rights.
The weighted-average fair value per share at the date of grant of stock acquisition rights granted during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 2,045 yen, 1,593 yen and 1,864 yen, respectively. The fair value of stock acquisition rights granted on the date of grant and used to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
        2018        
 
 
        2019        
 
 
        2020        
 
Weighted-average assumptions
   
     
     
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
1.14
%    
1.37
%    
0.70
%
Expected lives
   
6.55
 years    
5.98
 years    
5.73
 years
Expected volatility
*
   
38.49
%    
32.52
%    
29.30
%
Expected dividends
   
0.40
%    
0.35
%    
0.32
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the activities regarding the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:
                                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Number of
shares
 
 
Weighted-
average
exercise price
 
 
Weighted-
average
remaining life
 
 
Total
intrinsic
value
 
 
 
 
Yen
 
 
Years
 
 
Yen in millions
 
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year
   
12,213,900
     
3,665
     
     
 
Granted
   
3,279,700
     
6,669
     
     
 
Exercised
   
2,294,900
     
3,294
     
     
 
Forfeited or expired
   
322,000
     
5,500
     
     
 
                                 
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year
   
12,876,700
     
4,982
     
7.52
     
19,459
 
                                 
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year
   
6,235,700
     
3,581
     
6.43
     
15,552
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The total intrinsic value of shares exercised under the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 6,970 million yen, 13,325 million yen and 7,575 million yen, respectively.
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As of March 31, 2020, there was 5,912
 million yen
 
of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock acquisition rights. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.97
years.
18.
Kumamoto Earthquake
 
 
 
 
 
 
In April 2016, a series of earthquakes occurred in the Kumamoto region of Japan. These earthquakes caused damage to certain fixed assets, including buildings, machinery and equipment, as well as inventories in manufacturing sites located in the Kumamoto region.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony incurred incremental losses and associated expenses including repair costs of fixed assets and a loss on disposal of inventories directly related to the damage caused by the earthquakes of 16,682 million yen. These losses and expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income and were offset by insurance recoveries of 10,682 million yen, as described below. In addition, Sony incurred other expenses of 9,365 million yen, which included idle facility costs at manufacturing sites. These expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income.
Sony has insurance policies that cover certain damage directly caused by the earthquakes for Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, including damage at manufacturing sites. The insurance policies cover the damage and costs associated with fixed assets and inventories, as well as incremental expenses including removal and cleaning costs. These policies also provide business interruption coverage, including coverage for lost profits. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony recorded insurance receivables of 10,682 million yen, representing a portion of the insurance recoveries that were deemed probable of collection up to the extent of the amount of corresponding losses recognized in the same period. Of the insurance receivables recorded during the period, substantially all relate to damaged assets and inventories, and do not include amounts for business interruption or lost profits. Sony concluded that the recoveries from insurance claims are probable based on the coverage under valid policies, communications with the insurance carriers, Sony’s past claims history with the insurance carriers, and Sony’s assessment that the insurance carriers have the financial ability to pay the claims. In March 2017, 10,000 million yen was agreed to by the insurance carriers. These receivables are recorded within other receivables, whereas the remaining receivables of 682 million yen is recorded in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.
Sony has underwritten 2,000 million yen in reinsurance policies for the above insurance carriers related to the policy described above. The amount was recorded in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and was paid to the insurance carriers in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
In April 2017, the remaining insurance claims of 10,000 million yen that were mainly for business interruption coverage were agreed to by the carriers. As a result, the total amount of insurance recoveries paid to Sony in April 2017 was 20,000 million yen. 9,318 million yen, which was the difference between 20,000 million yen and 10,682 million yen as described above, was recorded in other operating revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The proceeds from insurance recoveries were presented as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
19.
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Contract balances
Receivables from contracts with customers, contract assets and contract liabilities are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March
 
3
1,
2019
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Receivables from contracts with customers
*1
   
1,183,115
     
1,126,597
 
Contract assets
*1
   
19,147
     
13,985
 
Contract liabilities
*2
   
254,646
     
271,286
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*1
Receivables from contracts with customers and contract assets are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets” and “Other”,
non-current.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  *2 Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and
non-current.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract liabilities principally relate to customer advances received prior to performance. Revenues of 204,265 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, which were included in the balance of contract liabilities at
March 31
, 2019. Revenues of 61,706 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 from performance obligations satisfied prior to March 31, 2019.
(2)
Performance obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations represent future revenues not yet recorded for firm orders that have not yet been performed. Sony applies practical expedients to exclude certain information about the remaining performance obligations, primarily related to contracts with an expected original duration of less than one year, and sales-based or usage-based royalty revenue on licenses of intellectual property. The following table shows the summary of the transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied at March 31, 2020, of which more than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.
         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Pictures — Motion Pictures and Television Productions
*1
   
569,081
 
Pictures — Media Networks
   
22,333
 
Music
*2
   
44,971
 
Others
   
47,126
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include the potential for sales-based or usage-based royalties to exceed the minimum guarantees, and these additional royalties are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3)
Contract costs
Contract costs are comprised as follows:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
,
2019
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract
   
6,581
     
7,464
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony applies practical expedients to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. The amortization of 6,420 million yen was recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are primarily recognized in the EP&S segment for the internet-related service business and amortized to expense over the contract period.
(4)
Disaggregation of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the breakdown of sales and operating revenue by segments, product categories and geographies, refer to Note 29.
20.
Restructuring charges
 
 
 
 
 
 
As part of its effort to improve the performance of the various businesses, Sony has undertaken a number of restructuring initiatives. Sony defines restructuring initiatives as activities initiated by Sony, which are designed
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to generate a positive impact on future profitability. These activities include exiting a business or product category, implementing a headcount reduction program, realignment of its manufacturing sites to
low-cost
areas, utilizing the services of third-party original equipment and design manufacturers (OEMs and ODMs), a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions. The restructuring activities are generally short term in nature and are generally completed within one year of initiation.
The changes in the accrued restructuring charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Non-cash

write-downs
and disposals,
net
*
 
 
Other
associated
costs
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
11,634
     
     
9,167
     
20,801
 
Restructuring costs
   
18,999
     
2,233
     
1,147
     
22,379
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(2,233
)    
     
(2,233
)
Cash payments
   
(9,950
)    
     
(6,352
)    
(16,302
)
Adjustments
   
(1,197
)    
     
226
     
(971
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
19,486
     
     
4,188
     
23,674
 
Restructuring costs
   
24,449
     
2,731
     
5,825
     
33,005
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(2,731
)    
     
(2,731
)
Cash payments
   
(19,150
)    
     
(2,555
)    
(21,705
)
Adjustments
   
955
     
     
(357
)    
598
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
25,740
     
     
7,101
     
32,841
 
Restructuring costs
   
22,957
     
100
     
1,653
     
24,710
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(100
)    
     
(100
)
Cash payments
   
(23,385
)    
     
(6,703
)    
(30,088
)
Adjustments
   
(674
)    
     
(131
)    
(805
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
24,638
     
     
1,920
     
26,558
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
6,358
     
272
     
6,630
     
     
6,630
 
Pictures
   
2,922
     
     
2,922
     
     
2,922
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
3,384
     
118
     
3,502
     
0
     
3,502
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
28
     
     
28
     
     
28
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
6,307
     
2,990
     
9,297
     
26
     
9,323
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
18,999
     
3,380
     
22,379
     
26
     
22,405
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
2,991
     
201
     
3,192
     
     
3,192
 
Pictures
   
4,795
     
     
4,795
     
     
4,795
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
11,437
     
4,574
     
16,011
     
86
     
16,097
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
     
     
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
5,226
     
3,781
     
9,007
     
     
9,007
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
24,449
     
8,556
     
33,005
     
86
     
33,091
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
3,179
     
6
     
3,185
     
     
3,185
 
Pictures
   
545
     
     
545
     
     
545
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
14,500
     
227
     
14,727
     
     
14,727
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
     
     
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
4,733
     
1,520
     
6,253
     
256
     
6,509
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
22,957
     
1,753
     
24,710
     
256
     
24,966
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Other associated costs includes
non-cash
write-downs and disposals, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation associated with restructured assets as used in the context of the disclosures regarding restructuring activities refers to the increase in depreciation expense caused by revising the useful life and the salvage value of depreciable fixed assets under an approved restructuring plan. Any impairment of the assets is recognized immediately in the period it is identified.
Retirement programs
Sony has undergone several headcount reduction programs to further reduce operating costs primarily in an effort to improve the performance of certain segments related to the EP&S segment and reduce cost at the headquarters function. Through measures including the realignment of its manufacturing sites, a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions, Sony has continued to implement a company-wide (including headquarters) rationalization. Sony intends to reallocate and optimize its workforce through programs including work reassignments and outplacements. The employee termination benefits costs in the above table are included in selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of income.
Music
In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Music segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 6,630 million yen, 3,192 million yen and 3,185 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020
,
respectively.
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Pictures
In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Pictures segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 4,795 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31
,
201
9
.
There were no significant charges for the Pictures segment during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
EP&S
In an effort to improve the performance of each business, mainly the smartphone business in the EP&S segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting profitability improvement. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of the closure and consolidation of manufacturing sites as well as sales offices overseas totaling 16,011 million yen and 14,727 million yen for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020
,
respectively.
21.
Supplemental consolidated statements of income information
 
 
 
 
(1)
Other operating (income) expense, net
 
 
 
 
Sony records transactions in other operating (income)
expense, net due to either the nature of the transaction or in consideration of factors including the relationship to Sony’s core operations.
Other operating (income)
expense, net is comprised of the following:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Gain on sale of Sony City Osaki
*1
   
(4,914
)    
     
 
Gain on remeasurement of EMI shares
*2
   
     
(116,939
)    
 
Gain on remeasurement and sale of SRE shares
*3
 
   
     
     
(17,266
)
Gain on remeasurement of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. shares
*4
   
     
     
(1,827
)
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net
*5
   
(29,613
)    
(1,557
)    
(12,801
)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net
*6
   
38,599
     
46,928
     
29,778
 
Other
   
     
     
(1,495
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
4,072
     
(71,568
)    
(3,611
)
                         
 
 
 
 
*1 A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
 
 
 
*2 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.
 
 
 
 
*3 Refer to Note 5.
 
 
 
 
*4 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.
 
 
 
 
*5 Refer to Notes 25 and 26.
 
 
 
 
*6 Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.
 
 
 
 
(2)
Research and development costs
 
 
 
 
Research and development costs charged to cost of sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 458,518 million yen, 481,202 million yen and 499,290 million yen, respectively.
(3)
Advertising costs
 
 
 
 
Advertising costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 407,106 million yen, 385,500 million yen and 359,458 million yen, respectively.
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(4)
Shipping and handling costs
 
 
 
 
Shipping and handling costs for finished goods included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 46,252 million yen, 51,757 million yen and 46,196 million yen, respectively, which included the internal transportation costs of finished goods.
22.
Income taxes
Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the provision for current and deferred income taxes attributable to such income are summarized as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Income before income taxes:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
436,494
     
310,020
     
466,253
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
262,555
     
701,628
     
333,197
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
699,049
     
1,011,648
     
799,450
 
                         
Income taxes—Current:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
69,697
     
82,081
     
105,755
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
57,988
     
84,667
     
66,636
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
127,685
     
166,748
     
172,391
 
                         
Income taxes—Deferred:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
29,640
     
17,907
     
9,421
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
(5,555
)    
(139,557
)    
(4,622
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
24,085
     
(121,650
)    
4,799
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total income tax expense
   
151,770
     
45,098
     
177,190
 
                         
 
 
 
 
A reconciliation of the differences between the Japanese statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:
                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Statutory tax rate
   
31.5
%    
31.5
%    
31.5
%
Non-deductible
expenses
   
0.8
     
0.7
     
0.3
 
Income tax credits
   
(0.6
)    
(1.6
)    
(1.7
)
Change in statutory tax rate and law
   
(1.2
)    
(0.3
)    
(0.4
)
Change in valuation allowances (other than the 2019 reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. (“SAHI”) and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below)
   
(5.2
)    
2.3
     
(8.1
)
The 2019 reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group
   
     
(15.3
)    
 
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures
   
(0.8
)    
(0.1
)    
0.2
 
Lower tax rate applied to life and
non-life
insurance business in Japan
   
(0.8
)    
(0.5
)    
(0.6
)
Foreign income tax differential
   
(2.6
)    
(6.4
)    
(2.4
)
Adjustments to tax reserves
   
(0.8
)    
(0.3
)    
0.9
 
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies
   
0.0
     
0.0
     
0.0
 
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI
   
     
(2.4
)    
 
Japan controlled foreign company taxation
   
     
0.0
     
5.3
 
Other
   
1.4
     
(3.1
)    
(2.8
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Effective income tax rate
   
21.7
%    
4.5
%    
22.2
%
                         
 
 
 
 
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On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Reform Act was signed into law, making significant changes to the U.S. tax rules. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2018 and the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system, with a
one-time
mandatory transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings of U.S. subsidiaries.
In addition to lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the U.S. Tax Reform Act also eliminated certain deductions, included new restrictions on the deduction for interest, introduced a new tax regime called the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax or “BEAT”, and changed how foreign earnings of the U.S. group are subject to tax. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also enhanced and extended the option to claim accelerated depreciation and amortization deductions by allowing full expensing of qualified property, including film costs, through 2022. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also provided for beneficial treatment of certain income derived by a U.S. entity from outside the United States (referred to as Foreign Derived Intangible Income or “FDII”).
The BEAT creates a minimum tax on multinational corporations by requiring companies subject to the BEAT to pay the greater of their regular tax liability (less certain credits, including foreign tax credits) or 10% for taxable years beginning in 2019 (6.25% for
the
 fiscal year ended March 31. 2019) of a modified tax base which adds back certain related party payments. The BEAT comparison to regular tax must be done each year if the taxpayer’s “base erosion” related party payments exceed 3% of total deductions on its U.S. tax return. The U
.
S
.
Treasury Department issued regulations which allow taxpayers to elect to forego deductions in order to stay below the 3% threshold. Sony initially expected to exceed the 3% threshold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, but upon further detailed analysis at the time of the tax return filing, determined that it would be below the 3% threshold and therefore could use foreign tax credits to offset its regular tax liability. Sony believes it will be below the 3% threshold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, and if not, would be able to avail itself of the election in the regulations that allows it to forego deductions to come under the threshold. Accordingly, Sony has provided for its taxes assuming the U
.
S
.
regular tax liability
is
offset by tax credits. Sony is required to determine if it is subject to the BEAT on an annual basis,
to
account for
th
e
BEAT as a period cost and to record deferred taxes at the regular statutory rate. Accordingly, Sony has recorded its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21%.
Sony provides a valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets, which includes net operating losses, temporary differences and tax credits, when it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the relevant tax jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2018, SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group has continued its profitable trend, primarily as a result of the G&NS segment and the Music segment. Based on an assessment of the available positive and negative evidence, in the quarter ended December 31, 2018, Sony reversed the valuation allowances
established
against a significant portion of the deferred tax assets in the United States, primarily for net operating losses, temporary differences and certain tax credits, and recorded a tax benefit of 154,201 million yen.
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The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Deferred tax assets:
   
     
 
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes
   
413,494
     
348,714
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
103,652
     
77,559
 
Amortization including film costs
   
86,196
     
65,349
 
Lease liability
 
 
 
 
 
100,720
 
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses
   
108,515
     
116,234
 
Future insurance policy benefits
   
36,683
     
42,056
 
Inventory
   
19,716
     
15,512
 
Depreciation
   
34,638
     
39,085
 
Tax credit carryforwards
   
117,471
     
94,900
 
Loss on equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
11,815
 
Reserve for doubtful accounts
   
9,136
     
9,090
 
Impairment of investments
   
12,278
     
6,029
 
Deferred revenue
   
19,081
     
24,420
 
Other
   
169,897
     
122,591
 
           
 
 
 
Gross deferred tax assets
   
1,130,757
     
1,074,074
 
Less: Valuation allowance
   
(723,114
)    
(608,243
)
           
 
 
 
Total deferred tax assets
   
407,643
     
465,831
 
           
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
   
     
 
Insurance acquisition costs
   
(169,244
)    
(170,868
)
Future insurance policy benefits
   
(181,052
)    
(193,315
)
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment
   
(44,842
)    
(26,214
)
Right-of-use assets
 
 
 
 
 
(96,970
)
Unrealized gains on securities
   
(75,573
)    
(92,791
)
Gain on equity securities
   
(33,082
)    
 
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings
   
(23,949
)    
(23,949
)
Intangible assets derived from EMI Music Publishing acquisition
   
(93,979
)    
(89,909
)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures
   
(15,758
)    
(25,359
)
Investment in M3
   
(37,007
)    
(38,303
)
Other
   
(62,092
)    
(47,319
)
           
 
 
 
Gross deferred tax liabilities
   
(736,578
)    
(804,997
)
           
 
 
 
Net deferred tax liabilities
   
(328,935
)    
(339,166
)
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony continued to maintain valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets at Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan, as well as at Sony Mobile Communications in Sweden, Sony Europe B.V. in the United Kingdom, certain subsidiaries in Brazil, and certain subsidiaries in other tax jurisdictions. Valuation allowances also continue to be established on the remaining U.S. deferred tax assets, primarily foreign tax credits and certain research and development credits. Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan established
a
valuation allowance
 
of 274,761 
million yen relating to national
 tax and 125,465 million
yen relating to local tax.
For the deferred tax assets related to national tax in Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan, the valuation allowance is still established except for the amounts expected to be offset with taxable temporary differences as of March 31, 2020.
Due to the uncertainty of the forecast of future income impacted by the spread of COVID-19 from early 2020, the valuation allowance established against the net deferred tax assets that are attributable to Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan was not reversed, even partially, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 despite several years of profitability.
The net changes in the total valuation allowance were decreases of 152,129 million yen, 176,721 million yen and 114,871 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 was primarily due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets for both the national tax filing group in Japan and the consolidated tax filing group in the United States. The U.S. deferred tax assets were also reduced as a result of the reduction in the tax rate under the U.S. Tax Reform Act which had a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance on those assets. In addition, valuation allowances were reversed in several jurisdictions, including France and Canada, as a result of sustained profitability.
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The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was due to the reversal of the valuation allowances on significant deferred tax assets in SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group and the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in the national tax filing group in Japan and other jurisdictions.
The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in the national tax filing group in Japan and the use of foreign tax credits and certain research and development credits in the consolidated tax filing group in the United States.
At March 31, 2020, 16,312 million yen of deferred income taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future totaling 1,019,525 million yen. In addition, deferred income taxes have not been provided on the gain on the book/tax basis difference in subsidiaries, including a gain of 61,544 million yen on a subsidiary’s sale of stock arising from the issuance of common stock of Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. in a public offering to third parties in November 1991 and the remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI (Refer to Note 25). Sony does not anticipate any significant tax consequences on the possible future disposition of these investments based on its tax planning strategies.
At March 31, 2020, Sony had net operating loss carryforwards, the tax effect of which totaled 348,714 million yen, which may be available as an offset against future taxable income on tax returns to be filed in various tax jurisdictions. With the exception of 96,890 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2021 and 2024.
Tax credit carryforwards at March 31, 2020 amounted to 94,900 million yen. With the exception of 15,059 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total available tax credit carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2021 and 2030.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year
   
119,529
     
95,425
     
50,577
 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
   
(8,809
)    
(31,396
)    
(331
)
Additions for tax positions of prior years
   
4,681
     
3,094
     
162
 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
   
5,740
     
2,594
     
8,074
 
Settlements
   
(21,893
)    
(4,235
)    
(13,240
)
Lapse in statute of limitations
   
(3,469
)    
(14,824
)    
(1,251
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(354
)    
(81
)    
(2,723
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at end of the fiscal year
   
95,425
     
50,577
     
41,268
 
                         
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate
   
39,308
     
35,004
     
29,539
 
 
 
 
The major changes in the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefit balances relate to transfer pricing adjustments, including as a result of the Bilateral Advance Pricing Agreements (“APAs”) and competent authority requests filed for certain subsidiaries in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments and All Other, with respect to the intercompany cross-border transactions. The APAs include agreements between Sony and two taxing authorities under the authority of the mutual agreement procedure specified in income tax treaties. Sony reviews its estimated tax expense based on the progress made in these procedures, and the progress of transfer pricing audits generally, and makes adjustments to its estimates as necessary. In addition, the APAs are government to government negotiations, and therefore it is possible that the final outcomes of the agreements may differ from Sony’s current assessment of the
more-likely-than-not
outcomes of such agreements.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony recorded 1,053 million yen of interest expense and 876 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2018, Sony had recorded liabilities of 10,788 million yen and 4,637 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.
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During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony reversed 1,479 million yen of interest expense and recorded 218 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2019, Sony had recorded liabilities of 9,309 million yen and 4,855 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony re
versed
 1,276 million yen of interest expense and re
corded
 117 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2020, Sony had recorded liabilities of 8,033 million yen and 4,971 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.
Sony operates in multiple jurisdictions throughout the world, and its tax returns are periodically audited by Japanese and foreign taxing authorities. As a result of audit settlements, the conclusion of current examinations, the expiration of the statute of limitations in several jurisdictions and other reevaluations of Sony’s tax positions, it is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months. Accordingly, Sony believes it is reasonably possible that its existing unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by an amount up to 1,791 million yen within the next twelve months.
Sony remains subject to examinations by Japanese taxing authorities for tax years from 2010 through 2019, and by the U.S. tax authorities for tax years from
2016 through 2019 and other material foreign taxing authorities for tax years from 2006 through 2019.
23.
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 is as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation
   
490,794
     
916,271
     
582,191
 
                         
       
 
Thousands of shares
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding
   
1,263,895
     
1,266,592
     
1,234,408
 
Effect of dilutive securities:
   
     
     
 
Stock acquisition rights
   
4,565
     
4,088
     
3,853
 
Zero coupon convertible bonds
   
23,960
     
23,966
     
23,994
 
                   
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation
   
1,292,420
     
1,294,646
     
1,262,255
 
                         
       
 
Yen
 
Basic EPS
   
388.32
     
723.41
     
471.64
 
                         
Diluted EPS
   
379.75
     
707.74
     
461.23
 
                         
 
 
 
Potential shares of common stock which were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 2,921 thousand shares, 5,731 thousand shares and 3,212 thousand shares, respectively. Potential shares related to stock acquisition rights were excluded as anti-dilutive for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 when the exercise price for those shares was in excess of the average market value of Sony’s common stock for those fiscal years. The zero coupon convertible bonds issued in July 2015 were included in the diluted EPS calculation under the
if-converted
method beginning upon issuance.
24.
Variable interest entities
 
 
 
Sony has entered into various arrangements with VIEs.
(1
)
Consolidated VIEs
 
 
 
Sony’s U.S. subsidiary that is engaged in the recorded music business has entered into several joint ventures with companies involved in the production and creation of recorded music. Sony has reviewed these joint
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ventures and determined that they are VIEs. Based on a qualitative assessment, it was determined that Sony has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance, as well as the obligation to absorb the losses of these VIEs as Sony is responsible for providing funding to these VIEs, and in most cases absorbs all losses until the VIEs become profitable. As a result, it has been determined that Sony is the primary beneficiary and, accordingly, these VIEs are consolidated by Sony. The assets of Sony are not available to settle the obligations of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2020, the total assets and liabilities for these VIEs, on an aggregate basis, were 46,154 million yen and 25,100 million yen, respectively.
(2)
Unconsolidated VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
As described in Note 6, certain accounts receivable sales programs also involve VIEs. These VIEs are all special purpose entities associated with the sponsor banks. Based on a qualitative assessment, Sony is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these entities as Sony does not have the power to direct the activities, an obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive the residual returns of these VIEs. Sony’s maximum exposure to losses from these VIEs is considered insignificant.
In the Financial Services segment, Sony has variable interests in VIEs where Sony is not the primary beneficiary. Sony’s variable interests in such VIEs include equity securities, securitized products, foreign corporate bonds and other investments.
The following tables present the carrying value of the variable interests of unconsolidated VIEs, the presentation in the consolidated balance sheet, and the maximum exposure to loss associated with these variable interests as of March 31, 2019 and 2020. Maximum exposure to loss does not reflect Sony’s estimate of the actual losses that could result from adverse changes, nor does it reflect the economic hedges Sony enters into to reduce its exposure. The risks associated with VIEs in which Sony is involved are limited to the amount recorded in the consolidated balance sheets and the amount of commitments.
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance
sheets
 
 
Maximum
exposure to loss
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Prepaid
expenses and
other current
assets
 
Equity securities
*1
 
 
135,552
 
 
 
8,485
 
 
 
 
 
 
146,031
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
191,049
 
 
 
 
 
 
195,190
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
 
 
29,889
 
 
 
65,503
 
 
 
 
 
 
95,392
 
Other investments
 
 
 
 
 
4,688
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
25,688
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
165,441
 
 
 
269,725
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
462,301
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance
sheets
 
 
Maximum
exposure to loss
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Prepaid
expenses and
other current
assets
 
Equity securities
*1
 
 
579,773
 
 
 
6,229
 
 
 
 
 
 
587,602
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
210,641
 
 
 
 
 
 
210,641
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
 
 
41,452
 
 
 
41,036
 
 
 
 
 
 
82,488
 
Other investments
 
 
 
 
 
16,253
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
43,719
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
621,225
 
 
 
274,159
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
924,450
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*1
Equity securities include Investment funds.
 
 
 
 
 
*2
Foreign corporate bonds include repackaged bonds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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25.
Acquisitions
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
EMI Music Publishing acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
 
On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing, for the equity purchase price of 257,168 million yen (2,269 million U.S. dollars), which includes payments related to warrants and management equity plans. Sony paid all the consideration in cash upon the acquisition. As a result of this acquisition, EMI has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. This acquisition allows Sony to build upon its music publishing library by providing the Company with full ownership of the EMI Music Publishing catalog which was being administered by Sony’s wholly-owned music publishing subsidiary, Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 28,871 million yen (260 million U.S. dollars) and 6,432 million yen (58 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI since the date of acquisition. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 18,420 million yen (167 million U.S. dollars) and 4,522 million yen (41 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI.
Prior to the acquisition, Sony’s interest in EMI was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As a result of Sony obtaining a controlling interest in EMI, Sony consolidated EMI using the acquisition method of accounting and recorded the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities assumed and residual goodwill of EMI. Sony remeasured the approximately 40% equity interest in EMI that Sony already owned prior to the acquisition at a fair value of 141,141 million yen (1,245 million U.S. dollars) which resulted in the recognition of a
non-cash
gain of 116,939 million yen (1,032 million U.S. dollars) recorded in other operating income, net for the three months ended December 31, 2018. Sony did not record any tax expense or deferred tax liability corresponding to this gain. Sony also assumed EMI’s existing interest-bearing debt of 148,621 million yen (1,311 million U.S. dollars) as a result of this acquisition, of which 108,942 million yen (961 million U.S. dollars) was repaid immediately from Sony’s existing cash.
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The following table summarizes the preliminary and final fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities of EMI that were recorded in the Music segment. Certain areas of the purchase price allocation were not yet finalized as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, including the valuation of income taxes and residual goodwill.
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Acquired assets
and liabilities
recorded at fair
value as of
acquisition date
(Preliminary)
 
 
Measurement
period
adjustments
 
 
Acquired assets
and liabilities
recorded at fair
value as of
acquisition date
(Final)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
12,971
     
     
12,971
 
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets
   
32,287
     
     
32,287
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
10,220
     
(98
)    
10,122
 
Securities investments and other
   
1,476
     
     
1,476
 
Intangibles, net
   
420,534
     
     
420,534
 
Goodwill
   
237,271
     
(1,206
)    
236,065
 
Other
   
10,023
     
     
10,023
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
724,782
     
(1,304
)    
723,478
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Notes and accounts payable, trade
   
1,731
     
     
1,731
 
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses
   
70,675
     
     
70,675
 
Accrued income and other taxes
   
3,082
     
(69
)    
3,013
 
Long-term debt
   
148,621
     
     
148,621
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
1,947
     
     
1,947
 
Deferred income taxes
   
94,849
     
(1,235
)    
93,614
 
Other
   
5,564
     
     
5,564
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
326,469
     
(1,304
)    
325,165
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangibles mainly consists of music publishing catalogs with weighted average amortization periods of 43 years. Goodwill represents unidentifiable intangible assets, such as future growth from new revenue streams and synergies with existing Sony assets and businesses, and is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is included in the Music segment.
The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Sony and EMI as though the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018: 
                 
 
Yen in millions,
Yen per share amounts
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
Net sales
   
8,612,280
     
8,738,209
 
Operating income
   
854,786
     
801,973
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
584,019
     
817,629
 
Per share data:
   
     
 
— Basic EPS
   
462.08
     
645.53
 
— Diluted EPS
   
451.88
     
631.55
 
 
 
 
 
 
The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is based on estimates and assumptions, which Sony believes are reasonable, and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what Sony’s consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders would have been had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and should not be taken as indicative of Sony’s future
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consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders. The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information includes the elimination of equity in net income and consolidation of EMI, the adjustment of the gain from the remeasurement of the previously owned equity interest, incremental intangible asset amortization, net of the related tax effects and the adjustments of expenses incurred in relation to warrants and management equity plans.
(2)
Insomniac Games, Inc. acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
On November 15, 2019, Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary in the G&NS segment of Sony, completed the acquisition of Insomniac Games, Inc. (“Insomniac Games”), a game developer. The consideration for this acquisition of 24,895 million yen (229 million U.S. dollars) was mainly paid in cash. As a result of this acquisition, Insomniac Games has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.
As a result of this acquisition, Sony recorded 17,945 million yen (164 million U.S. dollars) of goodwill and 6,794 million yen (62 million U.S. dollars) of intangible assets. The cash consideration paid in this transaction, net of cash received, is included within Other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.
(3)
Silvergate Media acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
On December 9, 2019, Sony, through a wholly-owned subsidiary in the Pictures segment, acquired Silvergate Media Group (“Silvergate”), a company focused on developing, producing and licensing children’s animation. The consideration for this acquisition of 21,017 million yen (192 million U.S. dollars) was paid in cash. As a result of this acquisition, Sony owns (1) 100% of Silvergate Topco Limited, which holds all assets of Silvergate other than certain rights held by Silvergate BP Bidco Limited, and (2) 31% of Silvergate BP Bidco Limited, the entity through which Silvergate produces its Peter Rabbit television series, and Sony recorded 11,431 million yen (106 million U.S. dollars) of goodwill and 3,387 million yen (32 million U.S. dollars) of intangible assets. The cash consideration paid in this transaction, net of cash received, is included within Other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.
(4)
Acquisition of equity interests in joint ventures in the life insurance business
 
 
 
 
 
On January 29, 2020, Sony Life, Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, acquired 50% of the shares of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”) from AEGON International B.V. The purchase price for the acquisition was 18,750 million yen and Sony Life paid all the consideration in cash upon the acquisition. As a result of this acquisition, Sony Life owns 100% of the shares of the JVs and the JVs have become consolidated subsidiaries of Sony. Sony Life will endeavor to make use of the strength and
know-how
of the variable annuity business accumulated by AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd, strengthen the initiatives for the senior market, and improve earnings in an early stage by enhancing efficiency through integrated operation and organizational management. AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. has changed its name to “Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd.,”
as of
April 1, 2020.
Prior to the acquisition, Sony’s interest in the JVs was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As a result of Sony obtaining a controlling interest in the JVs, Sony consolidated the JVs using the acquisition method of accounting and recorded the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities assumed and residual goodwill of the JVs. Sony remeasured
the 50%
equity interest in the JVs that Sony already owned prior to the acquisition at a fair value
of 13,932 
million yen which resulted in the recognition of a
non-cash
gain
of 1,827 
million yen recorded in other operating income, net. Sony did not record any tax expense or deferred tax liability corresponding to this gain.
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The following table summarizes the fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities of the JVs that were recorded in the Financial Services segment.
         
 
Yen in millions
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
27,380
 
Marketable securities
   
530,851
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
21,933
 
Securities investments and other
   
15,329
 
Goodwill
   
3,609
 
Other
   
406
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
599,508
 
   
 
 
 
Future insurance policy benefits and other
   
66,599
 
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
495,248
 
Other
   
4,979
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
566,826
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill represents the expected improvement of profitability due to business integration with Sony Life and operational efficiency, and is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is included in the Financial Services segment.
Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.
(5)
Other acquisitions
 
 
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 27,459 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 20,013 million yen of goodwill and 4,980 million yen of intangible assets.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 7,743 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 5,773 million yen of goodwill and 4,422 million yen of intangible assets.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 6,853 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 6,778 million yen of goodwill and 2,301 million yen of intangible assets.
No significant amounts have been allocated to
in-process
research and development and all of the entities described above have been consolidated into Sony’s results of operations since their respective acquisition dates. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of other acquisitions, individually and in aggregate, were not material.
26.
Divestitures
 
 
 
Sale of equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd.
On April 1, 2017, Sony transferred all of the equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd. (“SEH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary in the I&SS segment that manufactures camera modules, to Shen Zhen
O-Film
Tech Co., Ltd. The consideration for the transfer is approximately 234 million U.S. dollars, including the assumption of SEH’s debt and the sales price of approximately 95 million U.S. dollars. As the result of the transfer, Sony recognized a gain on transfer totaling 28,262 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
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27.
Collaborative arrangements
 
 
Sony’s collaborative arrangements primarily relate to arrangements entered into, through subsidiaries in the Pictures segment, with one or more active participants to jointly finance, produce and/or distribute motion pictures or television programming under which both the subsidiaries and the other active participants share in the risks and rewards of ownership. These arrangements are referred to as
co-production
and distribution arrangements.
Sony typically records an asset for only the portion of the motion pictures or television programming it owns and finances. Sony and the other participants typically distribute the product in different media or markets. Revenues earned and expenses incurred for the media or markets in which Sony distributes the product are typically recorded on a gross basis. Sony typically does not record revenues earned and expenses incurred when the other participants distribute the product. Sony and the other participants typically share in the profits from the distribution of the product in all media or markets. For motion pictures, if Sony is a net receiver of (1) Sony’s share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants less (2) the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony then the net amount is recorded as net sales. If Sony is a net payer then the net amount is recorded in cost of sales. For television programming, Sony records its share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants as sales, and the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony as cost of sales.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, 49,547 million yen, 42,343 million yen and 33,921 million yen, respectively, were recorded as net sales for amounts due from the other participants and 24,280 million yen, 22,702 million yen and 21,052 million yen, respectively, were recorded as cost of sales for amounts owed to the other participants in these collaborative arrangements.
28.
Commitments, contingent liabilities and other
 
 
 
(1)
Loan commitments
 
 
 
Subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have entered into loan agreements with their customers in accordance with the condition of the contracts. As of March 31, 2020, the total unused portion of the lines of credit extended under these contracts was 34,306 million yen. Based upon the information currently available, it is not possible to estimate the aggregate amounts of future
year-by-year
payments for these loan commitments.
(2)
Purchase commitments and other
 
 
 
Purchase commitments and other outstanding as of March 31, 2020 amounted to 684,911 million yen. The major components of these commitments are as follows:
Certain subsidiaries in the Pictures segment have entered into agreements with creative talent for the development and production of motion pictures and television programming as well as agreements with third parties to acquire completed motion pictures, or certain rights therein, and to acquire the rights to broadcast certain live action sporting events. These agreements cover various periods mainly within three years. As of March 31, 2020, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments under such contracts of 126,917 million yen.
Certain subsidiaries in the Music segment have entered into contracts with recording artists, songwriters and companies for the future production, distribution and/or licensing of music product. These contracts cover various periods mainly within five years. As of March 31, 2020, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments of 128,678 million yen under such contracts.
Certain subsidiaries in the G&NS segment have entered into long-term contracts for the development, distribution and publishing of game software. These contracts cover various periods mainly within eight years. As of March 31, 2020, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments of 29,243 million yen under such contracts.
Sony has entered into purchase contracts for fixed assets. As of March 31, 2020, Sony has committed to make payments of 199,145 million yen under such contracts.
Sony has entered into purchase contracts for materials. As of March 31, 2020, Sony has committed to make payments of 115,670 million yen under such contracts.
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Sony has entered into sponsorship contracts related to advertising and promotional rights. These contracts cover various periods mainly within one year. As of March 31, 2020, Sony has committed to make payments of 5,162 million yen under such contracts.
The schedule of the aggregate amounts of
year-by-year
payment of purchase commitments during the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
378,319
 
2022
   
103,033
 
2023
   
76,541
 
2024
   
49,549
 
2025
   
36,936
 
Later fiscal years
   
40,533
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
684,911
 
         
 
 
(3)
Litigation
 
 
 
Beginning in 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the European Commission and certain other governmental agencies outside the United States have conducted investigations relating to competition in the optical disk drives market. Sony Corporation and/or certain of its subsidiaries have been subject to these investigations. Sony
Corporation
understands that these investigations have ended. However, proceedings initiated by the European Commission as a result of its investigation continue. In October 2015, the European Commission adopted a decision in which it fined Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries 31 million euros; however, Sony
Corporation
filed an appeal against the decision with the European Union’s General Court. In July 2019, the General Court upheld the European Commission’s decision. Sony
 Corporation
reviewed the judgment carefully and filed an appeal with the Court of Justice of the European Union in September 2019. A number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. All of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States, except one lawsuit which is still pending. Sony believes that final resolution of the pending proceedings will not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Since 2011, in relation to the secondary batteries business that was operated by Sony
Corporation
and certain of its subsidiaries, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. All of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States, except one lawsuit which is still pending. Sony believes that final resolution of the pending proceeding will not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
In addition, Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants or otherwise involved in other pending legal and regulatory proceedings. However, based upon the information currently available, Sony believes that the outcome from such legal and regulatory proceedings would not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
(4)
Guarantees
 
 
 
Sony has issued guarantees that contingently require payments to guaranteed parties if certain specified events or conditions occur. The maximum potential amount of future payments under these guarantees as of March 31, 2020 amounted to 2,214 million yen.
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In addition to the above, Sony also issues contractual product warranties under which it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. The changes in the product warranty liability for the fiscal years ended
March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year
   
57,694
     
44,717
     
33,005
 
Additional liabilities for warranties
   
32,179
     
23,041
     
21,448
 
Settlements (in cash or in kind)
   
(30,570
)    
(26,326
)    
(21,491
)
Changes in estimate for
pre-existing
warranty reserve
   
(16,802
)    
(7,370
)    
(562
)
Translation adjustments
   
2,216
     
(1,057
)    
(593
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at end of the fiscal year
   
44,717
     
33,005
     
31,807
 
                         
 
 
The consideration received for extended warranty service, which is not a significant portion of the warranty activities provided by Sony, is excluded from the amounts in the table above.
29.
Business segment information
 
 
 
The reportable segments presented below are the segments of Sony for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit or loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The CODM does not evaluate segments using discrete asset information. Sony’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer and President.
Sony realigned its business segments from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 to reflect modifications to the organizational structure of certain segments and a change in the Senior Executives in charge of certain segments as of April 1, 2019. In connection with this decision, the former Home Entertainment & Sound, Imaging Products & Solutions and Mobile Communications segments have been realigned as the EP&S segment. In connection with this realignment, the sales and operating revenue and operating income (loss) of each segment for the comparative periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. In addition, the former Semiconductors segment has been renamed the I&SS segment effective from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 20
20.
The G&NS segment includes network services businesses, the manufacture and sales of home gaming products and production and sales of software. The Music segment includes the Recorded Music, Music Publishing and Visual Media and Platform businesses. The Pictures segment includes the Motion Pictures, Television Productions and Media Networks businesses. The
EP&S segment includes the Televisions business, the Audio and Video business, the Still and Video Cameras business, the smartphone business and Internet-related service business. The I&SS segment includes the image sensors business. The Financial Services segment primarily represents individual life insurance and
non-life
insurance businesses in the Japanese market and a bank business in Japan. All Other consists of various operating activities, including the disc manufacturing and recording media businesses. Sony’s products and services are generally unique to a single operating segment.
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Segment sales and operating revenue:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,848,298
     
2,224,622
     
1,919,760
 
Intersegment
   
95,514
     
86,250
     
57,791
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,943,812
     
2,310,872
     
1,977,551
 
Music —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
784,792
     
795,025
     
838,592
 
Intersegment
   
15,203
     
12,464
     
11,317
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
799,995
     
807,489
     
849,909
 
Pictures —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,010,173
     
985,270
     
1,010,714
 
Intersegment
   
894
     
1,603
     
1,140
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,011,067
     
986,873
     
1,011,854
 
Electronics Products & Solutions —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
2,582,813
     
2,303,167
     
1,969,880
 
Intersegment
   
17,542
     
17,461
     
21,388
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,600,355
     
2,320,628
     
1,991,268
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
726,892
     
770,622
     
985,259
 
Intersegment
   
123,118
     
108,708
     
85,317
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
850,010
     
879,330
     
1,070,576
 
Financial Services —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,221,235
     
1,274,708
     
1,299,847
 
Intersegment
   
7,142
     
7,831
     
7,901
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,228,377
     
1,282,539
     
1,307,748
 
All Other —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
351,527
     
299,806
     
214,999
 
Intersegment
   
55,647
     
45,931
     
36,421
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
407,174
     
345,737
     
251,420
 
Corporate and elimination
   
(296,808
)    
(267,781
)    
(200,441
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
G&NS intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with All Other. I&SS intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment and the EP&S segment. All Other intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the Music segment and the Pictures segment. Corporate and elimination includes certain brand and patent royalty income.
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
Segment profit or loss:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Operating income (loss):
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
177,478
     
311,092
     
238,400
 
Music
   
127,786
     
232,487
     
142,345
 
Pictures
   
41,110
     
54,599
     
68,157
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
133,129
     
76,508
     
87,276
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
164,023
     
143,874
     
235,584
 
Financial Services
   
178,947
     
161,477
     
129,597
 
All Other
   
(23,530
)    
(11,127
)    
16,288
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
798,943
     
968,910
     
917,647
 
Corporate and elimination
   
(64,083
)    
(74,675
)    
(72,188
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated operating income
   
734,860
     
894,235
     
845,459
 
Other income
   
23,728
     
144,735
     
21,949
 
Other expenses
   
(59,539
)    
(27,322
)    
(67,958
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated income before income taxes
   
699,049
     
1,011,648
     
799,450
 
                         
 
 
 
Operating income (loss) is sales and operating revenue less costs and expenses, and includes equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies.
Corporate and elimination includes headquarters restructuring costs and certain other corporate expenses, including the amortization of certain intellectual property assets such as the cross-licensing of intangible assets acquired from Ericsson at the time of the Sony Mobile Communications acquisition, which are not allocated to segments.
Other significant items:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
 
Music
   
4,483
     
(6,915
)    
4,239
 
Pictures
   
(129
)    
106
     
(629
)
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
(102
)    
(38
)    
136
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
0
 
Financial Services
   
(61
)    
(682
)    
(104
)
All Other
   
4,378
     
4,530
     
5,995
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,569
     
(2,999
)    
9,637
 
                         
Depreciation and amortization:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
29,091
     
29,023
     
29,135
 
Music
   
18,230
     
21,259
     
29,137
 
Pictures
   
24,458
     
24,081
     
21,665
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
64,279
     
61,749
     
63,291
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
99,258
     
110,746
     
134,035
 
Financial Services, including deferred insurance acquisition costs
   
79,843
     
91,179
     
106,667
 
All Other
   
5,910
     
4,940
     
5,095
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
321,069
     
342,977
     
389,025
 
Corporate
   
40,375
     
31,049
     
27,617
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
361,444
     
374,026
     
416,642
 
                         
 
 
 
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
The following table is a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for each segment. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
 
Digital Software and
Add-on
Content
   
762,220
     
1,102,231
     
1,010,296
 
Network Services
   
270,972
     
326,524
     
337,265
 
Hardware and Others
   
815,106
     
795,867
     
572,199
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,848,298
     
2,224,622
     
1,919,760
 
Music
   
     
     
 
Recorded Music — Streaming
   
197,439
     
227,513
     
276,039
 
Recorded Music — Others
   
249,521
     
199,413
     
191,114
 
Music Publishing
   
74,360
     
106,666
     
157,478
 
Visual Media and Platform
   
263,472
     
261,433
     
213,961
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
784,792
     
795,025
     
838,592
 
Pictures
   
     
     
 
Motion Pictures
   
448,945
     
436,017
     
475,061
 
Television Productions
   
289,024
     
288,816
     
301,224
 
Media Networks
   
272,204
     
260,437
     
234,429
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,010,173
     
985,270
     
1,010,714
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
     
     
 
Televisions
   
861,763
     
788,423
     
646,513
 
Audio and Video
   
357,194
     
362,580
     
346,060
 
Still and Video Cameras
   
415,318
     
421,506
     
384,142
 
Mobile Communications
   
713,916
     
487,330
     
362,144
 
Other
   
234,622
     
243,328
     
231,021
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,582,813
     
2,303,167
     
1,969,880
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
726,892
     
770,622
     
985,259
 
Financial Services
   
1,221,235
     
1,274,708
     
1,299,847
 
All Other
   
351,527
     
299,806
     
214,999
 
Corporate
   
18,252
     
12,467
     
20,834
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony has realigned its product category configuration in regard to the new EP&S segment from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Sony has also realigned its product category configuration in the Music segment with more detailed breakdown in Recorded Music from the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. In connection with these realignments, all prior period sales amounts by product category in the table above have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
In the G&NS segment, Digital Software and
Add-on
Content includes distribution of software titles and
add-on
contents through network by Sony Interactive Entertainment; Network Services includes network services relating to game, video and music content; Hardware and Others includes home and portable game consoles, packaged software and peripheral devices. In the Music segment, Recorded Music — Streaming includes the distribution of digital recorded music by streaming; Recorded Music — Others includes the distribution of recorded music by physical media and digital download as well as revenue derived from artists’ live performances; Music Publishing includes the management and licensing of the words and music of songs; Visual Media and Platform includes the production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles, and various service offerings for music and visual products. In the Pictures segment, Motion Pictures includes the worldwide production, acquisition and distribution of live-action and animated motion pictures; Television Productions includes the production, acquisition and distribution of television programming; Media Networks includes the operation of television and digital networks worldwide. In the EP&S segment, Televisions includes LCD and OLED televisions; Audio and Video includes
Blu-ray
disc
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
players and recorders, home audio, headphones and memory-based portable audio devices; Still and Video Cameras includes interchangeable lens cameras, compact digital cameras, consumer video cameras and video cameras for broadcast; Mobile Communications includes smartphones and an internet-related service business; Other includes display products such as projectors and medical equipment.
Within the EP&S segment, the operating loss of Mobile Communications for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was (27,636) million yen, (97,136) million yen and (21,057) million yen, respectively.
Geographic Information:
Sales and operating revenue attributed to countries and areas based on location of external customers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 and property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Japan
   
2,625,619
     
2,591,784
     
2,472,479
 
United States
   
1,835,705
     
1,982,135
     
1,864,390
 
Europe
   
1,841,457
     
1,862,166
     
1,697,791
 
China
   
674,718
     
770,416
     
845,235
 
Asia-Pacific
   
1,024,179
     
912,193
     
892,026
 
Other Areas
   
542,304
     
546,993
     
487,964
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets*:
   
     
 
Japan
   
590,694
     
946,922
 
United States
   
113,581
     
214,226
 
Europe
   
22,622
     
67,799
 
China
   
11,694
     
17,996
 
Asia-Pacific
   
34,273
     
46,932
 
Other Areas
   
4,189
     
7,379
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
777,053
     
1,301,254
 
                 
 
 
 
 
*
As of March 31, 2020, the amounts include operating lease right-of-use assets, which were recognized from April 1, 2019 onward as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02.
 
 
 
Major countries and areas in each geographic segment excluding Japan, United States and China are as follows:
     
(1) Europe:
 
United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, Spain and Sweden
(2) Asia-Pacific:
 
India, South Korea, Oceania, Thailand and Malaysia
(3) Other Areas:
 
The Middle East/Africa, Brazil, Mexico and Canada
 
 
 
 
There are no individually material countries with respect to sales and operating revenue or property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets included in Europe, Asia-Pacific and Other Areas.
Transfers between reportable business segments or geographic areas are made at individually negotiated prices that are intended to reflect a market-based transfer price.
There were no sales and operating revenue with any single major external customer for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
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SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
30.
Subsequent events
 
 
 
 
 
Tender Offer for Common Shares and Stock Acquisition Rights of Sony Financial Holdings Inc.
In order to achieve further growth and strengthen governance within its financial services business with the goal of enhancing the corporate value of the overall Sony Group, Sony Corporation resolved, at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on May 19, 2020, to offer to acquire the common shares of Sony Financial Holdings Inc. (“SFH”), a consolidated subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and the related stock acquisition rights through a tender offer (“Tender Offer”), with the aim of making SFH a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and Sony Corporation commenced the Tender Offer on May 20, 2020. As of May 19, 2020, Sony Corporation held 283,050,000 (Share Holding Ratio: approximately 65%) of SFH’s common shares.
If all the SFH shareholders, excluding Sony Corporation, and all the holders of the stock acquisition rights tender their shares and stock acquisition rights to Sony Corporation in the Tender Offer, the total purchase price to be paid by Sony Corporation will be approximately 395,538 million yen.
<Overview of Tender Offer>
1.
Shares and Stock Acquisition Rights to be purchased: Common shares (excluding SFH’s common shares owned by Sony Corporation and the treasury shares owned by SFH) and the related stock acquisition rights
 
 
 
 
 
2.
Period: From May 20, 2020 through July 13, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
3.
Price: 2,600 yen per common share
 
 
 
 
 
259,900 yen per unit of stock acquisition right
4.
Number of Shares to be purchased (including the number of shares subject to stock acquisition rights):
 
 
 
 
 
152,130,036 shares
Under the terms of the Tender Offer, the minimum number of shares to be purchased is 7,070,000 shares. If the aggregate number of shares (including shares subject to stock acquisition rights) tendered to Sony Corporation in the Tender Offer is less than the minimum number of shares to be purchased (7,070,000 shares), Sony Corporation will not purchase any of the tendered common shares
or
stock acquisition rights.
 
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SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
SONY CORPORATION AND CONSOLIDATED SUBSIDIARIES
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Balance
at beginning
of period
 
 
Beginning
adjustment
(Note 3)
 
 
Additions
charged to
costs and
expenses
 
 
Deductions
(Note 1)
 
 
Other
(Note 2)
 
 
Balance
at end
of period
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns
   
53,150
     
     
45,515
     
(51,302
)    
1,300
     
48,663
 
                                                 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
48,663
     
(25,114
)    
7,112
     
(5,532
)    
311
     
25,440
 
                                                 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
25,440
     
     
9,006
     
(6,908
)    
(1,665
)    
25,873
 
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes:
1. Reversal including amounts written off.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Translation adjustments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Sony adopted ASU 2014-09 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, sales returns are presented as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Balance
at beginning
of period
 
 
Additions
 
 
Deductions
 
 
Other
(Note 1)
 
 
Balance
at end
of period
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets
   
1,051,964
     
70,797
     
(123,597
)    
(99,329
)    
899,835
 
                                         
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets
   
899,835
     
116,938
     
(309,226
)    
15,567
     
723,114
 
                                         
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets
   
723,114
     
53,245
     
(161,547
)    
(6,569
)    
608,243
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:
1. Translation adjustments and the effect of change in statutory tax rate.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
F-91
EX-1.2 Amended Articles of Incorporation effective as of April 1, 2021

Exhibit 1.2

(TRANSLATION)

 

 

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

Effective April 1, 2021

 

 

 

SONY CORPORATION


Enacted:

   April 19, 1946   

Amended:

   August 3, 1946    June 29, 1962
   November 20, 1946    December 27, 1962
   May 27, 1947    December 27, 1966
   June 30, 1947    December 26, 1970
   November 22, 1947    June 29, 1971
   May 3, 1948    June 29, 1972
   August 30, 1948    December 26, 1974
   March 4, 1950    January 30, 1976
   May 27, 1950    January 28, 1982
   November 25, 1950    January 28, 1983
   June 23, 1951    January 30, 1987
   November 30, 1951    June 27, 1991
   February 10, 1953    June 29, 1994
   June 26, 1954    June 27, 1997
   June 25, 1955    June 26, 1998
   June 25, 1956    June 29, 1999
   December 24, 1956    June 29, 2000
   June 24, 1957    January 25, 2001
   December 25, 1957    June 20, 2002
   December 23, 1958    June 20, 2003
   June 30, 1959    June 22, 2004
   December 26, 1959    June 22, 2005
   June 25, 1960    June 22, 2006
   June 5, 1961    June 19, 2009
   June 29, 1961    June 23, 2015
   December 26, 1961    June 26, 2020


(TRANSLATION)

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION

OF

SONY CORPORATION

(Sony Kabushiki Kaisha)

CHAPTER I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. (Trade Name)

The name of the Corporation shall be “Sony Group Kabushiki Kaisha” and in English translation it shall be “SONY GROUP CORPORATION”.

Article 2. (Company with Three Committees)

The Corporation, being a company with three committees, shall have the Board of Directors, Committees (Nominating Committee, Audit Committee and Compensation Committee) and Accounting Auditors.

Article 3. (Location of the Head Office)

The head office of the Corporation shall be located at Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.

Article 4. (Purpose)

The purpose of the Corporation shall be to engage in the following business activities:

 

  (1)

Manufacture and sale of electronic and electrical machines and equipment;

 

  (2)

Manufacture and sale of medical instruments, optical instruments and other equipment, machines and instruments;

 

  (3)

Planning, production and sale of audio-visual software;

 

  (4)

Planning, production and sale of computer software programs;

 

  (5)

Manufacture and sale of metal industrial products, chemical industrial products and ceramic industrial products;

 

  (6)

Manufacture and sale of textile products, paper products and wood-crafted articles, daily necessities, foodstuffs and toys;

 

  (7)

Manufacture and sale of transportation machines and equipment and petroleum and coal products;

 

  (8)

Real estate activities, construction business, transportation business and warehousing business;

 

  (9)

Publishing business and printing business;

 

  (10)

Advertising agency business, insurance agency business, broadcasting enterprise, recreation business, such as travel, management of sporting facilities, etc. and other service enterprises;

 

  (11)

Financial business;

 

  (12)

Type I and Type II telecommunications business under the Telecommunications Business Law;

 

  (13)

Investing in stocks and bonds, etc.;

 

  (14)

Manufacture, sale, export and import of products which are incidental to or related to those mentioned in the preceding items;

 

  (15)

Rendering of services related to those mentioned in the preceding items;

 

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  (16)

Investment in businesses mentioned in the preceding items operated by other companies or persons; and

 

  (17)

All businesses which are incidental to or related to those mentioned in the preceding items.

Article 5. (Method of Public Notice)

The method of public notices of the Corporation shall be electronic public notices; provided, however, that if the Corporation is unable to give an electronic public notice because of an accident or any other unavoidable reason, public notices of the Corporation may be given in the Nihon Keizai Shimbun.

CHAPTER II

SHARES

Article 6. (Total Number of Shares Authorized to be Issued)

The total number of shares authorized to be issued by the Corporation shall be three billion six hundred million (3,600,000,000) shares.

Article 7. (Number of Shares Constituting One Full Unit of Stock)

The number of shares constituting one full unit of stock shall be one hundred (100).

Article 8. (Request for the Sale of Shares Constituting Less Than One Full Unit)

A shareholder holding shares constituting less than one full unit may request the Corporation to sell to the shareholder such amount of shares which will, when added together with the shares constituting less than one full unit, constitute one full unit of stock.

Article 9. (Transfer Agent)

1. The Corporation shall appoint a transfer agent. The transfer agent and its handling office shall be designated by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation or a determination of the Corporate Executive Officer to whom the determination has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation and public notice thereof shall be given by the Corporation.

2. The register of shareholders and the register of stock acquisition rights of the Corporation shall be kept at the handling office of the transfer agent. The Corporation shall cause the transfer agent to handle the business pertaining to shares and stock acquisition rights, such as entry (including digital entry; hereinafter the same interpretation being applicable) into the register of shareholders and the register of stock acquisition rights, and purchase and sale of shares constituting less than one full unit, etc. The Corporation itself shall not handle the above matters directly.

Article 10. (Share Handling Regulations)

The business pertaining to shares and stock acquisition rights of the Corporation shall be governed by, in addition to these Articles of Incorporation, the Share Handling Regulations adopted or amended by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation or the Corporate Executive Officer to whom the adoption or amendment has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

CHAPTER III

GENERAL MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS

Article 11. (Convocation)

The ordinary general meeting of shareholders shall be convened within three months after the end of each business year, and an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders may be convened whenever necessary in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

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Article 12. (Record Date of Ordinary General Meetings of Shareholders)

The Corporation shall deem any shareholder having voting rights, as appearing on the register of shareholders as of the end of the business year, to be a shareholder who is entitled to exercise voting rights at the ordinary general meeting of shareholders for that business year.

Article 13. (Convocation of Meetings and Chairman)

The Director who is concurrently in office as a Corporate Executive Officer, as so determined in advance by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, shall convene the general meetings of shareholders and act as the chairman thereof. When such Director is unable to act, another Director concurrently in office as a Corporate Executive Officer, who is designated in accordance with an order of priority determined in advance by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, shall convene such general meetings and act as the chairman thereof.

 

Article

14. (Disclosure of Reference Documents for General Meetings of Shareholders, Etc. through the Internet)

Upon convening a general meeting of shareholders, it may be deemed that the Corporation has provided the shareholders with necessary information that should be described or indicated in the reference documents for the general meeting of shareholders, business reports, non-consolidated financial statements, and consolidated financial statements, on the condition that such information is disclosed through the Internet in accordance with the Ministry of Justice Ordinance.

Article 15. (Method of Adopting Resolutions)

1. Except as otherwise provided by law or by these Articles of Incorporation, all resolutions of a general meeting of shareholders shall be adopted by a majority of votes held by the attending shareholders entitled to exercise their voting rights.

2. Resolutions provided for in Article 309, Paragraph 2 of the Companies Act may be adopted by not less than two-thirds of the votes held by the attending shareholders who hold not less than one-third of the votes of shareholders entitled to exercise their voting rights.

Article 16. (Exercise of Voting Rights by Proxy)

When a shareholder or its legal representative is not able to attend a general meeting of shareholders personally, he may entrust his voting rights to an attending shareholder who has voting rights. However, a document evidencing the authority of a proxy must be filed with the Corporation.

Article 17. (Adjournment or Change of Location of the Meeting)

The chairman, in accordance with a resolution adopted at a general meeting of shareholders, may adjourn, or change the location of the meeting.

Article 18. (Minutes)

The substance of the proceedings at a general meeting of shareholders and the results thereof, as well as other matters provided for in laws and regulations, shall be recorded in the minutes, and the chairman, other Directors and Corporate Executive Officers present shall inscribe their names and affix their seals thereon or put their electronic signature thereon.

CHAPTER IV

DIRECTORS, BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND COMMITTEES

Article 19. (Election of Directors)

1. Directors shall be elected at the general meetings of shareholders.

2. In order to adopt a resolution for the election of Directors, the attendance of shareholders holding not less than one-third of the voting rights of shareholders entitled to exercise their voting rights shall be required.

 

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3. With respect to resolutions for the election of Directors, no cumulative voting shall be used.

Article 20. (Term of Office of Directors)

1. The term of office of a Director shall expire at the conclusion of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders held with respect to the last business year ending within one year after his or her election.

2. The term of office of a Director elected to fill a vacancy or to increase the number of Directors shall be the same as the remaining term of office of the other Directors then in office.

Article 21. (Limitation of Liabilities of Directors and Liability Limitation Agreement with Directors)

1. The Corporation may, by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, exempt Directors from their liabilities provided for in Article 423, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act, to the extent permitted by law.

2. The Corporation may enter into a liability limitation agreement with Directors (excluding Directors who execute business of the Corporation), which shall limit the maximum amount of their liabilities provided for in Article 423, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act to the higher of either thirty million yen (30,000,000 yen) or an aggregate sum of the amounts prescribed in each item of Article 425, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act.

Article 22. (Board of Directors)

1. The Directors of the Corporation shall constitute the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

2. The Board of Directors of the Corporation shall make decisions concerning the affairs of the Corporation as provided by law and by these Articles of Incorporation, as well as all other important affairs of the Corporation, and supervise the performance of the duties of the Directors and Corporate Executive Officers.

Article 23. (Holding of Meetings of the Board of Directors)

Meetings of the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be either of ordinary or extraordinary meetings. Ordinary meetings of the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be held at least once every three months, while extraordinary meetings of the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be held whenever necessary.

Article 24. (Notice of Convocation of the Board of Directors)

Notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, giving the date, location and agenda, shall be sent to each Director at least five days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that in case of urgency, such period may be shortened.

Article 25. (Method of Adopting Resolutions of the Board of Directors)

1. Resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Corporation shall be adopted by a majority of the Directors present, which present Directors shall constitute, in number, a majority of the total number of Directors entitled to vote.

2. Notwithstanding the preceding paragraph, in accordance with Article 370 of the Companies Act, the Corporation may deem that the matters to be resolved by the Board of Directors are adopted by a resolution of the Board of Directors when all the Directors unanimously express their agreement to such matters.

Article 26. (Minutes of the Board of Directors)

The substance of the proceedings of a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the results thereof, as well as other matters provided for in laws and regulations, shall be recorded in the minutes, and the attending Directors shall inscribe their names and affix their seals thereon or put their electronic signatures thereon.

 

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Article 27. (Nominating Committee, Audit Committee and Compensation Committee)

Each of the Nominating Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee shall make decisions on the matters prescribed by law, and respectively shall exercise their power and authority which are required in performing their respective business.

Article 28. (Organization of Each Committee)

1. Each Committee shall consist of three (3) or more Directors, a majority of whom shall be outside Directors; provided, however, that a Director who is a member of the Audit Committee shall not concurrently be in office as a Corporate Executive Officer, a Director who operates the business, an Accounting Counselor (kaikeisanyo), a general manager (shihainin) or any other employee of the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries.

2. Directors who are to be members of any Committee shall be determined by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

CHAPTER V

CORPORATE EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Article 29. (Election of Corporate Executive Officers)

Corporate Executive Officers shall be appointed by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

Article 30. (Term of Office of Corporate Executive Officers)

1. The term of office of a Corporate Executive Officer shall expire at the conclusion of the first meeting of the Board of Directors of the Corporation that is convened immediately after the conclusion of the ordinary general meeting of shareholders held with respect to the last business year ending within one year after his or her election.

2. The term of office of a Corporate Executive Officer elected to fill a vacancy or to increase the number of Corporate Executive Officers shall be the same as the remaining term of office of the other Corporate Executive Officers then in office.

Article 31. (Representative Corporate Executive Officers)

Corporate Executive Officers who shall represent the Corporation shall be appointed by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

Article 32. (Limitation of Liabilities of Corporate Executive Officers)

The Corporation may, by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, exempt Corporate Executive Officers from their liabilities provided for in Article 423, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act, to the extent permitted by law.

CHAPTER VI

ACCOUNTS

Article 33. (Business Year)

The business year of the Corporation shall commence on April 1 of each year and shall end on March 31 of the next following year.

Article 34. (Dividends from Surplus)

1. The Corporation may determine the matters provided for in each item of Article 459, Paragraph 1 of the Companies Act by a resolution of the Board of Directors without a resolution of a general meeting of shareholders.

 

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2. The Corporation may make distribution of surplus in cash (hereinafter referred to as the “Dividends”) to shareholders or registered share pledgees whose names appear on the register of shareholders as of the close of March 31 or September 30 of each year.

Article 35. (Expiration Period)

In case Dividends shall not be received within five (5) years after the due date of each payment, the Corporation shall be relieved of the obligation for the payment thereof. Dividends payable shall bear no interest.

Article 36. (Conversion of Convertible Debentures and Dividends)

1. With respect to the calculation of the first Dividends to be paid on shares issued upon conversion of convertible debentures, such conversion shall be deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the business year in which the conversion was applied for.

2. For purposes of applying the preceding paragraph, the period from April 1 to September 30 of the same year and the period from October 1 to March 31 of the next following year, shall be deemed business years, respectively.

CHAPTER VII

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

Article 37. (Transitional Measures for Limitation of Liabilities of Directors, Statutory Auditors and Corporate Executive Officers)

1. The Corporation may, by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, exempt Directors from their liabilities arising in connection with the actions provided for in Article 266, Paragraph 1, Item 5 of the Commercial Code, not as amended (hereinafter referred to as the “Old Commercial Code”) by the Law for Maintenance, Etc. of Relevant Laws Relating to the Enforcement of the Companies Act (Law No. 87, 2005; hereinafter referred to as the “Maintenance Law”) that occurred prior to the close of the 86th ordinary general meeting of shareholders, to the extent permitted by law.

2. The Corporation may, by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, exempt Statutory Auditors from their liabilities under the Old Commercial Code arising prior to the close of the 86th ordinary general meeting of shareholders, to the extent permitted by law.

3. The Corporation may, by a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation, exempt Directors and Corporate Executive Officers from their liabilities arising from actions set forth in Article 21-17, Paragraph 1 of the Law for Special Exceptions to the Commercial Code Concerning Audits, Etc. of Kabushiki-kaisha, which actions are taken prior to the enactment of the Maintenance Law, to the extent permitted by law.

SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISION

The amendment to Article 1 (Trade Name) shall take effect on April 1, 2021, provided that if the Board of Directors of the Corporation determines to change the effective date to another date at a meeting of the Board of Directors to be held before March 31, 2021, the amendment shall take effect on such newly determined date. This supplementary provision shall be deleted after the date when the amendment to Article 1 takes effect.

 

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EX-2.2 Description of Rights of each Class of Securities

Exhibit 2.2

Description of Rights of each Class of Securities

Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)

Sony Corporation is a joint-stock corporation (Kabushiki Kaisha) incorporated in Japan under the Companies Act (Kaishaho) of Japan. It is registered in the Commercial Register (Shogyo Tokibo) maintained by the Minato Branch Office of the Tokyo Legal Affairs Bureau.

American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), each representing one (1) share of common stock (“Share”) of Sony Corporation, are listed and traded on the New York stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol “SNE,” and in connection with this listing (but not for trading), the Shares are registered under Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act. This exhibit contains a description of the rights of (i) the holders of Shares and (ii) the holders of ADSs. Shares underlying the ADSs are held by Citibank, N.A., as depositary, and holders of ADSs are not treated as holders of Shares.

I. Description of Common Shares

Unless indicated otherwise, set forth below is information concerning the shares of Sony Corporation’s capital stock, including brief summaries of the relevant provisions of Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and Share Handling Regulations, currently in effect, and of the Companies Act and related regulations. Because it is a summary, this discussion should be read together with Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and Share Handling Regulations. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings given to them in Sony Corporation’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

General

On January 5, 2009, a central book-entry transfer system for shares of Japanese listed companies was established pursuant to the Act Concerning Book-entry Transfer of Corporate Bonds, Shares, etc. (including regulations promulgated thereunder, “Book-entry Transfer Act”), and this system is applied to the shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation. Under this system, shares of all Japanese companies listed on any Japanese stock exchange are dematerialized, and shareholders must have accounts at account management institutions to hold their shares unless such shareholder has an account at Japan Securities Depository Center, Inc. (“JASDEC”). “Account management institutions” are financial instruments traders (i.e., securities companies), banks, trust companies and certain other financial institutions that meet the requirements prescribed by the Book-entry Transfer Act. Transfer of the shares of Common Stock of Sony Corporation is effected exclusively through entry in the records maintained by JASDEC and the account management institutions, and title to the shares passes to the transferee at the time when the transfer of the shares is recorded at the transferee’s account at an account management institution. The holder of an account at an account management institution is presumed to be the legal holder of the shares recorded in such account.

Under the Companies Act and the Book-entry Transfer Act, in order to assert shareholders’ rights against Sony Corporation, a shareholder of shares must have its name and address registered in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, shareholders shall notify the relevant account management institutions of certain information prescribed under the Book-entry Transfer Act or Sony Corporation’s Share Handling Regulations, including their names and addresses, and the registration on Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders is updated upon receipt by Sony Corporation of necessary information from JASDEC (as described in “Record date”). On the other hand, in order to assert, against Sony Corporation, shareholders’ rights to which shareholders are entitled, regardless of whether such shareholder held shares on the requisite record date, such as minority shareholders’ rights, including the right to propose a matter to be considered at a General Meeting of Shareholders, except for shareholders’ rights to request that Sony Corporation purchase or sell shares constituting less than a full unit (as described in “Unit share system”), JASDEC shall, upon the shareholder’s request, issue a notice of certain information, including the name and address of such shareholder, to Sony Corporation.

Thereafter, such shareholder is required to present Sony Corporation a receipt of the notice request in accordance with the Sony Corporation’s Share Handling Regulations. Under the Book-entry Transfer Act, the shareholder shall exercise such shareholders’ right within four weeks after the notice above has been given to Sony Corporation.

Mitsubishi UFJ Trust and Banking Corporation is the transfer agent for Sony Corporation’s capital stock. As such, it keeps Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders in its office at 4-5, Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo.


Non-resident shareholders are required to appoint a standing proxy in Japan or file notice of a mailing address in Japan. Notices from Sony Corporation to non-resident shareholders are delivered to such standing proxies or mailing address. Japanese securities companies and commercial banks customarily act as standing proxies and provide related services for standard fees. The recorded holder of deposited shares underlying the ADSs is the depositary for the ADSs. Accordingly, holders of ADSs will not be able to directly assert shareholders’ rights against Sony Corporation.

Authorized capital

Under the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may only issue shares of Common Stock. Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide that the total number of shares authorized to be issued by Sony Corporation is 3.6 billion shares.

All shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation have no par value. All issued shares are fully-paid and non-assessable.

Distribution of Surplus

Distribution of Surplus — General

Under the Companies Act, distributions of cash or other assets by joint stock corporations to their shareholders, so called “dividends,” are referred to as “distributions of Surplus” (“Surplus” is defined in “— Restriction on distribution of Surplus”). Sony Corporation may make distributions of Surplus to shareholders any number of times per business year, subject to certain limitations described in “— Restriction on distribution of Surplus.” Distributions of Surplus are required in principle to be authorized by a resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders, but Sony Corporation may authorize distributions of Surplus by a resolution of the Board of Directors as long as its non-consolidated annual financial statements and certain documents for the last business year present fairly its assets and profit or loss, as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

Distributions of Surplus may be made in cash or in kind in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by each shareholder. A resolution of the Board of Directors or a General Meeting of Shareholders authorizing a distribution of Surplus must specify the kind and aggregate book value of the assets to be distributed, the manner of allocation of such assets to shareholders, and the effective date of the distribution. If a distribution of Surplus is to be made in kind, Sony Corporation may, pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or (as the case may be) a General Meeting of Shareholders, grant a right to the shareholders to require Sony Corporation to make such distribution in cash instead of in kind. If no such right is granted to shareholders, the relevant distribution of Surplus must be approved by a special resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders (refer to “Voting rights” with respect to a “special resolution”).

Under the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, year-end dividends and interim dividends may be distributed in cash to shareholders appearing in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders as of March 31 and September 30 each year, respectively, in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by each shareholder following approval by the Board of Directors or (as the case may be) the General Meeting of Shareholders. Sony Corporation is not obliged to pay any dividends in cash unclaimed for a period of five years after the date on which they first became payable.

In Japan, the ex-dividend date and the record date for dividends precede the date of determination of the amount of the dividends to be paid. The price of the shares of Common Stock generally goes ex-dividend on the business day immediately prior to the record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the second business day prior thereto).

Distribution of Surplus — Restriction on distribution of Surplus

In making a distribution of Surplus, Sony Corporation must, until the sum of its additional paid-in capital and legal reserve reaches one quarter of its stated capital, set aside in its additional paid-in capital and/or legal reserve an amount equal to one-tenth of the amount of Surplus so distributed.


The amount of Surplus at any given time must be calculated in accordance with the following formula:

A + B + C + D - (E + F + G)

In the above formula:

 

“A” =    the total amount of other capital surplus and other retained earnings, each such amount being that appearing on the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year
“B” =    (if Sony Corporation has disposed of its treasury stock after the end of the last business year) the amount of the consideration for such treasury stock received by Sony Corporation less the book value thereof
“C” =    (if Sony Corporation has reduced its stated capital after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (if any)
“D” =    (if Sony Corporation has reduced its additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction less the portion thereof that has been transferred to stated capital (if any)
“E” =    (if Sony Corporation has cancelled its treasury stock after the end of the last business year) the book value of such treasury stock
“F” =    (if Sony Corporation has distributed Surplus to its shareholders after the end of the last business year) the total book value of the Surplus so distributed
“G” =    certain other amounts set forth in ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if Sony Corporation has reduced Surplus and increased its stated capital, additional paid-in capital or legal reserve after the end of the last business year) the amount of such reduction and (if Sony Corporation has distributed Surplus to the shareholders after the end of the last business year) the amount set aside in additional paid-in capital or legal reserve (if any) as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

The aggregate book value of Surplus distributed by Sony Corporation may not exceed a prescribed distributable amount (the “Distributable Amount”), as calculated on the effective date of such distribution. The Distributable Amount at any given time shall be equal to the amount of Surplus less the aggregate of the following:

 

  (a)

the book value of its treasury stock;

 

  (b)

the amount of consideration for any of treasury stock disposed of by Sony Corporation after the end of the last business year; and

 

  (c)

certain other amounts set forth in ordinances of the Ministry of Justice, including (if the sum of one-half of goodwill and the deferred assets exceeds the total of stated capital, additional paid-in capital and legal reserve, each such amount being that appearing on the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year) all or certain part of such exceeding amount as calculated in accordance with ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.

As Sony Corporation has become a company with respect to which consolidated balance sheets should also be considered in the calculation of the Distributable Amount (renketsu haito kisei tekiyo kaisha), Sony Corporation must further deduct from the amount of Surplus the excess amount, if any, of (x) the total amount of stockholders’ equity appearing on the non-consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year and certain other amounts set forth by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice over (y) the total amount of stockholders’ equity and certain other amounts set forth by an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice appearing on the consolidated balance sheet as of the end of the last business year.

If Sony Corporation has prepared interim financial statements as described below, and if such interim financial statements have been approved by the Board of Directors or (if so required by the Companies Act) by a General Meeting of Shareholders, then the Distributable Amount must be adjusted to take into account the amount of profit or loss, and the amount of consideration for any of the treasury stock disposed of by Sony Corporation, during the period in respect of which such interim financial statements have been prepared. Sony Corporation may prepare non-consolidated interim financial statements consisting of a balance sheet as of any date subsequent to the end of the last business year and an income statement for the period from the first day of the current business year to the date of such balance sheet. Interim financial statements so prepared by Sony Corporation must be audited by the Audit Committee and the independent auditor, as required by the Companies Act and in accordance with the details prescribed by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice.


Capital and reserves

Sony Corporation may generally reduce its additional paid-in capital or legal reserve by resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders and, if so decided by the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as stated capital. On the other hand, Sony Corporation may generally reduce its stated capital by a special shareholders’ resolution (as defined in “Voting rights”) and, if so decided by the same resolution, may account for the whole or any part of the amount of such reduction as additional paid-in capital. In addition, Sony Corporation may reduce its Surplus and increase either (i) stated capital or (ii) additional paid-in capital and/or legal reserve by the same amount, in either case by resolution of a General Meeting of Shareholders.

Stock splits

Sony Corporation may at any time split shares in issue into a greater number of shares at the determination of the CEO, and may amend its Articles of Incorporation to increase the number of the authorized shares to be issued to allow such stock split pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by a Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such determination has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors, rather than relying on a special shareholders’ resolution, which is otherwise required for amending the Articles of Incorporation.

When a stock split is to be made, Sony Corporation must give public notice of the stock split, specifying the record date thereof, at least two weeks prior to such record date. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, Sony Corporation must also give notice to JASDEC regarding a stock split at least two weeks prior to the relevant effective date of the stock split. On the effective date of the stock split, the numbers of shares recorded in all accounts held by Sony Corporation’s shareholders at account managing institutions or JASDEC will be increased in accordance with the applicable ratio.

Consolidation of shares

Sony Corporation may at any time consolidate issued shares into a smaller number of shares by a special shareholders’ resolution. When a consolidation of shares is to be made, Sony Corporation must give public notice or notice to each shareholder at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the consolidation of shares. Under the central book-entry transfer system operated by JASDEC, Sony Corporation must also give notice to JASDEC regarding a consolidation of shares at least two weeks prior to the effective date of the consolidation of shares. On the effective date of the consolidation of shares, the numbers of shares recorded in all accounts held by Sony Corporation’s shareholders at account managing institutions or JASDEC will be decreased in accordance with the applicable ratio. Sony Corporation must disclose the reason for the consolidation of shares at a General Meeting of Shareholders.

General Meeting of Shareholders

The Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders of Sony Corporation for each business year is normally held in June of each year in Tokyo, Japan. In addition, Sony Corporation may hold an Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders whenever necessary by giving notice thereof at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting.

Notice of a shareholders’ meeting setting forth the place, time and purpose thereof must be mailed to each shareholder having voting rights (or, in the case of a non-resident shareholder, to such shareholder’s resident proxy or mailing address in Japan) at least two weeks prior to the date set for the meeting. Under the Companies Act, such notice may be given to shareholders by electronic means, subject to obtaining consent by the relevant shareholders. The record date for an Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders is March 31 of each year.

Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 3% of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may require the convocation of a General Meeting of Shareholders for a particular purpose. Unless such a shareholders’ meeting is convened promptly or a convocation notice of a meeting which is to be held not later than eight weeks from the day of such demand is dispatched, the requiring shareholder may, upon obtaining a court approval, convene such a shareholders’ meeting.

Any shareholder or group of shareholders holding at least 300 voting rights or 1% of the total number of voting rights for a period of six months or more may propose a matter to be considered at a General Meeting of Shareholders by submitting a written request to Sony Corporation at least eight weeks prior to the date set for such meeting.

If the Articles of Incorporation so provide, any of the minimum voting rights or percentages, time periods and number of voting rights necessary for exercising the minority shareholder rights described above may be decreased or shortened. Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation currently do not include any such provisions.


Voting rights

So long as Sony Corporation maintains the unit share system, a holder of shares constituting one or more units is entitled to one vote for each such unit of stock (refer to “Unit share system” below; currently 100 shares constitute one unit), except that no voting rights with respect to shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation are afforded to Sony Corporation or any corporate or certain other entities more than one-quarter of the total voting rights of which are directly or indirectly held by Sony Corporation. If Sony Corporation eliminates from its Articles of Incorporation the provisions relating to units of stock, holders of capital stock will have one vote for each share they hold. Except as otherwise provided by law or by the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, a resolution can be adopted at a General Meeting of Shareholders by a majority of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting. The Companies Act and Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation provide, however, that the quorum for the election of Directors shall be one-third of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders. Sony Corporation’s shareholders are not entitled to cumulative voting in the election of Directors. Shareholders may cast their votes in writing and may also exercise their voting rights through proxies, provided that the proxies are also shareholders holding voting rights. Shareholders may also exercise their voting rights by electronic means pursuant to the method designated by Sony Corporation.

The Companies Act and the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that in order to amend the Articles of Incorporation and in certain other instances, including:

 

  (1)

acquisition of its own shares from a specific party other than its subsidiaries;

 

  (2)

consolidation of shares;

 

  (3)

any offering of new shares or existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock at a “specially favorable” price (or any offering of stock acquisition rights to acquire shares of capital stock, or bonds with stock acquisition rights on “specially favorable” conditions) to any persons other than shareholders;

 

  (4)

the exemption of liability of a Director, Corporate Executive Officer or independent auditor with certain exceptions;

 

  (5)

a reduction of stated capital with certain exceptions;

 

  (6)

a distribution of in-kind dividends which meets certain requirements;

 

  (7)

dissolution, merger, consolidation, or corporate split with certain exceptions;

 

  (8)

the transfer of the whole or a material part of the business;

 

  (9)

the transfer of the whole or a part of the shares or equity interests in a subsidiary which meets certain requirements;

 

  (10)

the taking over of the whole of the business of any other corporation with certain exceptions; or

 

  (11)

share exchange or share transfer for the purpose of establishing 100% parent-subsidiary relationships with certain exceptions,

the quorum shall be one-third of the total number of voting rights of all the shareholders, and the approval by at least two-thirds of the number of voting rights of all the shareholders represented at the meeting is required (the “special shareholders’ resolutions”).

Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights

Holders of Sony Corporation’s shares of capital stock have no pre-emptive rights under its Articles of Incorporation. Authorized but unissued shares may be issued, or existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock may be transferred, at such times and upon such terms as the Board of Directors or the CEO determines, subject to the limitations as to the offering of new shares or transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock at a “specially favorable” price mentioned under “Voting rights” above.

In the case of an issuance of shares (including a transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock) or stock acquisition rights whereby any subscriber will hold more than 50% of the voting rights of all shareholders, generally Sony Corporation shall give public notice at least two weeks prior to the payment date for such issuance, and if shareholders who hold one-tenth or more of the voting rights of all shareholders dissent from the issuance of shares or stock acquisition rights, the approval by a resolution of a General Meeting of


Shareholders is generally required before the payment date pursuant to the Companies Act. In addition, in the case of an issuance of shares (including a transfer of existing shares held by Sony Corporation as treasury stock) or stock acquisition rights by way of an allotment to a third party which would dilute the outstanding voting shares by 25% or more or change the controlling shareholder, in addition to a resolution of the Board of Directors, the approval of the shareholders or an affirmative vote from a person independent of the management is generally required pursuant to the rules of the TSE. The Board of Directors or the CEO may, however, determine that shareholders shall be given subscription rights regarding a particular issue of new shares, in which case such rights must be given on uniform terms to all shareholders as of a record date of which not less than two weeks’ prior public notice is given. Each of the shareholders to whom such rights are given must also be given notice of the expiry thereof at least two weeks prior to the date on which such rights expire.

Subject to certain conditions, Sony Corporation may issue stock acquisition rights by a resolution of the Board of Directors or a determination by the CEO. Holders of stock acquisition rights may exercise their rights to acquire a certain number of shares within the exercise period as prescribed in the terms of their stock acquisition rights. Upon exercise of stock acquisition rights, Sony Corporation will be obliged to issue the relevant number of new shares or alternatively to transfer the necessary number of shares of treasury stock held by it.

In cases where a particular issue of new shares or stock acquisition rights (i) violates laws and regulations or Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, or (ii) will be performed in a materially unfair manner, and shareholders may suffer disadvantages therefrom, such shareholders may file an injunction to enjoin such issue with a court.

Liquidation rights

In the event of a liquidation of Sony Corporation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses and taxes will be distributed among the holders of shares of Common Stock in proportion to the respective numbers of shares of Common Stock held.

Record date

March 31 is the record date for Sony Corporation’s year-end dividends, if declared. So long as Sony Corporation maintains the unit share system, shareholders who are registered as the holders of one or more unit of stock in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders at the end of each March 31 are also entitled to exercise shareholders’ rights at the Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders with respect to the business year ending on such March 31. September 30 is the record date for interim dividends, if declared. In addition, Sony Corporation may set a record date for determining the shareholders entitled to other rights and for other purposes by giving at least two weeks’ prior public notice.

JASDEC is required to promptly give Sony Corporation notice of the names and addresses of Sony Corporation’s shareholders, the numbers of shares of Common Stock held by them and other relevant information as of such respective record dates.

The price of shares generally goes ex-dividends or ex-rights on Japanese stock exchanges on the business day immediately prior to a record date (or if the record date is not a business day, the second business day prior thereto), for the purpose of dividends or rights offerings.

Acquisition by Sony Corporation of its capital stock

Under the Companies Act and the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may acquire shares of Common Stock (i) from a specific shareholder other than any of its subsidiaries (pursuant to the special shareholders’ resolution), (ii) from any of its subsidiaries (pursuant to a determination by the CEO as delegated by the Board of Directors), or (iii) by way of purchase on any Japanese stock exchange on which Sony Corporation’s shares of Common Stock are listed or by way of tender offer (pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Directors, as long as its non-consolidated annual financial statements and certain documents for the last business year present fairly its assets and profit or loss, as required by ordinances of the Ministry of Justice).

In the case of (i) above, any other shareholder may make a request to Sony Corporation that such other shareholder be included as a seller in the proposed purchase, provided that no such right will be available if the purchase price or any other consideration to be received by the relevant specific shareholder will not exceed the last trading price of the shares on the relevant stock exchange on the day immediately preceding the date on which the resolution mentioned in (i) above was adopted (or, if there is no trading in the shares on the stock exchange or if the stock exchange is not open on such day, the price at which the shares are first traded on such stock exchange thereafter).


The total amount of the purchase price of shares of Common Stock may not exceed the Distributable Amount, as described in “Distribution of Surplus — Distribution of Surplus — Restriction on distribution of Surplus.”

Shares acquired by Sony Corporation may be held for any period or may be retired at the determination of the CEO. Sony Corporation may also transfer (by public or private sale or otherwise) to any person the treasury stock held by it, subject to a determination by the CEO, and subject also to other requirements similar to those applicable to the issuance of new shares, as described in “Issue of additional shares and pre-emptive rights” above. Sony Corporation may also utilize its treasury stock for the purpose of transfer to any person upon exercise of stock acquisition rights or for the purpose of acquiring another company by way of merger, share exchange or corporate split through exchange of treasury stock for shares or assets of the acquired company.

Unit share system

The Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that 100 shares constitute one “unit” of shares of stock. The Board of Directors or the Corporate Executive Officer to whom the authority to make such a determination has been delegated by a resolution of the Board of Directors is permitted to amend the Articles of Incorporation to reduce the number of shares that constitute a unit or to abolish the unit share system entirely. Under the Companies Act, the number of shares constituting one unit cannot exceed 1,000 shares nor 0.5% of the total number of issued shares.

Under the unit share system, shareholders have one voting right for each unit of stock that they hold. Any number of shares less than one full unit have neither voting rights nor rights related to voting rights. Holders of shares constituting less than one unit will have no other shareholder rights if Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation so provide, except that such holders may not be deprived of certain rights specified in the Companies Act or an ordinance of the Ministry of Justice, including the right to receive distribution of Surplus.

A holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may require Sony Corporation to purchase such shares at their market value in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of Sony Corporation. In addition, the Articles of Incorporation of Sony Corporation provide that a holder of shares constituting less than one full unit may request Sony Corporation to sell to such holder such amount of shares which will, when added together with the shares constituting less than one full unit, constitute one full unit of stock. Such request by a holder and the sale by Sony Corporation must be made in accordance with the provisions of the Share Handling Regulations of Sony Corporation. As prescribed in the Share Handling Regulations, such requests shall be made through an account management institution and JASDEC pursuant to the rules set by JASDEC, without going through the notification procedure required for the exercise of the shareholders’ rights to which shareholders are entitled, regardless of whether such shareholder held shares on the requisite record date, as described in “General.” Shares constituting less than a full unit are transferable, under the central book-entry transfer system described in “General.” Under the rules of the Japanese stock exchanges, however, shares constituting less than a full unit do not comprise a trading unit, except in limited circumstances, and accordingly may not be sold on the Japanese stock exchanges.

Sale by Sony Corporation of shares held by shareholders whose location is unknown

Sony Corporation is not required to send a notice to a shareholder if a notice to such shareholder fails to arrive at the registered address of the shareholder in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation continuously for five years or more.

In addition, Sony Corporation may sell or otherwise dispose of shares of capital stock for which the location of the shareholder is unknown. Generally, if (i) notices to a shareholder fail to arrive continuously for five years or more at the shareholder’s registered address in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation, and (ii) the shareholder fails to receive distributions of Surplus on the shares continuously for five years or more at the address registered in Sony Corporation’s register of shareholders or at the address otherwise notified to Sony Corporation, Sony Corporation may sell or otherwise dispose of such shareholder’s shares at the then market price of the shares by a determination of a Corporate Executive Officer and after giving at least three months’ prior public and individual notice, and hold or deposit the proceeds of such sale or disposal of shares for such shareholder.

Reporting of substantial shareholdings

The Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan and its related regulations require any person, regardless of residence, who has become, beneficially and solely or jointly, a holder of more than 5% of the total


issued shares of capital stock of a company listed on any Japanese stock exchange or whose shares are traded on the over-the-counter market in Japan to file with the Director General of the competent Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance within five business days a report concerning such shareholdings. A similar report must also be filed in respect of any subsequent change of 1% or more in any such holding, or any change in material matters set out in reports previously filed, with certain exceptions. For this purpose, shares issuable to such persons upon conversion of convertible securities or exercise of share subscription warrants or stock acquisition rights are taken into account in determining both the number of shares held by such holders and the issuer’s total issued share capital. Any such report shall be filed with the Director General of the relevant Local Finance Bureau of the Ministry of Finance through the Electronic Disclosure for Investors’ Network (EDINET) system.

Ownership restrictions

Except for the general limitation under Japanese anti-trust and anti-monopoly regulations against holding of shares of capital stock of a Japanese corporation which leads or may lead to a restraint of trade or monopoly, except for the limitations under the Foreign Exchange Regulations as described in “Item 10D. Exchange Controls” of Sony Corporation’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, and except for general limitations under the Companies Act or Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation on the rights of shareholders applicable regardless of residence or nationality, there is no limitation under Japanese laws and regulations applicable to Sony Corporation or under its Articles of Incorporation on the rights of non-residents or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on the shares of capital stock of Sony Corporation.

There is no provision in Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation or internal regulations that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Sony Corporation and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Sony Corporation.

II. Description of American Depositary Shares

General

Citibank, N.A. serves as the Depositary for the American Depositary Shares. Citibank’s depositary offices are located at 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013. American Depositary Shares are frequently referred to as “ADSs” and represent ownership interests in securities that are on deposit with the Depositary. ADSs may be represented by certificates that are commonly known as “American Depositary Receipts” or “ADRs.” The Depositary typically appoints a custodian to safekeep the securities on deposit. In this case, the Custodian is The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., having its principal office at Global Securities Services Division, 3-2, Nihombashi Hongokucho 1-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0021 Japan.

Sony Corporation has appointed Citibank as Depositary pursuant to a Deposit Agreement. A copy of the Deposit Agreement is on file with the SEC under cover of a Registration Statement on Form F-6. Holders of ADSs may obtain a copy of the Deposit Agreement from the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and from the SEC’s website (www.sec.gov). Please refer to Registration Number 333-198953 when retrieving such copy.

Sony Corporation is providing this summary description of the material terms of the ADSs and of ADS holders’ material rights as owners of ADSs. Please remember that summaries by their nature lack the precision of the information summarized and that the rights and obligations of ADS owners will be determined by reference to the terms of the Deposit Agreement and not by this summary. This summary should be read together with Sony Corporation’s Deposit Agreement in its entirety. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings given to them in the Deposit Agreement. The portions of this summary description that are italicized describe matters that may be relevant to the ownership of ADSs but that may not be contained in the Deposit Agreement.

Each ADS represents the right to receive, and to exercise the beneficial ownership interests in, one Share that is on deposit with the Depositary and/or the Custodian. An ADS also represents the right to receive, and to exercise the beneficial interests in, any other property received by the Depositary or the Custodian on behalf of the owner of the ADS but that has not been distributed to an ADS owner because of legal restrictions or practical considerations. Sony Corporation and the Depositary may agree to change the ADS-to-Shares ratio by amending the Deposit Agreement. This amendment may give rise to, or change, the Depositary fees payable by ADS owners. The Custodian, the Depositary and their respective nominees will hold all deposited property for the benefit of the holders and beneficial owners of ADSs. The deposited property does not constitute the proprietary assets of the Depositary, the Custodian or their nominees. Beneficial ownership in the deposited property will under the terms of the Deposit Agreement be vested in the beneficial owners of the ADSs. The Depositary, the Custodian and their respective nominees will be the record holders of the deposited property represented by the


ADSs for the benefit of the holders and beneficial owners of the corresponding ADSs. A beneficial owner of ADSs may or may not be the holder of ADSs. Beneficial owners of ADSs will be able to receive, and to exercise beneficial ownership interests in, the deposited property only through the registered holders of the ADSs, by the registered holders of the ADSs (on behalf of the applicable ADS owners) only through the Depositary, and by the Depositary (on behalf of the owners of the corresponding ADSs) directly, or indirectly, through the Custodian or their respective nominees, in each case upon the terms of the Deposit Agreement.

An owner of ADSs becomes a party to the Deposit Agreement and therefore will be bound to its terms and to the terms of any ADR that represents the ADSs. The Deposit Agreement and the ADR specify Sony Corporation’s rights and obligations as well as ADS holders’ rights and obligations as owners of ADSs and those of the Depositary. ADS holders appoint the Depositary to act on the holders’ behalf in certain circumstances. The Deposit Agreement and the ADRs are governed by New York law. However, Sony Corporation’s obligations to the holders of Shares will continue to be governed by the laws of Japan, which may be different from the laws in the United States.

In addition, applicable laws and regulations may require holders of ADSs to satisfy reporting requirements and obtain regulatory approvals in certain circumstances. Holders of ADSs are solely responsible for complying with such reporting requirements and obtaining such approvals. Neither the Depositary, the Custodian, Sony Corporation or any of their or Sony Corporation’s respective agents or affiliates shall be required to take any actions whatsoever on behalf of ADS holders to satisfy such reporting requirements or obtain such regulatory approvals under applicable laws and regulations.

Sony Corporation will not treat ADS holders as its shareholders and ADS holders will not have direct shareholder rights. The Depositary will hold on ADS holders’ behalves the shareholder rights attached to the Shares underlying their ADSs. ADS holders will be able to exercise the shareholder rights for the Shares represented by their ADSs through the Depositary only to the extent contemplated in the Deposit Agreement. To exercise any shareholder rights not contemplated in the Deposit Agreement, ADS owners need to arrange for the cancellation of their ADSs and become direct shareholders.

The manner in which a holder of ADSs owns the ADSs (e.g., in a brokerage account vs. as registered holder, or as holder of certificated vs. uncertificated ADSs) may affect the holder’s rights and obligations, and the manner in which, and extent to which, the Depositary’s services are made available to the holder. A holder of ADSs may hold ADSs either by means of an ADR registered in the holder’s name, through a brokerage or safekeeping account, or through an account established by the Depositary in the holder’s name reflecting the registration of uncertificated ADSs directly on the books of the Depositary (commonly referred to as the “direct registration system” or “DRS”). The direct registration system reflects the uncertificated (book-entry) registration of ownership of ADSs by the Depositary. Under the direct registration system, ownership of ADSs is evidenced by periodic statements issued by the Depositary to the holders of the ADSs. The direct registration system includes automated transfers between the Depositary and The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), the central book-entry clearing and settlement system for equity securities in the United States. If a holder of ADSs decides to hold ADSs through the holder’s brokerage or safekeeping account, the holder must rely on the procedures of the holder’s broker or bank to assert the holder’s rights as an ADS owner. Banks and brokers typically hold securities such as ADSs through clearing and settlement systems such as DTC. The procedures of such clearing and settlement systems may limit an ADS holder’s ability to exercise the holder’s rights as an owner of ADSs. A holder of ADSs who has any questions concerning these limitations and procedures should consult with the holder’s broker or bank. All ADSs held through DTC will be registered in the name of a nominee of DTC.

The registration of the Shares in the name of the Depositary or the Custodian shall, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, vest in the Depositary or the Custodian the record ownership in the applicable Shares with the beneficial ownership rights and interests in such Shares being at all times vested with the beneficial owners of the ADSs representing the Shares. The Depositary or the Custodian shall at all times be entitled to exercise the beneficial ownership rights in all deposited property, in each case only on behalf of the holders and beneficial owners of the ADSs representing the deposited property.

Dividends and distributions

Holders of ADSs generally have the right to receive the distributions Sony Corporation makes on the securities deposited with the Custodian. An ADS holder’s receipt of these distributions may be limited, however, by practical considerations and legal limitations. Holders of ADSs will receive such distributions under the terms of the Deposit Agreement in proportion to the number of ADSs held as of the specified record date, after deduction of the applicable fees, taxes and expenses.


Distributions of cash

Whenever Sony Corporation makes a cash distribution for the securities on deposit with the Custodian, Sony Corporation will deposit the funds with the Custodian. Upon receipt of confirmation from the Custodian of the deposit of the requisite funds, the Depositary will, if at the time of receipt thereof any funds received in a currency other than U.S. dollars can, in the judgment of the Depositary, be converted on a practicable basis into U.S. dollars transferable to the United States, arrange for the funds so received to be converted into U.S. dollars and for the distribution of the U.S. dollars to the holders, subject to the laws and regulations of Japan.

The Depositary will apply the same method for distributing the proceeds of the sale of any property (such as undistributed rights) held by the Custodian in respect of securities on deposit.

The distribution of cash will be made net of the fees, expenses, taxes and governmental charges payable by holders under the terms of the Deposit Agreement. The Depositary will hold any cash amounts it is unable to distribute in a non-interest bearing account for the benefit of the applicable holders and beneficial owners of ADSs until the distribution can be effected or the funds that the Depositary holds must be escheated as unclaimed property in accordance with the laws of the relevant states of the United States.

Distributions of shares

Whenever Sony Corporation makes a free distribution of Shares for the securities on deposit with the Custodian, Sony Corporation will deposit the applicable number of Shares with the Custodian. Upon receipt of confirmation of such deposit, the Depositary will either distribute to holders new ADSs representing the Shares deposited or modify the ADS-to-Shares ratio, in which case each ADS held will represent rights and interests in the additional Shares so deposited. Only whole new ADSs will be distributed. Fractional entitlements will be sold and the proceeds of such sale will be distributed as in the case of a cash distribution.

The distribution of new ADSs or the modification of the ADS-to-Shares ratio upon a distribution of Shares will be made net of the fees, expenses, taxes and governmental charges payable by holders under the terms of the Deposit Agreement. In order to pay such taxes or governmental charges, the Depositary may sell all or a portion of the new Shares so distributed.

No such distribution of new ADSs will be made if it would violate a law (e.g., the U.S. securities laws) or if it is not operationally practicable. If the Depositary does not distribute new ADSs as described above, it may sell the Shares received upon the terms described in the Deposit Agreement and will distribute the proceeds of the sale as in the case of a distribution of cash.

Distributions of rights

Whenever Sony Corporation intends to distribute rights to subscribe for additional Shares, Sony Corporation will give prior notice to the Depositary and Sony Corporation will assist the Depositary in determining whether it is lawful and reasonably practicable to distribute rights to subscribe for additional ADSs to holders.

The Depositary will establish procedures to distribute rights to subscribe for additional ADSs to holders and to enable such holders to exercise such rights if it is lawful and reasonably practicable to make the rights available to ADS holders, and if Sony Corporation provides all of the documentation contemplated in the Deposit Agreement (such as opinions to address the lawfulness of the transaction). An ADS holder may have to pay fees, expenses, taxes and other governmental charges to subscribe for the new ADSs upon the exercise of the holder’s rights. The Depositary is not obligated to establish procedures to facilitate the distribution and exercise by holders of rights to subscribe for new Shares other than in the form of ADSs.

The Depositary will not distribute the rights to holders of ADSs if:

 

   

Sony Corporation does not timely request that the rights be distributed to holders or Sony Corporation requests that the rights not be distributed to holders;

 

   

Sony Corporation fails to deliver reasonably satisfactory documents to the Depositary; or

 

   

It is not reasonably practicable to distribute the rights.

The Depositary will sell the rights that are not exercised or not distributed if such sale is lawful and reasonably practicable. The proceeds of such sale will be distributed to holders as in the case of a cash distribution. If the Depositary is unable to sell the rights, it will allow the rights to lapse.


Elective distributions

Whenever Sony Corporation intends to distribute a dividend payable at the election of shareholders either in cash or in additional shares, Sony Corporation will give prior notice thereof to the Depositary and will indicate whether Sony Corporation wishes the elective distribution to be made available to holders of ADSs. In such case, Sony Corporation will assist the Depositary in determining whether such distribution is lawful and reasonably practicable.

The Depositary will make the election available to holders of ADSs only if the Depositary has determined, upon consultation with Sony Corporation, that it is reasonably practicable and if Sony Corporation has provided all of the documentation contemplated in the Deposit Agreement. In such case, the Depositary will establish procedures to enable holders of ADSs to elect to receive either cash or additional ADSs, in each case as described in the Deposit Agreement.

If the election is not made available to holders of ADSs, holders will receive either cash or additional ADSs, depending on what a shareholder in Japan would receive upon failing to make an election, as more fully described in the Deposit Agreement.

Other distributions

Whenever Sony Corporation intends to distribute property other than cash, Shares or rights to subscribe for additional Shares, Sony Corporation will notify the Depositary in advance and will indicate whether Sony Corporation wishes such distribution to be made to ADS holders. If so, Sony Corporation will assist the Depositary in determining whether such distribution to ADS holders is lawful and reasonably practicable.

If it is reasonably practicable to distribute such property to holders of ADSs and if Sony Corporation provides to the Depositary all of the documentation contemplated in the Deposit Agreement, the Depositary will distribute the property to the holders in a manner it deems practicable.

The distribution will be made net of fees, expenses, taxes and governmental charges payable by holders under the terms of the Deposit Agreement. In order to pay such taxes and governmental charges, the Depositary may sell all or a portion of the property received.

The Depositary will not distribute the property to holders of ADSs and will sell the property if:

 

   

Sony Corporation does not request that the property be distributed to holders or if Sony Corporation requests that the property not be distributed to holders;

 

   

Sony Corporation does not deliver reasonably satisfactory documents to the Depositary; or

 

   

The Depositary determines, after consultation with Sony Corporation, that all or a portion of the distribution to holders is not reasonably practicable.

The proceeds of such a sale will be distributed to holders as in the case of a cash distribution.

Redemption

Whenever Sony Corporation decides to redeem any of the securities on deposit with the Custodian, Sony Corporation will notify the Depositary in advance. If the Depositary has determined, after consultation with Sony Corporation, that it is practicable and if Sony Corporation provides all of the documentation contemplated in the Deposit Agreement, the Depositary will provide notice of the redemption to the holders.

The Custodian will be instructed to surrender the Shares being redeemed against payment of the applicable redemption price. The Depositary will, as soon as reasonably practicable, convert into U.S. dollars upon the terms of the Deposit Agreement the redemption funds received in a currency other than U.S. dollars and will establish procedures to enable holders to receive the net proceeds from the redemption upon surrender of their ADSs to the Depositary. A holder of ADSs may have to pay fees, expenses, applicable taxes and other governmental charges upon the redemption of the holder’s ADSs. If less than all ADSs are being redeemed, the ADSs to be retired will be selected on a pro rata basis.

Changes affecting shares

The Shares held on deposit for holders’ ADSs may change from time to time. For example, there may be a change in nominal or par value, split-up, cancellation, consolidation or any other reclassification of such Shares or a recapitalization, reorganization, merger, consolidation or sale of assets of the Company.


If any such change were to occur, holders’ ADSs would, to the extent permitted by law and the Deposit Agreement, represent the right to receive the property received or exchanged in respect of the Shares held on deposit. The Depositary may in such circumstances deliver new ADSs to holders (and deliver ADRs evidencing such ADSs, as applicable), amend the Deposit Agreement, the form of ADR then outstanding and the applicable Registration Statement(s) on Form F-6, call for the exchange of holders’ existing ADRs for new ADRs and take any other actions reasonably requested by Sony Corporation or as the Depositary in consultation with Sony Corporation considers appropriate to reflect as to the ADSs the change affecting the Shares. If, in the reasonable judgment of the Depositary, upon consultation with Sony Corporation, the Depositary may not lawfully distribute such property to holders of ADSs, the Depositary may sell such property and distribute the net proceeds to holders as in the case of a cash distribution.

Issuance of ADSs upon deposit of shares

The Depositary may create ADSs on a holder’s behalf if the holder or the holder’s broker deposits Shares with the Custodian. The Depositary will deliver these ADSs to the person the holder indicates only after the holder pays any applicable issuance fees and any charges and taxes payable for the transfer of the Shares to the Custodian. A holder’s ability to deposit Shares and receive ADSs may be limited by U.S. and Japanese legal considerations applicable at the time of deposit.

The issuance of ADSs may be delayed until the Depositary or the Custodian receives confirmation that all required approvals have been given and that the Shares have been duly transferred to the Custodian. The Depositary will only issue ADSs in whole numbers.

When an ADS holder make a deposit of Shares, the holder will be responsible for transferring good and valid title to the Depositary. As such, the holder will be deemed to represent and warrant that:

 

   

The Shares are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid, non-assessable and legally obtained;

 

   

All preemptive (and similar) rights, if any, with respect to such Shares have been validly waived or exercised;

 

   

The holder is duly authorized to deposit the Shares;

 

   

The Shares presented for deposit are free and clear of any lien, encumbrance, security interest, charge, mortgage or adverse claim, and are not, and the ADSs issuable upon such deposit will not be, “restricted securities” (as defined in the Deposit Agreement); and

 

   

The Shares presented for deposit have not been stripped of any rights or entitlements.

If any of the representations or warranties are incorrect in any way, Sony Corporation and the Depositary may, at the holder’s cost and expense, take any and all actions necessary to correct the consequences of the misrepresentations.

Transfer, combination and split up of ADRs

ADS holders are entitled to transfer, combine or split up their ADRs and the ADSs evidenced thereby. For transfers of ADRs, a holder will have to surrender the ADRs to be transferred to the Depositary and also must:

 

   

Ensure that the surrendered ADR is properly endorsed or otherwise in proper form for transfer;

 

   

Provide such proof of identity and genuineness of signatures as the Depositary deems appropriate;

 

   

Provide any transfer stamps required by the State of New York or the United States; and

 

   

Pay all applicable fees, charges, expenses, taxes and other government charges payable by ADR holders pursuant to the terms of the Deposit Agreement, upon the transfer of ADRs.

To have ADRs either combined or split up, a holder must surrender the ADRs in question to the Depositary with the holder’s request to have them combined or split up, and the holder must pay all applicable fees, charges and expenses payable by ADR holders, pursuant to the terms of the Deposit Agreement and of applicable law, upon a combination or split up of ADRs.

Withdrawal of shares upon cancellation of ADSs

ADS holders are entitled to present their ADSs to the Depositary for cancellation and then receive the corresponding number of underlying Shares at the Custodian’s offices. An ADS holder’s ability to withdraw the


Shares held in respect of the ADSs may be limited by U.S. and Japanese law considerations applicable at the time of withdrawal. In order to withdraw the Shares represented by a holder’s ADSs, the holder will be required to pay to the Depositary the fees for cancellation of ADSs and any charges and taxes payable upon the transfer of the Shares. The holder assumes the risk for delivery of all funds and securities upon withdrawal. Once canceled, the ADSs will not have any rights under the Deposit Agreement.

If ADSs are registered in the holder’s name, the Depositary may ask the holder to provide proof of identity and genuineness of any signature and such other documents as the Depositary may deem appropriate before it will cancel the holder’s ADSs. The withdrawal of the Shares represented by the holder’s ADSs may be delayed until the Depositary receives satisfactory evidence of compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Holders of ADSs should keep in mind that the Depositary will only accept ADSs for cancellation that represent a whole number of securities on deposit.

Pursuant to the Companies Act of Japan and to Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, the release of the Shares may be limited to a unit of 100 Shares (or such other number of Shares as the Articles of Incorporation may from time to time designate as a “unit of shares”) or integral multiples thereof.

Holders of ADSs will have the right to withdraw the securities represented by the holders’ ADSs at any time except for:

 

   

Temporary delays that may arise because (i) the transfer books for the Shares or ADSs are closed, or (ii) Shares are immobilized on account of a shareholders’ meeting or a payment of dividends;

 

   

Obligations to pay fees, taxes and similar charges; or

 

   

Restrictions imposed because of laws or regulations applicable to ADSs or the withdrawal of securities on deposit.

The Deposit Agreement may not be modified to impair an ADS holder’s right to withdraw the securities represented by the holder’s ADSs except to comply with mandatory provisions of law.

Voting rights

Holders of ADSs generally have the right under the Deposit Agreement to instruct the Depositary to exercise the voting rights for the Shares represented by the holders’ ADSs. The voting rights of holders of Shares are described in “Description of Common Shares.”

At Sony Corporation’s request, and as soon as practicable after receipt thereof, the Depositary will distribute to ADS holders any notice of shareholders’ meeting received from Sony Corporation together with information explaining how to instruct the Depositary to exercise the voting rights of the securities represented by ADSs. In lieu of distributing such materials, the Depositary may, with the Company’s prior written consent and to the extent not prohibited by laws or regulations, or by the New York Stock Exchange, distribute to holders of ADSs instructions on how to retrieve such materials upon request.

If the Depositary timely receives voting instructions from a holder of ADSs, it will endeavor to vote the securities (in person or by proxy) represented by the holder’s ADSs in accordance with such voting instructions. The Depositary will not exercise any voting discretion over the securities on deposit.

If the Depositary does not receive timely voting instructions from an ADS holder, such holder will be deemed to have instructed the Depositary to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by Sony Corporation to vote the securities on deposit, except with respect to any matter to be voted on as to which Sony Corporation informs the Depositary that (i) there is contest to the action to be taken at the meeting, (ii) the matter relates to authorizing a merger, consolidation or amalgamation (except an amalgamation with one or more of Sony Corporation’s 100%-owned Japanese subsidiaries), or (iii) the rights or privileges of the holders of such Shares or other securities on deposit may be substantially affected. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Depositary will, if Sony Corporation so requests in writing, represent all securities on deposit (whether or not voting instructions have been received from holders thereof) for the sole purpose of establishing quorum at a meeting of shareholders.

The ability of the Depositary to carry out voting instructions may be limited by practical and legal limitations and the terms of the securities on deposit. Sony Corporation cannot assure ADS holders that they will receive voting materials in time to enable them to return voting instructions to the Depositary in a timely manner.


Fees and charges

See “Item 12D. Description of Securities other than Equity Securities—American Depositary Shares” in Sony Corporation’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

Amendment and termination

Sony Corporation may agree with the Depositary to modify the Deposit Agreement at any time without ADS holders’ consent. Sony Corporation undertakes to give holders 30 days’ prior notice of any modifications that would materially prejudice any of their substantial rights under the Deposit Agreement. Sony Corporation will not consider to be materially prejudicial to ADS holders’ substantial rights any modifications or supplements that are reasonably necessary for the ADSs to be registered under the Securities Act or to be eligible for book-entry settlement, in each case without imposing or increasing the fees and charges that ADS holders are required to pay. In addition, Sony Corporation may not be able to provide ADS holders with prior notice of any modifications or supplements that are required to accommodate compliance with applicable provisions of law.

An ADS holder who continues to hold ADSs after the modifications to the Deposit Agreement become effective will be bound by the modifications to the Deposit Agreement. The Deposit Agreement cannot be amended to prevent a holder of ADSs from withdrawing the Shares represented by the holder’s ADSs (except as permitted by law).

Sony Corporation has the right to direct the Depositary to terminate the Deposit Agreement. Similarly, the Depositary may in certain circumstances on its own initiative terminate the Deposit Agreement. In either case, the Depositary must give notice to ADS holders at least 30 days before termination. Until termination, ADS holders’ rights under the Deposit Agreement will be unaffected.

After termination, the Depositary will continue to collect distributions received (but will not distribute any such property until ADS holders request the cancellation of their ADSs) and may sell the securities held on deposit. After the sale, the Depositary will hold the proceeds from such sale and any other funds then held for the holders of ADSs in a non-interest bearing account. At that point, the Depositary will have no further obligations to ADS holders other than to account for the funds then held for the holders still outstanding (after deduction of applicable fees, taxes and expenses) and as may be required at law in connection with the termination of the Deposit Agreement.

Books of Depositary

The Depositary maintains ADS holder records at its depositary office. A holder of ADSs may inspect such records at such office during regular business hours but solely for the purpose of communicating with other holders in the interest of business matters relating to the ADSs and the Deposit Agreement.

The Depositary maintains in New York facilities to record and process the issuance, cancellation, combination, split-up and transfer of ADSs. These facilities may be closed from time to time, to the extent not prohibited by law.

Limitations on obligations and liabilities

The Deposit Agreement limits Sony Corporation’s obligations and the Depositary’s obligations to holders of ADSs. Please note the following:

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary, and their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and affiliates, are obligated only to take the actions specifically stated in the Deposit Agreement without negligence or bad faith.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary, and their respective controlling persons, directors, officers, employees agents, and affiliates, disclaim any liability for any failure of the Depositary to carry out voting instructions, for any manner in which a vote is cast or for the effect of any vote, provided it acts in good faith and in accordance with the terms of the Deposit Agreement.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary disclaim any liability for any failure to determine the lawfulness or practicality of any action, for the investment risks associated with investing in Shares or other deposited property, for the validity or worth of the Shares or other deposited property, for any tax consequences that result from the ownership of ADSs, Shares or other deposited property, for the credit-worthiness of any third party, for allowing any rights to lapse under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, for the timeliness of any of Sony Corporation’s notices or for Sony Corporation’s failure to give notice, or for any action of or failure to act by, or any information provided or not provided by, DTC or any DTC Participant.


   

The Depositary disclaims any liability for the content of any document forwarded to holders of ADSs on Sony Corporation’s behalf or for the accuracy of any translation of such a document.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary will not be obligated to perform any act that is inconsistent with the terms of the Deposit Agreement.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary disclaim any liability if Sony Corporation or the Depositary are prevented or forbidden from or subject to any civil or criminal penalty or restraint on account of, or delayed in, doing or performing any act or thing required by the terms of the Deposit Agreement, by reason of any provision, present or future of any law or regulation, or by reason of present or future provision of Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation, or any provision of or governing the securities on deposit, or by reason of any act of God or war or other circumstances beyond Sony Corporation’s control.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary disclaim any liability by reason of any exercise of, or failure to exercise, any discretion provided for in the Deposit Agreement or in Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation or in any provisions of or governing the securities on deposit.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary further disclaim any liability for any action or inaction in reliance on the advice or information received from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting Shares for deposit, any holder of ADSs or authorized representatives thereof, or any other person believed by either of Sony Corporation or the Depositary in good faith to be competent to give such advice or information.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary also disclaim liability for the inability by a holder to benefit from any distribution, offering, right or other benefit that is made available to holders of Shares but is not, under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, made available to holders of ADSs.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary also disclaim liability for any consequential or punitive damages (including lost profits) for any breach of the terms of the Deposit Agreement.

 

   

Sony Corporation and the Depositary, and their controlling persons and agents, may rely without any liability upon any written notice, request or other document reasonably believed to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper parties.

 

   

No disclaimer of liability under the Securities Act is intended by any provision of the Deposit Agreement.

 

   

Nothing in the Deposit Agreement gives rise to a partnership or joint venture, or establishes a fiduciary relationship, among Sony Corporation, the Depositary and ADS holders.

 

   

Nothing in the Deposit Agreement precludes the Depositary (or its affiliates) from engaging in transactions in which parties adverse to Sony Corporation or the ADS owners have interests, and nothing in the Deposit Agreement obligates the Depositary to disclose those transactions, or any information obtained in the course of those transactions, to Sony Corporation or to the ADS owners, or to account for any payment received as part of those transactions.

Taxes

Holders of ADSs will be responsible for the taxes and other governmental charges payable on the ADSs and the securities represented by the ADSs, and Sony Corporation will have no liability therefor. Sony Corporation, the Depositary and the Custodian may deduct from any distribution the taxes and governmental charges payable by holders and may sell any and all property on deposit to pay the taxes and governmental charges payable by holders. ADS holders will be liable for any deficiency if the sale proceeds do not cover the taxes that are due.

The Depositary may refuse to issue ADSs, to deliver, transfer, split and combine ADRs or to release securities on deposit until all taxes and charges are paid by the applicable holder. The Depositary and the Custodian may take reasonable administrative actions to obtain tax refunds and reduced tax withholding for any distributions on an ADS holder’s behalf. However, an ADS holder may be required to provide to the Depositary and to the Custodian proof of taxpayer status and residence and such other information as the Depositary and the Custodian may require to fulfill legal obligations. An ADS holder is required to indemnify Sony Corporation, the Depositary and the Custodian for any claims with respect to taxes based on any tax benefit obtained for the holder.

Foreign currency conversion

As soon as reasonably practicable, the Depositary will arrange for the conversion of all foreign currency received into U.S. dollars if in the reasonable judgment of the Depositary such conversion is practicable, and it


will distribute the U.S. dollars in accordance with the terms of the Deposit Agreement. An ADS holder may have to pay any applicable fees, any reasonable and customary expenses incurred in converting foreign currency, and any expenses incurred in complying with currency exchange controls and other governmental requirements.

If the conversion of foreign currency is not practicable or lawful, or if any required approvals are denied or not obtainable at a reasonable cost or within a reasonable period, the Depositary may take the following actions in its reasonable discretion:

 

   

Convert the foreign currency to the extent practicable and lawful and distribute the U.S. dollars to the holders for whom the conversion and distribution is lawful and practicable;

 

   

Distribute the foreign currency to holders for whom the distribution is lawful and practicable; or

 

   

Hold the foreign currency (without liability for interest) for the applicable holders.

Governing law

The Deposit Agreement and the ADRs will be interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. The rights of holders of Shares (including Shares represented by ADSs) are governed by the laws of Japan.

Ownership restrictions

Sony Corporation may restrict, in such manner as it deems appropriate, transfers of ADSs where such transfer might result in the total number of Shares represented by ADSs owned by a single ADS holder exceeding any limits imposed by applicable law or Sony Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation. Sony Corporation may also, in its sole discretion but subject to applicable law, instruct the Depositary to take certain actions with respect to the ownership interest of any ADS holder in excess of these limits.

The Financial Instruments and Exchange Act of Japan, and other applicable Japanese law, require any ADS holder who becomes, or ceases to be, directly or indirectly, the beneficial owner of more than 5% of all outstanding Shares (whether such interest is held in whole or only in part through ADRs) to, within five business days following such event, send written notice to the Depositary at its Transfer Office and to Sony Corporation at its principal office in Japan currently at 7-1, Konan 1-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan, Attention: Investor Relations Department. For more details on the information that must be included in the notice, please refer to the Deposit Agreement. A similar notice must also be filed in respect of any subsequent change of 1% or more in any such holding, or any change in material matters set out in notices previously filed. In addition, the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act of Japan and its related cabinet orders and ministerial ordinances govern certain aspects relating to the holding of ADSs and the exercise of voting rights by an ADS holder who falls into the definition of “foreign investor” that constitute an “inward direct investment”, as described in more detail in “Item 10D. Exchange Controls” of Sony Corporation’s annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.

An ADS holder shall, if so requested in writing by Sony Corporation, provide such information with respect to the beneficial ownership of Shares as is requested.

If Sony Corporation notifies the Depositary in writing that a particular ADS holder has not complied with the requirements above, at Sony Corporation’s written request the Depositary will instruct the ADS holder to surrender its ADSs for cancellation so as to permit Sony Corporation to deal directly with the ADS holder as a shareholder of Sony Corporation.

EX-12.1 302 Certification

Exhibit 12.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Kenichiro Yoshida, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Sony Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

      /s/ KENICHIRO YOSHIDA
Date: June 26, 2020      

Kenichiro Yoshida

Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

EX-12.2 302 Certification

Exhibit 12.2

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Hiroki Totoki, Executive Deputy President and Chief Financial Officer, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Sony Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

           /s/ HIROKI TOTOKI
Date: June 26, 2020      

Hiroki Totoki

Executive Deputy President and Chief Financial Officer

EX-13.1 906 Certification

Exhibit 13.1

Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Sony Corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

The Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 (the “Form 20-F”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 20-F fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

 

/s/ KENICHIRO YOSHIDA

Kenichiro Yoshida
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

 

/s/ HIROKI TOTOKI

Hiroki Totoki
Executive Deputy President and Chief Financial Officer

Date: June 26, 2020

EX-15.1 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC

Exhibit 15.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-170714, 333-178115, 333-185261, 333-192436, 333-200414, 333-208113, 333-214758, 333-219266, 333-221693, 333-223219, 333-226338, 333-228421, 333-232729, 333-234753 and 333-237683) of Sony Corporation of our report dated June 26, 2020 relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 20-F.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Aarata LLC

Tokyo, Japan

June 26, 2020

v3.20.1
Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other - Additional Information (Detail)
€ in Millions, ¥ in Millions
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2015
EUR (€)
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Purchase commitments and other outstanding   ¥ 684,911
Litigation case about optical disk drive business, fine from European Commission | € € 31  
Maximum potential amount of future payments under guarantees   2,214
Financial Services    
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Unused portion of lines of credit extended to customers   34,306
Pictures    
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Purchase commitments and other outstanding   ¥ 126,917
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term   3 years
Music    
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Purchase commitments and other outstanding   ¥ 128,678
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term   5 years
Game & Network Services    
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Purchase commitments and other outstanding   ¥ 29,243
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term   8 years
Advertising and Promotional Rights    
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Purchase commitments and other outstanding   ¥ 5,162
Purchase commitments and other outstanding, term   1 year
Fixed Assets    
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Purchase commitments and other outstanding   ¥ 199,145
Materials    
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Line Items]    
Purchase commitments and other outstanding   ¥ 115,670
v3.20.1
Acquisitions - Summary of Purchase Price Allocation (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Business Combination, Transactions [Line Items]      
Goodwill ¥ 783,888 ¥ 768,552 ¥ 530,492
Measurement Period Adjustments [Member]      
Business Combination, Transactions [Line Items]      
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   (98)  
Goodwill   (1,206)  
Total assets   (1,304)  
Accrued income and other taxes   (69)  
Deferred income taxes   (1,235)  
Total liabilities   (1,304)  
Previously Reported [Member]      
Business Combination, Transactions [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents   12,971  
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets   32,287  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   10,220  
Securities investments and other   1,476  
Intangibles, net   420,534  
Goodwill   237,271  
Other   10,023  
Total assets   724,782  
Notes and accounts payable, trade   1,731  
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses   70,675  
Accrued income and other taxes   3,082  
Long-term debt   148,621  
Accrued pension and severance costs   1,947  
Deferred income taxes   94,849  
Other   5,564  
Total liabilities   326,469  
Acquired Assets and Liabilities at Fair Value Final [Member]      
Business Combination, Transactions [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents   12,971  
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets   32,287  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   10,122  
Securities investments and other   1,476  
Intangibles, net   420,534  
Goodwill   236,065  
Other   10,023  
Total assets   723,478  
Notes and accounts payable, trade   1,731  
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses   70,675  
Accrued income and other taxes   3,013  
Long-term debt   148,621  
Accrued pension and severance costs   1,947  
Deferred income taxes   93,614  
Other   5,564  
Total liabilities   ¥ 325,165  
AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd      
Business Combination, Transactions [Line Items]      
Cash and cash equivalents 27,380    
Marketable securities 530,851    
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 21,933    
Goodwill 3,609    
Other 406    
Total assets 599,508    
Future insurance policy benefits and other 66,599    
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business 495,248    
Other 4,979    
Total liabilities ¥ 566,826    
v3.20.1
Business Segment Information (Components of Segment Profit or Loss) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) ¥ 845,459 ¥ 894,235 ¥ 734,860
Other income 21,949 144,735 23,728
Other expenses (67,958) (27,322) (59,539)
Consolidated income before income taxe 799,450 1,011,648 699,049
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 917,647 968,910 798,943
Operating Segments | Game & Network Services      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 238,400 311,092 177,478
Operating Segments | Music      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 142,345 232,487 127,786
Operating Segments | Pictures      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 68,157 54,599 41,110
Operating Segments | Electronics Products & Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 87,276 76,508 133,129
Operating Segments | Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 235,584 143,874 164,023
Operating Segments | Financial Services      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 129,597 161,477 178,947
Operating Segments | All Other      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) 16,288 (11,127) (23,530)
Corporate and Eliminations      
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) ¥ (72,188) ¥ (74,675) ¥ (64,083)
v3.20.1
Acquisitions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Acquisitions
25.
Acquisitions
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
EMI Music Publishing acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
 
On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing, for the equity purchase price of 257,168 million yen (2,269 million U.S. dollars), which includes payments related to warrants and management equity plans. Sony paid all the consideration in cash upon the acquisition. As a result of this acquisition, EMI has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. This acquisition allows Sony to build upon its music publishing library by providing the Company with full ownership of the EMI Music Publishing catalog which was being administered by Sony’s wholly-owned music publishing subsidiary, Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 28,871 million yen (260 million U.S. dollars) and 6,432 million yen (58 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI since the date of acquisition. Sony’s consolidated income statements for the three months ended March 31, 2019 include revenue and operating income of 18,420 million yen (167 million U.S. dollars) and 4,522 million yen (41 million U.S. dollars), respectively, attributable to EMI.
Prior to the acquisition, Sony’s interest in EMI was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As a result of Sony obtaining a controlling interest in EMI, Sony consolidated EMI using the acquisition method of accounting and recorded the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities assumed and residual goodwill of EMI. Sony remeasured the approximately 40% equity interest in EMI that Sony already owned prior to the acquisition at a fair value of 141,141 million yen (1,245 million U.S. dollars) which resulted in the recognition of a
non-cash
gain of 116,939 million yen (1,032 million U.S. dollars) recorded in other operating income, net for the three months ended December 31, 2018. Sony did not record any tax expense or deferred tax liability corresponding to this gain. Sony also assumed EMI’s existing interest-bearing debt of 148,621 million yen (1,311 million U.S. dollars) as a result of this acquisition, of which 108,942 million yen (961 million U.S. dollars) was repaid immediately from Sony’s existing cash.
The following table summarizes the preliminary and final fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities of EMI that were recorded in the Music segment. Certain areas of the purchase price allocation were not yet finalized as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, including the valuation of income taxes and residual goodwill.
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Acquired assets
and liabilities
recorded at fair
value as of
acquisition date
(Preliminary)
 
 
Measurement
period
adjustments
 
 
Acquired assets
and liabilities
recorded at fair
value as of
acquisition date
(Final)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
12,971
     
     
12,971
 
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets
   
32,287
     
     
32,287
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
10,220
     
(98
)    
10,122
 
Securities investments and other
   
1,476
     
     
1,476
 
Intangibles, net
   
420,534
     
     
420,534
 
Goodwill
   
237,271
     
(1,206
)    
236,065
 
Other
   
10,023
     
     
10,023
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
724,782
     
(1,304
)    
723,478
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Notes and accounts payable, trade
   
1,731
     
     
1,731
 
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses
   
70,675
     
     
70,675
 
Accrued income and other taxes
   
3,082
     
(69
)    
3,013
 
Long-term debt
   
148,621
     
     
148,621
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
1,947
     
     
1,947
 
Deferred income taxes
   
94,849
     
(1,235
)    
93,614
 
Other
   
5,564
     
     
5,564
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
326,469
     
(1,304
)    
325,165
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangibles mainly consists of music publishing catalogs with weighted average amortization periods of 43 years. Goodwill represents unidentifiable intangible assets, such as future growth from new revenue streams and synergies with existing Sony assets and businesses, and is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is included in the Music segment.
The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Sony and EMI as though the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018: 
                 
 
Yen in millions,
Yen per share amounts
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
Net sales
   
8,612,280
     
8,738,209
 
Operating income
   
854,786
     
801,973
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
584,019
     
817,629
 
Per share data:
   
     
 
— Basic EPS
   
462.08
     
645.53
 
— Diluted EPS
   
451.88
     
631.55
 
 
 
 
 
 
The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information is based on estimates and assumptions, which Sony believes are reasonable, and is not intended to represent or be indicative of what Sony’s consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders would have been had the acquisition been completed at the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 and should not be taken as indicative of Sony’s future
consolidated net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders. The unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information includes the elimination of equity in net income and consolidation of EMI, the adjustment of the gain from the remeasurement of the previously owned equity interest, incremental intangible asset amortization, net of the related tax effects and the adjustments of expenses incurred in relation to warrants and management equity plans.
(2)
Insomniac Games, Inc. acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
On November 15, 2019, Sony Interactive Entertainment LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary in the G&NS segment of Sony, completed the acquisition of Insomniac Games, Inc. (“Insomniac Games”), a game developer. The consideration for this acquisition of 24,895 million yen (229 million U.S. dollars) was mainly paid in cash. As a result of this acquisition, Insomniac Games has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.
As a result of this acquisition, Sony recorded 17,945 million yen (164 million U.S. dollars) of goodwill and 6,794 million yen (62 million U.S. dollars) of intangible assets. The cash consideration paid in this transaction, net of cash received, is included within Other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.
(3)
Silvergate Media acquisition
 
 
 
 
 
On December 9, 2019, Sony, through a wholly-owned subsidiary in the Pictures segment, acquired Silvergate Media Group (“Silvergate”), a company focused on developing, producing and licensing children’s animation. The consideration for this acquisition of 21,017 million yen (192 million U.S. dollars) was paid in cash. As a result of this acquisition, Sony owns (1) 100% of Silvergate Topco Limited, which holds all assets of Silvergate other than certain rights held by Silvergate BP Bidco Limited, and (2) 31% of Silvergate BP Bidco Limited, the entity through which Silvergate produces its Peter Rabbit television series, and Sony recorded 11,431 million yen (106 million U.S. dollars) of goodwill and 3,387 million yen (32 million U.S. dollars) of intangible assets. The cash consideration paid in this transaction, net of cash received, is included within Other in the investing activities section of the consolidated statements of cash flows. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.
(4)
Acquisition of equity interests in joint ventures in the life insurance business
 
 
 
 
 
On January 29, 2020, Sony Life, Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, acquired 50% of the shares of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”) from AEGON International B.V. The purchase price for the acquisition was 18,750 million yen and Sony Life paid all the consideration in cash upon the acquisition. As a result of this acquisition, Sony Life owns 100% of the shares of the JVs and the JVs have become consolidated subsidiaries of Sony. Sony Life will endeavor to make use of the strength and
know-how
of the variable annuity business accumulated by AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd, strengthen the initiatives for the senior market, and improve earnings in an early stage by enhancing efficiency through integrated operation and organizational management. AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. has changed its name to “Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd.,”
as of
April 1, 2020.
Prior to the acquisition, Sony’s interest in the JVs was accounted for under the equity method of accounting. As a result of Sony obtaining a controlling interest in the JVs, Sony consolidated the JVs using the acquisition method of accounting and recorded the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities assumed and residual goodwill of the JVs. Sony remeasured
the 50%
equity interest in the JVs that Sony already owned prior to the acquisition at a fair value
of 13,932 
million yen which resulted in the recognition of a
non-cash
gain
of 1,827 
million yen recorded in other operating income, net. Sony did not record any tax expense or deferred tax liability corresponding to this gain.
The following table summarizes the fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities of the JVs that were recorded in the Financial Services segment.
         
 
Yen in millions
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
27,380
 
Marketable securities
   
530,851
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
21,933
 
Securities investments and other
   
15,329
 
Goodwill
   
3,609
 
Other
   
406
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
599,508
 
   
 
 
 
Future insurance policy benefits and other
   
66,599
 
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
495,248
 
Other
   
4,979
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
566,826
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill represents the expected improvement of profitability due to business integration with Sony Life and operational efficiency, and is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired and is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill recorded in connection with this acquisition is included in the Financial Services segment.
Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material.
(5)
Other acquisitions
 
 
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 27,459 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 20,013 million yen of goodwill and 4,980 million yen of intangible assets.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 7,743 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 5,773 million yen of goodwill and 4,422 million yen of intangible assets.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony completed other acquisitions for total consideration of 6,853 million yen which were paid for primarily in cash and there was no material contingent consideration subject to future change. As a result of these acquisitions, Sony recorded 6,778 million yen of goodwill and 2,301 million yen of intangible assets.
No significant amounts have been allocated to
in-process
research and development and all of the entities described above have been consolidated into Sony’s results of operations since their respective acquisition dates. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effects of other acquisitions, individually and in aggregate, were not material.
v3.20.1
Business segment information
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Business segment information
29.
Business segment information
 
 
 
The reportable segments presented below are the segments of Sony for which separate financial information is available and for which operating profit or loss amounts are evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The CODM does not evaluate segments using discrete asset information. Sony’s CODM is its Chief Executive Officer and President.
Sony realigned its business segments from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 to reflect modifications to the organizational structure of certain segments and a change in the Senior Executives in charge of certain segments as of April 1, 2019. In connection with this decision, the former Home Entertainment & Sound, Imaging Products & Solutions and Mobile Communications segments have been realigned as the EP&S segment. In connection with this realignment, the sales and operating revenue and operating income (loss) of each segment for the comparative periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. In addition, the former Semiconductors segment has been renamed the I&SS segment effective from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 20
20.
The G&NS segment includes network services businesses, the manufacture and sales of home gaming products and production and sales of software. The Music segment includes the Recorded Music, Music Publishing and Visual Media and Platform businesses. The Pictures segment includes the Motion Pictures, Television Productions and Media Networks businesses. The
EP&S segment includes the Televisions business, the Audio and Video business, the Still and Video Cameras business, the smartphone business and Internet-related service business. The I&SS segment includes the image sensors business. The Financial Services segment primarily represents individual life insurance and
non-life
insurance businesses in the Japanese market and a bank business in Japan. All Other consists of various operating activities, including the disc manufacturing and recording media businesses. Sony’s products and services are generally unique to a single operating segment.
Segment sales and operating revenue:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,848,298
     
2,224,622
     
1,919,760
 
Intersegment
   
95,514
     
86,250
     
57,791
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,943,812
     
2,310,872
     
1,977,551
 
Music —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
784,792
     
795,025
     
838,592
 
Intersegment
   
15,203
     
12,464
     
11,317
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
799,995
     
807,489
     
849,909
 
Pictures —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,010,173
     
985,270
     
1,010,714
 
Intersegment
   
894
     
1,603
     
1,140
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,011,067
     
986,873
     
1,011,854
 
Electronics Products & Solutions —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
2,582,813
     
2,303,167
     
1,969,880
 
Intersegment
   
17,542
     
17,461
     
21,388
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,600,355
     
2,320,628
     
1,991,268
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
726,892
     
770,622
     
985,259
 
Intersegment
   
123,118
     
108,708
     
85,317
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
850,010
     
879,330
     
1,070,576
 
Financial Services —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,221,235
     
1,274,708
     
1,299,847
 
Intersegment
   
7,142
     
7,831
     
7,901
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,228,377
     
1,282,539
     
1,307,748
 
All Other —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
351,527
     
299,806
     
214,999
 
Intersegment
   
55,647
     
45,931
     
36,421
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
407,174
     
345,737
     
251,420
 
Corporate and elimination
   
(296,808
)    
(267,781
)    
(200,441
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
G&NS intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with All Other. I&SS intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment and the EP&S segment. All Other intersegment amounts primarily consist of transactions with the G&NS segment, the Music segment and the Pictures segment. Corporate and elimination includes certain brand and patent royalty income.
Segment profit or loss:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Operating income (loss):
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
177,478
     
311,092
     
238,400
 
Music
   
127,786
     
232,487
     
142,345
 
Pictures
   
41,110
     
54,599
     
68,157
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
133,129
     
76,508
     
87,276
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
164,023
     
143,874
     
235,584
 
Financial Services
   
178,947
     
161,477
     
129,597
 
All Other
   
(23,530
)    
(11,127
)    
16,288
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
798,943
     
968,910
     
917,647
 
Corporate and elimination
   
(64,083
)    
(74,675
)    
(72,188
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated operating income
   
734,860
     
894,235
     
845,459
 
Other income
   
23,728
     
144,735
     
21,949
 
Other expenses
   
(59,539
)    
(27,322
)    
(67,958
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated income before income taxes
   
699,049
     
1,011,648
     
799,450
 
                         
 
 
 
Operating income (loss) is sales and operating revenue less costs and expenses, and includes equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies.
Corporate and elimination includes headquarters restructuring costs and certain other corporate expenses, including the amortization of certain intellectual property assets such as the cross-licensing of intangible assets acquired from Ericsson at the time of the Sony Mobile Communications acquisition, which are not allocated to segments.
Other significant items:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
 
Music
   
4,483
     
(6,915
)    
4,239
 
Pictures
   
(129
)    
106
     
(629
)
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
(102
)    
(38
)    
136
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
0
 
Financial Services
   
(61
)    
(682
)    
(104
)
All Other
   
4,378
     
4,530
     
5,995
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,569
     
(2,999
)    
9,637
 
                         
Depreciation and amortization:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
29,091
     
29,023
     
29,135
 
Music
   
18,230
     
21,259
     
29,137
 
Pictures
   
24,458
     
24,081
     
21,665
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
64,279
     
61,749
     
63,291
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
99,258
     
110,746
     
134,035
 
Financial Services, including deferred insurance acquisition costs
   
79,843
     
91,179
     
106,667
 
All Other
   
5,910
     
4,940
     
5,095
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
321,069
     
342,977
     
389,025
 
Corporate
   
40,375
     
31,049
     
27,617
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
361,444
     
374,026
     
416,642
 
                         
 
 
 
The following table is a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for each segment. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
 
Digital Software and
Add-on
Content
   
762,220
     
1,102,231
     
1,010,296
 
Network Services
   
270,972
     
326,524
     
337,265
 
Hardware and Others
   
815,106
     
795,867
     
572,199
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,848,298
     
2,224,622
     
1,919,760
 
Music
   
     
     
 
Recorded Music — Streaming
   
197,439
     
227,513
     
276,039
 
Recorded Music — Others
   
249,521
     
199,413
     
191,114
 
Music Publishing
   
74,360
     
106,666
     
157,478
 
Visual Media and Platform
   
263,472
     
261,433
     
213,961
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
784,792
     
795,025
     
838,592
 
Pictures
   
     
     
 
Motion Pictures
   
448,945
     
436,017
     
475,061
 
Television Productions
   
289,024
     
288,816
     
301,224
 
Media Networks
   
272,204
     
260,437
     
234,429
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,010,173
     
985,270
     
1,010,714
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
     
     
 
Televisions
   
861,763
     
788,423
     
646,513
 
Audio and Video
   
357,194
     
362,580
     
346,060
 
Still and Video Cameras
   
415,318
     
421,506
     
384,142
 
Mobile Communications
   
713,916
     
487,330
     
362,144
 
Other
   
234,622
     
243,328
     
231,021
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,582,813
     
2,303,167
     
1,969,880
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
726,892
     
770,622
     
985,259
 
Financial Services
   
1,221,235
     
1,274,708
     
1,299,847
 
All Other
   
351,527
     
299,806
     
214,999
 
Corporate
   
18,252
     
12,467
     
20,834
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony has realigned its product category configuration in regard to the new EP&S segment from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Sony has also realigned its product category configuration in the Music segment with more detailed breakdown in Recorded Music from the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. In connection with these realignments, all prior period sales amounts by product category in the table above have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
In the G&NS segment, Digital Software and
Add-on
Content includes distribution of software titles and
add-on
contents through network by Sony Interactive Entertainment; Network Services includes network services relating to game, video and music content; Hardware and Others includes home and portable game consoles, packaged software and peripheral devices. In the Music segment, Recorded Music — Streaming includes the distribution of digital recorded music by streaming; Recorded Music — Others includes the distribution of recorded music by physical media and digital download as well as revenue derived from artists’ live performances; Music Publishing includes the management and licensing of the words and music of songs; Visual Media and Platform includes the production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles, and various service offerings for music and visual products. In the Pictures segment, Motion Pictures includes the worldwide production, acquisition and distribution of live-action and animated motion pictures; Television Productions includes the production, acquisition and distribution of television programming; Media Networks includes the operation of television and digital networks worldwide. In the EP&S segment, Televisions includes LCD and OLED televisions; Audio and Video includes
Blu-ray
disc
players and recorders, home audio, headphones and memory-based portable audio devices; Still and Video Cameras includes interchangeable lens cameras, compact digital cameras, consumer video cameras and video cameras for broadcast; Mobile Communications includes smartphones and an internet-related service business; Other includes display products such as projectors and medical equipment.
Within the EP&S segment, the operating loss of Mobile Communications for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was (27,636) million yen, (97,136) million yen and (21,057) million yen, respectively.
Geographic Information:
Sales and operating revenue attributed to countries and areas based on location of external customers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 and property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Japan
   
2,625,619
     
2,591,784
     
2,472,479
 
United States
   
1,835,705
     
1,982,135
     
1,864,390
 
Europe
   
1,841,457
     
1,862,166
     
1,697,791
 
China
   
674,718
     
770,416
     
845,235
 
Asia-Pacific
   
1,024,179
     
912,193
     
892,026
 
Other Areas
   
542,304
     
546,993
     
487,964
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets*:
   
     
 
Japan
   
590,694
     
946,922
 
United States
   
113,581
     
214,226
 
Europe
   
22,622
     
67,799
 
China
   
11,694
     
17,996
 
Asia-Pacific
   
34,273
     
46,932
 
Other Areas
   
4,189
     
7,379
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
777,053
     
1,301,254
 
                 
 
 
 
 
*
As of March 31, 2020, the amounts include operating lease right-of-use assets, which were recognized from April 1, 2019 onward as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02.
 
 
 
Major countries and areas in each geographic segment excluding Japan, United States and China are as follows:
     
(1) Europe:
 
United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia, Spain and Sweden
(2) Asia-Pacific:
 
India, South Korea, Oceania, Thailand and Malaysia
(3) Other Areas:
 
The Middle East/Africa, Brazil, Mexico and Canada
 
 
 
 
There are no individually material countries with respect to sales and operating revenue or property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets included in Europe, Asia-Pacific and Other Areas.
Transfers between reportable business segments or geographic areas are made at individually negotiated prices that are intended to reflect a market-based transfer price.
There were no sales and operating revenue with any single major external customer for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
v3.20.1
Insurance-related accounts
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Insurance [Abstract]  
Insurance-related accounts
10.
Insurance-related accounts
 
 
 
 
 
Sony’s Financial Services segment subsidiaries in Japan maintain their accounting records as described in Note 2 in accordance with the accounting principles and practices generally accepted in Japan, which vary in some respects from U.S. GAAP.
Those differences are mainly that insurance acquisition costs for life and
non-life
insurance contracts are charged to income when incurred in Japan whereas in the United States those costs are deferred and amortized
generally over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies, and that future policy benefits for life insurance contracts calculated locally under the authorization of the supervisory administrative agencies are comprehensively adjusted using mainly the net level premium method with certain adjustments of actuarial assumptions for U.S. GAAP purposes. For the purpose of preparing the consolidated financial statements, appropriate adjustments have been made to reflect the accounting for these items in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
The combined amounts of statutory net equity of the insurance subsidiaries, which is not measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP, as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 were 548,730 million yen and 586,983 million yen, respectively.
(1)
Insurance policies
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance policies that subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment underwrite, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. The life insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 857,766 million yen, 910,011 million yen and 1,052,316 million yen, respectively. Property and casualty insurance policies that a subsidiary in the Financial Services segment underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts, which are categorized as short-duration contracts. The
non-life
insurance revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 105,497 million yen, 111,392 million yen and 115,730 million yen, respectively.
(2)
Deferred insurance acquisition costs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs charged to income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 amounted to 68,137 million yen, 79,906 million yen and 93,734 million yen, respectively.
At March 31, 2019 and 2020, the balances of deferred insurance acquisition costs of non-traditional life insurance contracts were
209,897 million yen and 206,363 million yen, respectively.
(3)
Future insurance policy benefits
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities for future
insurance
policy benefits, except the portion of liabilities for minimum guarantee
benefits which is described below, which mainly relate to individual life insurance policies, are established in amounts adequate to meet the estimated future obligations of policies in force. These liabilities, which require significant management judgment and estimates, are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. Future policy benefits are computed using interest rates ranging from 0.5% to 4.5% and are based on factors such as market conditions and expected investment returns. Morbidity, mortality and withdrawal assumptions for all policies are based on either the subsidiary’s own experience or various actuarial tables. Generally these assumptions are
locked-in
throughout the life of the contract upon the issuance of new insurance, although significant changes in experience or assumptions may require Sony to provide for expected future losses. 
Liabilities for future policy benefits includes the liabilities for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts. The details regarding the minimum guarantee benefits are presented in (5) below. Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for future insurance policy benefits. Refer to Note 13.
At March 31, 2019 and 2020, future insurance policy benefits amounted to 5,633,865 million yen and 6,237,048 million yen, respectively.
(4)
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represents an accumulation of account deposits plus credited interest less withdrawals, expenses and mortality charges. Policyholders’ account includes universal life insurance and investment contracts. Universal life insurance includes interest sensitive whole life contracts and
variable
 
life
insurance
contracts. The credited rates associated with interest sensitive whole life contracts range from 1.7% to 2.0%. For variable
life insurance
 
contracts, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. Investment contracts mainly include single payment endowment contracts, single payment educational endowment contracts, individual variable annuities and policies after the start of annuity payments.
The credited rates associated with investment contracts, except for individual variable annuities, range from 0.01% to 6.3%. For individual variable annuities, policy values are expressed in terms of investment units. Each unit is linked to an asset portfolio. The value of a unit increases or decreases based on the value of the linked asset portfolio. The liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business includes the liabilities related to the variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Refer to Note 13.
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business is comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Universal life insurance
   
2,104,646
     
2,611,577
 
Investment contracts
   
816,903
     
885,690
 
Other
   
126,653
     
145,004
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
3,048,202
     
3,642,271
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5)
Minimum guarantee benefit for variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Regarding variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts, minimum guarantee benefits (minimum death benefit, minimum accumulation benefit, etc.) are provided, and Sony bears the risk of fulfilling the minimum guarantee benefits prescribed in the contracts to policyholders. The fair value option is applied to the portion of the liability for variable annuity contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. Refer to Note 13. Excluding the portion of the liability measured at fair value, the liability for the minimum guarantee benefit is calculated based on the ratio of the present value of expected total excess payments divided by the present value of expected total assessments over the life of the contract. Mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates and investment yield are used as significant assumptions for this calculation.
 
The policyholders’ account value, net amount at risk, liability for the minimum guarantee benefit, and average attained age at March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows.
                         
 
Yen in million
s
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life 
insurance contracts
 
 
Total
 
Policyholder
s
’ account value
   
     
1,092,559
     
1,092,559
 
Net amount at risk
   
     
4,334,224
     
4,334,224
 
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit
   
     
63,423
     
63,423
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Age
 
 
 
March 31 2019
 
 
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life
insurance contracts
 
Average attained age
   
     
44
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in million
s
 
 
March 31
,
 2020
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life 
insurance contracts
 
 
Total
 
Policyholder
s
’ account value
   
464,093
     
1,096,935
     
1,561,028
 
Net amount at risk
   
71,685
     
4,564,214
     
4,635,899
 
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit
   
64,045
     
79,860
     
143,905
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Age
 
 
 
 
March 31 2020
 
 
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life
insurance contracts
 
Average attained age
   
60
     
45
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Transfer of financial assets
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]  
Transfer of financial assets
6.
Transfer of financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony has established several accounts receivable sales programs mainly within the EP&S segment. Through these programs, Sony can sell receivables to a commercial bank or a special purpose entity associated with a sponsor bank. Total receivables sold during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 84,718 million yen, 81,947 million yen and 65,214 million yen, respectively. These transactions are accounted for as sales in accordance with the accounting guidance for transfers of financial assets, because Sony has relinquished control of the receivables. Sony includes the sales proceeds from these receivables as cash flows within operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows because the receivables are the result of operating activities and are short term in nature. Gains and losses from these transactions were insignificant. Although Sony continues servicing the receivables subsequent to being sold or contributed, no servicing assets or liabilities are recorded as the costs of collection of the sold receivables and the income from servicing such receivables are insignificant.
Certain accounts receivable sales programs above also involve VIEs. Refer to Note 24.
v3.20.1
Summary of significant accounting policies
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of significant accounting policies
2
.
Summary of significant accounting policies
 
 
 
 
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). Certain adjustments and reclassifications have been incorporated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements to conform with U.S. GAAP. These adjustments were not recorded in the statutory books and records as Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan maintain their records and prepare their statutory financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Japan, while its foreign subsidiaries maintain their records and prepare their financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the countries of their domicile.
(1)
Significant accounting policies
Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies -
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sony Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiary companies, general partnerships and other entities in which Sony has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which Sony is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in business entities in which Sony does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, generally through
20-50%
ownership, are accounted for under the equity method. In addition, investments in general partnerships in which Sony does not have a controlling interest and limited partnerships are also accounted for under the equity method if more than minor influence over the operation of the investee exists (generally through more than
3-5%
ownership). When the interest in the partnership is so minor that Sony has no significant influence over the operation of the investee, the interest in the partnership is carried at fair value. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost plus/minus Sony’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses. Sony’s equity in current earnings or losses of such entities is reported net of income taxes and is included in operating income (loss) after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits. If the value of an investment has declined and is judged to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value.
On occasion, a consolidated subsidiary or an affiliated company accounted for by the equity method may issue its shares to third parties in either a public or private offering or upon conversion of convertible debt to common stock at amounts per share in excess of or less than Sony’s average per share carrying value. With respect to such transactions, the resulting gains or losses arising from the change in ownership interest are recorded in earnings within the fiscal year in which the change in interest transactions occurs.
Gains or losses that result from a loss of a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary are recorded in earnings along with fair value remeasurement gains or losses on any retained investment in the entity, while a change in interest
in
a consolidated subsidiary that does not result in a change in control is accounted for as a capital transaction and no gains or losses are recorded in earnings.
The excess of the cost over the underlying net equity of investments in consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for on an equity basis is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on fair values at the date of acquisition. The unassigned residual value of the excess of the cost over Sony’s underlying net equity is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance.
Use of estimates -
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates include those used in determining the valuation of investment securities, valuation of inventories, fair values of long-lived assets, fair values of goodwill and other intangible assets, fair values of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, product warranty liability, pension and severance plans, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, film costs, and insurance related liabilities. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates. The timing and extent to which the spread of COVID-19 may negatively impact Sony’s business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain. This uncertainty could result in greater variability in accounting estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, those used in reviewing goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment and the valuation of deferred tax assets.
Translation of foreign currencies -
All asset and liability accounts of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are translated into Japanese yen at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and all income and expense accounts are translated at exchange rates that approximate those rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon remeasurement of a previously held equity interest in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations achieved in stages, accumulated translation adjustments, if any, are included in earnings.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and the resulting translation gains or losses are recognized into income.
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash -
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Sony includes restricted cash within cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.
Marketable debt and equity
securities
-
Debt securities designated as
available-for-sale
are carried at fair value with
unrealized
gains or losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Equity securities that have a readily determinable fair value, and debt securities classified as trading securities, are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in income. Debt securities that are expected to be
held-to-maturity
are carried at amortized cost. Individual securities classified as either
available-for-sale
or
held-to-maturity
are reduced to fair value by a charge to income when an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses are determined on the average cost method and are reflected in income.
Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.
In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as
available-for-sale,
Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline
is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the fair value of the security is not more than 20 percent or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary.
When an other-than-temporary impairment of a
held-to-maturity
debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For other-than-temporary impairment of the debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values -
Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. If the value of equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values is estimated to have declined and such decline is judged to be other-than-temporary, Sony recognizes the impairment of the investment and the carrying value is reduced to its fair value. Determination of impairment is based on the consideration of several factors, including operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows. Fair value is determined through the use of various methodologies such as discounted cash flows, valuation of recent financings and comparable valuations of similar companies.
Allowance for doubtful accounts -
Sony maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. Sony reviews accounts receivable by amounts due from customers which are past due to identify specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the reserve, Sony makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on past collection experience and ongoing credit risk evaluations.
Inventories -
Inventories in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”), Music, Electronics Products & Solutions (“EP&S”) and Imaging & Sensing Solutions (“I&SS”) segments as well as
non-film
inventories for the Pictures segment are valued at cost, not in excess of the net realizable value – i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal, cost being determined on the “average cost” basis.
Other receivables -
Other receivables include receivables which relate to arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. No revenue or profit is recognized on these transfers. Sony will repurchase the inventory at a later date from the component manufacturers as either finished goods inventory or as partially assembled product.
Film costs -
Film costs include direct production costs, production overhead and acquisition costs for both motion picture and television productions and are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated fair value and
classified as noncurrent assets. Film costs are amortized, and the estimated liabilities for residuals and participations are accrued using an individual-film-forecast method based on the ratio of current period actual revenues to the estimated remaining total revenues. Film costs also include broadcasting rights, which are recognized when the license period begins and the program is available for use, and consist of acquired programming to be aired on Sony’s worldwide channel network. Broadcasting rights are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value, classified as either current or noncurrent assets based on timing of expected use. Broadcasting rights are amortized based on estimated usage or on a straight-line basis over the useful life, as appropriate, although broadcasting rights licensed under multi-year live-event sports programming agreements are generally amortized based on the ratio of the current period’s actual advertising revenue and an allocation of subscription fee revenue to the estimated total remaining attributable revenues. Estimates used in calculating the fair value of film costs and the net realizable value of broadcasting rights are based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions and are reviewed on a periodic basis.
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation -
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Useful lives for depreciation range from 2 to 50 years for buildings and from 2 to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Significant renewals and additions are capitalized at cost. Maintenance and repairs, and minor renewals and betterments are charged to income as incurred.
Leases -
When entering into a contract, Sony determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at its inception. An arrangement contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases are included in operating lease
right-of-use
assets, current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on Sony’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in finance lease
right-of-use
assets, current portion of long-term debt, and long-term debt on Sony’s consolidated balance sheets.
Right-of-use
assets represent Sony’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Sony’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets also include any lease payments or initial direct costs incurred on or before the commencement date and excludes lease incentives. In determining the present value of lease payments, Sony generally uses its incremental borrowing rate, as the implicit rate is not available for most of its leases. Sony determines its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing, taking into account the lease term and the economic environment of each country or region at commencement date. The lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that Sony will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases recorded on the balance sheet is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Sony accounts for the lease and
non-lease
components of all underlying asset classes as a single lease component. Sony has applied the short-term lease exception for leases with a term of one year or less, where right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are not recognized and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis
.
As of April 1, 2019, Sony adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, which amends leasing guidance, on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on April 1, 2019, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases were not recognized in Sony’s consolidated balance sheet. For the detailed effect of the adoption of the new standard on Sony’s results of operations and financial position, refer to Note 2 (2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements.
Goodwill and other intangible assets -
Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.
In the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one
level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.
The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and
mid-range
plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.
Management believes that the assumptions used to estimate the fair value in the goodwill impairment tests are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of COVID-19. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower than currently anticipated cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in assumptions could negatively affect the valuations, which may result in Sony recognizing impairment charges for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets in the future.
When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.
Intangible assets with finite useful lives mainly consist of patent rights,
know-how,
license agreements, customer relationships, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed,
internal-use
software, music catalogs, artist contracts, and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements). Patent rights,
know-how,
license agreements, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and
internal-use
software are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over 3 to 10 years. Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over 10 to 44 years.
Capitalized software -
The costs related to establishing the technological feasibility of software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred as a part of research and development in cost of sales. Costs that are incurred to produce the finished product after technological feasibility is established are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. The technological feasibility of game software is established when the product master is completed. Consideration to capitalize game software development costs before this point is limited to the development costs of games for which technological feasibility can be proven at an earlier stage. At each balance sheet date, Sony performs reviews to ensure that unamortized capitalized software costs remain recoverable from future profits of the related software products.
The costs incurred for
internal-use
software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized, mainly to selling, general and administrative expenses, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Costs related to the preliminary project stage and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred.
Deferred insurance acquisition costs -
Costs that vary with and are directly related to the acquisition or renewal of insurance policies are deferred as long as they are recoverable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs include such items as commissions, medical examination costs and inspection report fees, and are subject to recoverability testing at least annually to ensure that the capitalized amounts do not exceed the present value of anticipated gross profits or premiums less benefits and maintenance expenses, as applicable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy reserves. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts are amortized over the expected life at a constant rate based on the present value of the estimated gross profit. Investment yields, mortality rates, lapse rates and discount rates are used as important assumptions for the present value of the estimated gross profit.
Product warranty -
Sony provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The product warranty is calculated based upon product sales, estimated probability of failure and estimated cost per claim. The variables used in the calculation of the provision are reviewed on a periodic basis.
Future insurance policy benefits -
Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits are primarily comprised of the present value of estimated future payments to policyholders. These liabilities are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. These assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Liabilities for future policy benefits includes the liabilities for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts. As discussed below in “Fair value measurement,” Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for future insurance policy benefits.
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business -
Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholders as of the balance sheet date. This liability is generally equal to the accumulated account deposits, plus interest credited, less policyholder withdrawals and other charges assessed against the account balances. Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business includes the liabilities related to the variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. As discussed below in “Fair value measurement,” Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business.
Impairment of long-lived assets -
Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, and assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the individual carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss would be recognized during the period for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds estimated fair value. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held and used until they are disposed of. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell and are not depreciated. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.
Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair values are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of COVID-19. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower future cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in Sony’s businesses or assumptions could negatively affect the valuations of long-lived assets.
Fair value measurement -
Sony measures fair value as an exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Sony has elected the fair value option in the banking business for certain foreign securities. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates by allowing the gains and losses on the translation of these securities to be included in current earnings. Sony has also elected the fair value option for certain future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business which are not normally measured at fair value. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to the changes in the fair value between liabilities for those future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account due to changes in the minimum guarantee risk of contracts of variable annuities with minimum guarantee benefits, and the underlying investment managed for policyholders and derivatives. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk were estimated by incorporating the certain subsidiary’s current credit spreads, and are recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The accounting guidance for fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Sony’s assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable market data is used if such data is available without undue cost and effort. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
These levels are:
         
Level 1
 
 
Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
         
Level 2
 
 
Inputs are based on observable inputs other than level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
         
Level 3
 
 
One or more significant inputs are unobservable.
 
 
 
 
When available, Sony uses unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets to measure fair value and classifies such items within level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates and option volatilities. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. For certain financial assets and liabilities, Sony determines fair value using third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers and quantitative input from investment advisors following Sony’s established valuation procedures including validation against internally developed prices. Additionally, Sony considers both counterparty credit risk and Sony’s own creditworthiness in determining fair value. Sony attempts to mitigate credit risk to third parties by entering into netting agreements and actively monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties and its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit limits and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties.
Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the interim period in which the transfers occur.
Derivative financial instruments -
All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a gross basis. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized periodically in income or stockholders’ equity (as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income), depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies as a hedge and the derivative is being used to hedge changes in fair value or cash flows.
The accounting guidance for hybrid financial instruments permits an entity to elect fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument if the hybrid instrument contains an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately under accounting guidance for
derivative instruments and hedging activities. The election to measure the hybrid instrument at fair value is made on an
instrument-by-instrument
basis and is irreversible. Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment had hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, that contain embedded derivatives where the entire instrument was carried at fair value.
In accordance with accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities, various derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.
Fair value hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges for recognized assets or liabilities or unrecognized firm commitments are recognized in earnings as offsets to changes in the fair value of the related hedged assets or liabilities.
Cash flow hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for forecasted transactions or exposures associated with recognized assets or liabilities are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. The time value component of the fair value of option contracts is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedging instruments. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and
the
accumulated amount recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis is recognized in other comprehensive income.
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in earnings.
Assessment of hedges
When applying hedge accounting, Sony formally documents all hedging relationships between the derivatives designated as hedges and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedging activities. Sony links all hedges that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to the specific forecasted transactions. Sony also assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an
on-going
basis, whether the derivatives that are designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Sony discontinues hedge accounting.
Stock-based compensation -
Sony accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value
-
based method and the expense is mainly included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Sony accounts for its stock acquisition rights plan using the fair value measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The stock acquisition rights plan is recognized, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, over the requisite service period using the accelerated method of amortization for grants with graded vesting. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on Sony’s historical experience in the stock acquisition rights plans where the majority of the vesting terms have been satisfied.
Revenue recognition -
Sony recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration Sony expects in exchange for satisfying performance obligations to transfer the goods or services promised in contracts with customers. This is in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 3: Determine the transaction price.
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) Sony satisfies a performance obligation.
Sony owns a variety of intellectual property throughout segments and recognizes revenue through the licensing of such intellectual property. Sony has both functional and symbolic intellectual property. The licensing of functional intellectual property grants a customer a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at a point in time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation at the point in time when the customer obtains control and is entitled to benefit from the license. The licensing of symbolic intellectual property grants a customer a right to access Sony’s intellectual property over time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation over the license period as Sony maintains the intellectual property.
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are recognized as assets when Sony expects to recover these costs. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Costs to fulfill a contract are those costs that are directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract and that generate or enhance resources for Sony to satisfy its performance obligations. Sony applies a practical expedient and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less.
Performance obligations in contracts for the EP&S and I&SS segments are primarily to deliver various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices to customers. Revenues from these performance obligations are generally recognized when a promised good is delivered to a customer. However, if the sales contract contains a customer acceptance provision, then revenues are recognized when the customer accepts the promised good or when a deemed acceptance occurs by the lapse of time. Revenues are also recognized over time, primarily from the provision of internet broadband network services to subscribers over the subscription period. Revenues are recognized net of anticipated returns and sales incentives.
Within the G&NS segment, revenues from hardware, peripherals and software discs are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control to the retailer/distributor, net of anticipated returns, sales incentives and cooperative advertising obligations. Revenues from platform licensing to publishers are recognized when physical software discs are delivered. Revenues from digital game content, which is licensed functional intellectual property, are recognized when the digital content is made available for use by the licensee via an online platform, net of anticipated sales incentives and credit card chargebacks. Revenues from digital game content involving multiple performance obligations, such as obligations to make content available on future dates, are allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices that are observable in the market or Sony’s best estimate. Revenues from subscription fees for digital subscription services are recognized over the subscription period.
Within the Music segment, Sony licenses intellectual property that transfer to a customer either a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at the point in time in which the license is granted, or a right to access Sony’s intellectual property as it exists throughout the license period. Revenues are recognized when the customer has the right to use or access the intellectual property and obtains control of the use or access of that license. Digital revenues include revenues from contracts with digital streaming services typically recognized as a single performance obligation, which is ongoing access to intellectual property in an evolving library of content over the contract term, predicated on: (1) the business practice and contractual ability to remove specific content without a requirement to replace the content and without impact to minimum royalty guarantees and (2) the contracts not containing a specific listing of content subject to the license. For these contracts, revenues are recognized on the basis of sales and usage royalties, except where there is an amount of a minimum royalty guarantee that is not expected to be recouped, or a fixed fee, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenues from the sale of physical product such as CDs, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public.
Within the Pictures segment, revenues from the theatrical exhibition of motion pictures are recognized as the customer exhibits the film. Revenues from the licensing of motion picture and television programming for pay and free television exhibition and other markets are recognized when the product is available for use by the licensee. Revenues for motion picture and television program licensing arrangements involving multiple performance obligations, for example a fee for multiple titles, territories or availability dates, are allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation using Sony’s best estimate based on available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. Each individual motion picture or television programming product delivered generally represents a separate performance obligation. Licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized when the licensee can use and benefit from the content under the renewal or extension. Licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property is
recognized ratably over the license term. For home entertainment distribution, revenues from the sale of physical product such as DVDs and
Blu-ray
Disc
TM
, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public. Revenues from electronic sell-through and
video-on-demand
are recognized when the product is made available for viewing via digital distribution platforms. Revenues from the sale of broadcast advertising are recognized when the advertisement is aired, and the performance obligation in these arrangements is the delivery of advertising spots and may include a guaranteed amount of impressions. When a guarantee for a number of impressions is not achieved, revenues are not recognized until additional advertising spots are delivered to provide the guaranteed impressions. Revenues from subscription fees received by television networks are recognized when the service is provided. The performance obligation under network subscription arrangements is a license of functional intellectual property that is satisfied as programming is provided over the term of the arrangement.
Traditional life insurance policies that the life insurance subsidiary underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue when due from policyholders.
Amounts received as payment for
non-traditional
contracts such as interest sensitive whole life contracts, individual annuity contracts and other contracts without life contingencies are recognized in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of fees earned for administrative and contract-holder services, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in financial services revenue.
Property and casualty insurance policies that the
non-life
insurance subsidiary underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts which are categorized as short-duration contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.
Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
Cost of sales -
Costs classified as cost of sales relate to the producing and manufacturing of products and include items such as material cost, subcontractor cost, depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets, personnel expenses, research and development costs, and amortization of film costs related to motion picture and television productions.
Research and development costs -
Research and development costs, included in cost of sales, include items such as salaries, personnel expenses and other direct and indirect expenses associated with research and product development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Selling, general and administrative -
Costs classified as selling expenses relate to promoting and selling products and include items such as advertising, promotion, shipping and warranty expenses. General and administrative expenses include operating items such as officers’ salaries, personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, office rental for sales, marketing and administrative divisions, a provision for doubtful accounts and amortization of intangible assets.
Financial services expenses -
Financial services expenses include a provision for policy reserves and amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs, and all other operating costs, such as personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, and office rental of subsidiaries, in the Financial Services segment.
Advertising costs -
Advertising costs are expensed when the advertisement or commercial appears in the selected media.
Shipping and handling costs -
The majority of shipping and handling, warehousing and internal transfer costs for finished goods are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. An exception to this is in the Pictures segment where such costs are charged to cost of sales as they are an integral part of producing and distributing motion pictures and television programming. All other costs related to Sony’s distribution network are included in cost of sales, including inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs for raw materials and
in-process
inventory. Shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers are treated as separate performance obligations. Amounts paid by customers for shipping and handling costs are included in net sales.
Income taxes -
The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income included in the consolidated statements of income, and the tax liability attributed to undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future. The asset and liability approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.
Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of appreciated asset value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.
Sony records assets and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Sony continues to recognize interest and penalties, if any, with respect to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, as interest expense and as income tax expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. The amount of income taxes Sony pays is subject to ongoing audits by various taxing authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. In addition, several significant items related to intercompany transfer pricing are currently the subject of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions as a result of pending advance pricing agreement applications and competent authority requests. Sony’s estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issues is judgmental and requires significant estimates. Sony assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examinations based upon the evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at that reporting date. For those tax positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, Sony records the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. If Sony does not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized. However, Sony’s future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to Sony’s estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, the outcome of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements or other relevant events. As a result, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, and the effective tax rate, may fluctuate significantly.
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) subjects a U.S. entity to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by its foreign subsidiaries. Sony has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.
Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders per share (“EPS”) -
Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted EPS reflects the maximum possible dilution from conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities. All potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation in a situation where there is a net loss attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders.
Leases -
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 
2016-02,
which amends the accounting guidance for leases. The ASU requires substantially all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. Sony has adopted this ASU effective April 1, 2019, on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. Sony has elected the package of practical expedients for leases that expired or existed prior to the adoption date. As a result, Sony did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or whether initial direct costs for any existing leases qualify for capitalization. In addition, Sony has applied the short-term lease exception.
As a result of the adoption of this ASU, Sony recognized 316,923 million yen of operating lease
right-of-use
assets and 341,251 million yen of lease liabilities for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets at April 1, 2019. This impact is mainly due to operating leases of real estate. The difference of 24,328 million yen between
right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities represents deferred rent for leases that existed as of the date of adoption, which was offset against the opening balance of operating lease
right-of-use
assets. Finance lease
 
right-of-use
assets which are included in property, plant and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, are now presented as finance lease
right-of-use
assets from April 1, 2019 onward.
Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities
-
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, which requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount will not be affected. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities -
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU
2017-12,
which made targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting for both
non-financial
and financial risks and better align the recognition and measurement of hedge results with an entity’s risk management activities. This ASU also amends certain presentation and disclosure requirements for hedging activities and changes how an entity assesses hedge effectiveness. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
(3)
Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments -
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU
2016-13,
which amends the accounting guidance for credit losses on financial instruments. The ASU requires the consideration of all available relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions and forecasts and their implications for expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials -
In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-02,
which updates the guidance for the capitalization of film costs associated with episodic television series, requires the use of fair value rather than net realizable value when determining potential impairments of broadcasting rights, and modifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for films and broadcasting rights. In addition, upon capitalization of film costs entities are required to determine qualitatively whether the predominant monetization strategy is on a
title-by-title
basis or together with other films and/or broadcast rights as part of a film group, such as in the case of a release of a film as part of a library of content on a streaming service. In the case of a film group, impairments are evaluated at the overall film group level rather than the individual title level. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and is applied on a prospective basis. Upon adoption, Sony will reclassify
 approximately
24.1
b
illion yen of broadcasting rights in the Pictures segment and
 ap
proximately
 7.4
 
b
illion yen of animation film production costs in the Music segment included in inventor
ies
 to film costs.
Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-12,
which revises the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-09
to defer the effective date of ASU
2018-12
to January 1, 2022. The ASU prescribes comprehensive changes to recognition and measurement of certain long-duration insurance contracts and assumptions and introduces certain financial statement presentation requirements, as well as significant additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2022. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.
Disclosures for Fair Value Measurement -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-13,
which amends disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. Since this ASU only impacts disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Disclosures for Defined Benefit Plans -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-14,
which amends disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Since this ASU only impacts disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Income Taxes -
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which simplifies the accounting requirements for income taxes. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2021 and amendments within this ASU are required to be applied on a prospective basis, except certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.
Reference Rate Reform -
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, which provides optional relief for certain contracts impacted by reference rate reform. The relief provided by the amendments is permitted to be adopted any time through December 31, 2022. Sony is still evaluating the impact of reference rate reform and whether to apply the optional relief.
(4)
Reclassifications
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certain reclassifications of the financial statements and accompanying footnotes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 have been made to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
v3.20.1
Transfer of Financial Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Transfers and Servicing [Abstract]      
Trade accounts receivable sold ¥ 65,214 ¥ 81,947 ¥ 84,718
v3.20.1
Leases-Summary of other information related to leases (Detail)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities  
Payments for operating leases, included in cash flows from operating activities ¥ 71,612
Payments for finance leases, included in cash flows from financing activities 33,088
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities ¥ 124,380
v3.20.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets) (Detail)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Net, Amortization Expense, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]  
2020 ¥ 97,978
2021 82,057
2022 66,079
2023 50,098
2024 ¥ 38,658
v3.20.1
Marketable Securities and Securities Investments (Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses, Aggregated by Investment Category and Length of Time of Continuous Unrealized Loss Position) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value ¥ 237,149 ¥ 103,410
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (3,242) (167)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value 49,499 60,193
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses (129) (1,089)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 286,648 163,603
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total (3,371) (1,256)
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, fair value 237,910  
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (6,103)  
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more, fair value 3,727 249,213
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more , unrealized losses (469) (19,587)
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total 241,637 249,213
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total (6,572) (19,587)
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value 475,059 103,410
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (9,345) (167)
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value 53,226 309,406
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses (598) (20,676)
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 528,285 412,816
Held-to-maturity And Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total (9,943) (20,843)
Japanese national government bonds    
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value 51,746  
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (539)  
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value 2,032 4,063
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses (27) (20)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 53,778 4,063
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total (566) (20)
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, fair value 134,320  
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (1,397)  
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total 134,320  
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total (1,397)  
Japanese local government bonds    
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value 25,010 27,404
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (10) (29)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value 16,340 4,872
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses (23) (5)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 41,350 32,276
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total (33) (34)
Japanese corporate bonds    
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value 62,118 25,725
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (548) (21)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value 10,694 19,925
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses (19) (202)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 72,812 45,650
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total (567) (223)
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, fair value 98,172  
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (4,285)  
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more, fair value 3,727 97,984
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more , unrealized losses (469) (5,845)
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total 101,899 97,984
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total (4,754) (5,845)
Foreign government bonds    
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value 1,537 15,878
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses (14) (603)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 1,537 15,878
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total (14) (603)
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more, fair value   151,229
Held-to-maturity securities, 12 months or more , unrealized losses   (13,742)
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total   151,229
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total   (13,742)
Foreign corporate bonds    
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value 86,220 50,281
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (2,133) (117)
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, fair value 18,896 15,455
Available-for-sale securities, 12 months or more, unrealized losses (46) (259)
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 105,116 65,736
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total (2,179) ¥ (376)
Securitized products    
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, fair value 5,418  
Held-to-maturity securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (421)  
Held-to-maturity securities, fair value, total 5,418  
Held-to-maturity securities, unrealized losses, total (421)  
Other    
Investments, Unrealized Loss Position [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, fair value 12,055  
Available-for-sale securities, less than 12 months, unrealized losses (12)  
Available-for-sale securities, fair value, total 12,055  
Available-for-sale securities, unrealized losses, total ¥ (12)  
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Net Periodic Benefit Costs) (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Japan      
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]      
Discount rate 0.60% 0.60%  
Rate of compensation increase [1]  
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]      
Discount rate 0.60% 0.80% 0.90%
Expected return on plan assets 2.60% 2.60% 2.40%
Rate of compensation increase [1]
Foreign plans      
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]      
Discount rate 2.00% 2.80%  
Rate of compensation increase 2.20% 2.30%  
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Net Periodic Benefit Cost [Abstract]      
Discount rate 2.80% 2.90% 3.10%
Expected return on plan assets 4.20% 4.40% 4.60%
Rate of compensation increase 2.30% 2.60% 2.40%
[1] Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.
v3.20.1
Leases (Minimum Rental Payments Required under Operating Leases that have Initial or Remaining Noncancelable Lease Terms in Excess of One Year) (Detail)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Operating Leases, Future Minimum Payments Due, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]  
2020 ¥ 58,901
2021 48,823
2022 34,726
2023 25,355
2024 22,152
Later fiscal years 78,507
Total minimum future rentals ¥ 268,464
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Noncurrent assets ¥ 3,391 ¥ 3,476
Noncurrent liabilities (225,048) (296,226)
Ending balance (221,657) (292,750)
Foreign plans    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Noncurrent assets 24,777 14,745
Current liabilities (4,355) (4,412)
Noncurrent liabilities (99,123) (87,502)
Ending balance ¥ (78,701) ¥ (77,169)
v3.20.1
Insurance-Related Accounts (Policyholders' Account in Life Insurance Business) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]    
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business ¥ 3,642,271 ¥ 3,048,202
Universal Life Insurance    
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]    
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business 2,611,577 2,104,646
Investments Contracts    
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]    
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business 885,690 816,903
Other    
Policyholders Account In Life Insurance Business [Abstract]    
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business ¥ 145,004 ¥ 126,653
v3.20.1
Restructuring charges (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Changes in Accrued Restructuring Charges
The changes in the accrued restructuring charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Non-cash

write-downs
and disposals,
net
*
 
 
Other
associated
costs
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
11,634
     
     
9,167
     
20,801
 
Restructuring costs
   
18,999
     
2,233
     
1,147
     
22,379
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(2,233
)    
     
(2,233
)
Cash payments
   
(9,950
)    
     
(6,352
)    
(16,302
)
Adjustments
   
(1,197
)    
     
226
     
(971
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
19,486
     
     
4,188
     
23,674
 
Restructuring costs
   
24,449
     
2,731
     
5,825
     
33,005
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(2,731
)    
     
(2,731
)
Cash payments
   
(19,150
)    
     
(2,555
)    
(21,705
)
Adjustments
   
955
     
     
(357
)    
598
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
25,740
     
     
7,101
     
32,841
 
Restructuring costs
   
22,957
     
100
     
1,653
     
24,710
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(100
)    
     
(100
)
Cash payments
   
(23,385
)    
     
(6,703
)    
(30,088
)
Adjustments
   
(674
)    
     
(131
)    
(805
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
24,638
     
     
1,920
     
26,558
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Costs Incurred in Connection with Restructuring Programs by Segment
Total costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
6,358
     
272
     
6,630
     
     
6,630
 
Pictures
   
2,922
     
     
2,922
     
     
2,922
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
3,384
     
118
     
3,502
     
0
     
3,502
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
28
     
     
28
     
     
28
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
6,307
     
2,990
     
9,297
     
26
     
9,323
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
18,999
     
3,380
     
22,379
     
26
     
22,405
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
2,991
     
201
     
3,192
     
     
3,192
 
Pictures
   
4,795
     
     
4,795
     
     
4,795
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
11,437
     
4,574
     
16,011
     
86
     
16,097
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
     
     
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
5,226
     
3,781
     
9,007
     
     
9,007
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
24,449
     
8,556
     
33,005
     
86
     
33,091
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
3,179
     
6
     
3,185
     
     
3,185
 
Pictures
   
545
     
     
545
     
     
545
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
14,500
     
227
     
14,727
     
     
14,727
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
     
     
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
4,733
     
1,520
     
6,253
     
256
     
6,509
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
22,957
     
1,753
     
24,710
     
256
     
24,966
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Other associated costs includes
non-cash
write-downs and disposals, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Restructuring Charges (Total Costs Incurred in Connection with Restructuring Programs by Segment) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs ¥ 24,710 ¥ 33,005 ¥ 22,379
Depreciation associated with restructured assets 256 86 26
Total 24,966 33,091 22,405
Music      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 3,185 3,192 6,630
Total 3,185 3,192 6,630
Pictures      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 545 4,795 2,922
Total 545 4,795 2,922
Electronics Products & Solutions      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 14,727 16,011 3,502
Depreciation associated with restructured assets   86 0
Total 14,727 16,097 3,502
Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs     28
Total     28
All Other and Corporate      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 6,253 9,007 9,297
Depreciation associated with restructured assets 256   26
Total 6,509 9,007 9,323
Employee termination benefits      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 22,957 24,449 18,999
Employee termination benefits | Music      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 3,179 2,991 6,358
Employee termination benefits | Pictures      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 545 4,795 2,922
Employee termination benefits | Electronics Products & Solutions      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 14,500 11,437 3,384
Employee termination benefits | Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs     28
Employee termination benefits | All Other and Corporate      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 4,733 5,226 6,307
Other associated costs      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs [1] 1,753 8,556 3,380
Other associated costs | Music      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs [1] 6 201 272
Other associated costs | Electronics Products & Solutions      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs [1] 227 4,574 118
Other associated costs | All Other and Corporate      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs [1] ¥ 1,520 ¥ 3,781 ¥ 2,990
[1] Other associated costs includes non-cash write-downs and disposals, net
v3.20.1
Pension and severance plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs
The components of net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
Japanese plans
:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Service cost
   
25,185
     
23,128
     
17,948
 
Interest cost
   
8,024
     
7,020
     
4,162
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(16,440
)    
(16,695
)    
(17,040
)
Recognized actuarial loss
   
16,099
     
15,365
     
12,969
 
Amortization of prior service costs
   
(8,693
)    
(7,864
)    
(4,294
)
Losses on curtailments and settlements
   
     
     
6,358
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit costs
   
24,175
     
20,954
     
20,103
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign plans
:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Service cost
   
3,181
     
2,780
     
3,616
 
Interest cost
   
10,393
     
10,083
     
9,212
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(11,687
)    
(11,797
)    
(10,916
)
Amortization of net transition asset
   
5
     
     
 
Recognized actuarial loss
   
3,014
     
2,656
     
2,606
 
Amortization of prior service costs
   
(574
)    
(269
)    
2
 
Losses on curtailments and settlements
   
1,058
     
1,804
     
68
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit costs
   
5,390
     
5,257
     
4,588
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets as well as Funded Status and Composition of Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets
The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets as well as the funded status and composition of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Change in benefit obligation:
   
     
     
     
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year
   
1,010,574
     
1,034,954
     
356,397
     
351,918
 
Service cost
   
23,128
     
17,948
     
2,780
     
3,616
 
Interest cost
   
7,020
     
4,162
     
10,083
     
9,212
 
Plan participants’ contributions
   
     
     
462
     
487
 
Plan amendments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,210
 
Actuarial (gain) loss
   
29,295
     
(3,330
)    
1,700
     
19,776
 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
   
     
     
(1,554
)    
(16,919
)
Curtailments and settlements
   
     
(359,205
)    
(6,120
)    
(4,434
)
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries
   
     
     
1,947
     
 
Other
   
6
     
2
     
     
 
Benefits paid
   
(35,069
)    
(35,668
)    
(13,777
)    
(14,055
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year
   
1,034,954
     
658,863
     
351,918
     
359,811
 
                                 
Change in plan assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year
   
711,077
     
742,204
     
269,745
     
274,749
 
Actual return on plan assets
   
18,701
     
2,942
     
15,243
     
26,738
 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
   
     
     
(838
)    
(14,904
)
Employer contribution
   
36,875
     
7,453
     
8,542
     
9,916
 
Plan participants’ contributions
   
     
     
462
     
487
 
Curtailments and settlements
   
     
(284,333
)    
(5,960
)    
(3,146
)
Benefits paid
   
(24,449
)    
(31,060
)    
(12,445
)    
(12,730
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year
   
742,204
     
437,206
     
274,749
     
281,110
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Funded status at end of the fiscal year
   
(292,750
)    
(221,657
)    
(77,169
)    
(78,701
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Noncurrent assets
   
3,476
     
3,391
     
14,745
     
24,777
 
Current liabilities
   
     
     
(4,412
)    
(4,355
)
Noncurrent liabilities
   
(296,226
)    
(225,048
)    
(87,502
)    
(99,123
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
   
(292,750
)    
(221,657
)    
(77,169
)    
(78,701
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Excluding Tax Effect
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, excluding tax effects, consist of:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Prior service cost (credit)
   
(8,859
)    
(369
)    
(45
)    
10,058
 
Net actuarial loss
   
311,128
     
223,354
     
71,906
     
66,326
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
   
302,269
     
222,985
     
71,861
     
76,384
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Benefit Obligations for All Defined Benefit Pension Plans
The accumulated benefit obligations for all defined benefit pension plans were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Accumulated benefit obligations
   
1,029,910
     
654,209
     
336,185
     
354,100
 
 
 
 
Projected Benefit Obligations, Accumulated Benefit Obligations and Fair Value of Plan Assets for Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
The projected benefit obligations, the accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Projected benefit obligations
   
1,022,235
     
645,544
     
200,596
     
230,058
 
Accumulated benefit obligations
   
1,017,191
     
640,890
     
196,928
     
226,080
 
Fair value of plan assets
   
726,009
     
420,497
     
123,937
     
130,955
 
 
 
 
Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Benefit Obligations and Net Periodic Benefit Costs
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Discount rate
   
0.6
%    
0.6
%    
2.8
%    
2.0
%
Rate of compensation increase
   
*
     
*
     
2.3
     
2.2
 
 
 
 
  * Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.
 
 
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
   
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Discount rate
   
0.9
%    
0.8
%    
0.6
%    
3.1
%    
2.9
%    
2.8
%
Expected return on plan assets
   
2.4
     
2.6
     
2.6
     
4.6
     
4.4
     
4.2
 
Rate of compensation increase
   
*
     
*
     
*
     
2.4
     
2.6
     
2.3
 
 
 
 
* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.
Fair Values of Assets Held by Japanese and Foreign Plans
The fair values of the assets held by Japanese and foreign plans, which are classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 2, are as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at March 31,
2019
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
10,689
     
10,689
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
140,559
     
135,713
     
4,846
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
210,817
     
     
210,817
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
97,519
     
     
97,519
     
 
Asset-backed securities
*4
   
1,537
     
     
1,537
     
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
138,455
     
     
138,455
     
 
Commodity funds
*6
   
21,674
     
     
21,674
     
 
Private equity
*7
   
27,956
     
     
     
27,956
 
Hedge funds
*8
   
71,606
     
     
     
71,606
 
Real estate and other
*9
   
21,392
     
     
     
21,392
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
742,204
     
146,402
     
474,848
     
120,954
 
                                 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at March 31,
2020
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
24,851
     
24,851
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
50,646
     
47,308
     
3,338
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
107,478
     
1,087
     
106,391
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
71,192
     
20
     
71,172
     
 
Asset-backed securities
*4
   
1,090
     
     
1,090
     
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
58,740
     
     
58,740
     
 
Commodity funds
*6
   
21,823
     
     
21,823
     
 
Private equity
*7
   
30,191
     
     
     
30,191
 
Hedge funds
*8
   
48,410
     
     
     
48,410
 
Real estate and other
*9
   
22,785
     
     
(2,586
)
   
25,371
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
437,206
     
73,266
     
259,968
     
103,972
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 Includes approximately 51 percent and 37 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 49 percent and 63 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Includes approximately 48 percent and 36 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 52 percent and 64 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 50 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 49 percent and 45 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 5 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *6 Represents commodity futures funds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *7 Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *8 Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *9 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at
 
March 31,
2019
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
4,340
     
4,340
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
23,766
     
23,113
     
653
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
84,761
     
     
84,761
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
32,749
     
     
32,749
     
 
Asset-backed securities
   
1,115
     
     
1,115
     
 
Insurance contracts
*4
   
18,308
     
     
5,814
     
12,494
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
76,503
     
     
76,503
     
 
Real estate and other
*6
   
33,207
     
     
11,118
     
22,089
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
274,749
     
27,453
     
212,713
     
34,583
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at
 
March 31,
2020
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
4,632
     
4,632
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
18,380
     
17,762
     
618
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
93,826
     
     
93,826
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
31,769
     
     
31,769
     
 
Asset-backed securities
   
1,320
     
     
1,320
     
 
Insurance contracts
*4
   
19,334
     
     
7,156
     
12,178
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
78,280
     
     
78,280
     
 
Real estate and other
*6
   
33,569
     
     
11,272
     
22,297
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
281,110
     
22,394
     
224,241
     
34,475
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 Includes primarily foreign equity securities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Includes primarily foreign government debt securities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *6 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Changes in Fair Values of Japanese and Foreign Plans' Level Three Assets
The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair values of Japanese and foreign plans’ level 3 assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Private equity
 
 
Hedge funds
 
 
Real estate
and other
 
 
Total
 
Beginning balance at April 1, 2018
   
24,144
     
70,204
     
19,431
     
113,779
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
4,428
     
659
     
1,622
     
6,709
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(616
)    
743
     
339
     
466
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2019
   
27,956
     
71,606
     
21,392
     
120,954
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
2,649
     
(648
)    
418
     
2,419
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(414
)    
(22,548
)    
3,561
     
(19,401
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2020
   
30,191
     
48,410
     
25,371
     
103,972
 
                                 
       
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Insurance
contracts
 
 
Corporate
bonds
 
 
Real estate
and other
 
 
Total
 
Beginning balance at April 1, 2018
   
12,729
     
5,303
     
25,976
     
44,008
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
736
     
     
559
     
1,295
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(389
)    
     
(3,809
)    
(4,198
)
Transfers, net
   
     
(5,540
)    
123
     
(5,417
)
Other
*
   
(582
)    
237
     
(760
)    
(1,105
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2019
   
12,494
     
     
22,089
     
34,583
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
559
     
     
132
     
691
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(373
)    
     
755
     
382
 
Transfers, net
   
     
     
     
 
Other
*
   
(502
)    
     
(679
)    
(1,181
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2020
   
12,178
     
     
22,297
     
34,475
 
                                 
 
 
 
  * Primarily consists of translation adjustments.
 
 
 
Expected Future Benefit Payments
The expected future benefit payments are as follows:
                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Foreign plans
 
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
37,384
     
20,825
 
2022
   
36,228
     
104,988
 
2023
   
36,985
     
12,089
 
2024
   
38,271
     
12,269
 
2025
   
37,216
     
13,074
 
2026 — 2030
   
185,218
     
112,218
 
 
 
 
Total Defined Contribution Expenses
Total defined contribution expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Japanese plans
   
3,237
     
3,353
     
6,925
 
Foreign plans
   
11,379
     
11,602
     
10,313
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Summary of Activities Regarding Stock Acquisition Rights Plan) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Number of shares      
Exercised 2,294,900 4,525,300 2,565,700
Stock Acquisition Rights Plan      
Number of shares      
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year 12,213,900    
Granted 3,279,700    
Exercised 2,294,900    
Forfeited or expired 322,000    
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year 12,876,700 12,213,900  
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year 6,235,700    
Weighted average exercise price      
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year ¥ 3,665    
Granted 6,669    
Exercised 3,294    
Forfeited or expired 5,500    
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year 4,982 ¥ 3,665  
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year ¥ 3,581    
Weighted-average remaining life      
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year 7 years 6 months 7 days    
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year 6 years 5 months 4 days    
Total intrinsic Value      
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year ¥ 19,459    
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year ¥ 15,552    
v3.20.1
Revenue - Summary of Remaining Performance Obligations that are Unsatisfied (Detail)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Music  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation ¥ 44,971 [1]
Others  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation 47,126
Motion Pictures and Television Productions | Pictures  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation 569,081 [2]
Media Networks | Pictures  
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]  
Revenue, remaining performance obligation ¥ 22,333
[1] Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include the potential for sales-based or usage-based royalties to exceed the minimum guarantees, and these additional royalties are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.
[2] For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.
v3.20.1
Fair Value Measurements (Changes in Fair Value of Level Three Assets and Liabilities) (Detail)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Japanese corporate bonds      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Purchases and Issuances ¥ 30    
Foreign corporate bonds      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Purchases and Issuances 13,597    
Securitized products      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Purchases and Issuances 40,175    
Other      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Purchases and Issuances 12,101    
Other Investments      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Beginning balance 6,918   ¥ 9,104
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings [1] (500)   276
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss) [2] 0    
Purchases and Issuances 4,711   4
Sales (9)   (6)
Settlements (1,878)   (2,460)
Transfers into level 3 [3] 0    
Transfers out of level 3 [4] 0    
Ending balance     6,918
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings [1] (376)   441
Future insurance policy benefits and Policyholders' account      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Acquisition of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. [5] 547,190    
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings [1] 12,500    
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss) [2] 3,032    
Purchases and Issuances 5,295    
Sales 0    
Settlements (4,762)    
Transfers into level 3 [3] 0    
Transfers out of level 3 [4] 0    
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings [1] 10,273    
Available-for-sale securities | Japanese corporate bonds      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Beginning balance 0    
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings [1] 0    
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss) [2] 0    
Sales 0    
Settlements 0    
Transfers into level 3 [3] 0    
Transfers out of level 3 [4] 0    
Ending balance 30   0
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings | $ [1]   $ 0  
Available-for-sale securities | Foreign corporate bonds      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Beginning balance 22,704   27,878
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings [1] 311   465
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss) [2] (73)   131
Purchases and Issuances     5,787
Sales 0    
Settlements (20,867)   (10,435)
Transfers into level 3 [3] 3,374   20,863
Transfers out of level 3 [4] (3,276)   (21,985)
Ending balance 15,770   22,704
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings [1] (94)   219
Available-for-sale securities | Securitized products      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Beginning balance 165,083   83,614
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in earnings [1] (18,151)   562
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses), included in other comprehensive income (loss) [2] 1   1
Purchases and Issuances     94,696
Sales 0    
Settlements (12,967)   (13,601)
Transfers into level 3 [3] 0   5,284
Transfers out of level 3 [4] (2,301)   (5,473)
Ending balance 171,840   165,083
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date included in earnings [1] (16,507)   ¥ 510
Available-for-sale securities | Other      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Ending balance 12,101    
Available-for-sale securities | Other Investments      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Ending balance 9,242    
Available-for-sale securities | Future insurance policy benefits and Policyholders' account      
Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation [Line Items]      
Ending balance ¥ 532,191    
[1] Earning effects are included in financial services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income.
[2] Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net for available-for-sale securities and included in debt valuation adjustments for future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
[3] Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.
[4] Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.
[5] Refer to Note 25
v3.20.1
Housing Loans and Deposits from Customers in the Banking Business (Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Time Deposits with Remaining Term of More Than One Year) (Detail)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Interest-bearing Deposit Liabilities [Abstract]  
2022 ¥ 39,145
2023 16,102
2024 10,513
2025 3,238
2026 2,190
Later fiscal years 12,823
Total ¥ 84,011
v3.20.1
Investments in Affiliated Companies (Summarized Combined Financial Information Provided by Equity Investees) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Jan. 29, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 19, 2019
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]            
Current assets ¥ 389,195 ¥ 355,320        
Noncurrent assets 164,852 608,626        
Current liabilities 194,219 188,905        
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests 60,469 584,714        
Percentage of ownership in equity investees       50.00% 44.50% 56.30%
Net revenues 387,678 390,457 ¥ 468,933      
Operating income 58,431 53,920 56,729      
Net income attributable to controlling interests ¥ 34,916 ¥ 5,539 ¥ 27,301      
Minimum            
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]            
Percentage of ownership in equity investees 20.00% 20.00% 20.00%      
Maximum            
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]            
Percentage of ownership in equity investees 50.00% 50.00% 50.00%      
v3.20.1
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Derivative [Line Items]      
Gain (Loss) from components excluded from assessment of fair value hedge effectiveness, net ¥ 0 ¥ 0 ¥ 0
v3.20.1
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Apr. 01, 2020
Apr. 01, 2019
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Description of evaluating factors in relation to available for sale securities if the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months)    
Percentage of other-than-temporary fair value of security 20.00%    
Operating lease right-of-use assets ¥ 359,510   ¥ 316,923
Lease liabilities for operating leases ¥ 383,778   341,251
Deferred rent for leases     ¥ 24,328
Subsequent event | Accounting Standards Update 2019 02 [Member] | Pictures [Member]      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Reclassification of broadcasting rights to fim costs   ¥ 24,100  
Subsequent event | Accounting Standards Update 2019 02 [Member] | Music [Member]      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Reclasificaiton of animation Film Production Costs to film costs   ¥ 7,400  
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Amortization period of intangible assets 3 years    
Minimum | Buildings      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Useful lives for depreciation 2 years    
Minimum | Machinery, equipment and others      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Useful lives for depreciation 2 years    
Minimum | Patent rights; know-how; license agreements; trademarks; software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and internal-use software      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Amortization period of intangible assets 3 years    
Minimum | Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Amortization period of intangible assets 10 years    
Maximum | Buildings      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Useful lives for depreciation 50 years    
Maximum | Machinery, equipment and others      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Useful lives for depreciation 10 years    
Maximum | Patent rights; know-how; license agreements; trademarks; software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and internal-use software      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Amortization period of intangible assets 10 years    
Maximum | Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)      
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]      
Amortization period of intangible assets 44 years    
v3.20.1
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Long-Term Debt) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Jul. 21, 2015
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion ¥ 664,773 ¥ 740,833  
Less - Portion due within one year 29,807 172,461  
Total 634,966 568,372  
Unsecured loans, due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion   57,321  
Unsecured loans, due 2020 to 2029, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 5.10 % per annum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 17,880    
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion   69,964  
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion   50,000  
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 89,894 89,819  
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 10,000 10,000  
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 10,000 10,000  
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 15,000 15,000  
Unsecured 0.13% bonds, due 2024      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 29,886    
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 10,000 10,000  
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 24,923 24,911  
Unsecured 0.18% bonds, due 2026      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 10,000    
Unsecured 0.30% bonds, due 2029      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 59,738    
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 119,531 119,961 ¥ 120,000
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion 201,205 200,003  
Finance lease liabilities and other, due 2019 to 2048      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion [1]   72,991  
Finance lease liabilities and other, due 2020 to 2050      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion [1] 56,350    
Guarantee deposits received      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Long-term debt including current portion [1] ¥ 10,366 ¥ 10,863  
[1] Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations and other as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
v3.20.1
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Cash flows from operating activities:      
Net income ¥ 622,260 ¥ 966,550 ¥ 547,279
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities -      
Depreciation and amortization, including amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs and contract costs 416,642 374,026 361,444
Amortization of film costs 329,809 348,493 359,274
Accrual for pension and severance costs, less payments 8,948 (33,631) 4,113
Other operating (income) expense, net (3,611) (71,568) 4,072
(Gain) loss on securities investments, net (other than financial services business) 20,177 (118,630) 3,438
(Gain) loss on marketable securities and securities investments held in the financial services business, net 93,088 (66,383) (47,119)
Deferred income taxes 4,799 (121,650) 24,085
Equity in net (income) loss of affiliated companies, net of dividends (5,114) 7,947 (2,956)
Changes in assets and liabilities:      
(Increase) decrease in notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets 62,654 1,144 (80,004)
(Increase) decrease in inventories 40,315 30,455 (51,508)
Increase in film costs (361,194) (410,994) (362,496)
Increase (decrease) in notes and accounts payable, trade (91,435) 18,534 (87,939)
Increase (decrease) in accrued income and other taxes (40,144) (20,039) 29,181
Increase in future insurance policy benefits and other 520,683 544,179 495,419
Increase in deferred insurance acquisition costs (99,433) (88,807) (86,779)
Increase in marketable securities held in the life insurance business (124,270) (64,034) (89,797)
(Increase) decrease in other current assets (37,286) 16,576 3,776
Increase (decrease) in other current liabilities (27,083) 56,723 151,805
Other 19,940 (110,153) 78,683
Net cash provided by operating activities 1,349,745 1,258,738 1,253,971
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Payments for purchases of fixed assets (439,761) (312,644) (262,989)
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets 18,758 17,585 60,599
Payment for EMI Music Publishing acquisition, net of cash acquired   (244,197)  
Proceeds from sales of businesses 12,816   44,624
Other (14,729) (30,821) (12,046)
Net cash used in investing activities (1,352,278) (1,307,445) (823,068)
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt 118,447 94,351 125,092
Payments of long-term debt (198,055) (382,671) (44,561)
Increase in short-term borrowings, net 193,332 123,979 35,145
Increase in deposits from customers in the financial services business, net 258,720 246,945 169,479
Dividends paid (49,574) (38,067) (28,490)
Payments for purchase of treasury stock (200,211) (100,177) (198)
Other (17,107) (35,203) (10,011)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 65,658 (122,884) 246,456
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents, including restricted (21,643) 52,465 (53,044)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents, including restricted 41,482 (119,126) 624,315
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at beginning of the fiscal year 1,473,813 1,592,939 968,624
Cash and cash equivalents, including restricted, at end of the fiscal year 1,515,295 1,473,813 1,592,939
Less - Restricted cash and cash equivalents, included in other current assets and other assets 2,938 3,740 6,610
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the fiscal year 1,512,357 1,470,073 1,586,329
Cash paid during the fiscal year for -      
Income taxes 216,922 210,499 101,092
Interest 10,000 10,882 12,169
Non-cash investing and financing activities -      
Obtaining assets by entering into finance leases 6,478 32,541 21,762
Financial Services Business      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Payments for investments and advances (1,319,062) (1,078,250) (963,210)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances 343,740 309,498 317,159
Other than financial service business      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Payments for investments and advances (48,853) (53,525) (13,801)
Proceeds from sales or return of investments and collections of advances 14,456 2,442 ¥ 6,596
Nile Acquisition LLC      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Payment for purchase of noncontrolling interest   (32,041)  
Spotify Technology SA      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Proceeds to sale of shares   ¥ 82,467  
Olympus Corporation      
Cash flows from investing activities:      
Proceeds to sale of shares 80,357    
Game Show Network LLC      
Cash flows from financing activities:      
Payment for purchase of noncontrolling interest ¥ (39,894)    
v3.20.1
Insurance-Related Accounts (Net Amount at Risk, Liability for the Minimum Guaranteed Benefit) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Net Amount at Risk by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]    
Policyholder's account value ¥ 1,561,028 ¥ 1,092,559
Net amount at risk 4,635,899 4,334,224
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit 143,905 63,423
Variable annuities    
Net Amount at Risk by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]    
Policyholder's account value 464,093  
Net amount at risk 71,685  
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit ¥ 64,045  
Average attained age 60 years  
Variable life insurance contracts    
Net Amount at Risk by Product and Guarantee [Line Items]    
Policyholder's account value ¥ 1,096,935 1,092,559
Net amount at risk 4,564,214 4,334,224
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit ¥ 79,860 ¥ 63,423
Average attained age 45 years 44 years
v3.20.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents ¥ 1,512,357 ¥ 1,470,073
Marketable securities (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of 15,437 yen and 17,521 yen in 2019 and 2020) 1,847,772 1,324,538
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets 1,028,793 1,091,242
Allowance for doubtful accounts (25,873) (25,440)
Inventories 589,969 653,278
Other receivables 188,106 223,620
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 594,021 509,301
Total current assets 5,735,145 5,246,612
Film costs 427,336 409,005
Investments and advances:    
Affiliated companies 207,922 163,365
Securities investments and other (including assets pledged that secured parties are permitted to sell or repledge of 832,984 yen and 930,882 yen in 2019 and 2020) 12,526,210 11,561,286
Long-term Investments, Total 12,734,132 11,724,651
Property, plant and equipment:    
Land 81,482 83,992
Buildings 659,556 664,157
Machinery and equipment 1,725,720 1,585,382
Construction in progress 76,391 39,208
Property, Plant and Equipment, Gross, Total 2,543,149 2,372,739
Less - Accumulated depreciation 1,634,505 1,595,686
Property, plant and equipment, net 908,644 777,053
Other assets:    
Operating lease right-of-use assets 359,510  
Finance lease right-of-use assets 33,100  
Intangibles, net 906,310 917,966
Goodwill 783,888 768,552
Deferred insurance acquisition costs 600,901 595,265
Deferred income taxes 210,372 202,486
Other 340,005 339,996
Other noncurrent assets 3,234,086 2,824,265
Total assets 23,039,343 20,981,586
Current liabilities:    
Short-term borrowings 810,176 618,618
Current portion of long-term debt 29,807 172,461
Current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities 68,942  
Notes and accounts payable, trade 380,810 492,124
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses 1,630,197 1,693,048
Accrued income and other taxes 145,996 135,226
Deposits from customers in the banking business 2,440,783 2,302,314
Other 733,732 666,024
Total current liabilities 6,240,443 6,079,815
Long-term debt 634,966 568,372
Long-term operating lease liabilities 314,836  
Accrued pension and severance costs 324,655 384,232
Deferred income taxes 549,538 531,421
Future insurance policy benefits and other 6,246,047 5,642,671
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business 3,642,271 3,048,202
Other 289,285 281,382
Total liabilities 18,242,041 16,536,095
Redeemable noncontrolling interest 7,767 8,801
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Sony Corporation's stockholders' equity:    
Common stock, no par value - 2019 - Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,271,230,341 2020 - Shares authorized: 3,600,000,000; shares issued: 1,261,058,781 880,214 874,291
Additional paid-in capital 1,289,719 1,266,874
Retained earnings 2,768,856 2,320,586
Accumulated other comprehensive income -    
Unrealized gains on securities, net 161,191 135,035
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net 1,248 (19)
Pension liability adjustment (235,520) (310,457)
Foreign currency translation adjustments (509,872) (435,229)
Debt valuation adjustments 1,973  
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Total (580,980) (610,670)
Treasury stock, at cost Common stock 2019 - 20,483,474 shares 2020 - 40,898,841 shares (232,503) (104,704)
Stockholders' Equity Attributable to Parent, Total 4,125,306 3,746,377
Noncontrolling interests 664,229 690,313
Total equity 4,789,535 4,436,690
Total liabilities and equity ¥ 23,039,343 ¥ 20,981,586
v3.20.1
Variable interest entities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Summary of the Carrying Value of the Variable Interests
The following tables present the carrying value of the variable interests of unconsolidated VIEs, the presentation in the consolidated balance sheet, and the maximum exposure to loss associated with these variable interests as of March 31, 2019 and 2020. Maximum exposure to loss does not reflect Sony’s estimate of the actual losses that could result from adverse changes, nor does it reflect the economic hedges Sony enters into to reduce its exposure. The risks associated with VIEs in which Sony is involved are limited to the amount recorded in the consolidated balance sheets and the amount of commitments.
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance
sheets
 
 
Maximum
exposure to loss
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Prepaid
expenses and
other current
assets
 
Equity securities
*1
 
 
135,552
 
 
 
8,485
 
 
 
 
 
 
146,031
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
191,049
 
 
 
 
 
 
195,190
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
 
 
29,889
 
 
 
65,503
 
 
 
 
 
 
95,392
 
Other investments
 
 
 
 
 
4,688
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
25,688
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
165,441
 
 
 
269,725
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
462,301
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance
sheets
 
 
Maximum
exposure to loss
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Prepaid
expenses and
other current
assets
 
Equity securities
*1
 
 
579,773
 
 
 
6,229
 
 
 
 
 
 
587,602
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
210,641
 
 
 
 
 
 
210,641
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
 
 
41,452
 
 
 
41,036
 
 
 
 
 
 
82,488
 
Other investments
 
 
 
 
 
16,253
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
43,719
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
621,225
 
 
 
274,159
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
924,450
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*1
Equity securities include Investment funds.
 
 
 
 
 
*2
Foreign corporate bonds include repackaged bonds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Stockholders' Equity (Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning Balance ¥ 4,436,690 ¥ 3,647,157 ¥ 3,135,422
Cumulative effect of ASU2016-01   (2,118)  
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications (48,774) 22,063 (2,983)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income 92,546 [1] 6,929 [1] 8,924
Net other comprehensive income 43,772 28,992 5,941
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 14,082 7,390 3,918
Ending Balance 4,789,535 4,436,690 3,647,157
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning Balance (610,670) (616,746) (618,769)
Cumulative effect of ASU2016-01   (15,526)  
Ending Balance (580,980) (610,670) (616,746)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning Balance 135,035 126,191 126,635
Cumulative effect of ASU2016-01   (15,526)  
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 40,334 33,124 2,013
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income 56 [1] 161 [1] (943)
Net other comprehensive income 40,390 33,285 1,070
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 14,234 8,915 1,514
Ending Balance 161,191 135,035 126,191
Pension liability adjustment      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning Balance (310,457) (296,444) (308,736)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications (17,519) (23,448) 1,779
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income 92,490 [1] 9,488 [1] 10,611
Net other comprehensive income 74,971 (13,960) 12,390
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 34 53 98
Ending Balance (235,520) (310,457) (296,444)
Foreign currency translation adjustments      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning Balance (435,229) (445,251) (436,610)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications (75,814) 10,071 (4,480)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (74) [1] (1,627) [1] (1,855)
Net other comprehensive income (75,888) 8,444 (6,335)
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (1,245) (1,578) 2,306
Ending Balance (509,872) (435,229) (445,251)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Beginning Balance (19) (1,242) (58)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 1,193 2,316 (2,295)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income 74 [1] (1,093) [1] 1,111
Net other comprehensive income 1,267 1,223 (1,184)
Ending Balance 1,248 ¥ (19) ¥ (1,242)
Debt valuation adjustments      
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]      
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 3,032    
Net other comprehensive income 3,032    
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 1,059    
Ending Balance ¥ 1,973    
[1] Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Expected Future Benefit Payments) (Detail)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Japan  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
2021 ¥ 37,384
2022 36,228
2023 36,985
2024 38,271
2025 37,216
2026 - 2030 185,218
Foreign plans  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
2021 20,825
2022 104,988
2023 12,089
2024 12,269
2025 13,074
2026 - 2030 ¥ 112,218
v3.20.1
Investments in affiliated companies (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Summarized Combined Financial Information Provided by Equity Investees
The summarized combined financial information that is based on information provided by the equity investees including information for significant equity affiliates and the reconciliation of such information to the consolidated financial statements is shown below:
Balance Sheets
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Current assets
   
355,320
     
389,195
 
Noncurrent assets
   
608,626
     
164,852
 
Current liabilities
   
188,905
     
194,219
 
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests
   
584,714
     
60,469
 
Percentage of ownership in equity investees
   
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Income
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Net revenues
   
468,933
     
390,457
     
387,678
 
Operating income
   
56,729
     
53,920
     
58,431
 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
   
27,301
     
5,539
     
34,916
 
Percentage of ownership in equity investees
   
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Account Balances and Transactions with Affiliated Companies Accounted for under Equity Method
Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method are presented below. There are no other material transactions or account balances with any other related parties.
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Accounts receivable, trade
   
12,404
     
12,030
 
Other receivables
   
134
     
1,589
 
Other current assets
   
33
     
9,757
 
Accounts payable, trade
   
1,087
     
1,497
 
Short-term borrowings
   
29,744
     
31,557
 
Finance lease liabilities and other*
   
20,265
     
34,564
 
Operating lease liabilities
   
     
2,393
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales
   
45,415
     
41,437
     
35,951
 
Purchases
   
3,180
     
5,584
     
3,479
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Stock-Based Compensation Plans (Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Fair Value of Stock Acquisition Rights Granted) (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]      
Risk-free interest rate 0.70% 1.37% 1.14%
Expected lives 5 years 8 months 23 days 5 years 11 months 23 days 6 years 6 months 18 days
Expected volatility [1] 29.30% 32.52% 38.49%
Expected dividends 0.32% 0.35% 0.40%
[1] Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.
v3.20.1
Insurance-related accounts (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Insurance [Abstract]  
Policyholders' Account in Life Insurance Business
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business is comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Universal life insurance
   
2,104,646
     
2,611,577
 
Investment contracts
   
816,903
     
885,690
 
Other
   
126,653
     
145,004
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
3,048,202
     
3,642,271
 
                 
 
Schedule of Net Amount of Risk by Product and Guarantee The policyholders’ account value, net amount at risk, liability for the minimum guarantee benefit, and average attained age at March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows.
                         
 
Yen in million
s
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life 
insurance contracts
 
 
Total
 
Policyholder
s
’ account value
   
     
1,092,559
     
1,092,559
 
Net amount at risk
   
     
4,334,224
     
4,334,224
 
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit
   
     
63,423
     
63,423
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Age
 
 
 
March 31 2019
 
 
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life
insurance contracts
 
Average attained age
   
     
44
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in million
s
 
 
March 31
,
 2020
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life 
insurance contracts
 
 
Total
 
Policyholder
s
’ account value
   
464,093
     
1,096,935
     
1,561,028
 
Net amount at risk
   
71,685
     
4,564,214
     
4,635,899
 
Liability for minimum guarantee benefit
   
64,045
     
79,860
     
143,905
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Age
 
 
 
 
March 31 2020
 
 
 
 
Variable annuities
 
 
Variable life
insurance contracts
 
Average attained age
   
60
     
45
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Kumamoto Earthquake
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Unusual or Infrequent Items, or Both [Abstract]  
Kumamoto Earthquake
18.
Kumamoto Earthquake
 
 
 
 
 
 
In April 2016, a series of earthquakes occurred in the Kumamoto region of Japan. These earthquakes caused damage to certain fixed assets, including buildings, machinery and equipment, as well as inventories in manufacturing sites located in the Kumamoto region.
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony incurred incremental losses and associated expenses including repair costs of fixed assets and a loss on disposal of inventories directly related to the damage caused by the earthquakes of 16,682 million yen. These losses and expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income and were offset by insurance recoveries of 10,682 million yen, as described below. In addition, Sony incurred other expenses of 9,365 million yen, which included idle facility costs at manufacturing sites. These expenses were primarily recorded in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of income.
Sony has insurance policies that cover certain damage directly caused by the earthquakes for Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, including damage at manufacturing sites. The insurance policies cover the damage and costs associated with fixed assets and inventories, as well as incremental expenses including removal and cleaning costs. These policies also provide business interruption coverage, including coverage for lost profits. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017, Sony recorded insurance receivables of 10,682 million yen, representing a portion of the insurance recoveries that were deemed probable of collection up to the extent of the amount of corresponding losses recognized in the same period. Of the insurance receivables recorded during the period, substantially all relate to damaged assets and inventories, and do not include amounts for business interruption or lost profits. Sony concluded that the recoveries from insurance claims are probable based on the coverage under valid policies, communications with the insurance carriers, Sony’s past claims history with the insurance carriers, and Sony’s assessment that the insurance carriers have the financial ability to pay the claims. In March 2017, 10,000 million yen was agreed to by the insurance carriers. These receivables are recorded within other receivables, whereas the remaining receivables of 682 million yen is recorded in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017.
Sony has underwritten 2,000 million yen in reinsurance policies for the above insurance carriers related to the policy described above. The amount was recorded in other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2017 and was paid to the insurance carriers in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
In April 2017, the remaining insurance claims of 10,000 million yen that were mainly for business interruption coverage were agreed to by the carriers. As a result, the total amount of insurance recoveries paid to Sony in April 2017 was 20,000 million yen. 9,318 million yen, which was the difference between 20,000 million yen and 10,682 million yen as described above, was recorded in other operating revenue for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018. The proceeds from insurance recoveries were presented as cash flows from operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
v3.20.1
Derivative instruments and hedging activities
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative instruments and hedging activities
14.
Derivative instruments and hedging activities
 
 
 
 
Sony has certain financial instruments including financial assets and liabilities acquired in the normal course of business. Such financial instruments are exposed to market risk arising from the changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In applying a consistent risk management strategy for the purpose of reducing such risk, Sony uses derivative financial instruments, which include foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts, and interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements). Certain other derivative financial instruments are entered into in the Financial Services segment for asset-liability management (“ALM”) purposes. These instruments are executed with creditworthy financial institutions, and virtually all foreign currency contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, euros and other currencies of major countries. These derivatives generally mature or expire within six months after the balance sheet date. Other than derivatives utilized in the Financial Services segment for ALM, Sony does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. These derivative transactions utilized for ALM in the Financial Services segment are executed within certain limits in accordance with an internal risk management policy.
Derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.
Fair value hedges
Both the derivatives designated as fair value hedges and the hedged items are reflected at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives designated as fair value hedges, as well as offsetting changes in the carrying value of the underlying hedged items, are recognized in income. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018
,
2
019
and
20
20
, there were no amounts excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness of fair value hedges.
Cash flow hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are initially recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. The time value component of the fair value of option contracts is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedging instruments. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and
the
accumulated amount recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis
 
is recognized in OCI.
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized in income.
A description of the purpose and classification of the derivative financial instruments held by Sony is as follows:
Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts
Foreign exchange forward contracts and purchased and written foreign currency option contracts are utilized primarily to limit the exposure affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates on cash flows generated or anticipated by Sony’s transactions and accounts receivable and payable denominated in foreign currencies. The majority of written foreign currency option contracts are a part of range forward contract arrangements and expire in the same month with the corresponding purchased foreign currency option contracts.
Sony also entered into foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign exchange range forward contracts which effectively fixed the cash flows from certain forecasted purchase and sale transactions denominated in foreign currencies for the fiscal years ended March 31,
 
2018
, 2019
and 20
20
. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as cash flow hedges.
Foreign exchange forward contracts and foreign currency option contracts that do not qualify as hedges are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.
Foreign exchange forward contracts, foreign currency option contracts and currency swap agreements held by certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue.
Interest rate swap agreements (including interest rate and currency swap agreements)
Interest rate swap agreements are utilized primarily to lower funding costs, to diversify sources of funding and to limit Sony’s exposure associated with underlying borrowings and
available-for-sale
debt securities resulting from adverse fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and changes in fair values.
Interest rate swap agreements entered into in the Financial Services segment are used for reducing the risk arising from the changes in the fair value of fixed rate
available-for-sale
debt securities. These derivatives are considered to be a hedge against changes in the fair value of
available-for-sale
debt securities in the Financial Services segment. Accordingly, these derivatives have been designated as fair value hedges.
Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have interest rate swap agreements as part of their ALM, which are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in financial service revenues.
Any other interest rate swap agreements that do not qualify as hedges, which are used for reducing the risk arising from changes of variable rate debt, are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in other income and expenses.
Other agreements
Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have equity future contracts, equity swap agreements, bond future contracts, commodity future contracts, interest rate swaption agreements, other currency contracts and hybrid financial instruments as part of their ALM, which are
marked-to-market
with changes in value recognized in financial services revenue. The hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, contained embedded derivatives that are not required to be bifurcated because the entire instruments are carried at fair value.
The estimated fair values of Sony’s outstanding derivative instruments are summarized as follows:
                                         
Derivatives designated as hedging
instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
   
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
 
                            
 
March 31
   
                                
 
March 31
 
Asset derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Liability derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
10
     
9
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
141
     
183
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
101
     
27
   
Liabilities: Other
   
8,274
     
8,177
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
131
     
1,799
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
42
     
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
242
     
1,835
   
   
8,457
     
8,360
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
       
Derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
   
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
 
                            
 
March 31
   
                                
 
March 31
 
Asset derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Liability derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
39
     
44
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
344
     
200
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
882
     
1,523
   
Liabilities: Other
   
3,637
     
9,120
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
8,807
     
19,655
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
11,549
     
14,580
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
72
     
49
   
Liabilities: Other
   
1,059
     
1,755
 
Equity contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
444
     
18,886
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
7,776
     
1,476
 
Bond contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
     
306
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
     
290
 
Commodity contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
     
85
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
     
85
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
10,244
     
40,548
   
   
24,365
     
27,506
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total derivatives
 
   
10,486
     
42,383
   
   
32,822
     
35,866
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presented below are the effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
                             
Derivatives under fair value
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Location of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(52
)    
(1,835
)    
(3,925
)
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
(52
)    
(1,835
)    
(3,925
)
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
Derivatives under cash flow
hedging relationships
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Amounts recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative
instruments in OCI
 (before tax)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
:
   
     
     
 
Components included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness
   
(2,295
)    
2,315
     
1,712
 
Components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness that were recognized based on amortization approach
   
                             —
     
                             —
     
                        1,087
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
(2,295
)    
2,315
     
2,799
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                             
Derivatives under cash flow
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Affected line item in consolidated
statements of income
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Amounts reclassified from unrealized
gains (losses) on derivative instruments
in accumulated OCI (before tax)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
:
 
   
     
     
 
Components included in
the assessment of hedge effectiveness
 
Cost of sales
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
 
Net sales
   
     
     
106
 
Components excluded from
the assessment of hedge effectiveness that were recognized based on amortization approach
 
Net sales
   
     
     
(1,087
)
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
(981
)
                             
       
Derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Location of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(1,544
)    
(3,192
)    
1,190
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
2,013
     
(8,198
)    
2,473
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Foreign exchange loss, net
   
21,370
     
(7,437
)    
10,184
 
Equity contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(11,665
)    
(7,649
)    
15,438
 
Bond contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
     
     
(2,954
)
Commodity contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
     
     
110
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
10,174
     
(26,476
)    
26,441
 
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presented below are the amortized cost of hedged items, which are available-for-sale debt securities, and cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments to hedged items under fair value hedging relationships as of March 31, 2020.
                     
Derivatives under
fair value
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location of
hedged items
 
March 31, 2020
 
Amortized cost
 
 
Cumulative effect to
carrying amount of
hedged items by fair value hedges
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Marketable securities
   
15,255
     
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Securities investments and other
   
91,080
     
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
106,335
     
 
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes additional information, including notional amounts, for each type of derivative:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
   
March 31, 2020
 
 
Notional
amount
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Notional
amount
 
 
Fair value
 
Foreign exchange contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Foreign exchange forward contracts
   
701,880
     
(304
)    
740,464
     
4,361
 
Currency option contracts purchased
   
53,846
     
179
     
473
     
7
 
Currency option contracts written
   
58,825
     
(35
)    
460
     
(5
)
Currency swap agreements
   
959,777
     
(5,564
)    
893,874
     
(1,006
)
Other currency contracts
   
68,513
     
2,084
     
62,080
     
1,811
 
Interest rate contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Interest rate swap agreements
   
339,934
     
(11,346
)    
994,133
     
(16,019
)
Interest rate swaption agreements
   
5,300
     
(18
)    
18,700
     
(58
)
Equity contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity future contracts
   
58,725
     
308
     
63,354
     
(871
)
Equity swap agreements
   
63,107
     
(7,640
)    
103,409
     
18,281
 
Bond contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Bond
 future contracts
   
     
     
56,546
     
16
 
Commodity contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Commodity future contracts
   
     
     
1,465
     
0
 
 
 
 
 
All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets on a gross basis, but certain subsidiaries have entered into master netting agreements or other similar agreements, which are mainly International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreements. An ISDA Master Agreement is an agreement between two counterparties that may have multiple derivative contracts with each other, and such ISDA Master Agreement may provide for the net settlement of all or a specified group of these derivative contracts, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of a default on or affecting any one derivative contract, or a termination event affecting all or a specified group of derivative contracts. Presented below are the effects of offsetting derivative assets, derivative liabilities, financial assets and financial liabilities as of March 31, 2019 and 2020.
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
As of March 31, 2019
 
 
Gross amounts
presented in the
consolidated
balance sheet
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the
consolidated balance sheet that are
subject to master netting agreements
   
 
Financial
instruments
 
 
Cash collateral
 
 
Net amounts
 
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements
   
6,855
     
3,442
     
136
     
3,277
 
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements
   
3,631
     
     
     
3,631
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
10,486
     
3,442
     
136
     
6,908
 
                                 
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements
   
25,872
     
3,970
     
20,191
     
1,711
 
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements
   
6,950
     
     
     
6,950
 
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements
   
432,820
     
432,820
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
465,642
     
436,790
     
20,191
     
8,661
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
As of March 31, 2020
 
 
Gross amounts
presented in the
consolidated
balance sheet
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the
consolidated balance sheet that are
subject to master netting agreements
   
 
Financial
instruments
 
 
Cash collateral
 
 
Net amounts
 
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements
   
38,281
     
12,614
     
20,545
     
5,122
 
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements
   
4,102
     
     
     
4,102
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
42,383
     
12,614
     
20,545
     
9,224
 
                                 
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements
   
31,896
     
7,086
     
23,873
     
937
 
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements
   
3,970
     
     
     
3,970
 
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements
   
567,194
     
564,874
     
     
2,320
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
603,060
     
571,960
     
23,873
     
7,227
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Variable Interest Entities - Additional Information (Detail) - Joint ventures with companies involved in production and creation of recorded music
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]  
Variable interest entity primary beneficiary, aggregate total liabilities ¥ 25,100
Joint ventures with companies involved in production and creation of recorded music  
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]  
Variable interest entity primary beneficiary, aggregate total assets ¥ 46,154
v3.20.1
Supplemental Consolidated Statements of Income Information - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Components of Other Income (Expense) [Line Items]      
Research and development costs ¥ 499,290 ¥ 481,202 ¥ 458,518
Advertising costs included in selling general and administrative expenses 359,458 385,500 407,106
Selling, general and administrative expenses 1,502,625 1,576,825 1,583,197
Shipping and Handling [Member]      
Components of Other Income (Expense) [Line Items]      
Selling, general and administrative expenses ¥ 46,196 ¥ 51,757 ¥ 46,252
v3.20.1
Income Taxes (Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Deferred tax assets:    
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes ¥ 348,714 ¥ 413,494
Accrued pension and severance costs 77,559 103,652
Amortization including film costs 65,349 86,196
Lease liability 100,720  
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses 116,234 108,515
Future insurance policy benefits 42,056 36,683
Inventory 15,512 19,716
Depreciation 39,085 34,638
Tax credit carryforwards 94,900 117,471
Loss on equity securities 11,815  
Reserve for doubtful accounts 9,090 9,136
Impairment of investments 6,029 12,278
Deferred revenue 24,420 19,081
Other 122,591 169,897
Gross deferred tax assets 1,074,074 1,130,757
Less: Valuation allowance (608,243) (723,114)
Total deferred tax assets 465,831 407,643
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Insurance acquisition costs (170,868) (169,244)
Future insurance policy benefits (193,315) (181,052)
Right-of-use assets (96,970)  
Unrealized gains on securities (92,791) (75,573)
Gain on equity securities 0 (33,082)
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings (23,949) (23,949)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures (25,359) (15,758)
Investment in M3 (38,303) (37,007)
Other (47,319) (62,092)
Gross deferred tax liabilities (804,997) (736,578)
Net deferred tax liabilities (339,166) (328,935)
Pictures    
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment (26,214) (44,842)
EMI Music Publishing    
Deferred tax liabilities:    
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings ¥ (89,909) ¥ (93,979)
v3.20.1
Business Segment Information (Sales and Operating Revenue Attributed to Countries Based on Location of Customers and Long-Lived Assets) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total ¥ 8,259,885 ¥ 8,665,687 ¥ 8,543,982
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets 1,301,254 777,053  
Japan      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 2,472,479 2,591,784 2,625,619
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets 946,922 590,694  
United States      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,864,390 1,982,135 1,835,705
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets 214,226 113,581  
Europe      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,697,791 1,862,166 1,841,457
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets 67,799 22,622  
China      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 845,235 770,416 674,718
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets 17,996 11,694  
Asia Pacific      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 892,026 912,193 1,024,179
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets 46,932 34,273  
Other Areas      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 487,964 546,993 ¥ 542,304
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets ¥ 7,379 ¥ 4,189  
v3.20.1
Inventories (Summary of Inventories) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]    
Finished products ¥ 345,231 ¥ 407,295
Work in process 149,969 154,178
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies 94,769 91,805
Inventories ¥ 589,969 ¥ 653,278
v3.20.1
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Long-Term Debt) (Parenthetical) (Detail) - ¥ / shares
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Jul. 21, 2015
Unsecured loans, due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum | Minimum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate   0.01%  
Unsecured loans, due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 5.10% per annum | Maximum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate   7.89%  
Unsecured loans, due 2020 to 2029, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 5.10 % per annum | Minimum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.01%    
Unsecured loans, due 2020 to 2029, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 5.10 % per annum | Maximum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 5.10%    
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate   0.05%  
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate   2.07%  
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.23% 0.23%  
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.11% 0.11%  
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 1.41% 1.41%  
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.28% 0.28%  
Unsecured 0.13% bonds, due 2024      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.13%    
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.22% 0.22%  
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.42% 0.42%  
Unsecured 0.18% bonds, due 2026      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.18%    
Unsecured 0.30% bonds, due 2029      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.30%    
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Conversion price per common share ¥ 4,996.0 ¥ 5,008.0  
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Minimum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Conversion price per common share     ¥ 3,526.5
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Maximum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Conversion price per common share     ¥ 5,008.0
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.00% 0.00%  
Finance lease liabilities and other, due 2019 to 2048 | Minimum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate   0.36%  
Finance lease liabilities and other, due 2019 to 2048 | Maximum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate   9.14%  
Finance lease liabilities and other, due 2020 to 2050 | Minimum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 0.01%    
Finance lease liabilities and other, due 2020 to 2050 | Maximum      
Debt Instrument [Line Items]      
Debt instrument interest rate 12.59%    
v3.20.1
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Total
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Treasury stock, at cost
Sony Corporation's stockholders' equity
Noncontrolling interests
Beginning Balance at Mar. 31, 2017 ¥ 3,135,422 ¥ 860,645 ¥ 1,275,337 ¥ 984,368 ¥ (618,769) ¥ (4,335) ¥ 2,497,246 ¥ 638,176
Issuance of new shares 976 488 488       976  
Exercise of stock acquisition rights 9,065 4,533 4,532       9,065  
Conversion of convertible bonds 24 12 12       24  
Stock-based compensation 3,160   3,160       3,160  
Comprehensive income:                
Net income 547,279     490,794     490,794 56,485
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -                
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities 1,070       (444)   (444) 1,514
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments (1,184)       (1,184)   (1,184)  
Pension liability adjustment 12,390       12,292   12,292 98
Foreign currency translation adjustments (6,335)       (8,641)   (8,641) 2,306
Total comprehensive income 553,220           492,817 60,403
Stock issue costs, net of tax (879)   (879)       (879)  
Dividends declared (49,136)     (34,775)     (34,775) (14,361)
Purchase of treasury stock (199)         (199) (199)  
Reissuance of treasury stock 4   0     4 4  
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other (4,500)   (73)       (73) (4,427)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2018 3,647,157 865,678 1,282,577 1,440,387 (616,746) (4,530) 2,967,366 679,791
Cumulative effect of newly adopted ASUs (2,118)     7,976 (15,526)   (7,550) 5,432
Issuance of new shares 862 431 431       862  
Exercise of stock acquisition rights 16,348 8,174 8,174       16,348  
Conversion of convertible bonds 16 8 8       16  
Stock-based compensation 1,159   1,159       1,159  
Comprehensive income:                
Net income 966,550     916,271     916,271 50,279
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -                
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities 33,285       24,370   24,370 8,915
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments 1,223       1,223   1,223  
Pension liability adjustment (13,960)       (14,013)   (14,013) 53
Foreign currency translation adjustments 8,444       10,022   10,022 (1,578)
Total comprehensive income 995,542           937,873 57,669
Stock issue costs, net of tax (147)   (147)       (147)  
Dividends declared (73,009)     (44,048)     (44,048) (28,961)
Purchase of treasury stock (100,177)         (100,177) (100,177)  
Reissuance of treasury stock 4   1     3 4  
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other (48,947)   (25,329)       (25,329) (23,618)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2019 4,436,690 874,291 1,266,874 2,320,586 (610,670) (104,704) 3,746,377 690,313
Cumulative effect of ASU 2016-02 (7,472)     (7,472)     (7,472)  
Issuance of new shares 1,058 529 529       1,058  
Exercise of stock acquisition rights 10,359 5,179 5,180       10,359  
Conversion of convertible bonds 430 215 215       430  
Stock-based compensation 1,980   1,980       1,980  
Comprehensive income:                
Net income 622,260     582,191     582,191 40,069
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -                
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities 40,390       26,156   26,156 14,234
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments 1,267       1,267   1,267  
Pension liability adjustment 74,971       74,937   74,937 34
Foreign currency translation adjustments (75,888)       (74,643)   (74,643) (1,245)
Debt valuation adjustments 3,032       1,973   1,973 1,059
Total comprehensive income 666,032           611,881 54,151
Stock issue costs, net of tax (80)   (80)       (80)  
Dividends declared (80,996)     (55,111)     (55,111) (25,885)
Purchase of treasury stock (200,211)         (200,211) (200,211)  
Reissuance of treasury stock 2   0     2 2  
Cancellation of treasury stock     (1,072) (71,338)   72,410    
Transactions with noncontrolling interests shareholders and other (38,257)   16,093       16,093 (54,350)
Ending Balance at Mar. 31, 2020 ¥ 4,789,535 ¥ 880,214 ¥ 1,289,719 ¥ 2,768,856 ¥ (580,980) ¥ (232,503) ¥ 4,125,306 ¥ 664,229
v3.20.1
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Short-Term Borrowings) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Short-term borrowings ¥ 810,176 ¥ 618,618
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 2.52%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Short-term borrowings   55,186
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.86%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Short-term borrowings 91,725  
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.56%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Short-term borrowings   432,820
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.93%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Short-term borrowings 567,194  
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.18%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Short-term borrowings   ¥ 130,612
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.13%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Short-term borrowings ¥ 151,257  
v3.20.1
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]    
Marketable securities current pledged with secured parties ¥ 17,521 ¥ 15,437
Investment securities pledged with secured parties ¥ 930,882 ¥ 832,984
Common stock, par value
Common stock, shares authorized 3,600,000,000 3,600,000,000
Common stock, shares issued 1,261,058,781 1,271,230,341
Treasury stock, common stock shares 40,898,841 20,483,474
v3.20.1
Acquisitions (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]  
Summary of Purchase Price Allocation
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Acquired assets
and liabilities
recorded at fair
value as of
acquisition date
(Preliminary)
 
 
Measurement
period
adjustments
 
 
Acquired assets
and liabilities
recorded at fair
value as of
acquisition date
(Final)
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
12,971
     
     
12,971
 
Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets
   
32,287
     
     
32,287
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
10,220
     
(98
)    
10,122
 
Securities investments and other
   
1,476
     
     
1,476
 
Intangibles, net
   
420,534
     
     
420,534
 
Goodwill
   
237,271
     
(1,206
)    
236,065
 
Other
   
10,023
     
     
10,023
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
724,782
     
(1,304
)    
723,478
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Notes and accounts payable, trade
   
1,731
     
     
1,731
 
Accounts payable, other and accrued expenses
   
70,675
     
     
70,675
 
Accrued income and other taxes
   
3,082
     
(69
)    
3,013
 
Long-term debt
   
148,621
     
     
148,621
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
1,947
     
     
1,947
 
Deferred income taxes
   
94,849
     
(1,235
)    
93,614
 
Other
   
5,564
     
     
5,564
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
326,469
     
(1,304
)    
325,165
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information
The following unaudited supplemental pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Sony and EMI as though the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018: 
                 
 
Yen in millions,
Yen per share amounts
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
Net sales
   
8,612,280
     
8,738,209
 
Operating income
   
854,786
     
801,973
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
584,019
     
817,629
 
Per share data:
   
     
 
— Basic EPS
   
462.08
     
645.53
 
— Diluted EPS
   
451.88
     
631.55
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition of equity interests in joint ventures in the life insurance business  
Business Acquisition [Line Items]  
Summary of Purchase Price Allocation
The following table summarizes the fair values assigned to the assets and liabilities of the JVs that were recorded in the Financial Services segment.
         
 
Yen in millions
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
27,380
 
Marketable securities
   
530,851
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
21,933
 
Securities investments and other
   
15,329
 
Goodwill
   
3,609
 
Other
   
406
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
599,508
 
   
 
 
 
Future insurance policy benefits and other
   
66,599
 
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
495,248
 
Other
   
4,979
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
566,826
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities ¥ 270,120 ¥ 234,117
Derivative assets 42,383 10,486
Derivative liabilities 35,866 32,822
Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 16,253 4,688
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 270,120 234,117
Other investments [1] 17,220 13,914
Derivative assets [2] 42,383 10,486
Total assets 4,774,922 4,079,047
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 532,191  
Derivative liabilities [2] 35,866 32,822
Total liabilities 568,057 32,822
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 1,761,929 1,643,589
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 69,172 67,497
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 220,709 219,388
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 279,777 161,495
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 359,750 360,867
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 205,223 190,112
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 1,532,386 1,172,894
Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 16,253 4,688
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 270,120 234,117
Other investments [1] 0  
Derivative assets [2] 0  
Total assets 1,841,697 1,318,251
Derivative liabilities [2] 0  
Total liabilities 64,045  
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 10,011 18,719
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 15,334 7,768
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 14,774 11,472
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 2,690 3,984
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 94,156 90,801
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 0  
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 1,434,612 951,390
Marketable securities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 0  
Other investments [1] 17,220 13,914
Derivative assets [2] 0  
Total assets 2,890,842 2,750,310
Derivative liabilities [2] 0  
Total liabilities 468,146  
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 1,751,918 1,624,870
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 53,838 59,729
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 205,935 207,916
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 277,087 157,511
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 265,594 270,066
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 205,223 190,112
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 97,774 221,504
Securities investments and other | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 16,253 4,688
Future insurance policy benefits | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 64,045  
Policyholders' account | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 468,146  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 0  
Other investments [1] 0  
Derivative assets [2] 40,784 9,431
Total assets 40,784 9,431
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 0  
Derivative liabilities [2] 16,814 19,852
Total liabilities 16,814 19,852
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 0  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 0  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 0  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other current assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 0  
Other investments [1] 0  
Derivative assets [2] 1,599 1,055
Total assets 1,599 1,055
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 0  
Derivative liabilities [2] 19,052 12,970
Total liabilities 19,052 12,970
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Other noncurrent assets and liabilities | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 24,330 22,105
Other investments [1] 7,162 5,489
Derivative assets [2] 1,310 444
Total assets 983,546 1,065,138
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 0  
Derivative liabilities [2] 2,077 136
Total liabilities 2,077 136
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 0  
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 0  
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 0  
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 950,744 1,037,100
Level 1 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 245,790 212,012
Other investments [1] 816 1,507
Derivative assets [2] 41,073 10,042
Total assets 3,582,393 2,819,204
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 0  
Derivative liabilities [2] 33,789 32,686
Total liabilities 33,789 32,686
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 1,761,929 1,643,589
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 69,172 67,497
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 220,679 219,388
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 279,777 161,495
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 343,980 338,163
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 33,383 25,029
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 581,642 135,794
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 4,152 4,688
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Trading securities 0  
Other investments [1] 9,242 6,918
Derivative assets [2] 0  
Total assets 208,983 194,705
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders' account in the life insurance business [3] 532,191  
Derivative liabilities [2] 0  
Total liabilities 532,191  
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese national government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese local government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Japanese corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 30  
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [4] 0  
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [5] 15,770 22,704
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Securitized products    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities [6] 171,840 ¥ 165,083
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Equity securities    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 0  
Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities ¥ 12,101  
[1] Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.
[2] Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.
[3] Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business are those for which the fair value option has been elected.
[4] 4,910 million yen and 7,771 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020. In the consolidated balance sheets, 2,386 million yen are included as marketable securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 4,910 million yen and 5,385 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
[5] 173,964 million yen and 188,426 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 33,391 million yen and 34,502 million yen are included as marketable securities and 140,573 million yen and 153,924 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
[6] 185,195 million yen and 193,430 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.
v3.20.1
Fair Value Measurements (Assets and Liabilities Remeasured At Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Nonrecurring changes in fair value, Amounts included in earnings ¥ (22,656) ¥ (49,242)
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Level 1    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Remeasurement of retained investment in SRE 15,911  
Long-lived assets, Estimated fair value 0  
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Level 2    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Long-lived assets, Estimated fair value 0  
Fair Value, Measurements, Nonrecurring | Level 3    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Long-lived assets, Estimated fair value 8,155 4,389
Goodwill, Estimated fair value   0
Long-lived assets impairments    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Nonrecurring changes in fair value, Amounts included in earnings (36,003) (44,135)
Goodwill impairments    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Nonrecurring changes in fair value, Amounts included in earnings   ¥ (5,107)
Remeasurement Of Retained Investment in SRE [Member]    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Nonrecurring changes in fair value, Amounts included in earnings ¥ 13,347  
v3.20.1
Investments in Affiliated Companies - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Entity
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Entity
Mar. 31, 2018
JPY (¥)
Jan. 29, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 19, 2019
Nov. 14, 2018
Apr. 01, 2015
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Percentage of equity interest       50.00% 44.50% 56.30%    
Gain Loss on remeasurement or sale of shares ¥ 17,266              
Aggregate carrying value of investments in several affiliated companies 141,508              
Fair value of investments in several affiliated companies ¥ 756,073              
Number of affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method | Entity 140 133            
Dividends received from affiliated companies ¥ 4,523 ¥ 4,948 ¥ 5,613          
DH Publishing, L.P.                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Percentage of equity interest             60.00%  
Sony Life Insurance Co Ltd                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Percentage of equity interest       50.00%        
SA Reinsurance Ltd                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Percentage of equity interest       50.00%        
M3, Inc.                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Difference between carrying value and underlying net assets ¥ 56,140              
Difference between carrying value and underlying net assets, accounting treatment for amounts allocated to intangible assets The amounts allocated to intangible assets are amortized net of the related tax effects to equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies over their respective estimated useful lives, principally 10 years, using the straight-line method.              
SFI Leasing Company, Limited                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Percentage of equity interest 34.00%              
MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Percentage of equity interest               34.00%
MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc | General and Administrative Expenses                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Related party transaction, amounts of transaction ¥ 6,069 10,606            
MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc | Accrued Expenses                
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]                
Related party transaction, account balances ¥ 1,181 ¥ 3,435            
v3.20.1
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Effects of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Statements of Income) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative ¥ (3,925) ¥ (1,835) ¥ (52)
Derivative assets 42,383 10,486  
Not designated as hedging instrument      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative 26,441 (26,476) 10,174
Derivative assets 40,548 10,244  
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Financial services revenue      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative 1,190 (3,192) (1,544)
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Financial services revenue      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative 2,473 (8,198) 2,013
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Foreign exchange loss, net      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative 10,184 (7,437) 21,370
Not designated as hedging instrument | Equity Contracts | Financial services revenue      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative 15,438 (7,649) (11,665)
Not designated as hedging instrument | Bond contracts | Financial services revenue      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative (2,954)    
Not designated as hedging instrument | Commodity contracts | Financial services revenue      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative 110    
Amortized Cost      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Derivative assets 106,335    
Amortized Cost | Interest rate contracts | Marketable securities      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Derivative assets 15,255    
Amortized Cost | Interest rate contracts | Securities investments and other      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Derivative assets 91,080    
Fair Value Hedging | Interest rate contracts | Financial services revenue      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in income on derivative (3,925) (1,835) (52)
Cash Flow Hedging      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion) (981) (1,093) 1,111
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedging instruments 2,799 2,315 (2,295)
Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign exchange contracts      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) recognized in OCI on derivative 1,712 2,315 (2,295)
Gain (loss) from unrealized gains (losses) 1,087 0 0
Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign exchange contracts | Cost of Sales      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion)   ¥ (1,093) ¥ 1,111
Cash Flow Hedging | Foreign exchange contracts | Net sales      
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]      
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income (effective portion) 106    
Gain (loss) from unrealized gains (losses) ¥ (1,087)    
v3.20.1
Film costs (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Other Industries [Abstract]  
Summary of Film Costs
Film costs are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Motion picture productions:
   
     
 
Released
   
87,158
     
99,482
 
Completed and not released
   
3,189
     
18,776
 
In production and development
   
130,736
     
67,199
 
Television productions:
   
     
 
Released
   
144,316
     
186,344
 
In production and development
   
9,147
     
25,093
 
Broadcasting rights
   
70,401
     
61,959
 
Less: current portion included in inventories
   
(35,942
)    
(31,517
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Film costs
   
409,005
     
427,336
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Stock-Based Compensation Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Stock-based compensation expense ¥ 5,958 ¥ 5,499 ¥ 5,249
Total cash received from exercise of stock acquisition rights plans ¥ 7,560 ¥ 12,757 ¥ 7,129
Stock Acquisition Rights Plan      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Equity-based compensation plan, vesting period 3 years    
Weighted-average fair value per share of stock acquisition rights granted ¥ 1,864 ¥ 1,593 ¥ 2,045
Total intrinsic value of shares exercised under stock acquisition rights plan ¥ 7,575 ¥ 13,325 ¥ 6,970
Total unrecognized compensation expense ¥ 5,912    
Total unrecognized compensation expense, weighted-average period to be recognized 1 year 11 months 19 days    
Stock Acquisition Rights Plan | Maximum      
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]      
Equity-based compensation plan, expiration period 10 years    
v3.20.1
Goodwill and other intangible assets (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Acquired Intangible Assets other than Goodwill and Weighted-Average Amortization Period
Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 totaled 146,023 million yen, of which 145,596 million yen is subject to amortization, and are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Intangible assets
acquired during the
fiscal year
 
 
Weighted-average

amortization period
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Years
 
Patent rights,
know-how
and license agreements
   
7,848
     
8
 
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
   
16,609
     
3
 
Internal-use
software
   
93,768
     
4
 
Music catalogs
   
19,837
     
14
 
Other
   
7,534
     
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization
Intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of the following:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
   
March 31, 2020
 
 
Gross carrying
amount
 
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
 
Gross carrying
amount
 
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Patent rights,
know-how
and license agreements
   
169,761
     
(145,525
)    
166,076
     
(146,051
)
Customer relationships
   
15,759
     
(11,825
)    
16,104
     
(12,467
)
Trademarks
   
15,768
     
(9,863
)    
11,152
     
(6,114
)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
   
125,350
     
(96,322
)    
141,111
     
(110,663
)
Internal-use
software
   
529,022
     
(345,935
)    
594,109
     
(384,236
)
Music catalogs
   
615,206
     
(106,725
)    
612,266
     
(124,787
)
Artist contracts
   
42,575
     
(29,108
)    
41,764
     
(29,017
)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)
   
74,605
     
(28,685
)    
53,266
     
(21,645
)
Other
   
61,675
     
(49,288
)    
64,456
     
(51,317
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,649,721
     
(823,276
)    
1,700,304
     
(886,297
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
Estimated Aggregate Amortization Expense for Intangible Assets The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
97,978
 
2022
   
82,057
 
2023
   
66,079
 
2024
   
50,098
 
2025
   
38,658
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Carrying Amount of Intangible Assets having Indefinite Life
Total carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life
is
 comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Trademarks
   
69,447
     
69,975
 
Distribution agreements
   
18,834
     
18,834
 
Other
   
3,240
     
3,494
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
91,521
     
92,303
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                                                 
 
G&NS
 
 
Music
 
 
Pictures
 
 
EP&S
 
 
I&SS
 
 
Financial
Services
 
 
All
Other
 
 
Total
 
Balance, March 31, 2018:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
150,606
     
165,700
     
246,620
     
194,468
     
45,793
     
7,931
     
27,912
     
839,030
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(102,208
)    
(181,665
)    
     
(706
)    
(23,653
)    
(308,538
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
150,606
     
165,394
     
144,412
     
12,803
     
45,793
     
7,225
     
4,259
     
530,492
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) due to:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Acquisitions
*
   
2,261
     
240,396
     
387
     
     
     
     
     
243,044
 
Sales and dispositions
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Impairments
   
     
     
     
(776
)    
     
     
(4,331
)    
(5,107
)
Translation adjustments
   
1,088
     
(2,420
)    
3,673
     
(73
)    
771
     
     
72
     
3,111
 
Other
   
     
     
(2,988
)    
     
     
     
     
(2,988
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2019:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
153,955
     
403,676
     
252,262
     
194,416
     
46,564
     
7,931
     
28,570
     
1,087,374
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(106,778
)    
(182,462
)    
     
(706
)    
(28,570
)    
(318,822
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
153,955
     
403,370
     
145,484
     
11,954
     
46,564
     
7,225
     
     
768,552
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) due to:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Acquisitions
*
   
17,945
     
2,956
     
14,889
     
364
     
     
3,609
     
     
39,763
 
Sales and dispositions
   
     
     
(609
)    
     
     
     
     
(609
)
Impairments
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Translation adjustments
   
(926
)    
(13,802
)    
(5,410
)    
(129
)    
(372
)    
     
     
(20,639
)
Other
   
     
(1,199
)    
(1,980
)    
     
     
     
     
(3,179
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2020:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
170,974
     
391,631
     
257,074
     
194,635
     
46,192
     
11,540
     
28,269
     
1,100,315
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(104,700
)    
(182,446
)    
     
(706
)    
(28,269
)    
(316,427
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
170,974
     
391,325
     
152,374
     
12,189
     
46,192
     
10,834
     
     
783,888
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
*
Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to the acquisition of EMI Music Publishing in the Music segment. Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 relate mainly to the acquisition of Insomniac Games, Inc. in the G&NS segment, Silvergate Media in the Pictures segment and AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. in the Financial Services segment. Refer to Note 25.
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Nov. 18, 2019
JPY (¥)
Nov. 18, 2019
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
shares
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
shares
Mar. 31, 2019
USD ($)
shares
Mar. 26, 2020
shares
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]            
Common stock shares would be issued upon conversion or exercise of all convertible bonds and stock acquisition rights outstanding | shares     36,802,040      
Number of shares repurchased | shares     33,059,200 19,309,100 19,309,100  
Stock repurchase amount | ¥     ¥ 199,999 ¥ 100,000    
Retained earnings available for dividends to shareholders | ¥     683,084      
Undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by equity method | ¥     ¥ 61,226 ¥ 46,477    
Treasury Stock [Member]            
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]            
Number of treasury stocks retired during the period | shares           12,737,400
Nile Acquisition LLC            
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]            
Percentage of equity ownership       25.10%    
Businesses acquisition payment of cash consideration | $         $ 287.5  
Decrease to additional paid-in capital resulting from difference between cash consideration paid and decrease in noncontrolling interests | $         $ 295.9  
Game Show Network, LLC [Member]            
Stockholders Equity Note [Line Items]            
Percentage of equity ownership 42.00% 42.00%        
Businesses acquisition payment of cash consideration ¥ 53,992 $ 496.0        
Dividends distributed | $   $ 129.0        
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Summary of Changes in Fair Values of Japanese and Foreign Plans' Level Three Assets) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year ¥ 742,204 ¥ 711,077
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year 437,206 742,204
Japan | Private equity    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year [1] 27,956  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [1] 30,191 27,956
Japan | Hedge funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year [2] 71,606  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [2] 48,410 71,606
Japan | Corporate bonds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year [3] 97,519  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [3] 71,192 97,519
Japan | Real estate and other    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year [4] 21,392  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [4] 22,785 21,392
Foreign plans    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 274,749 269,745
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year 281,110 274,749
Foreign plans | Corporate bonds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year [5] 32,749  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [5] 31,769 32,749
Foreign plans | Real estate and other    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year [4] 33,207  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [4] 33,569 33,207
Foreign plans | Insurance contracts    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year [6] 18,308  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [6] 19,334 18,308
Level 3 | Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 120,954 113,779
Return on assets held at end of year 2,419 6,709
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net (19,401) 466
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year 103,972 120,954
Level 3 | Japan | Private equity    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 27,956 [1] 24,144
Return on assets held at end of year 2,649 4,428
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net (414) (616)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [1] 30,191 27,956
Level 3 | Japan | Hedge funds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 71,606 [2] 70,204
Return on assets held at end of year (648) 659
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net (22,548) 743
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [2] 48,410 71,606
Level 3 | Japan | Real estate and other    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 21,392 [4] 19,431
Return on assets held at end of year 418 1,622
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net 3,561 339
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [4] 25,371 21,392
Level 3 | Foreign plans    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 34,583 44,008
Return on assets held at end of year 691 1,295
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net 382 (4,198)
Transfers, net   (5,417)
Other [7] (1,181) (1,105)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year 34,475 34,583
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Corporate bonds    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year   5,303
Transfers, net   (5,540)
Other [7]   237
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Real estate and other    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 22,089 [4] 25,976
Return on assets held at end of year 132 559
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net 755 (3,809)
Transfers, net   123
Other [7] (679) (760)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [4] 22,297 22,089
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Insurance contracts    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 12,494 [6] 12,729
Return on assets held at end of year 559 736
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net (373) (389)
Other [7] (502) (582)
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year [6] ¥ 12,178 ¥ 12,494
[1] Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.
[2] Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.
[3] Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.
[4] Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
[5] Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities.
[6] Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.
[7] Primarily consists of translation adjustments.
v3.20.1
Income Taxes (Components of Domestic and Foreign Income and Provision for Current and Deferred Income Taxes) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Income before income taxes:      
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan ¥ 466,253 ¥ 310,020 ¥ 436,494
Foreign subsidiaries 333,197 701,628 262,555
Income before income taxes 799,450 1,011,648 699,049
Income taxes - Current:      
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan 105,755 82,081 69,697
Foreign subsidiaries 66,636 84,667 57,988
Current 172,391 166,748 127,685
Income taxes - Deferred:      
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan 9,421 17,907 29,640
Foreign subsidiaries (4,622) (139,557) (5,555)
Deferred 4,799 (121,650) 24,085
Total income tax expense ¥ 177,190 ¥ 45,098 ¥ 151,770
v3.20.1
Income Taxes (Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Gross Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year ¥ 50,577 ¥ 95,425 ¥ 119,529
Reductions for tax positions of prior years (331) (31,396) (8,809)
Additions for tax positions of prior years 162 3,094 4,681
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year 8,074 2,594 5,740
Settlements (13,240) (4,235) (21,893)
Lapse in statute of limitations (1,251) (14,824) (3,469)
Foreign currency translation adjustments (2,723) (81) (354)
Balance at end of the fiscal year 41,268 50,577 95,425
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate ¥ 29,539 ¥ 35,004 ¥ 39,308
v3.20.1
Revenue
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue
19.
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Contract balances
Receivables from contracts with customers, contract assets and contract liabilities are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March
 
3
1,
2019
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Receivables from contracts with customers
*1
   
1,183,115
     
1,126,597
 
Contract assets
*1
   
19,147
     
13,985
 
Contract liabilities
*2
   
254,646
     
271,286
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*1
Receivables from contracts with customers and contract assets are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets” and “Other”,
non-current.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and
non-current.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contract liabilities principally relate to customer advances received prior to performance. Revenues of 204,265 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, which were included in the balance of contract liabilities at
March 31
, 2019. Revenues of 61,706 million yen were recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 from performance obligations satisfied prior to March 31, 2019.
(2)
Performance obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
Remaining (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations represent future revenues not yet recorded for firm orders that have not yet been performed. Sony applies practical expedients to exclude certain information about the remaining performance obligations, primarily related to contracts with an expected original duration of less than one year, and sales-based or usage-based royalty revenue on licenses of intellectual property. The following table shows the summary of the transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied at March 31, 2020, of which more than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.
         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Pictures — Motion Pictures and Television Productions
*1
   
569,081
 
Pictures — Media Networks
   
22,333
 
Music
*2
   
44,971
 
Others
   
47,126
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include the potential for sales-based or usage-based royalties to exceed the minimum guarantees, and these additional royalties are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3)
Contract costs
Contract costs are comprised as follows:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
,
2019
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract
   
6,581
     
7,464
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony applies practical expedients to recognize the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense if the amortization period of the asset that otherwise would have been recognized is one year or less. The amortization of 6,420 million yen was recognized during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are primarily recognized in the EP&S segment for the internet-related service business and amortized to expense over the contract period.
(4)
Disaggregation of revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the breakdown of sales and operating revenue by segments, product categories and geographies, refer to Note 29.
v3.20.1
Pension and severance plans
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pension and severance plans
15.
Pension and severance plans
 
 
 
 
(1)
Defined benefit and severance plans
 
 
 
 
Upon terminating employment, employees of Sony Corporation and its subsidiaries in Japan are entitled, under most circumstances, to
lump-sum
indemnities or pension payments as described below. Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries’ pension plans utilize a point-based plan under which a point is added every year reflecting the individual employee’s performance over that year. Under the point-based plan, the amount of payment is determined based on the sum of cumulative points from past services and interest points earned on the cumulative points regardless of whether or not the employee is voluntarily retiring.
Under the plans, in general, the defined benefits cover 65% of the indemnities under existing regulations to employees. The remaining indemnities are covered by severance payments by the companies. The pension benefits are payable at the option of the retiring employee either in a
lump-sum
amount or monthly pension payments. Contributions to the plans are funded through several financial institutions in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
From April 1, 2012, Sony Corporation and substantially all of its subsidiaries in Japan have modified existing defined benefit pension plans such that life annuities will no longer accrue additional service benefits, with those participants instead accruing fixed-term annuities. The defined benefit pension plans were closed to new participants and a defined contribution plan was also introduced.
From October 1, 2019, Sony Corporation and substantially all of its subsidiaries in Japan have amended their defined benefit pension plans and have implemented defined contribution plans for all employees other than those employees that had retired before the amendments. As a result, accrued pension and severance costs decreased 74,872 million yen and accumulated other comprehensive income increased 81,230 million yen in the consolidated balance sheets as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. In addition, a loss on the pension plan amendment of 6,358 million yen was recorded in other expenses in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
In addition, several of Sony’s foreign subsidiaries have defined benefit pension plans or severance indemnity plans, which cover substantially all of their employees. Under such plans, the related cost of benefits is currently funded or accrued. Benefits awarded under these plans are based primarily on the current rate of pay and length of service.
The components of net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
Japanese plans
:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Service cost
   
25,185
     
23,128
     
17,948
 
Interest cost
   
8,024
     
7,020
     
4,162
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(16,440
)    
(16,695
)    
(17,040
)
Recognized actuarial loss
   
16,099
     
15,365
     
12,969
 
Amortization of prior service costs
   
(8,693
)    
(7,864
)    
(4,294
)
Losses on curtailments and settlements
   
     
     
6,358
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit costs
   
24,175
     
20,954
     
20,103
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign plans
:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Service cost
   
3,181
     
2,780
     
3,616
 
Interest cost
   
10,393
     
10,083
     
9,212
 
Expected return on plan assets
   
(11,687
)    
(11,797
)    
(10,916
)
Amortization of net transition asset
   
5
     
     
 
Recognized actuarial loss
   
3,014
     
2,656
     
2,606
 
Amortization of prior service costs
   
(574
)    
(269
)    
2
 
Losses on curtailments and settlements
   
1,058
     
1,804
     
68
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit costs
   
5,390
     
5,257
     
4,588
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
The components of net periodic benefit costs other than service cost for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are included within other expenses (income) in the consolidated statements of income.
The estimated net actuarial loss and prior service cost for the defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income into net periodic benefit costs over the next fiscal year are 12,185 million yen and 1,412 million yen, respectively.
The changes in the benefit obligation and plan assets as well as the funded status and composition of amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Change in benefit obligation:
   
     
     
     
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year
   
1,010,574
     
1,034,954
     
356,397
     
351,918
 
Service cost
   
23,128
     
17,948
     
2,780
     
3,616
 
Interest cost
   
7,020
     
4,162
     
10,083
     
9,212
 
Plan participants’ contributions
   
     
     
462
     
487
 
Plan amendments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,210
 
Actuarial (gain) loss
   
29,295
     
(3,330
)    
1,700
     
19,776
 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
   
     
     
(1,554
)    
(16,919
)
Curtailments and settlements
   
     
(359,205
)    
(6,120
)    
(4,434
)
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries
   
     
     
1,947
     
 
Other
   
6
     
2
     
     
 
Benefits paid
   
(35,069
)    
(35,668
)    
(13,777
)    
(14,055
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year
   
1,034,954
     
658,863
     
351,918
     
359,811
 
                                 
Change in plan assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year
   
711,077
     
742,204
     
269,745
     
274,749
 
Actual return on plan assets
   
18,701
     
2,942
     
15,243
     
26,738
 
Foreign currency exchange rate changes
   
     
     
(838
)    
(14,904
)
Employer contribution
   
36,875
     
7,453
     
8,542
     
9,916
 
Plan participants’ contributions
   
     
     
462
     
487
 
Curtailments and settlements
   
     
(284,333
)    
(5,960
)    
(3,146
)
Benefits paid
   
(24,449
)    
(31,060
)    
(12,445
)    
(12,730
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year
   
742,204
     
437,206
     
274,749
     
281,110
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Funded status at end of the fiscal year
   
(292,750
)    
(221,657
)    
(77,169
)    
(78,701
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Noncurrent assets
   
3,476
     
3,391
     
14,745
     
24,777
 
Current liabilities
   
     
     
(4,412
)    
(4,355
)
Noncurrent liabilities
   
(296,226
)    
(225,048
)    
(87,502
)    
(99,123
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
   
(292,750
)    
(221,657
)    
(77,169
)    
(78,701
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income, excluding tax effects, consist of:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Prior service cost (credit)
   
(8,859
)    
(369
)    
(45
)    
10,058
 
Net actuarial loss
   
311,128
     
223,354
     
71,906
     
66,326
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
   
302,269
     
222,985
     
71,861
     
76,384
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The accumulated benefit obligations for all defined benefit pension plans were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Accumulated benefit obligations
   
1,029,910
     
654,209
     
336,185
     
354,100
 
 
 
 
The projected benefit obligations, the accumulated benefit obligations and fair value of plan assets for pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
   
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Projected benefit obligations
   
1,022,235
     
645,544
     
200,596
     
230,058
 
Accumulated benefit obligations
   
1,017,191
     
640,890
     
196,928
     
226,080
 
Fair value of plan assets
   
726,009
     
420,497
     
123,937
     
130,955
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
March 31
   
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Discount rate
   
0.6
%    
0.6
%    
2.8
%    
2.0
%
Rate of compensation increase
   
*
     
*
     
2.3
     
2.2
 
 
 
 
  * Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.
 
 
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                                 
 
Japanese plans
   
Foreign plans
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
   
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Discount rate
   
0.9
%    
0.8
%    
0.6
%    
3.1
%    
2.9
%    
2.8
%
Expected return on plan assets
   
2.4
     
2.6
     
2.6
     
4.6
     
4.4
     
4.2
 
Rate of compensation increase
   
*
     
*
     
*
     
2.4
     
2.6
     
2.3
 
 
 
 
* Substantially all of Sony’s Japanese pension plans were point-based. Point-based plans do not incorporate a measure of compensation rate increases.
Sony reviews these assumptions for changes in circumstances.
The weighted-average rate of compensation increase is calculated based only on the
pay-related
plans. The point-based plans discussed above are excluded from the calculation because payments made under the plan are not based on employee compensation.
The mortality rate assumptions are based on life expectancy and death rates for different types of participants.
To determine the expected long-term rate of return on pension plan assets, Sony considers the current and expected asset allocations, as well as the historical and expected long-term rates of returns on various categories of plan assets. Sony’s pension investment policy recognizes the expected growth and the variability risk associated with the long-term nature of pension liabilities, the returns and risks of diversification across asset classes, and the correlation among assets. The asset allocations are designed to maximize returns consistent with
levels of liquidity and investment risk that are considered prudent and reasonable. While the pension investment policy gives appropriate consideration to recent market performance and historical returns, the investment assumptions utilized by Sony are designed to achieve a long-term return consistent with the long-term nature of the corresponding pension liabilities.
The investment objectives of Sony’s plan assets are designed to generate returns that will enable the plans to meet their future obligations. The precise amount for which these obligations will be settled depends on future events, including the retirement dates and life expectancy of the plans’ participants. The obligations are estimated using actuarial assumptions, based on the current economic environment and other pertinent factors. Sony’s investment strategy balances the requirement to generate returns, using potentially higher yielding assets such as equity securities, with the need to control risk in the portfolio with less volatile assets, such as fixed-income securities. Risks include, among others, inflation, volatility in equity values and changes in interest rates that could negatively impact the funding level of the plans, thereby increasing its dependence on contributions from Sony. To mitigate any potential concentration risk, thorough consideration is given to balancing the portfolio among industry sectors and geographies, taking into account interest rate sensitivity, dependence on economic growth, currency and other factors that affect investment returns. The target allocations as of March 31, 2020, are, as a result of Sony’s asset liability management, 17% of equity securities, 54% of fixed income securities and 29% of other investments for the pension plans of Sony Corporation and most of its subsidiaries in Japan, and, on a weighted average basis, 14% of equity securities, 63% of fixed income securities and 23% of other investments for the pension plans of foreign subsidiaries.
The fair values of the assets held by Japanese and foreign plans, which are classified in accordance with the fair value hierarchy described in Note 2, are as follows:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at March 31,
2019
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
10,689
     
10,689
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
140,559
     
135,713
     
4,846
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
210,817
     
     
210,817
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
97,519
     
     
97,519
     
 
Asset-backed securities
*4
   
1,537
     
     
1,537
     
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
138,455
     
     
138,455
     
 
Commodity funds
*6
   
21,674
     
     
21,674
     
 
Private equity
*7
   
27,956
     
     
     
27,956
 
Hedge funds
*8
   
71,606
     
     
     
71,606
 
Real estate and other
*9
   
21,392
     
     
     
21,392
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
742,204
     
146,402
     
474,848
     
120,954
 
                                 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at March 31,
2020
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
24,851
     
24,851
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
50,646
     
47,308
     
3,338
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
107,478
     
1,087
     
106,391
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
71,192
     
20
     
71,172
     
 
Asset-backed securities
*4
   
1,090
     
     
1,090
     
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
58,740
     
     
58,740
     
 
Commodity funds
*6
   
21,823
     
     
21,823
     
 
Private equity
*7
   
30,191
     
     
     
30,191
 
Hedge funds
*8
   
48,410
     
     
     
48,410
 
Real estate and other
*9
   
22,785
     
     
(2,586
)
   
25,371
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
437,206
     
73,266
     
259,968
     
103,972
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 Includes approximately 51 percent and 37 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 49 percent and 63 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Includes approximately 48 percent and 36 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 52 percent and 64 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 50 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 49 percent and 45 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 5 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *6 Represents commodity futures funds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *7 Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *8 Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *9 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at
 
March 31,
2019
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
4,340
     
4,340
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
23,766
     
23,113
     
653
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
84,761
     
     
84,761
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
32,749
     
     
32,749
     
 
Asset-backed securities
   
1,115
     
     
1,115
     
 
Insurance contracts
*4
   
18,308
     
     
5,814
     
12,494
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
76,503
     
     
76,503
     
 
Real estate and other
*6
   
33,207
     
     
11,118
     
22,089
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
274,749
     
27,453
     
212,713
     
34,583
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value
at
 
March 31,
2020
 
 
Fair value measurements
using inputs considered as
 
Asset class
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Cash and cash equivalents
   
4,632
     
4,632
     
     
 
Equity:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity securities
*1
   
18,380
     
17,762
     
618
     
 
Fixed income:
   
     
     
     
 
Government bonds
*2
   
93,826
     
     
93,826
     
 
Corporate bonds
*3
   
31,769
     
     
31,769
     
 
Asset-backed securities
   
1,320
     
     
1,320
     
 
Insurance contracts
*4
   
19,334
     
     
7,156
     
12,178
 
Commingled funds
*5
   
78,280
     
     
78,280
     
 
Real estate and other
*6
   
33,569
     
     
11,272
     
22,297
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
281,110
     
22,394
     
224,241
     
34,475
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 Includes primarily foreign equity securities.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Includes primarily foreign government debt securities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *5 Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *6 Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Each level in the fair value hierarchy in which each plan asset is classified is determined based on inputs used to measure the fair values of the asset, and does not necessarily indicate the risks or rating of the asset.
The following is a description of the valuation techniques used to measure Japanese and foreign plan assets at fair value. The valuation techniques are applied consistently from period to period.
Equity securities are valued at the closing price reported in the active market in which the individual securities are traded. These assets are generally classified as level 1.
The fair value of fixed income securities is typically estimated using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and are generally classified as level 2.
Commingled funds are typically measured using the valuation provided by the administrator of the fund and reviewed by Sony. The valuation is based on Sony’s interest in the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund minus liabilities. These assets are classified as level 1, level 2 or level 3 depending on availability of quoted market prices.
Commodity funds are valued using inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. These assets are generally classified as level 2.
Private equity and private real estate investment trust valuations require significant judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such assets. These assets are initially valued at cost and are reviewed periodically utilizing available and relevant market data to determine if the carrying value of these assets should be adjusted. These investments are classified as level 3.
Hedge funds are measured using the valuation provided by the administrator or custodian of the fund and reviewed by Sony. The valuation is based on Sony’s interest in the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund minus liabilities. These investments are classified as level 3.
The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair values of Japanese and foreign plans’ level 3 assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020:
                                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Private equity
 
 
Hedge funds
 
 
Real estate
and other
 
 
Total
 
Beginning balance at April 1, 2018
   
24,144
     
70,204
     
19,431
     
113,779
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
4,428
     
659
     
1,622
     
6,709
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(616
)    
743
     
339
     
466
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2019
   
27,956
     
71,606
     
21,392
     
120,954
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
2,649
     
(648
)    
418
     
2,419
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(414
)    
(22,548
)    
3,561
     
(19,401
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2020
   
30,191
     
48,410
     
25,371
     
103,972
 
                                 
       
 
Foreign plans
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs
(Level 3)
 
 
Insurance
contracts
 
 
Corporate
bonds
 
 
Real estate
and other
 
 
Total
 
Beginning balance at April 1, 2018
   
12,729
     
5,303
     
25,976
     
44,008
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
736
     
     
559
     
1,295
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(389
)    
     
(3,809
)    
(4,198
)
Transfers, net
   
     
(5,540
)    
123
     
(5,417
)
Other
*
   
(582
)    
237
     
(760
)    
(1,105
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2019
   
12,494
     
     
22,089
     
34,583
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Return on assets held at end of year
   
559
     
     
132
     
691
 
Purchases, sales, and settlements, net
   
(373
)    
     
755
     
382
 
Transfers, net
   
     
     
     
 
Other
*
   
(502
)    
     
(679
)    
(1,181
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance at March 31, 2020
   
12,178
     
     
22,297
     
34,475
 
                                 
 
 
 
  * Primarily consists of translation adjustments.
 
 
 
Sony makes contributions to its defined benefit pension plans as deemed appropriate by management after considering the fair value of plan assets, expected return on plan assets and the present value of benefit obligations. Sony expects to contribute approximately 2 billion yen to the Japanese plans and approximately 8 billion yen to the foreign plans during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2021.
The expected future benefit payments are as follows:
                 
 
Japanese plans
 
 
Foreign plans
 
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
37,384
     
20,825
 
2022
   
36,228
     
104,988
 
2023
   
36,985
     
12,089
 
2024
   
38,271
     
12,269
 
2025
   
37,216
     
13,074
 
2026 — 2030
   
185,218
     
112,218
 
 
 
 
(2)
Defined contribution plans
Total defined contribution expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Japanese plans
   
3,237
     
3,353
     
6,925
 
Foreign plans
   
11,379
     
11,602
     
10,313
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Variable Interest Entities (Summary of the Carrying Value of the Variable Interests) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Maximum exposure to loss ¥ 924,450 ¥ 462,301
Equity securities    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Maximum exposure to loss [1] 587,602 146,031
Securitized Products    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Maximum exposure to loss 210,641 195,190
Foreign Corporate Bonds    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Maximum exposure to loss [2] 82,488 95,392
Other investments    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Maximum exposure to loss 43,719 25,688
Marketable securities    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets 621,225 165,441
Marketable securities | Equity securities    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets [1] 579,773 135,552
Marketable securities | Foreign Corporate Bonds    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets [2]   29,889
Marketable securities | Other investments    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets 41,452  
Securities investments and other    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets 274,159 269,725
Securities investments and other | Equity securities    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets [1] 6,229 8,485
Securities investments and other | Securitized Products    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets 210,641 191,049
Securities investments and other | Foreign Corporate Bonds    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets [2] 41,036 65,503
Securities investments and other | Other investments    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets 16,253 4,688
Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets 21,000 21,000
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | Other investments    
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]    
Carrying Amount, Assets ¥ 21,000 ¥ 21,000
[1] Equity securities include Investment funds.
[2] Foreign corporate bonds include repackaged bonds.
v3.20.1
Business Segment Information (Sales and Operating Revenue to External Customers by Product Category) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total ¥ 8,259,885 ¥ 8,665,687 ¥ 8,543,982
Game & Network Services      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,919,760 2,224,622 1,848,298
Game & Network Services | Digital Software and Add-on Content [Member]      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,010,296 1,102,231 762,220
Game & Network Services | Network Services      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 337,265 326,524 270,972
Game & Network Services | Hardware and Others [Member]      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 572,199 795,867 815,106
Music      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 838,592 795,025 784,792
Music | Recorded Music — Streaming [Member]      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 276,039 227,513 197,439
Music | Recorded Music — Others [Member]      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 191,114 199,413 249,521
Music | Music Publishing      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 157,478 106,666 74,360
Music | Visual Media and Platform      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 213,961 261,433 263,472
Pictures      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,010,714 985,270 1,010,173
Pictures | Motion Pictures      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 475,061 436,017 448,945
Pictures | Television Productions      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 301,224 288,816 289,024
Pictures | Media Networks      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 234,429 260,437 272,204
Electronics Products & Solutions      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,969,880 2,303,167 2,582,813
Electronics Products & Solutions | Televisions      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 646,513 788,423 861,763
Electronics Products & Solutions | Audio and Video      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 346,060 362,580 357,194
Electronics Products & Solutions | Other Products and Services      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 231,021 243,328 234,622
Electronics Products & Solutions | Still and Video Cameras      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 384,142 421,506 415,318
Electronics Products & Solutions | Mobile Communications      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 362,144 487,330 713,916
Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 985,259 770,622 726,892
Financial Services      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,299,847 1,274,708 1,221,235
All Other      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 214,999 299,806 351,527
Corporate      
Revenue from External Customer [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total ¥ 20,834 ¥ 12,467 ¥ 18,252
v3.20.1
Business Segment Information (Components of Segment Sales and Operating Revenue) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total ¥ 8,259,885 ¥ 8,665,687 ¥ 8,543,982
Game & Network Services      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,919,760 2,224,622 1,848,298
Music      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 838,592 795,025 784,792
Pictures      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,010,714 985,270 1,010,173
Electronics Products & Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,969,880 2,303,167 2,582,813
Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 985,259 770,622 726,892
Financial Services      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,299,847 1,274,708 1,221,235
All Other      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 214,999 299,806 351,527
Intersegment | Game & Network Services      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 57,791 86,250 95,514
Intersegment | Music      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 11,317 12,464 15,203
Intersegment | Pictures      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,140 1,603 894
Intersegment | Electronics Products & Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 21,388 17,461 17,542
Intersegment | Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 85,317 108,708 123,118
Intersegment | Financial Services      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 7,901 7,831 7,142
Intersegment | All Other      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 36,421 45,931 55,647
Operating Segments | Game & Network Services      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,977,551 2,310,872 1,943,812
Operating Segments | Music      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 849,909 807,489 799,995
Operating Segments | Pictures      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,011,854 986,873 1,011,067
Operating Segments | Electronics Products & Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,991,268 2,320,628 2,600,355
Operating Segments | Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,070,576 879,330 850,010
Operating Segments | Financial Services      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 1,307,748 1,282,539 1,228,377
Operating Segments | All Other      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total 251,420 345,737 407,174
Corporate and Eliminations      
Segment Reporting, Revenue Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Sales and operating revenue, Total ¥ (200,441) ¥ (267,781) ¥ (296,808)
v3.20.1
Variable interest entities
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Variable interest entities
24.
Variable interest entities
 
 
 
Sony has entered into various arrangements with VIEs.
(1
)
Consolidated VIEs
 
 
 
Sony’s U.S. subsidiary that is engaged in the recorded music business has entered into several joint ventures with companies involved in the production and creation of recorded music. Sony has reviewed these joint
ventures and determined that they are VIEs. Based on a qualitative assessment, it was determined that Sony has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIEs’ economic performance, as well as the obligation to absorb the losses of these VIEs as Sony is responsible for providing funding to these VIEs, and in most cases absorbs all losses until the VIEs become profitable. As a result, it has been determined that Sony is the primary beneficiary and, accordingly, these VIEs are consolidated by Sony. The assets of Sony are not available to settle the obligations of these VIEs. As of March 31, 2020, the total assets and liabilities for these VIEs, on an aggregate basis, were 46,154 million yen and 25,100 million yen, respectively.
(2)
Unconsolidated VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
As described in Note 6, certain accounts receivable sales programs also involve VIEs. These VIEs are all special purpose entities associated with the sponsor banks. Based on a qualitative assessment, Sony is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these entities as Sony does not have the power to direct the activities, an obligation to absorb losses, or the right to receive the residual returns of these VIEs. Sony’s maximum exposure to losses from these VIEs is considered insignificant.
In the Financial Services segment, Sony has variable interests in VIEs where Sony is not the primary beneficiary. Sony’s variable interests in such VIEs include equity securities, securitized products, foreign corporate bonds and other investments.
The following tables present the carrying value of the variable interests of unconsolidated VIEs, the presentation in the consolidated balance sheet, and the maximum exposure to loss associated with these variable interests as of March 31, 2019 and 2020. Maximum exposure to loss does not reflect Sony’s estimate of the actual losses that could result from adverse changes, nor does it reflect the economic hedges Sony enters into to reduce its exposure. The risks associated with VIEs in which Sony is involved are limited to the amount recorded in the consolidated balance sheets and the amount of commitments.
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance
sheets
 
 
Maximum
exposure to loss
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Prepaid
expenses and
other current
assets
 
Equity securities
*1
 
 
135,552
 
 
 
8,485
 
 
 
 
 
 
146,031
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
191,049
 
 
 
 
 
 
195,190
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
 
 
29,889
 
 
 
65,503
 
 
 
 
 
 
95,392
 
Other investments
 
 
 
 
 
4,688
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
25,688
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
165,441
 
 
 
269,725
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
462,301
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance
sheets
 
 
Maximum
exposure to loss
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Prepaid
expenses and
other current
assets
 
Equity securities
*1
 
 
579,773
 
 
 
6,229
 
 
 
 
 
 
587,602
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
210,641
 
 
 
 
 
 
210,641
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
 
 
41,452
 
 
 
41,036
 
 
 
 
 
 
82,488
 
Other investments
 
 
 
 
 
16,253
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
43,719
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
621,225
 
 
 
274,159
 
 
 
21,000
 
 
 
924,450
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*1
Equity securities include Investment funds.
 
 
 
 
 
*2
Foreign corporate bonds include repackaged bonds.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Commitments, contingent liabilities and other
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Commitments, contingent liabilities and other
28.
Commitments, contingent liabilities and other
 
 
 
(1)
Loan commitments
 
 
 
Subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment have entered into loan agreements with their customers in accordance with the condition of the contracts. As of March 31, 2020, the total unused portion of the lines of credit extended under these contracts was 34,306 million yen. Based upon the information currently available, it is not possible to estimate the aggregate amounts of future
year-by-year
payments for these loan commitments.
(2)
Purchase commitments and other
 
 
 
Purchase commitments and other outstanding as of March 31, 2020 amounted to 684,911 million yen. The major components of these commitments are as follows:
Certain subsidiaries in the Pictures segment have entered into agreements with creative talent for the development and production of motion pictures and television programming as well as agreements with third parties to acquire completed motion pictures, or certain rights therein, and to acquire the rights to broadcast certain live action sporting events. These agreements cover various periods mainly within three years. As of March 31, 2020, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments under such contracts of 126,917 million yen.
Certain subsidiaries in the Music segment have entered into contracts with recording artists, songwriters and companies for the future production, distribution and/or licensing of music product. These contracts cover various periods mainly within five years. As of March 31, 2020, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments of 128,678 million yen under such contracts.
Certain subsidiaries in the G&NS segment have entered into long-term contracts for the development, distribution and publishing of game software. These contracts cover various periods mainly within eight years. As of March 31, 2020, these subsidiaries were committed to make payments of 29,243 million yen under such contracts.
Sony has entered into purchase contracts for fixed assets. As of March 31, 2020, Sony has committed to make payments of 199,145 million yen under such contracts.
Sony has entered into purchase contracts for materials. As of March 31, 2020, Sony has committed to make payments of 115,670 million yen under such contracts.
Sony has entered into sponsorship contracts related to advertising and promotional rights. These contracts cover various periods mainly within one year. As of March 31, 2020, Sony has committed to make payments of 5,162 million yen under such contracts.
The schedule of the aggregate amounts of
year-by-year
payment of purchase commitments during the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
378,319
 
2022
   
103,033
 
2023
   
76,541
 
2024
   
49,549
 
2025
   
36,936
 
Later fiscal years
   
40,533
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
684,911
 
         
 
 
(3)
Litigation
 
 
 
Beginning in 2009, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the European Commission and certain other governmental agencies outside the United States have conducted investigations relating to competition in the optical disk drives market. Sony Corporation and/or certain of its subsidiaries have been subject to these investigations. Sony
Corporation
understands that these investigations have ended. However, proceedings initiated by the European Commission as a result of its investigation continue. In October 2015, the European Commission adopted a decision in which it fined Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries 31 million euros; however, Sony
Corporation
filed an appeal against the decision with the European Union’s General Court. In July 2019, the General Court upheld the European Commission’s decision. Sony
 Corporation
reviewed the judgment carefully and filed an appeal with the Court of Justice of the European Union in September 2019. A number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. All of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States, except one lawsuit which is still pending. Sony believes that final resolution of the pending proceedings will not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Since 2011, in relation to the secondary batteries business that was operated by Sony
Corporation
and certain of its subsidiaries, a number of direct and indirect purchaser lawsuits, including class actions, have been filed in certain jurisdictions in which the plaintiffs allege that Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries violated antitrust laws and seek recovery of damages and other remedies. All of these lawsuits have been settled, including the class actions brought by the direct and indirect purchasers in the United States, except one lawsuit which is still pending. Sony believes that final resolution of the pending proceeding will not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
In addition, Sony Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries are defendants or otherwise involved in other pending legal and regulatory proceedings. However, based upon the information currently available, Sony believes that the outcome from such legal and regulatory proceedings would not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
(4)
Guarantees
 
 
 
Sony has issued guarantees that contingently require payments to guaranteed parties if certain specified events or conditions occur. The maximum potential amount of future payments under these guarantees as of March 31, 2020 amounted to 2,214 million yen.
In addition to the above, Sony also issues contractual product warranties under which it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. The changes in the product warranty liability for the fiscal years ended
March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year
   
57,694
     
44,717
     
33,005
 
Additional liabilities for warranties
   
32,179
     
23,041
     
21,448
 
Settlements (in cash or in kind)
   
(30,570
)    
(26,326
)    
(21,491
)
Changes in estimate for
pre-existing
warranty reserve
   
(16,802
)    
(7,370
)    
(562
)
Translation adjustments
   
2,216
     
(1,057
)    
(593
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at end of the fiscal year
   
44,717
     
33,005
     
31,807
 
                         
 
 
The consideration received for extended warranty service, which is not a significant portion of the warranty activities provided by Sony, is excluded from the amounts in the table above.
v3.20.1
Collaborative Arrangements - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]      
Cost of sales ¥ 4,753,174 ¥ 5,150,750 ¥ 5,188,259
Net sales 8,259,885 8,665,687 8,543,982
Pictures      
Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]      
Net sales ¥ 1,010,714 985,270 1,010,173
Pictures | Collaborative Arrangements, Co-production and Distribution Arrangements      
Collaborative Arrangements and Non-collaborative Arrangement Transactions [Line Items]      
Collaborative arrangement, income statement classification description Sony and the other participants typically share in the profits from the distribution of the product in all media or markets. For motion pictures, if Sony is a net receiver of (1) Sony’s share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants less (2) the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony then the net amount is recorded as net sales. If Sony is a net payer then the net amount is recorded in cost of sales. For television programming, Sony records its share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants as sales, and the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony as cost of sales.    
Cost of sales ¥ 33,921 42,343 49,547
Net sales ¥ 21,052 ¥ 22,702 ¥ 24,280
v3.20.1
Acquisitions - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ in Millions, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Jan. 29, 2020
JPY (¥)
Dec. 09, 2019
JPY (¥)
Dec. 09, 2019
USD ($)
Nov. 15, 2019
JPY (¥)
Nov. 15, 2019
USD ($)
Nov. 14, 2018
JPY (¥)
Nov. 14, 2018
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2018
JPY (¥)
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 19, 2019
Dec. 09, 2019
USD ($)
Nov. 15, 2019
USD ($)
Nov. 14, 2018
USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Goodwill               ¥ 768,552   ¥ 783,888 ¥ 768,552   ¥ 530,492          
Revenue                   8,259,885 8,665,687   8,543,982          
Operating income                   845,459 894,235   734,860          
Percentage of equity interest 50.00%                         44.50% 56.30%      
Other acquisitions                                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Business acquisition total consideration                   6,853 7,743   27,459          
Goodwill               5,773   6,778 5,773   20,013          
Intangible assets acquired               4,422   ¥ 2,301 4,422   ¥ 4,980          
EMI Music Publishing                                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Cash consideration for acquisition           ¥ 257,168 $ 2,269                      
Step acquisition, percentage of equity interest acquired           60.00%                       60.00%
Revenue               18,420 $ 167   28,871 $ 260            
Operating income               ¥ 4,522 $ 41   6,432 58            
Step acquisition, percentage of equity ownership immediately before additional acquisition           40.00%                       40.00%
Equity interest owned prior to acquisition at fair value                     141,141 1,245            
Recognized gain on remeasured equity interest                     ¥ 116,939 $ 1,032            
Interest bearing debt amount           ¥ 148,621                       $ 1,311
Debt repayment           ¥ 108,942 $ 961                      
Weighted average amortization period                     43 years 43 years            
Insomniac Games, Inc                                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Business acquisition total consideration       ¥ 24,895 $ 229                          
Goodwill       17,945                         $ 164  
Intangible assets acquired       ¥ 6,794                         $ 62  
Silvergate Media Group                                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Cash consideration for acquisition   ¥ 21,017 $ 192                              
Goodwill   11,431                           $ 106    
Intangible assets acquired   ¥ 3,387                           $ 32    
Silvergate Topco Limited                                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Step acquisition, percentage of equity interest acquired   100.00%                           100.00%    
Silvergate BP Bidco Limited                                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Step acquisition, percentage of equity interest acquired   31.00%                           31.00%    
Acquisition of equity interests in joint ventures in the life insurance business                                    
Business Acquisition [Line Items]                                    
Cash consideration for acquisition ¥ 18,750                                  
Step acquisition, percentage of equity interest acquired 50.00%                                  
Equity interest owned prior to acquisition at fair value ¥ 13,932                                  
Recognized gain on remeasured equity interest ¥ 1,827                                  
Percentage of equity interest 100.00%                                  
v3.20.1
Marketable securities and securities investments
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Marketable securities and securities investments
7.
Marketable securities and securities investments
Marketable securities and securities investments, primarily held in the Financial Services segment, include debt securities for which the aggregate cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value pertaining to
available-for-sale
securities and
held-to-maturity
securities are as follow
s
.
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japanese national government bonds
 
 
1,422,620
 
 
 
220,989
 
 
 
(20
)
 
 
1,643,589
 
 
 
1,552,036
 
 
 
210,459
 
 
 
(566
)
 
 
1,761,929
 
Japanese local government bonds
 
 
67,461
 
 
 
70
 
 
 
(34
)
 
 
67,497
 
 
 
69,132
 
 
 
73
 
 
 
(33
)
 
 
69,172
 
Japanese corporate bonds
 
 
202,433
 
 
 
17,178
 
 
 
(223
)
 
 
219,388
 
 
 
202,164
 
 
 
19,112
 
 
 
(567
)
 
 
220,709
 
Foreign government bonds
 
 
153,429
 
 
 
8,669
 
 
 
(603
)
 
 
161,495
 
 
 
198,777
 
 
 
81,014
 
 
 
(14
)
 
 
279,777
 
Foreign corporate bonds
 
 
360,299
 
 
 
944
 
 
 
(376
)
 
 
360,867
 
 
 
361,422
 
 
 
507
 
 
 
(2,179
)
 
 
359,750
 
Securitized products
 
 
190,111
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
190,112
 
 
 
205,223
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
205,223
 
Other
 
 
2,286
 
 
 
2,402
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,688
 
 
 
14,398
 
 
 
1,867
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
16,253
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,398,639
 
 
 
250,253
 
 
 
(1,256
)
 
 
2,647,636
 
 
 
2,603,152
 
 
 
313,032
 
 
 
(3,371
)
 
 
2,912,813
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japanese national government bonds
 
 
6,042,635
 
 
 
2,016,786
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,059,421
 
 
 
6,204,505
 
 
 
2,098,885
 
 
 
(1,397
)
 
 
8,301,993
 
Japanese local government bonds
 
 
3,518
 
 
 
388
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,906
 
 
 
2,504
 
 
 
331
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,835
 
Japanese corporate bonds
 
 
409,329
 
 
 
44,348
 
 
 
(5,845
)
 
 
447,832
 
 
 
482,050
 
 
 
61,176
 
 
 
(4,754
)
 
 
538,472
 
Foreign government bonds
 
 
386,392
 
 
 
18,609
 
 
 
(13,742
)
 
 
391,259
 
 
 
723,937
 
 
 
302,297
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,026,234
 
Foreign corporate bonds
 
 
198
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
209
 
 
 
98
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
105
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,418
 
 
 
 
 
 
(421
)
 
 
4,997
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,842,072
 
 
 
2,080,142
 
 
 
(19,587
)
 
 
8,902,627
 
 
 
7,418,512
 
 
 
2,462,696
 
 
 
(6,572
)
 
 
9,874,636
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
9,240,711
 
 
 
2,330,395
 
 
 
(20,843
)
 
 
11,550,263
 
 
 
10,021,664
 
 
 
2,775,728
 
 
 
(9,943
)
 
 
12,787,449
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents the cost and fair value of debt securities classified as
available-for-sale
securities and
held-to-maturity
securities by contractual maturity:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
Held-to-maturity
securities
 
 
Cost
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Fair value
 
Due in one year or less
   
145,867
     
146,084
     
6,075
     
6,109
 
Due after one year through five years
   
432,281
     
435,443
     
199,509
     
217,983
 
Due after five years through ten years
   
561,098
     
637,363
     
246,072
     
283,086
 
Due after ten years
   
1,463,906
     
1,693,923
     
6,966,856
     
9,367,458
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,603,152
     
2,912,813
     
7,418,512
     
9,874,636
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from sales of
available-for-sale
securities were 39,982 million yen, 66,906 million yen and 84,362 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. On these sales, gross realized gains were 1,257 million yen, 240 million yen and 354 million yen and gross realized losses were 2 million yen, 475 million yen and 128 million yen, respectively, for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Sony adopted ASU
2016-01
from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the
available-for-sale
classification is eliminated for equity securities for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
Marketable securities classified as trading securities, which are held primarily in the Financial Services segment, totaled 234,117 million yen and 270,120 million yen as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Sony recorded net unrealized gains of 48,047 million yen, net unrealized gains of 3,610 million yen, and net
unrealized gains of 1,705 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Changes in the fair value of trading securities are primarily recognized in financial services revenue in the consolidated statements of income. Sony adopted ASU 2016-01 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, the trading classification is eliminated for equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on, and fair value of, Sony’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2019 and 2020.
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Less than 12 months
   
12 months or more
   
Total
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Debt securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
     
4,063
     
(20
)    
4,063
     
(20
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
27,404
     
(29
)    
4,872
     
(5
)    
32,276
     
(34
)
Japanese corporate bonds
   
25,725
     
(21
)    
19,925
     
(202
)    
45,650
     
(223
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
15,878
     
(603
)    
15,878
     
(603
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
50,281
     
(117
)    
15,455
     
(259
)    
65,736
     
(376
)
Securitized products
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Other
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
103,410
     
(167
)    
60,193
     
(1,089
)    
163,603
     
(1,256
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
     
97,984
     
(5,845
)    
97,984
     
(5,845
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
151,229
     
(13,742
)    
151,229
     
(13,742
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
     
     
249,213
     
(19,587
)    
249,213
     
(19,587
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
103,410
     
(167
)    
309,406
     
(20,676
)    
412,816
     
(20,843
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Less than 12 months
   
12 months or more
   
Total
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Debt securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
51,746
     
(539
)    
2,032
     
(27
)    
53,778
     
(566
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
25,010
     
(10
)    
16,340
     
(23
)    
41,350
     
(33
)
Japanese corporate bonds
   
62,118
     
(548
)    
10,694
     
(19
)    
72,812
     
(567
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
1,537
     
(14
)    
1,537
     
(14
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
86,220
     
(2,133
)    
18,896
     
(46
)    
105,116
     
(2,179
)
Securitized products
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Other
   
12,055
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,055
     
(12
)
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
237,149
     
(3,242
)    
49,499
     
(129
)    
286,648
     
(3,371
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
134,320
     
(1,397
)    
     
     
134,320
     
(1,397
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
98,172
     
(4,285
)    
3,727
     
(469
)    
101,899
     
(4,754
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Securitized products
   
5,418
     
(421
)    
     
     
5,418
     
(421
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
237,910
     
(6,103
)    
3,727
     
(469
)    
241,637
     
(6,572
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
475,059
     
(9,345
)    
53,226
     
(598
)    
528,285
     
(9,943
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, Sony determined that the decline in value for securities with unrealized losses shown in the above table is not other-than-temporary in nature.
For the
fiscal
 
years
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, with respect to equity securities included in marketable securities and securities investments, Sony recorded net realized gains of 77,495 million yen and 20,176 million yen due to the sale of equity securities and net unrealized gains of 104,168 million yen and net
 
unrealized
loss of 134,831 million yen due to revaluation of equity securities held as of March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Gains or losses arising from equity securities held in the Financial Services segment are recorded in financial services revenue, and gains or losses arising from equity securities held in all segments other than the Financial Services segment are recorded in gain
 (loss)
on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. Included in the
gains and (losses)
noted above were
gains and (losses)
recorded by Sony with respect to the equity securities held by Sony in Spotify Technology S.A. (“Spotify”).
On April 3, 2018, Spotify was publicly listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Sony owned 5.707% of Spotify’s shares at the time of the public listing.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony sold a portion of the Spotify shares that it owned for aggregate consideration of 82,616 million yen (768 million U.S. dollars) in cash proceeds. The sale of such shares, offset by costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other transaction costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the sale of Spotify shares, resulted in a net
pre-tax
realized gain of 54,179 million yen (504 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income. The payments to Sony’s artists and distributed labels are included within Other in the cash flows from investing activities of the consolidated statement of cash flows.
The remaining Spotify shares retained as of March 31, 2019 had a gross fair value of 78,947 million yen (711 million U.S. dollars), and the revaluation of such shares resulted in a
pre-tax
unrealized gain, net of costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels and other costs which directly related to the gains recognized from the revaluation of Spotify shares, of 47,543 million yen (449 million U.S. dollars) recorded in gain on equity securities, net in the consolidated statement of income.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020,
Sony did not sell any portion of the Spotify shares that it owned. The
revaluation of the remaining Spotify shares retained as of March 31, 2020 resulted in a
pre-tax
unrealized loss, net of
a decrease in
costs to be paid to Sony’s artists and distributed labels, of 6,063 million yen (57 million U.S. dollars) recorded in loss on equity securities, net in the consolidated statements of income.
The aggregate carrying amounts of securities that do not have readily determinable fair values
 as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 totaled 25,720 million yen and 30,120 million yen, respectively. Sony recorded no upward adjustments
for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values
for
 
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
, and
 upward adjustments of 1,070 million yen
for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values
for
 
the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. Sony recorded downward adjustments (including impairments) of 4,285 million yen and 9,075 million yen for securities that do not have readily determinable fair values for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
v3.20.1
Inventories
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Inventories
3.
Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Finished products
   
407,295
     
345,231
 
Work in process
   
154,178
     
149,969
 
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies
   
91,805
     
94,769
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Inventories
   
653,278
     
589,969
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt
11.
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt
Short-term borrowings are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Unsecured loans:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.52%
   
55,186
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.86%
   
     
91,725
 
Repurchase agreement:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.56%
   
432,820
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.93%
   
     
567,194
 
Secured call money:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%
   
130,612
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.13%
   
     
151,257
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
618,618
     
810,176
 
                 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 474,644 million yen as collateral for 567,194 million yen of short-term repurchase agreements. The repurchase agreement provides for net settlement upon a termination event.
At March 31, 2020, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 42,576 million yen as collateral for 151,257 million yen of secured call money.
In addition, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with an aggregate book value of 12,445 million yen as collateral for cash settlements, variation margins of futures markets and certain other purposes.
Long-term debt is comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Unsecured loans, representing obligations principally to banks:
   
     
 
Due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum
   
57,321
     
 
Due 2020 to 2029, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 5.10 % per annum
   
     
17,880
 
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019
   
69,964
     
 
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019
   
50,000
     
 
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021
   
89,819
     
89,894
 
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023
   
15,000
     
15,000
 
Unsecured 0.13% bonds, due 2024
   
     
29,886
 
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026
   
24,911
     
24,923
 
Unsecured 0.18% bonds, due 2026
   
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.30% bonds, due 2029
   
     
59,738
 
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022:
   
 
     
 
Conversion price 5,008.0 yen per common share
 
 
 
119,961
 
 
 
 
Conversion price 4,996.0 yen per common share
   
     
119,531
 
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023
   
200,003
     
201,205
 
Finance lease liabilities and
other*:
   
     
 
Due 2019 to 2048, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 9.14% per annum
   
72,991
     
 
Due 2020 to 2050, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 12.59% per annum
   
     
56,350
 
Guarantee deposits received
   
10,863
     
10,366
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
740,833
     
664,773
 
Less — Portion due within one year
   
172,461
     
29,807
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
568,372
     
634,966
 
                 
 
 
 
 
*
Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations and other as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment pledged marketable securities and securities investments with a book value of 52,942 million yen and housing loans with a book value of 378,241 million yen as collateral for a 200,000 million yen long-term secured loan.
On July 21, 2015, Sony issued 120,000 million yen of 130% callable unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds with stock acquisition rights due 2022 (the “Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds”). The bondholders are entitled to stock acquisition rights effective from September 1, 2015 to September 28, 2022. The initial conversion price was 5,008.0 yen per common share. In addition to the standard anti-dilution provisions, the conversion price is reduced for a certain period before an early redemption triggered upon the occurrence of certain corporate events including a merger, corporate split and delisting event. The reduced amount of the conversion price will be determined by a formula that is based on the effective date of the reduction and Sony’s common stock price. The reduced conversion price ranges from 3,526.5 yen to 5,008.0 yen per common share. The conversion price is also adjusted for dividends in excess of 25 yen per common share per fiscal year. The conversion price has been adjusted to 4,982.5 yen per common share since June 10, 2020 because the payment of the total annual dividend per common share for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was 45 yen, which is in excess of 25 yen. Sony has the option to redeem all of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds outstanding at 100% of the principal amount after July 21, 2020, if the closing sales price per share of Sony’s common stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is 130% or more of the conversion price of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for 20 consecutive trading days. Sony was not required to bifurcate any of the embedded features contained in the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for accounting purposes. There are no significant adverse debt covenants under the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds.
In October 2019, Sony issued unsecured straight bonds in the aggregate principal amount of 100,000 million yen. Sony used all of the proceeds of the issued bonds for the repayment of debt. 
There are no significant adverse debt covenants or cross-default provisions related to the other short-term borrowings and long-term debt.
Aggregate amounts of annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
29,807
 
2022
   
159,102
 
2023
   
229,617
 
2024
   
81,041
 
2025
   
43,923
 
Later fiscal years
   
121,283
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
664,773
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, Sony had unused committed lines of credit amounting to 518,147 million yen and can generally borrow up to 180 days from the banks with whom Sony has committed line contracts. Furthermore, at March 31, 2020, Sony ha
d
 commercial paper programs totaling 1,044,150 million yen. Sony can issue commercial paper for a period generally not in excess of 270 days up to the size of the programs.
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Projected Benefit Obligations, Accumulated Benefit Obligations and Fair Value of Plan Assets for Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Projected benefit obligations ¥ 645,544 ¥ 1,022,235
Accumulated benefit obligations 640,890 1,017,191
Fair value of plan assets 420,497 726,009
Foreign plans    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Projected benefit obligations 230,058 200,596
Accumulated benefit obligations 226,080 196,928
Fair value of plan assets ¥ 130,955 ¥ 123,937
v3.20.1
Leases-Summary of Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases (Detail)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Finance Lease [Abstract]  
Current portion of long-term debt ¥ 9,240
Long-term debt 29,843
Total ¥ 39,083
Weighted average remaining lease term  
Operating leases 9 years 10 months 28 days
Finance leases 8 years 7 months 9 days
Weighted average discount rate  
Operating leases 3.147%
Finance leases 2.338%
v3.20.1
Insurance-Related Accounts - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Combined amounts of statutory net equity of insurance subsidiaries which is not measured in accordance with U.S. GAAP ¥ 586,983 ¥ 548,730  
Life insurance revenues 1,052,316 910,011 ¥ 857,766
Non-life insurance revenues 115,730 111,392 105,497
Amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs charged to income 93,734 79,906 ¥ 68,137
Future insurance policy benefits 6,237,048 5,633,865  
Nontraditional Life Insurance Contracts [Member]      
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Deferred insurance acquisition costs of non-traditional life insurance contracts ¥ 206,363 ¥ 209,897  
Minimum      
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Interest rates for future policy benefit based on market conditions and expected investment returns 0.50%    
Minimum | Interest Sensitive Whole Life Contracts      
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits 1.70%    
Minimum | Investments Contracts      
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits 0.01%    
Maximum      
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Interest rates for future policy benefit based on market conditions and expected investment returns 4.50%    
Maximum | Interest Sensitive Whole Life Contracts      
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits 2.00%    
Maximum | Investments Contracts      
Liability for Future Policy Benefit, by Product Segment [Line Items]      
Credited interest rates associated with policyholder contract deposits 6.30%    
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Changes in Benefit Obligation and Plan Assets as well as Funded Status and Composition of Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheets) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Japan      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year ¥ 1,034,954 ¥ 1,010,574  
Service cost 17,948 23,128 ¥ 25,185
Interest cost 4,162 7,020 8,024
Actuarial (gain) loss (3,330) 29,295  
Curtailments and settlements (359,205)    
Other 2 6  
Benefits paid (35,668) (35,069)  
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year 658,863 1,034,954 1,010,574
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 742,204 711,077  
Actual return on plan assets 2,942 18,701  
Employer contribution 7,453 36,875  
Curtailments and settlements (284,333)    
Benefits paid (31,060) (24,449)  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year 437,206 742,204 711,077
Funded status at end of the fiscal year (221,657) (292,750)  
Foreign plans      
Change in benefit obligation:      
Benefit obligation at beginning of the fiscal year 351,918 356,397  
Service cost 3,616 2,780 3,181
Interest cost 9,212 10,083 10,393
Plan participants' contributions 487 462  
Plan amendments 10,210    
Actuarial (gain) loss 19,776 1,700  
Foreign currency exchange rate changes (16,919) (1,554)  
Curtailments and settlements (4,434) (6,120)  
Effect of changes in consolidated subsidiaries   1,947  
Benefits paid (14,055) (13,777)  
Benefit obligation at end of the fiscal year 359,811 351,918 356,397
Change in plan assets:      
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of the fiscal year 274,749 269,745  
Actual return on plan assets 26,738 15,243  
Foreign currency exchange rate changes (14,904) (838)  
Employer contribution 9,916 8,542  
Plan participants' contributions 487 462  
Curtailments and settlements (3,146) (5,960)  
Benefits paid (12,730) (12,445)  
Fair value of plan assets at end of the fiscal year 281,110 274,749 ¥ 269,745
Funded status at end of the fiscal year ¥ (78,701) ¥ (77,169)  
v3.20.1
Investments in Affiliated Companies (Account Balances and Transactions with Affiliated Companies Accounted for under Equity Method) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Apr. 01, 2019
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Short-term borrowings ¥ 810,176 ¥ 618,618    
Finance lease liabilities and other 39,083      
Operating lease liabilities 383,778     ¥ 341,251
Equity Method Investee        
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]        
Accounts receivable, trade 12,030 12,404    
Other receivables 1,589 134    
Other current assets 9,757 33    
Accounts payable, trade 1,497 1,087    
Short-term borrowings 31,557 29,744    
Finance lease liabilities and other [1] 34,564 20,265    
Operating lease liabilities 2,393      
Sales 35,951 41,437 ¥ 45,415  
Purchases ¥ 3,479 ¥ 5,584 ¥ 3,180  
[1] Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
v3.20.1
Leases-Summary of Maturities of Lease Liabilities (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Apr. 01, 2019
Operating Leases [Abstract]    
2021 ¥ 76,469  
2022 69,606  
2023 55,648  
2024 40,303  
2025 30,664  
Later fiscal years 152,275  
Total lease payments 424,965  
Less imputed interest 41,187  
Total 383,778 ¥ 341,251
Finance Leases [Abstract]    
2021 10,213  
2022 7,323  
2023 5,990  
2024 4,689  
2025 3,163  
Later fiscal years 23,088  
Total lease payments 54,466  
Less imputed interest 15,383  
Total ¥ 39,083  
v3.20.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount ¥ 1,700,304 ¥ 1,649,721
Accumulated amortization (886,297) (823,276)
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 166,076 169,761
Accumulated amortization (146,051) (145,525)
Customer relationships    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 16,104 15,759
Accumulated amortization (12,467) (11,825)
Trademarks    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 11,152 15,768
Accumulated amortization (6,114) (9,863)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 141,111 125,350
Accumulated amortization (110,663) (96,322)
Internal-use software    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 594,109 529,022
Accumulated amortization (384,236) (345,935)
Music catalogs    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 612,266 615,206
Accumulated amortization (124,787) (106,725)
Artist contracts    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 41,764 42,575
Accumulated amortization (29,017) (29,108)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 53,266 74,605
Accumulated amortization (21,645) (28,685)
Other    
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Gross carrying amount 64,456 61,675
Accumulated amortization ¥ (51,317) ¥ (49,288)
v3.20.1
Marketable Securities and Securities Investments - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2020
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2018
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2019
USD ($)
Apr. 03, 2018
Investment Holdings [Line Items]              
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities ¥ 84,362   ¥ 66,906   ¥ 39,982    
Gross realized gains from available-for-sale securities 354   240   1,257    
Gross realized losses from available-for-sale securities 128   475   2    
Marketable securities classified as trading securities 270,120   234,117        
Net unrealized gains on trading securities 1,705   3,610   ¥ 48,047    
Net realized gains on sale of equity securities 20,176   77,495        
Net unrealized gains on revaluation of equity securities 134,831   104,168        
Gain or loss on sale of shares in security investments 61,544            
Investment in non public companies 30,120   25,720        
Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, downward price adjustment 9,075   4,285        
Equity securities without readily determinable fair value, upward price adjustment 1,070            
Spotify Technology SA              
Investment Holdings [Line Items]              
Ownership percentage             5.707%
Proceed from sale of shares     82,616 $ 768      
Gain or loss on sale of shares in security investments 0   54,179 504      
Gross fair value of retained shares     78,947     $ 711  
Gain on equity securities, net ¥ (6,063) $ (57) ¥ 47,543 $ 449      
v3.20.1
Kumamoto Earthquake - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
1 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2017
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]          
Incremental losses and associated expenses directly related to the damage caused by earthquakes, together with other expenses   ¥ 4,753,174 ¥ 5,150,750 ¥ 5,188,259  
Insurance claim paid by insurance carriers ¥ 20,000        
Other Operating Revenue          
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]          
Difference amount recorded in other operating revenue from insurance recoveries 9,318        
Repair Costs of Fixed Assets and a Loss on Disposal of Inventories          
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]          
Incremental losses and associated expenses directly related to the damage caused by earthquakes, together with other expenses         ¥ 16,682
Insurance recoveries         10,682
Insurance receivables agreed by insurance carriers         10,000
Remaining insurance receivables         682
Amount due to certain carrier as reinsurance         2,000
Amount paid to insurance carriers       ¥ 2,000  
Idle Facility Costs at Manufacturing Sites          
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]          
Incremental losses and associated expenses directly related to the damage caused by earthquakes, together with other expenses         ¥ 9,365
Business Interruption Coverage          
Business Interruption Loss [Line Items]          
Insurance receivables agreed by insurance carriers ¥ 10,000        
v3.20.1
Revenue - Schedule of Contract Costs (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Obtaining Contract    
Capitalized Contract Cost [Line Items]    
Capitalized contract cost ¥ 7,464 ¥ 6,581
v3.20.1
Supplemental consolidated statements of income information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Components of Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net
Other operating (income)
expense, net is comprised of the following:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Gain on sale of Sony City Osaki
*1
   
(4,914
)    
     
 
Gain on remeasurement of EMI shares
*2
   
     
(116,939
)    
 
Gain on remeasurement and sale of SRE shares
*3
 
   
     
     
(17,266
)
Gain on remeasurement of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. shares
*4
   
     
     
(1,827
)
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net
*5
   
(29,613
)    
(1,557
)    
(12,801
)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net
*6
   
38,599
     
46,928
     
29,778
 
Other
   
     
     
(1,495
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
4,072
     
(71,568
)    
(3,611
)
                         
 
 
 
 
*1 A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
 
 
 
*2 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.
 
 
 
 
*3 Refer to Note 5.
 
 
 
 
*4 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.
 
 
 
 
*5 Refer to Notes 25 and 26.
 
 
 
 
*6 Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Supplemental Consolidated Statements of Income Information (Components of Other Operating (Income) Expense, Net) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]      
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net [1] ¥ (12,801) ¥ (1,557) ¥ (29,613)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net [2] 29,778 46,928 38,599
Other (1,495)    
Other operating (income) expense, net (3,611) (71,568) 4,072
AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd      
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]      
Gain on remeasurement of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. shares [3] (1,827)    
EMI Music Publishing      
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]      
Gain on remeasurement of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. shares [3]   ¥ (116,939)  
SRE shares [Member]      
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]      
Gain on remeasurement and sale of SRE shares [4] ¥ (17,266)    
Sony City Osaki      
Component Of Other Operating Income And Expense [Line Items]      
Gain on sale of building [5]     ¥ (4,914)
[1] Refer to Notes 25 and 26.
[2] Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.
[3] Refer to Notes 5 and 25.
[4] Refer to Note 5.
[5] A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
v3.20.1
Stockholders' equity (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Equity [Abstract]  
Changes in Number of Shares of Common Stock Issued and Outstanding
Changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 have resulted from the following:
         
 
Number of shares
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
1,263,763,660
 
Issuance of new shares
   
218,000
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
2,565,700
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
4,789
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
1,266,552,149
 
Issuance of new shares
   
149,900
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
4,525,300
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
2,992
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
1,271,230,341
 
   
 
 
 
Issuance of new shares
   
184,900
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
2,294,900
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
86,040
 
Cancellation of treasury stock
   
(12,737,400
)
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
1,261,058,781
 
         
 
 
 
Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
126,635
     
(58
)    
(308,736
)    
(436,610
)    
(618,769
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
2,013
     
(2,295
)    
1,779
     
(4,480
)    
(2,983
)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other
comprehensive income
*
   
(943
)    
1,111
     
10,611
     
(1,855
)    
8,924
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
1,070
     
(1,184
)    
12,390
     
(6,335
)    
5,941
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
1,514
     
     
98
     
2,306
     
3,918
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
126,191
     
(1,242
)    
(296,444
)    
(445,251
)    
(616,746
)
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
Adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
126,191
     
(1,242
)    
(296,444
)    
(445,251
)    
(616,746
)
Cumulative effect of
ASU2016-01
   
(15,526
)    
     
     
     
(15,526
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
33,124
     
2,316
     
(23,448
)    
10,071
     
22,063
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income
*
   
161
     
(1,093
)    
9,488
     
(1,627
)    
6,929
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
33,285
     
1,223
     
(13,960
)    
8,444
     
28,992
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
8,915
     
     
53
     
(1,578
)    
7,390
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
135,035
     
(19
)    
(310,457
)    
(435,229
)    
(610,670
)
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Debt
valuation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
135,035
     
(19
)    
(310,457
)    
(435,229
)    
     
(610,670
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
40,334
     
1,193
     
(17,519
)    
(75,814
)    
3,032
     
(48,774
)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other
comprehensive income
*
   
56
     
74
     
92,490
     
(74
   
     
92,546
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
40,390
     
1,267
     
74,971
     
(75,888
)    
3,032
     
43,772
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
14,234
     
     
34
     
(1,245
)    
1,059
     
14,082
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
161,191
     
1,248
     
(235,520
)    
(509,872
)    
1,973
     
(580,980
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                             
 
Yen in millions
   
Comprehensive income components
 
Amounts reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive income
   
Affected line items in consolidated
statements of income
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
   
(646
)    
235
     
82
   
Financial services revenue
   
(561
)    
     
   
Gain on sale of securities investments, net
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total before tax
   
(1,207
)    
235
     
82
   
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
264
     
(74
)    
(26
)  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
(943
)    
161
     
56
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
   
Cost of sales
   
     
     
106
   
Net sales
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total before tax
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
106
   
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
     
     
(32
)
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
74
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Pension liability adjustment
   
11,034
     
9,891
     
92,514
   
*
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
(423
)    
(403
)    
(24
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
10,611
     
9,488
     
92,490
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(1,855
)    
(1,627
)    
(74
)  
Foreign exchange loss, net and other operating (income) expense, net
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
     
     
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
(1,855
)    
(1,627
)    
(74
)  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
   
8,924
     
6,929
     
92,546
   
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components
is
included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.
 
 
 
Net Income Attributable to Sony Corporation's Stockholders and Transfers (to) from Noncontrolling Interests
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
      2018      
 
 
      2019      
 
 
      2020      
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
490,794
     
916,271
     
582,191
 
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:
   
     
     
 
Increase (decrease) in additional
paid-in
capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries
   
(74
)    
(22,775
)    
16,372
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests
   
490,720
     
893,496
     
598,563
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Summary of significant accounting policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies
Basis of consolidation and accounting for investments in affiliated companies -
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Sony Corporation and its majority-owned subsidiary companies, general partnerships and other entities in which Sony has a controlling interest, and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which Sony is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated. Investments in business entities in which Sony does not have control, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies, generally through
20-50%
ownership, are accounted for under the equity method. In addition, investments in general partnerships in which Sony does not have a controlling interest and limited partnerships are also accounted for under the equity method if more than minor influence over the operation of the investee exists (generally through more than
3-5%
ownership). When the interest in the partnership is so minor that Sony has no significant influence over the operation of the investee, the interest in the partnership is carried at fair value. Under the equity method, investments are stated at cost plus/minus Sony’s portion of equity in undistributed earnings or losses. Sony’s equity in current earnings or losses of such entities is reported net of income taxes and is included in operating income (loss) after the elimination of unrealized intercompany profits. If the value of an investment has declined and is judged to be other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value.
On occasion, a consolidated subsidiary or an affiliated company accounted for by the equity method may issue its shares to third parties in either a public or private offering or upon conversion of convertible debt to common stock at amounts per share in excess of or less than Sony’s average per share carrying value. With respect to such transactions, the resulting gains or losses arising from the change in ownership interest are recorded in earnings within the fiscal year in which the change in interest transactions occurs.
Gains or losses that result from a loss of a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary are recorded in earnings along with fair value remeasurement gains or losses on any retained investment in the entity, while a change in interest
in
a consolidated subsidiary that does not result in a change in control is accounted for as a capital transaction and no gains or losses are recorded in earnings.
The excess of the cost over the underlying net equity of investments in consolidated subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for on an equity basis is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on fair values at the date of acquisition. The unassigned residual value of the excess of the cost over Sony’s underlying net equity is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance.
Use of estimates
Use of estimates -
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The most significant estimates include those used in determining the valuation of investment securities, valuation of inventories, fair values of long-lived assets, fair values of goodwill and other intangible assets, fair values of assets and liabilities assumed in business combinations, product warranty liability, pension and severance plans, valuation of deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, film costs, and insurance related liabilities. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimates. The timing and extent to which the spread of COVID-19 may negatively impact Sony’s business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain. This uncertainty could result in greater variability in accounting estimates and assumptions, including, but not limited to, those used in reviewing goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment and the valuation of deferred tax assets.
Translation of foreign currencies
Translation of foreign currencies -
All asset and liability accounts of foreign subsidiaries and affiliates are translated into Japanese yen at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and all income and expense accounts are translated at exchange rates that approximate those rates prevailing at the time of the transactions. The resulting translation adjustments are accumulated as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Upon remeasurement of a previously held equity interest in accordance with the accounting guidance for business combinations achieved in stages, accumulated translation adjustments, if any, are included in earnings.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at appropriate fiscal year end exchange rates and the resulting translation gains or losses are recognized into income.
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash -
Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and are so near maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value because of changes in interest rates. Sony includes restricted cash within cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows.
Marketable debt and equity securities
Marketable debt and equity
securities
-
Debt securities designated as
available-for-sale
are carried at fair value with
unrealized
gains or losses included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. Equity securities that have a readily determinable fair value, and debt securities classified as trading securities, are carried at fair value with unrealized gains or losses included in income. Debt securities that are expected to be
held-to-maturity
are carried at amortized cost. Individual securities classified as either
available-for-sale
or
held-to-maturity
are reduced to fair value by a charge to income when an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses are determined on the average cost method and are reflected in income.
Sony regularly evaluates its investment portfolio to identify other-than-temporary impairments of individual debt securities. Factors that are considered by Sony in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the length of time and extent to which the market value of the security has been less than its original cost, the financial condition, operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows of the issuer of the security, other specific factors affecting the market value, deterioration of the credit condition of the issuer, sovereign risk, and whether or not Sony is able to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for the anticipated recovery in market value.
In evaluating the factors for debt securities designated as
available-for-sale,
Sony presumes a decline in value to be other-than-temporary if the fair value of the security is 20 percent or more below its original cost for an extended period of time (generally for a period of up to six months). This criterion is employed as a threshold to identify securities which may have a decline in value that is other-than-temporary. The presumption of an other-than-temporary impairment in such cases may be overcome if there is evidence to support that the decline
is temporary in nature due to the existence of other factors which overcome the duration or magnitude of the decline. On the other hand, there may be cases where impairment losses are recognized when the decline in the fair value of the security is not more than 20 percent or such decline has not existed for an extended period of time, as a result of considering specific factors which may indicate that the decline in the fair value is other-than-temporary.
When an other-than-temporary impairment of a
held-to-maturity
debt security has occurred, the amount of the other-than-temporary impairment recognized in income depends on whether Sony intends to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the debt security meets either of these two criteria, the other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income, measured as the entire difference between the security’s amortized cost and its fair value at the impairment measurement date. For other-than-temporary impairment of the debt security that does not meet these two criteria, the net amount recognized in income is a credit loss, which equals the difference between the amortized cost of the debt security and its net present value calculated by discounting Sony’s best estimate of projected future cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the debt security prior to impairment. Any difference between the fair value and the net present value of the debt security at the impairment measurement date is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized in income are presented as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values
Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values -
Equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. If the value of equity securities that do not have readily determinable fair values is estimated to have declined and such decline is judged to be other-than-temporary, Sony recognizes the impairment of the investment and the carrying value is reduced to its fair value. Determination of impairment is based on the consideration of several factors, including operating results, business plans and estimated future cash flows. Fair value is determined through the use of various methodologies such as discounted cash flows, valuation of recent financings and comparable valuations of similar companies.
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for doubtful accounts -
Sony maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for potentially uncollectible receivables. Sony reviews accounts receivable by amounts due from customers which are past due to identify specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. In determining the amount of the reserve, Sony makes judgments about the creditworthiness of customers based on past collection experience and ongoing credit risk evaluations.
Inventories
Inventories -
Inventories in the Game & Network Services (“G&NS”), Music, Electronics Products & Solutions (“EP&S”) and Imaging & Sensing Solutions (“I&SS”) segments as well as
non-film
inventories for the Pictures segment are valued at cost, not in excess of the net realizable value – i.e., estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal, cost being determined on the “average cost” basis.
Other receivables
Other receivables -
Other receivables include receivables which relate to arrangements with certain component manufacturers whereby Sony procures goods, including product components, for these component manufacturers and is reimbursed for the related purchases. No revenue or profit is recognized on these transfers. Sony will repurchase the inventory at a later date from the component manufacturers as either finished goods inventory or as partially assembled product.
Film costs
Film costs -
Film costs include direct production costs, production overhead and acquisition costs for both motion picture and television productions and are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or estimated fair value and
classified as noncurrent assets. Film costs are amortized, and the estimated liabilities for residuals and participations are accrued using an individual-film-forecast method based on the ratio of current period actual revenues to the estimated remaining total revenues. Film costs also include broadcasting rights, which are recognized when the license period begins and the program is available for use, and consist of acquired programming to be aired on Sony’s worldwide channel network. Broadcasting rights are stated at the lower of unamortized cost or net realizable value, classified as either current or noncurrent assets based on timing of expected use. Broadcasting rights are amortized based on estimated usage or on a straight-line basis over the useful life, as appropriate, although broadcasting rights licensed under multi-year live-event sports programming agreements are generally amortized based on the ratio of the current period’s actual advertising revenue and an allocation of subscription fee revenue to the estimated total remaining attributable revenues. Estimates used in calculating the fair value of film costs and the net realizable value of broadcasting rights are based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions and are reviewed on a periodic basis.
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation
Property, plant and equipment and depreciation -
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Useful lives for depreciation range from 2 to 50 years for buildings and from 2 to 10 years for machinery and equipment. Significant renewals and additions are capitalized at cost. Maintenance and repairs, and minor renewals and betterments are charged to income as incurred.
Leases
Leases -
When entering into a contract, Sony determines whether an arrangement contains a lease at its inception. An arrangement contains a lease if it conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant, or equipment (an identified asset) for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Operating leases are included in operating lease
right-of-use
assets, current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities, and long-term operating lease liabilities on Sony’s consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in finance lease
right-of-use
assets, current portion of long-term debt, and long-term debt on Sony’s consolidated balance sheets.
Right-of-use
assets represent Sony’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent Sony’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Right-of-use assets also include any lease payments or initial direct costs incurred on or before the commencement date and excludes lease incentives. In determining the present value of lease payments, Sony generally uses its incremental borrowing rate, as the implicit rate is not available for most of its leases. Sony determines its incremental borrowing rate based on the estimated rate of interest for collateralized borrowing, taking into account the lease term and the economic environment of each country or region at commencement date. The lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that Sony will exercise that option. Lease expense for operating leases recorded on the balance sheet is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Sony accounts for the lease and
non-lease
components of all underlying asset classes as a single lease component. Sony has applied the short-term lease exception for leases with a term of one year or less, where right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are not recognized and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis
.
As of April 1, 2019, Sony adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, which amends leasing guidance, on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 on April 1, 2019, right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for operating leases were not recognized in Sony’s consolidated balance sheet. For the detailed effect of the adoption of the new standard on Sony’s results of operations and financial position, refer to Note 2 (2) Recently adopted accounting pronouncements.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Goodwill and other intangible assets -
Goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value below its carrying amount. Such an event or change in circumstances would include unfavorable variances from established business plans, significant changes in forecasted results or volatility inherent to external markets and industries, which are periodically reviewed by Sony’s management.
In the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony elected not to perform an optional qualitative assessment of goodwill and instead proceeded directly to a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. Reporting units are Sony’s operating segments or one
level below the operating segments. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is not considered impaired. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Indefinite lived intangible assets are tested for impairment by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset with its carrying value, and if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.
The fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite lived intangible asset is generally determined using a discounted cash flow analysis. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions, including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, earnings multiples, the determination of appropriate comparable entities and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. Consideration is also given to Sony’s market capitalization in relation to the sum of the calculated fair values of the reporting units, including reporting units with no goodwill, and taking into account corporate level assets and liabilities not assigned to individual reporting units as well as a reasonable control premium.
The assumptions used for projected future cash flows and the timing of such cash flows are based on the forecast and
mid-range
plan (“MRP”) of each reporting unit and take into account such factors as historical experience, market and industry information, and current and forecasted economic conditions. Perpetual growth rates are utilized to determine a terminal cash flow value and are generally set after the three-year forecasted period for the MRP. Certain reporting units, such as those in the Pictures segment, utilize longer forecast periods and base the terminal value on an exit price using an earnings multiple applied to the final year of the forecasted earnings, which also takes into consideration a control premium. Discount rates are derived from the weighted average cost of capital of market participants in similar businesses.
Management believes that the assumptions used to estimate the fair value in the goodwill impairment tests are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of COVID-19. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower than currently anticipated cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in assumptions could negatively affect the valuations, which may result in Sony recognizing impairment charges for goodwill and indefinite lived intangible assets in the future.
When a business within a reporting unit is disposed of, goodwill is allocated to the disposed business using the relative fair value method.
Intangible assets with finite useful lives mainly consist of patent rights,
know-how,
license agreements, customer relationships, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed,
internal-use
software, music catalogs, artist contracts, and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements). Patent rights,
know-how,
license agreements, trademarks, software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed, and
internal-use
software are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over 3 to 10 years. Customer relationships, music catalogs, artist contracts and television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements) are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over 10 to 44 years.
Capitalized software
Capitalized software -
The costs related to establishing the technological feasibility of software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed are expensed as incurred as a part of research and development in cost of sales. Costs that are incurred to produce the finished product after technological feasibility is established are capitalized and amortized to cost of sales over the estimated economic life, which is generally three years. The technological feasibility of game software is established when the product master is completed. Consideration to capitalize game software development costs before this point is limited to the development costs of games for which technological feasibility can be proven at an earlier stage. At each balance sheet date, Sony performs reviews to ensure that unamortized capitalized software costs remain recoverable from future profits of the related software products.
The costs incurred for
internal-use
software during the application development stage are capitalized and amortized, mainly to selling, general and administrative expenses, on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life. Costs related to the preliminary project stage and post implementation activities are expensed as incurred.
Deferred insurance acquisition costs
Deferred insurance acquisition costs -
Costs that vary with and are directly related to the acquisition or renewal of insurance policies are deferred as long as they are recoverable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs include such items as commissions, medical examination costs and inspection report fees, and are subject to recoverability testing at least annually to ensure that the capitalized amounts do not exceed the present value of anticipated gross profits or premiums less benefits and maintenance expenses, as applicable. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for traditional life insurance contracts are amortized over the premium-paying period of the related insurance policies using assumptions consistent with those used in computing policy reserves. The deferred insurance acquisition costs for
non-traditional
life insurance contracts are amortized over the expected life at a constant rate based on the present value of the estimated gross profit. Investment yields, mortality rates, lapse rates and discount rates are used as important assumptions for the present value of the estimated gross profit.
Product warranty
Product warranty -
Sony provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. The product warranty is calculated based upon product sales, estimated probability of failure and estimated cost per claim. The variables used in the calculation of the provision are reviewed on a periodic basis.
Future insurance policy benefits
Future insurance policy benefits -
Liabilities for future insurance policy benefits are primarily comprised of the present value of estimated future payments to policyholders. These liabilities are computed by the net level premium method based upon the assumptions as to future investment yield, morbidity, mortality, withdrawals and other factors. These assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Liabilities for future policy benefits includes the liabilities for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts. As discussed below in “Fair value measurement,” Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for future insurance policy benefits.
Policyholders' account in the life insurance business
Policyholders’ account in the life insurance business -
Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business represent the contract value that has accrued to the benefit of the policyholders as of the balance sheet date. This liability is generally equal to the accumulated account deposits, plus interest credited, less policyholder withdrawals and other charges assessed against the account balances. Liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business includes the liabilities related to the variable annuities and variable life insurance contracts with minimum guarantee benefits. As discussed below in “Fair value measurement,” Sony elected the fair value option for certain of these liabilities for policyholders’ account in the life insurance business.
Impairment of long-lived assets
Impairment of long-lived assets -
Sony reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of its long-lived assets held and used, other than goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives, and assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the individual carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Long-lived assets to be held and used are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset or asset group with their estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the cash flows are determined to be less than the carrying value of the asset or asset group, an impairment loss would be recognized during the period for the amount by which the carrying value of the asset or asset group exceeds estimated fair value. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of other than by sale are considered held and used until they are disposed of. Long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less cost to sell and are not depreciated. Fair value is determined using the present value of estimated net cash flows or comparable market values. This approach uses significant estimates and assumptions including projected future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates applied to determine terminal values, determination of appropriate market comparables and the determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables.
Management believes that the estimates of future cash flows and fair values are reasonable, including, but not limited to, the potential impacts arising from the spread of COVID-19. As the extent and duration of the impacts from COVID-19 remain unclear, Sony’s estimates and assumptions may evolve as conditions change. Actual results could differ from those estimates. As a result, changes in estimates resulting in lower future cash flows and fair values due to unforeseen changes in Sony’s businesses or assumptions could negatively affect the valuations of long-lived assets.
Fair value measurement
Fair value measurement -
Sony measures fair value as an exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. Sony has elected the fair value option in the banking business for certain foreign securities. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to fluctuations of foreign exchange rates by allowing the gains and losses on the translation of these securities to be included in current earnings. Sony has also elected the fair value option for certain future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business which are not normally measured at fair value. The election was made to mitigate accounting mismatches related to the changes in the fair value between liabilities for those future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account due to changes in the minimum guarantee risk of contracts of variable annuities with minimum guarantee benefits, and the underlying investment managed for policyholders and derivatives. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk were estimated by incorporating the certain subsidiary’s current credit spreads, and are recognized in other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The accounting guidance for fair value measurements specifies a hierarchy of inputs to valuation techniques based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Sony’s assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Observable market data is used if such data is available without undue cost and effort. Each fair value measurement is reported in one of three levels which is determined by the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
These levels are:
         
Level 1
 
 
Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets.
         
Level 2
 
 
Inputs are based on observable inputs other than level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations, in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
         
Level 3
 
 
One or more significant inputs are unobservable.
 
 
 
 
When available, Sony uses unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets to measure fair value and classifies such items within level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based or independently sourced market parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates and option volatilities. Items valued using internally generated models are classified according to the lowest level input that is significant to the valuation. For certain financial assets and liabilities, Sony determines fair value using third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers and quantitative input from investment advisors following Sony’s established valuation procedures including validation against internally developed prices. Additionally, Sony considers both counterparty credit risk and Sony’s own creditworthiness in determining fair value. Sony attempts to mitigate credit risk to third parties by entering into netting agreements and actively monitoring the creditworthiness of counterparties and its exposure to credit risk through the use of credit limits and by selecting major international banks and financial institutions as counterparties.
Transfers between levels are deemed to have occurred at the beginning of the interim period in which the transfers occur.
Derivative financial instruments
Derivative financial instruments -
All derivatives are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a gross basis. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized periodically in income or stockholders’ equity (as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income), depending on whether the derivative financial instrument qualifies as a hedge and the derivative is being used to hedge changes in fair value or cash flows.
The accounting guidance for hybrid financial instruments permits an entity to elect fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument if the hybrid instrument contains an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated and accounted for separately under accounting guidance for
derivative instruments and hedging activities. The election to measure the hybrid instrument at fair value is made on an
instrument-by-instrument
basis and is irreversible. Certain subsidiaries in the Financial Services segment had hybrid financial instruments, disclosed in Note 7 as debt securities, that contain embedded derivatives where the entire instrument was carried at fair value.
In accordance with accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging activities, various derivative financial instruments held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.
Fair value hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as fair value hedges for recognized assets or liabilities or unrecognized firm commitments are recognized in earnings as offsets to changes in the fair value of the related hedged assets or liabilities.
Cash flow hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges for forecasted transactions or exposures associated with recognized assets or liabilities are initially recorded in other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. The time value component of the fair value of option contracts is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis over the life of the hedging instruments. Any difference between the change in fair value of the excluded component and
the
accumulated amount recognized in earnings on a straight-line basis is recognized in other comprehensive income.
Derivatives not designated as hedges
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in earnings.
Assessment of hedges
When applying hedge accounting, Sony formally documents all hedging relationships between the derivatives designated as hedges and the hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategies for undertaking various hedging activities. Sony links all hedges that are designated as fair value or cash flow hedges to specific assets or liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets or to the specific forecasted transactions. Sony also assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an
on-going
basis, whether the derivatives that are designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged items. When it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective as a hedge, Sony discontinues hedge accounting.
Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation -
Sony accounts for stock-based compensation using the fair value
-
based method and the expense is mainly included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Sony accounts for its stock acquisition rights plan using the fair value measured on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The stock acquisition rights plan is recognized, net of an estimated forfeiture rate, over the requisite service period using the accelerated method of amortization for grants with graded vesting. The estimated forfeiture rate is based on Sony’s historical experience in the stock acquisition rights plans where the majority of the vesting terms have been satisfied.
Revenue recognition
Revenue recognition -
Sony recognizes revenue in an amount that reflects the consideration Sony expects in exchange for satisfying performance obligations to transfer the goods or services promised in contracts with customers. This is in accordance with the following steps:
Step 1: Identify the contract(s) with a customer.
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 3: Determine the transaction price.
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract.
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) Sony satisfies a performance obligation.
Sony owns a variety of intellectual property throughout segments and recognizes revenue through the licensing of such intellectual property. Sony has both functional and symbolic intellectual property. The licensing of functional intellectual property grants a customer a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at a point in time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation at the point in time when the customer obtains control and is entitled to benefit from the license. The licensing of symbolic intellectual property grants a customer a right to access Sony’s intellectual property over time, and Sony satisfies its performance obligation over the license period as Sony maintains the intellectual property.
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract and costs to fulfill a contract are recognized as assets when Sony expects to recover these costs. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that would not have been incurred if the contract had not been obtained. Costs to fulfill a contract are those costs that are directly related to a contract or to an anticipated contract and that generate or enhance resources for Sony to satisfy its performance obligations. Sony applies a practical expedient and recognizes the incremental costs of obtaining a contract as an expense when incurred if the amortization period of the asset that would have been recognized is one year or less.
Performance obligations in contracts for the EP&S and I&SS segments are primarily to deliver various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices to customers. Revenues from these performance obligations are generally recognized when a promised good is delivered to a customer. However, if the sales contract contains a customer acceptance provision, then revenues are recognized when the customer accepts the promised good or when a deemed acceptance occurs by the lapse of time. Revenues are also recognized over time, primarily from the provision of internet broadband network services to subscribers over the subscription period. Revenues are recognized net of anticipated returns and sales incentives.
Within the G&NS segment, revenues from hardware, peripherals and software discs are recognized when performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control to the retailer/distributor, net of anticipated returns, sales incentives and cooperative advertising obligations. Revenues from platform licensing to publishers are recognized when physical software discs are delivered. Revenues from digital game content, which is licensed functional intellectual property, are recognized when the digital content is made available for use by the licensee via an online platform, net of anticipated sales incentives and credit card chargebacks. Revenues from digital game content involving multiple performance obligations, such as obligations to make content available on future dates, are allocated to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling prices that are observable in the market or Sony’s best estimate. Revenues from subscription fees for digital subscription services are recognized over the subscription period.
Within the Music segment, Sony licenses intellectual property that transfer to a customer either a right to use Sony’s intellectual property as it exists at the point in time in which the license is granted, or a right to access Sony’s intellectual property as it exists throughout the license period. Revenues are recognized when the customer has the right to use or access the intellectual property and obtains control of the use or access of that license. Digital revenues include revenues from contracts with digital streaming services typically recognized as a single performance obligation, which is ongoing access to intellectual property in an evolving library of content over the contract term, predicated on: (1) the business practice and contractual ability to remove specific content without a requirement to replace the content and without impact to minimum royalty guarantees and (2) the contracts not containing a specific listing of content subject to the license. For these contracts, revenues are recognized on the basis of sales and usage royalties, except where there is an amount of a minimum royalty guarantee that is not expected to be recouped, or a fixed fee, which is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Revenues from the sale of physical product such as CDs, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public.
Within the Pictures segment, revenues from the theatrical exhibition of motion pictures are recognized as the customer exhibits the film. Revenues from the licensing of motion picture and television programming for pay and free television exhibition and other markets are recognized when the product is available for use by the licensee. Revenues for motion picture and television program licensing arrangements involving multiple performance obligations, for example a fee for multiple titles, territories or availability dates, are allocated based on the relative standalone selling price of each performance obligation using Sony’s best estimate based on available information such as market conditions and internal pricing guidelines. Each individual motion picture or television programming product delivered generally represents a separate performance obligation. Licensing revenue associated with certain renewals or extensions of existing agreements for motion pictures and television programming is recognized when the licensee can use and benefit from the content under the renewal or extension. Licensing revenue associated with minimum guarantees for symbolic intellectual property is
recognized ratably over the license term. For home entertainment distribution, revenues from the sale of physical product such as DVDs and
Blu-ray
Disc
TM
, net of anticipated returns and sales incentives, are recognized when delivery has occurred and the product is available for sale to the public. Revenues from electronic sell-through and
video-on-demand
are recognized when the product is made available for viewing via digital distribution platforms. Revenues from the sale of broadcast advertising are recognized when the advertisement is aired, and the performance obligation in these arrangements is the delivery of advertising spots and may include a guaranteed amount of impressions. When a guarantee for a number of impressions is not achieved, revenues are not recognized until additional advertising spots are delivered to provide the guaranteed impressions. Revenues from subscription fees received by television networks are recognized when the service is provided. The performance obligation under network subscription arrangements is a license of functional intellectual property that is satisfied as programming is provided over the term of the arrangement.
Traditional life insurance policies that the life insurance subsidiary underwrites, most of which are categorized as long-duration contracts, mainly consist of whole life, term life and accident and health insurance contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue when due from policyholders.
Amounts received as payment for
non-traditional
contracts such as interest sensitive whole life contracts, individual annuity contracts and other contracts without life contingencies are recognized in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business. Revenues from these contracts are comprised of fees earned for administrative and contract-holder services, which are recognized over the period of the contracts, and included in financial services revenue.
Property and casualty insurance policies that the
non-life
insurance subsidiary underwrites are primarily automotive insurance contracts which are categorized as short-duration contracts. Premiums from these policies are reported as revenue over the period of the contract in proportion to the amount of insurance protection provided.
Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers and subsequently remitted to governmental authorities.
Cost of sales
Cost of sales -
Costs classified as cost of sales relate to the producing and manufacturing of products and include items such as material cost, subcontractor cost, depreciation of fixed assets, amortization of intangible assets, personnel expenses, research and development costs, and amortization of film costs related to motion picture and television productions.
Research and development costs
Research and development costs -
Research and development costs, included in cost of sales, include items such as salaries, personnel expenses and other direct and indirect expenses associated with research and product development. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Selling, general and administrative
Selling, general and administrative -
Costs classified as selling expenses relate to promoting and selling products and include items such as advertising, promotion, shipping and warranty expenses. General and administrative expenses include operating items such as officers’ salaries, personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, office rental for sales, marketing and administrative divisions, a provision for doubtful accounts and amortization of intangible assets.
Financial services expenses
Financial services expenses -
Financial services expenses include a provision for policy reserves and amortization of deferred insurance acquisition costs, and all other operating costs, such as personnel expenses, depreciation of fixed assets, and office rental of subsidiaries, in the Financial Services segment.
Advertising costs
Advertising costs -
Advertising costs are expensed when the advertisement or commercial appears in the selected media.
Shipping and handling costs
Shipping and handling costs -
The majority of shipping and handling, warehousing and internal transfer costs for finished goods are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. An exception to this is in the Pictures segment where such costs are charged to cost of sales as they are an integral part of producing and distributing motion pictures and television programming. All other costs related to Sony’s distribution network are included in cost of sales, including inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs and warehousing costs for raw materials and
in-process
inventory. Shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers are treated as separate performance obligations. Amounts paid by customers for shipping and handling costs are included in net sales.
Income taxes
Income taxes -
The provision for income taxes is computed based on the pretax income included in the consolidated statements of income, and the tax liability attributed to undistributed earnings of subsidiaries and affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future. The asset and liability approach is used to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities.
Carrying amounts of deferred tax assets require a reduction by a valuation allowance if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that such assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the need to establish valuation allowances for deferred tax assets is assessed periodically with appropriate consideration given to all positive and negative evidence related to the realization of the deferred tax assets. Management’s judgments related to this assessment consider, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses on an individual tax jurisdiction basis, forecasts of future profitability after consideration of uncertain tax positions, excess of appreciated asset value over the tax basis of net assets, the duration of statutory carryforward periods, the past utilization of net operating loss carryforwards prior to expiration, as well as prudent and feasible tax planning strategies which would be employed by Sony to prevent net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards from expiring unutilized.
Sony records assets and liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Sony continues to recognize interest and penalties, if any, with respect to income taxes, including unrecognized tax benefits, as interest expense and as income tax expense, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. The amount of income taxes Sony pays is subject to ongoing audits by various taxing authorities, which may result in proposed assessments. In addition, several significant items related to intercompany transfer pricing are currently the subject of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions as a result of pending advance pricing agreement applications and competent authority requests. Sony’s estimate for the potential outcome for any uncertain tax issues is judgmental and requires significant estimates. Sony assesses its income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examinations based upon the evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at that reporting date. For those tax positions for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, Sony records the amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. If Sony does not believe that it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized. However, Sony’s future results may include favorable or unfavorable adjustments to Sony’s estimated tax liabilities due to closure of income tax examinations, the outcome of negotiations between taxing authorities in different jurisdictions, new regulatory or judicial pronouncements or other relevant events. As a result, the amount of unrecognized tax benefits, and the effective tax rate, may fluctuate significantly.
The U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “U.S. Tax Reform Act”) subjects a U.S. entity to tax on Global Intangible Low Tax Income (“GILTI”) earned by its foreign subsidiaries. Sony has elected to account for GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.
Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders per share ("EPS")
Net income (loss) attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders per share (“EPS”) -
Basic EPS is computed based on the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted EPS reflects the maximum possible dilution from conversion, exercise, or contingent issuance of securities. All potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the calculation in a situation where there is a net loss attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements
Leases -
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 
2016-02,
which amends the accounting guidance for leases. The ASU requires substantially all leases to be recognized on the balance sheet. Sony has adopted this ASU effective April 1, 2019, on a modified retrospective basis with no restatement of comparative periods. Sony has elected the package of practical expedients for leases that expired or existed prior to the adoption date. As a result, Sony did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, or whether initial direct costs for any existing leases qualify for capitalization. In addition, Sony has applied the short-term lease exception.
As a result of the adoption of this ASU, Sony recognized 316,923 million yen of operating lease
right-of-use
assets and 341,251 million yen of lease liabilities for operating leases on the consolidated balance sheets at April 1, 2019. This impact is mainly due to operating leases of real estate. The difference of 24,328 million yen between
right-of-use
assets and lease liabilities represents deferred rent for leases that existed as of the date of adoption, which was offset against the opening balance of operating lease
right-of-use
assets. Finance lease
 
right-of-use
assets which are included in property, plant and equipment in the consolidated balance sheets for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, are now presented as finance lease
right-of-use
assets from April 1, 2019 onward.
Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities
-
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-08, which requires certain premiums on callable debt securities to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amortization period for callable debt securities purchased at a discount will not be affected. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Targeted improvements to accounting for hedging activities -
In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU
2017-12,
which made targeted improvements to the accounting for hedging activities. The amendments in this update simplify certain aspects of hedge accounting for both
non-financial
and financial risks and better align the recognition and measurement of hedge results with an entity’s risk management activities. This ASU also amends certain presentation and disclosure requirements for hedging activities and changes how an entity assesses hedge effectiveness. This ASU was effective for Sony as of April 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
(3)
Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Measurement of credit losses on financial instruments -
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU
2016-13,
which amends the accounting guidance for credit losses on financial instruments. The ASU requires the consideration of all available relevant information when estimating expected credit losses, including past events, current conditions and forecasts and their implications for expected credit losses. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Improvements to Accounting for Costs of Films and License Agreements for Program Materials -
In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-02,
which updates the guidance for the capitalization of film costs associated with episodic television series, requires the use of fair value rather than net realizable value when determining potential impairments of broadcasting rights, and modifies the presentation and disclosure requirements for films and broadcasting rights. In addition, upon capitalization of film costs entities are required to determine qualitatively whether the predominant monetization strategy is on a
title-by-title
basis or together with other films and/or broadcast rights as part of a film group, such as in the case of a release of a film as part of a library of content on a streaming service. In the case of a film group, impairments are evaluated at the overall film group level rather than the individual title level. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and is applied on a prospective basis. Upon adoption, Sony will reclassify
 approximately
24.1
b
illion yen of broadcasting rights in the Pictures segment and
 ap
proximately
 7.4
 
b
illion yen of animation film production costs in the Music segment included in inventor
ies
 to film costs.
Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-12,
which revises the accounting for certain long-duration insurance contracts, and in November 2019, the FASB issued ASU
2019-09
to defer the effective date of ASU
2018-12
to January 1, 2022. The ASU prescribes comprehensive changes to recognition and measurement of certain long-duration insurance contracts and assumptions and introduces certain financial statement presentation requirements, as well as significant additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2022. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.
Disclosures for Fair Value Measurement -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-13,
which amends disclosure requirements related to fair value measurement. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020. Since this ASU only impacts disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Disclosures for Defined Benefit Plans -
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU
2018-14,
which amends disclosure requirements related to defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans. This ASU is effective for Sony as of April 1, 2020 and will be applied on a retrospective basis. Since this ASU only impacts disclosures, the adoption will have no impact on Sony’s results of operations and financial position.
Income Taxes -
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, which simplifies the accounting requirements for income taxes. This ASU will be effective for Sony as of April 1, 2021 and amendments within this ASU are required to be applied on a prospective basis, except certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective or modified retrospective basis. The impact of this ASU on Sony’s results of operations and financial position is being evaluated.
Reference Rate Reform -
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, which provides optional relief for certain contracts impacted by reference rate reform. The relief provided by the amendments is permitted to be adopted any time through December 31, 2022. Sony is still evaluating the impact of reference rate reform and whether to apply the optional relief.
Reclassifications
(4)
Reclassifications
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Certain reclassifications of the financial statements and accompanying footnotes for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 have been made to conform to the presentation for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
v3.20.1
Marketable securities and securities investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Aggregate Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses and Fair Value Pertaining to Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities
Marketable securities and securities investments, primarily held in the Financial Services segment, include debt securities for which the aggregate cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and fair value pertaining to
available-for-sale
securities and
held-to-maturity
securities are as follow
s
.
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
Debt securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japanese national government bonds
 
 
1,422,620
 
 
 
220,989
 
 
 
(20
)
 
 
1,643,589
 
 
 
1,552,036
 
 
 
210,459
 
 
 
(566
)
 
 
1,761,929
 
Japanese local government bonds
 
 
67,461
 
 
 
70
 
 
 
(34
)
 
 
67,497
 
 
 
69,132
 
 
 
73
 
 
 
(33
)
 
 
69,172
 
Japanese corporate bonds
 
 
202,433
 
 
 
17,178
 
 
 
(223
)
 
 
219,388
 
 
 
202,164
 
 
 
19,112
 
 
 
(567
)
 
 
220,709
 
Foreign government bonds
 
 
153,429
 
 
 
8,669
 
 
 
(603
)
 
 
161,495
 
 
 
198,777
 
 
 
81,014
 
 
 
(14
)
 
 
279,777
 
Foreign corporate bonds
 
 
360,299
 
 
 
944
 
 
 
(376
)
 
 
360,867
 
 
 
361,422
 
 
 
507
 
 
 
(2,179
)
 
 
359,750
 
Securitized products
 
 
190,111
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
190,112
 
 
 
205,223
 
 
 
0
 
 
 
 
 
 
205,223
 
Other
 
 
2,286
 
 
 
2,402
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,688
 
 
 
14,398
 
 
 
1,867
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
16,253
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,398,639
 
 
 
250,253
 
 
 
(1,256
)
 
 
2,647,636
 
 
 
2,603,152
 
 
 
313,032
 
 
 
(3,371
)
 
 
2,912,813
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Japanese national government bonds
 
 
6,042,635
 
 
 
2,016,786
 
 
 
 
 
 
8,059,421
 
 
 
6,204,505
 
 
 
2,098,885
 
 
 
(1,397
)
 
 
8,301,993
 
Japanese local government bonds
 
 
3,518
 
 
 
388
 
 
 
 
 
 
3,906
 
 
 
2,504
 
 
 
331
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,835
 
Japanese corporate bonds
 
 
409,329
 
 
 
44,348
 
 
 
(5,845
)
 
 
447,832
 
 
 
482,050
 
 
 
61,176
 
 
 
(4,754
)
 
 
538,472
 
Foreign government bonds
 
 
386,392
 
 
 
18,609
 
 
 
(13,742
)
 
 
391,259
 
 
 
723,937
 
 
 
302,297
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,026,234
 
Foreign corporate bonds
 
 
198
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
209
 
 
 
98
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
 
105
 
Securitized products
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,418
 
 
 
 
 
 
(421
)
 
 
4,997
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,842,072
 
 
 
2,080,142
 
 
 
(19,587
)
 
 
8,902,627
 
 
 
7,418,512
 
 
 
2,462,696
 
 
 
(6,572
)
 
 
9,874,636
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
9,240,711
 
 
 
2,330,395
 
 
 
(20,843
)
 
 
11,550,263
 
 
 
10,021,664
 
 
 
2,775,728
 
 
 
(9,943
)
 
 
12,787,449
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost and Fair Value of Debt Securities Classified as Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity
The following table presents the cost and fair value of debt securities classified as
available-for-sale
securities and
held-to-maturity
securities by contractual maturity:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
Held-to-maturity
securities
 
 
Cost
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Cost
 
 
Fair value
 
Due in one year or less
   
145,867
     
146,084
     
6,075
     
6,109
 
Due after one year through five years
   
432,281
     
435,443
     
199,509
     
217,983
 
Due after five years through ten years
   
561,098
     
637,363
     
246,072
     
283,086
 
Due after ten years
   
1,463,906
     
1,693,923
     
6,966,856
     
9,367,458
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,603,152
     
2,912,813
     
7,418,512
     
9,874,636
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Unrealized Losses and Fair Value of Securities with Unrealized Losses, Aggregated by Investment Category and Length of Time in Continuous Unrealized Loss Position
The following tables present the gross unrealized losses on, and fair value of, Sony’s investment securities with unrealized losses, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at March 31, 2019 and 2020.
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Less than 12 months
   
12 months or more
   
Total
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Debt securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
     
4,063
     
(20
)    
4,063
     
(20
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
27,404
     
(29
)    
4,872
     
(5
)    
32,276
     
(34
)
Japanese corporate bonds
   
25,725
     
(21
)    
19,925
     
(202
)    
45,650
     
(223
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
15,878
     
(603
)    
15,878
     
(603
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
50,281
     
(117
)    
15,455
     
(259
)    
65,736
     
(376
)
Securitized products
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Other
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
103,410
     
(167
)    
60,193
     
(1,089
)    
163,603
     
(1,256
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
     
97,984
     
(5,845
)    
97,984
     
(5,845
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
151,229
     
(13,742
)    
151,229
     
(13,742
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
     
     
249,213
     
(19,587
)    
249,213
     
(19,587
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
103,410
     
(167
)    
309,406
     
(20,676
)    
412,816
     
(20,843
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Less than 12 months
   
12 months or more
   
Total
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
Unrealized
losses
 
Debt securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
51,746
     
(539
)    
2,032
     
(27
)    
53,778
     
(566
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
25,010
     
(10
)    
16,340
     
(23
)    
41,350
     
(33
)
Japanese corporate bonds
   
62,118
     
(548
)    
10,694
     
(19
)    
72,812
     
(567
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
1,537
     
(14
)    
1,537
     
(14
)
Foreign corporate bonds
   
86,220
     
(2,133
)    
18,896
     
(46
)    
105,116
     
(2,179
)
Securitized products
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Other
   
12,055
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12,055
     
(12
)
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
237,149
     
(3,242
)    
49,499
     
(129
)    
286,648
     
(3,371
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
securities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
134,320
     
(1,397
)    
     
     
134,320
     
(1,397
)
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
98,172
     
(4,285
)    
3,727
     
(469
)    
101,899
     
(4,754
)
Foreign government bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Securitized products
   
5,418
     
(421
)    
     
     
5,418
     
(421
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
237,910
     
(6,103
)    
3,727
     
(469
)    
241,637
     
(6,572
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
475,059
     
(9,345
)    
53,226
     
(598
)    
528,285
     
(9,943
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Stockholders' Equity (Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]      
Cost of sales ¥ (4,753,174) ¥ (5,150,750) ¥ (5,188,259)
Income before income taxes 799,450 1,011,648 699,049
Tax expense or (benefit) (177,190) (45,098) (151,770)
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders 582,191 916,271 490,794
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]      
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders 92,546 6,929 8,924
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Unrealized gains (losses) on securities      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]      
Financial services revenue 82 235 (646)
Gain on sale of securities investments, net     (561)
Income before income taxes 82 235 (1,207)
Tax expense or (benefit) (26) (74) 264
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders 56 161 (943)
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]      
Cost of sales   (1,093) 1,111
Net sales 106    
Income before income taxes 106 (1,093) 1,111
Tax expense or (benefit) (32)    
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders 74 (1,093) 1,111
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Pension liability adjustment      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]      
Pension liability adjustment 92,514 [1] 9,891 11,034
Tax expense or (benefit) (24) (403) (423)
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders 92,490 9,488 10,611
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | Foreign currency translation adjustments      
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]      
Foreign currency translation adjustments (74) (1,627) (1,855)
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders ¥ (74) ¥ (1,627) ¥ (1,855)
[1] The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components are included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.
v3.20.1
Short-term borrowings and long-term debt (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]  
Short-Term Borrowings
Short-term borrowings are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Unsecured loans:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 2.52%
   
55,186
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.86%
   
     
91,725
 
Repurchase agreement:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.56%
   
432,820
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.93%
   
     
567,194
 
Secured call money:
   
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.18%
   
130,612
     
 
with a weighted-average interest rate of 0.13%
   
     
151,257
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
618,618
     
810,176
 
                 
 
 
 
 
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt is comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Unsecured loans, representing obligations principally to banks:
   
     
 
Due 2019 to 2024, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 7.89 % per annum
   
57,321
     
 
Due 2020 to 2029, with interest rates ranging from 0.01 % to 5.10 % per annum
   
     
17,880
 
Unsecured 0.05% bonds, due 2019
   
69,964
     
 
Unsecured 2.07% bonds, due 2019
   
50,000
     
 
Unsecured 0.23% bonds, due 2021
   
89,819
     
89,894
 
Unsecured 0.11% bonds, due 2022
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 1.41% bonds, due 2022
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.28% bonds, due 2023
   
15,000
     
15,000
 
Unsecured 0.13% bonds, due 2024
   
     
29,886
 
Unsecured 0.22% bonds, due 2025
   
10,000
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.42% bonds, due 2026
   
24,911
     
24,923
 
Unsecured 0.18% bonds, due 2026
   
     
10,000
 
Unsecured 0.30% bonds, due 2029
   
     
59,738
 
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022:
   
 
     
 
Conversion price 5,008.0 yen per common share
 
 
 
119,961
 
 
 
 
Conversion price 4,996.0 yen per common share
   
     
119,531
 
Secured 0.00% loans, due 2020 to 2023
   
200,003
     
201,205
 
Finance lease liabilities and
other*:
   
     
 
Due 2019 to 2048, with interest rates ranging from 0.36% to 9.14% per annum
   
72,991
     
 
Due 2020 to 2050, with interest rates ranging from 0.01% to 12.59% per annum
   
     
56,350
 
Guarantee deposits received
   
10,863
     
10,366
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
740,833
     
664,773
 
Less — Portion due within one year
   
172,461
     
29,807
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
568,372
     
634,966
 
                 
 
 
 
 
*
Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations and other as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
 
 
 
 
Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Long-Term Debt
Aggregate amounts of annual maturities of long-term debt are as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
29,807
 
2022
   
159,102
 
2023
   
229,617
 
2024
   
81,041
 
2025
   
43,923
 
Later fiscal years
   
121,283
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
664,773
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Total Defined Contribution Expenses) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Japan      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined contribution expenses ¥ 6,925 ¥ 3,353 ¥ 3,237
Foreign plans      
Defined Contribution Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Defined contribution expenses ¥ 10,313 ¥ 11,602 ¥ 11,379
v3.20.1
Film Costs - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ in Billions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Film Costs [Abstract]  
Unamortized film costs of released motion picture and television productions 92.00%
Completed film costs expected to be amortized during the next twelve months ¥ 217
Accrued participation liabilities expected to be paid in next twelve months ¥ 163
v3.20.1
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]      
Net income ¥ 622,260 ¥ 966,550 ¥ 547,279
Other comprehensive income, net of tax -      
Unrealized gains on securities 40,390 33,285 1,070
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments 1,267 1,223 (1,184)
Pension liability adjustment 74,971 (13,960) 12,390
Foreign currency translation adjustments (75,888) 8,444 (6,335)
Debt valuation adjustments 3,032    
Total comprehensive income 666,032 995,542 553,220
Less - Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests 54,151 57,669 60,403
Comprehensive income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders ¥ 611,881 ¥ 937,873 ¥ 492,817
v3.20.1
Housing Loans and Deposits from Customers in the Banking Business - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Housing Loans And Deposits From Customers [Abstract]    
Housing loans in the banking business, Carrying amount ¥ 1,927,054 ¥ 1,685,504
Allowance for credit losses of housing loans in the banking business 780 829
Balance of time deposits issued in amounts of 10 million yen or more ¥ 306,449 ¥ 292,968
v3.20.1
Cover Page
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
shares
Document Information [Line Items]  
Document Type 20-F
Amendment Flag false
Document Period End Date Mar. 31, 2020
Document Fiscal Year Focus 2020
Document Fiscal Period Focus FY
Entity Registrant Name SONY CORP
Entity Central Index Key 0000313838
Current Fiscal Year End Date --03-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer Yes
Entity Filer Category Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Emerging Growth Company false
Entity Shell Company false
Document Transition Report false
Document Annual Report true
Document Shell Company Report false
Entity Current Reporting Status Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers No
Document Registration Statement false
Entity Interactive Data Current Yes
Entity File Number 1-6439
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code M0
Entity Address, Address Line One 7-1, KONAN 1-CHOME
Entity Address, City or Town MINATO-KU
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 108-0075
Entity Address, Country JP
Document Accounting Standard U.S. GAAP
Business Contact [Member]  
Document Information [Line Items]  
Contact Personnel Name J. Justin Hill, Senior Vice President, Finance & Investor Relations
Entity Address, Address Line One 25 Madison Avenue, 26th Floor
Entity Address, City or Town New York
Entity Address, State or Province NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code 10010-8601
Local Phone Number 833-6722
City Area Code 212
American depositary shares  
Document Information [Line Items]  
Trading Symbol SNE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding 114,612,168
Security Exchange Name NYSE
Title of 12(b) Security American Depositary Shares
Common stock  
Document Information [Line Items]  
Trading Symbol SNE
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding 1,220,159,940
Security Exchange Name NYSE
Title of 12(b) Security Common Stock
v3.20.1
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Jul. 21, 2015
JPY (¥)
TradingDay
¥ / shares
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
¥ / shares
Jun. 10, 2020
¥ / shares
Oct. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
¥ / shares
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Short-term borrowings   ¥ 810,176     ¥ 618,618
Long-term debt including current portion   664,773     740,833
Aggregate principal amount newly issued for repayment of borrowings and debt       ¥ 100,000  
Securities Pledged As Collaterals          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Marketable securities and securities investments pledged as collateral, book value   52,942      
Pledged housing loans, book value   378,241      
Long-term secured loan   200,000      
Committed Lines of Credit          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity   ¥ 518,147      
Line of credit facility, period up to which company can borrow   180 days      
Commercial Paper Programs          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Line of credit facility, remaining borrowing capacity   ¥ 1,044,150      
Line of credit facility, period up to which company can borrow   270 days      
Cash settlements, variation margins of futures markets and certain other purposes          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Marketable securities and securities investments pledged as collateral, book value   ¥ 12,445      
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate of 0.01%          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Securities investments pledged as collateral, book value   474,644      
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate of 0.01% | Securities Pledged As Collaterals          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Short-term borrowings   567,194      
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.08% | Securities Pledged As Collaterals          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Short-term borrowings   151,257      
Marketable securities and securities investments pledged as collateral, book value   42,576      
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Long-term debt including current portion ¥ 120,000 ¥ 119,531     ¥ 119,961
Debt instrument interest rate 130.00%        
Stock acquisition rights, start date Sep. 01, 2015        
Stock acquisition rights, end date Sep. 28, 2022        
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares   ¥ 4,996.0     ¥ 5,008.0
Amount in excess of dividends for which conversion price is adjusted | ¥ / shares ¥ 25        
Debt instrument outstanding percentage 100.00%        
Debt instrument redeemable date Jul. 21, 2020        
Debt instrument conversion price percentage on consecutive trading days 130.00%        
Debt instrument, convertible, consecutive trading days | TradingDay 20        
Basis for conversion bonds outstanding   if the closing sales price per share of Sony’s common stock on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is 130% or more of the conversion price of the Zero Coupon Convertible Bonds for 20 consecutive trading days      
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Minimum          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares ¥ 3,526.5        
Amount in excess of dividends for which conversion price is adjusted | ¥ / shares   ¥ 25      
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Maximum          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares ¥ 5,008.0        
Amount in excess of dividends for which conversion price is adjusted | ¥ / shares   ¥ 45      
Unsecured zero coupon convertible bonds, due 2022 | Subsequent event          
Debt Instrument [Line Items]          
Conversion price per common share | ¥ / shares     ¥ 4,982.5    
v3.20.1
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Summary of Effects of Offsetting Derivative Assets, Derivative Liabilities, Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities) (Detail) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Offsetting Asset and Liabilities [Line Items]    
Gross amounts presented in consolidated balance sheet, Derivative asset ¥ 42,383 ¥ 10,486
Financial instruments, Derivative asset 12,614 3,442
Cash collateral, Derivative asset 20,545 136
Net amounts, Derivative asset 9,224 6,908
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Derivative liability 35,866 32,822
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements 567,194 432,820
Financial instruments, Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements 564,874 432,820
Net amounts, Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements 2,320  
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Total liabilities 603,060 465,642
Financial instruments, Total liabilities 571,960 436,790
Cash collateral, Total liabilities 23,873 20,191
Net amounts, Total liabilities 7,227 8,661
Subject to master netting arrangement    
Offsetting Asset and Liabilities [Line Items]    
Gross amounts presented in consolidated balance sheet, Derivative asset 38,281 6,855
Financial instruments, Derivative asset 12,614 3,442
Cash collateral, Derivative asset 20,545 136
Net amounts, Derivative asset 5,122 3,277
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Derivative liability 31,896 25,872
Financial instruments, Derivative liability 7,086 3,970
Cash collateral, Derivative liability 23,873 20,191
Net amounts, Derivative liability 937 1,711
Not subject to master netting arrangement    
Offsetting Asset and Liabilities [Line Items]    
Gross amounts presented in consolidated balance sheet, Derivative asset 4,102 3,631
Net amounts, Derivative asset 4,102 3,631
Gross amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheet, Derivative liability 3,970 6,950
Net amounts, Derivative liability ¥ 3,970 ¥ 6,950
v3.20.1
Business segment information (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Components of Segment Sales and Operating Revenue
Segment sales and operating revenue:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,848,298
     
2,224,622
     
1,919,760
 
Intersegment
   
95,514
     
86,250
     
57,791
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,943,812
     
2,310,872
     
1,977,551
 
Music —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
784,792
     
795,025
     
838,592
 
Intersegment
   
15,203
     
12,464
     
11,317
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
799,995
     
807,489
     
849,909
 
Pictures —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,010,173
     
985,270
     
1,010,714
 
Intersegment
   
894
     
1,603
     
1,140
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,011,067
     
986,873
     
1,011,854
 
Electronics Products & Solutions —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
2,582,813
     
2,303,167
     
1,969,880
 
Intersegment
   
17,542
     
17,461
     
21,388
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,600,355
     
2,320,628
     
1,991,268
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
726,892
     
770,622
     
985,259
 
Intersegment
   
123,118
     
108,708
     
85,317
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
850,010
     
879,330
     
1,070,576
 
Financial Services —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
1,221,235
     
1,274,708
     
1,299,847
 
Intersegment
   
7,142
     
7,831
     
7,901
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,228,377
     
1,282,539
     
1,307,748
 
All Other —
   
     
     
 
Customers
   
351,527
     
299,806
     
214,999
 
Intersegment
   
55,647
     
45,931
     
36,421
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
407,174
     
345,737
     
251,420
 
Corporate and elimination
   
(296,808
)    
(267,781
)    
(200,441
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
Components of Segment Profit or Loss
Segment profit or loss:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Operating income (loss):
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
177,478
     
311,092
     
238,400
 
Music
   
127,786
     
232,487
     
142,345
 
Pictures
   
41,110
     
54,599
     
68,157
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
133,129
     
76,508
     
87,276
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
164,023
     
143,874
     
235,584
 
Financial Services
   
178,947
     
161,477
     
129,597
 
All Other
   
(23,530
)    
(11,127
)    
16,288
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
798,943
     
968,910
     
917,647
 
Corporate and elimination
   
(64,083
)    
(74,675
)    
(72,188
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated operating income
   
734,860
     
894,235
     
845,459
 
Other income
   
23,728
     
144,735
     
21,949
 
Other expenses
   
(59,539
)    
(27,322
)    
(67,958
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated income before income taxes
   
699,049
     
1,011,648
     
799,450
 
                         
 
 
 
Components of Other Significant Items
Other significant items:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
 
Music
   
4,483
     
(6,915
)    
4,239
 
Pictures
   
(129
)    
106
     
(629
)
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
(102
)    
(38
)    
136
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
0
 
Financial Services
   
(61
)    
(682
)    
(104
)
All Other
   
4,378
     
4,530
     
5,995
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,569
     
(2,999
)    
9,637
 
                         
Depreciation and amortization:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
29,091
     
29,023
     
29,135
 
Music
   
18,230
     
21,259
     
29,137
 
Pictures
   
24,458
     
24,081
     
21,665
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
64,279
     
61,749
     
63,291
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
99,258
     
110,746
     
134,035
 
Financial Services, including deferred insurance acquisition costs
   
79,843
     
91,179
     
106,667
 
All Other
   
5,910
     
4,940
     
5,095
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
321,069
     
342,977
     
389,025
 
Corporate
   
40,375
     
31,049
     
27,617
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
361,444
     
374,026
     
416,642
 
                         
 
 
 
Sales and Operating Revenue to External Customers by Product Category
The following table is a breakdown of sales and operating revenue to external customers by product category for each segment. Sony management views each segment as a single operating segment.
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
 
Digital Software and
Add-on
Content
   
762,220
     
1,102,231
     
1,010,296
 
Network Services
   
270,972
     
326,524
     
337,265
 
Hardware and Others
   
815,106
     
795,867
     
572,199
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,848,298
     
2,224,622
     
1,919,760
 
Music
   
     
     
 
Recorded Music — Streaming
   
197,439
     
227,513
     
276,039
 
Recorded Music — Others
   
249,521
     
199,413
     
191,114
 
Music Publishing
   
74,360
     
106,666
     
157,478
 
Visual Media and Platform
   
263,472
     
261,433
     
213,961
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
784,792
     
795,025
     
838,592
 
Pictures
   
     
     
 
Motion Pictures
   
448,945
     
436,017
     
475,061
 
Television Productions
   
289,024
     
288,816
     
301,224
 
Media Networks
   
272,204
     
260,437
     
234,429
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,010,173
     
985,270
     
1,010,714
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
     
     
 
Televisions
   
861,763
     
788,423
     
646,513
 
Audio and Video
   
357,194
     
362,580
     
346,060
 
Still and Video Cameras
   
415,318
     
421,506
     
384,142
 
Mobile Communications
   
713,916
     
487,330
     
362,144
 
Other
   
234,622
     
243,328
     
231,021
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
2,582,813
     
2,303,167
     
1,969,880
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
726,892
     
770,622
     
985,259
 
Financial Services
   
1,221,235
     
1,274,708
     
1,299,847
 
All Other
   
351,527
     
299,806
     
214,999
 
Corporate
   
18,252
     
12,467
     
20,834
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Consolidated total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales and Operating Revenue Attributed to Countries and Areas Based on Location of External Customers and Long-Lived Assets
Sales and operating revenue attributed to countries and areas based on location of external customers for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 and property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales and operating revenue:
   
     
     
 
Japan
   
2,625,619
     
2,591,784
     
2,472,479
 
United States
   
1,835,705
     
1,982,135
     
1,864,390
 
Europe
   
1,841,457
     
1,862,166
     
1,697,791
 
China
   
674,718
     
770,416
     
845,235
 
Asia-Pacific
   
1,024,179
     
912,193
     
892,026
 
Other Areas
   
542,304
     
546,993
     
487,964
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
8,543,982
     
8,665,687
     
8,259,885
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Property, plant and equipment, net and right-of-use assets*:
   
     
 
Japan
   
590,694
     
946,922
 
United States
   
113,581
     
214,226
 
Europe
   
22,622
     
67,799
 
China
   
11,694
     
17,996
 
Asia-Pacific
   
34,273
     
46,932
 
Other Areas
   
4,189
     
7,379
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
777,053
     
1,301,254
 
                 
 
 
 
 
*
As of March 31, 2020, the amounts include operating lease right-of-use assets, which were recognized from April 1, 2019 onward as a result of the adoption of ASU 2016-02.
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2019
JPY (¥)
Mar. 31, 2018
JPY (¥)
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Transfers into level 1 ¥ 4,395 ¥ 1,769  
Transfers out of level 1 ¥ 3,216 2,508  
Minimum | Measurement Input, Mortality Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Minimum guaranteed benefits variable annuity 0.004%    
Minimum | Measurement Input, Lapse Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Minimum guaranteed benefits variable annuity 1.00%    
Minimum | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Minimum guaranteed benefits variable annuity (0.061%)    
Maximum | Measurement Input, Mortality Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Maximum guaranteed benefits variable annuity 44.865%    
Maximum | Measurement Input, Lapse Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Maximum guaranteed benefits variable annuity 7.50%    
Maximum | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Maximum guaranteed benefits variable annuity 1.433%    
Electronics Products & Solutions | Smartphone Business Asset Group      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Impairment of long-lived assets ¥ 12,714 ¥ 19,172 ¥ 31,341
Electronics Products & Solutions | Smartphone Business Asset Group | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Fair value measurements 10.6 8.5 8.5
Electronics Products & Solutions | Smartphone Business Asset Group | Minimum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Fair value measurements (10) (26) (8)
Electronics Products & Solutions | Smartphone Business Asset Group | Maximum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Fair value measurements 70 24 6
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Impairment of long-lived assets   ¥ 12,858  
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Discount Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Fair value measurements   8.9  
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group | Minimum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Fair value measurements   (34)  
All Other | Storage Media Business Asset Group | Maximum | Level 3 | Measurement Input, Long-term Revenue Growth Rate [Member]      
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]      
Fair value measurements   21  
v3.20.1
Nature of operations
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Nature of operations
1
.
Nature of operations
 
 
 
 
Sony Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Sony”) are engaged in the development, design, production, manufacture, offer and sale of various kinds of electronic equipment, instruments and devices for consumer, professional and industrial markets such as network services, game hardware and software, televisions, audio and video recorders and players, still and video cameras, smartphones, and image sensors. Sony’s primary manufacturing facilities are located in Asia including Japan. Sony also utilizes third-party contract manufacturers for certain products. Sony’s products and services are marketed throughout the world by sales subsidiaries and unaffiliated distributors as well as direct sales and offers via the internet. Sony is engaged in the development, production, manufacture, and distribution of recorded music and the management and licensing of the words and music of songs as well as production and distribution of animation titles, including game applications based on the animation titles. Sony is also engaged in the production, acquisition and distribution of motion pictures and television programming and the operation of television and digital networks. Further, Sony is also engaged in various financial services businesses, including life and
non-life
insurance operations through its Japanese insurance subsidiaries and banking operations through a Japanese internet-based banking subsidiary.
v3.20.1
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Estimated Fair Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets ¥ 42,383 ¥ 10,486
Derivative liabilities 35,866 32,822
Designated as hedging instrument    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 1,835 242
Derivative liabilities 8,360 8,457
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Current liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 183 141
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 8,177 8,274
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 9 10
Designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Other assets: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 27 101
Designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Current liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities   42
Designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 1,799 131
Not designated as hedging instrument    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 40,548 10,244
Derivative liabilities 27,506 24,365
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Current liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 200 344
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 9,120 3,637
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 44 39
Not designated as hedging instrument | Interest rate contracts | Other assets: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 1,523 882
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Current liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 14,580 11,549
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 1,755 1,059
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 19,655 8,807
Not designated as hedging instrument | Foreign exchange contracts | Other assets: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 49 72
Not designated as hedging instrument | Equity Contracts | Current liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 1,476 7,776
Not designated as hedging instrument | Equity Contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 18,886 ¥ 444
Not designated as hedging instrument | Bond contracts | Current liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 290  
Not designated as hedging instrument | Bond contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets 306  
Not designated as hedging instrument | Commodity contracts | Current liabilities: Other    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative liabilities 85  
Not designated as hedging instrument | Commodity contracts | Prepaid expenses and other current assets    
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]    
Derivative assets ¥ 85  
v3.20.1
Subsequent Events - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions
May 20, 2020
May 19, 2020
Mar. 31, 2020
Jan. 29, 2020
Dec. 31, 2019
Dec. 19, 2019
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                
Equity method investment, ownership       50.00% 44.50% 56.30%    
Minimum                
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                
Equity method investment, ownership     20.00%       20.00% 20.00%
Subsequent event | Sony Financial Holdings Inc.                
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                
Equity method investment, ownership shares held   283,050,000            
Equity method investment, ownership   65.00%            
Subsequent event | Sony Financial Holdings Inc. | Tender Offer                
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                
Approximate purchase price to be paid ¥ 395,538              
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction 152,130,036              
Subsequent event | Sony Financial Holdings Inc. | Tender Offer | Common stock                
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                
Sale of stock, price per share ¥ 2,600              
Subsequent event | Sony Financial Holdings Inc. | Tender Offer | Rights                
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                
Sale of stock, price per share ¥ 259,900              
Subsequent event | Minimum | Sony Financial Holdings Inc. | Tender Offer                
Subsequent Event [Line Items]                
Sale of stock, number of shares issued in transaction 7,070,000              
v3.20.1
Business Segment Information - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) ¥ 845,459 ¥ 894,235 ¥ 734,860
Electronics Products & Solutions | Mobile Communications      
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]      
Operating income (loss) ¥ (21,057) ¥ (97,136) ¥ (27,636)
v3.20.1
Supplemental consolidated statements of income information
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Other Income and Expenses [Abstract]  
Supplemental consolidated statements of income information
21.
Supplemental consolidated statements of income information
 
 
 
 
(1)
Other operating (income) expense, net
 
 
 
 
Sony records transactions in other operating (income)
expense, net due to either the nature of the transaction or in consideration of factors including the relationship to Sony’s core operations.
Other operating (income)
expense, net is comprised of the following:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Gain on sale of Sony City Osaki
*1
   
(4,914
)    
     
 
Gain on remeasurement of EMI shares
*2
   
     
(116,939
)    
 
Gain on remeasurement and sale of SRE shares
*3
 
   
     
     
(17,266
)
Gain on remeasurement of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. shares
*4
   
     
     
(1,827
)
(Gain) loss on purchase/sale of interests in subsidiaries and affiliates, net
*5
   
(29,613
)    
(1,557
)    
(12,801
)
(Gain) loss on sale, disposal or impairment of assets, net
*6
   
38,599
     
46,928
     
29,778
 
Other
   
     
     
(1,495
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
4,072
     
(71,568
)    
(3,611
)
                         
 
 
 
 
*1 A portion of gain on sale and leaseback transactions is deferred and is amortized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
 
 
 
 
*2 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.
 
 
 
 
*3 Refer to Note 5.
 
 
 
 
*4 Refer to Notes 5 and 25.
 
 
 
 
*5 Refer to Notes 25 and 26.
 
 
 
 
*6 Refer to Notes 9, 13, 20 and 26.
 
 
 
 
(2)
Research and development costs
 
 
 
 
Research and development costs charged to cost of sales for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 458,518 million yen, 481,202 million yen and 499,290 million yen, respectively.
(3)
Advertising costs
 
 
 
 
Advertising costs included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 407,106 million yen, 385,500 million yen and 359,458 million yen, respectively.
(4)
Shipping and handling costs
 
 
 
 
Shipping and handling costs for finished goods included in selling, general and administrative expenses for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 46,252 million yen, 51,757 million yen and 46,196 million yen, respectively, which included the internal transportation costs of finished goods.
v3.20.1
Income Taxes - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended 20 Months Ended 27 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Dec. 31, 2017
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Statutory tax rate   31.50% 31.50% 31.50%    
Minimum base erosion anti abuse tax   10.00% 6.25%      
Beat threshold percentage     3.00%      
Net increase (decrease) in total valuation allowance ¥ 154,201 ¥ 114,871 ¥ 176,721 ¥ 152,129    
Valuation allowance   608,243 723,114     ¥ 608,243
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not expected to be remitted, for which deferred income taxes have not been provided   1,019,525       1,019,525
Deferred tax liabilities not accounted for undistributed earnings   16,312       16,312
Gain on sale of subsidiary stock   61,544        
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes   348,714 413,494     348,714
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes with no expiration period   96,890       96,890
Tax credit carryforwards   94,900 117,471     94,900
Tax credit carryforwards with no expiration period   15,059       15,059
Interest expense recorded   1,276 1,479 1,053    
Penalties recorded   117 218 876    
Liabilities recorded for the payments of interest   8,033 9,309 10,788   8,033
Liabilities recorded for the payments of penalties   4,971 ¥ 4,855 ¥ 4,637   4,971
Maximum unrecognized tax benefits expected reduction within the next 12 months   1,791       1,791
National Taxes            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Valuation allowance   274,761       274,761
Local Taxes            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Valuation allowance   ¥ 125,465       ¥ 125,465
U.S. [Member]            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Statutory tax rate   21.00% 21.00%   35.00% 21.00%
Earliest Tax Year            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Total net operating loss carryforwards expiration date   Mar. 31, 2021        
Tax credit carryforwards expiration date   Mar. 31, 2021        
Earliest Tax Year | Domestic country            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Tax years subject to examinations   2010        
Earliest Tax Year | Foreign country            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Tax years subject to examinations   2006        
Earliest Tax Year | Us Tax Authority [Member]            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Tax years subject to examinations   2016        
Latest Tax Year            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Total net operating loss carryforwards expiration date   Mar. 31, 2024        
Tax credit carryforwards expiration date   Mar. 31, 2030        
Latest Tax Year | Domestic country            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Tax years subject to examinations   2019        
Latest Tax Year | Foreign country            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Tax years subject to examinations   2019        
Latest Tax Year | Us Tax Authority [Member]            
Income Taxes [Line Items]            
Tax years subject to examinations   2019        
v3.20.1
Reconciliation of the Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS - Additional Information (Detail) - shares
shares in Thousands
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Potential shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock acquisition rights and convertible bonds excluded from the computation of diluted EPS 3,212 5,731 2,921
v3.20.1
Stock-based compensation plans
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-based compensation plans
17.
Stock-based compensation plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The stock-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 5,249 million yen, 5,499 million yen and 5,958 million yen, respectively.
Sony has a stock-based compensation incentive plan for selected directors, corporate executive officers and employees in the form of a stock acquisition rights plan. The stock acquisition rights generally have three year graded vesting schedules and are exercisable up to ten years from the date of grant.
The total cash received from exercises under all of the stock acquisition rights plans during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 7,129 million yen, 12,757 million yen and 7,560 million yen, respectively. Sony issued new shares of common stock upon exercise of these rights.
The weighted-average fair value per share at the date of grant of stock acquisition rights granted during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 2,045 yen, 1,593 yen and 1,864 yen, respectively. The fair value of stock acquisition rights granted on the date of grant and used to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
        2018        
 
 
        2019        
 
 
        2020        
 
Weighted-average assumptions
   
     
     
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
1.14
%    
1.37
%    
0.70
%
Expected lives
   
6.55
 years    
5.98
 years    
5.73
 years
Expected volatility
*
   
38.49
%    
32.52
%    
29.30
%
Expected dividends
   
0.40
%    
0.35
%    
0.32
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the activities regarding the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:
                                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Number of
shares
 
 
Weighted-
average
exercise price
 
 
Weighted-
average
remaining life
 
 
Total
intrinsic
value
 
 
 
 
Yen
 
 
Years
 
 
Yen in millions
 
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year
   
12,213,900
     
3,665
     
     
 
Granted
   
3,279,700
     
6,669
     
     
 
Exercised
   
2,294,900
     
3,294
     
     
 
Forfeited or expired
   
322,000
     
5,500
     
     
 
                                 
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year
   
12,876,700
     
4,982
     
7.52
     
19,459
 
                                 
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year
   
6,235,700
     
3,581
     
6.43
     
15,552
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The total intrinsic value of shares exercised under the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 6,970 million yen, 13,325 million yen and 7,575 million yen, respectively.
As of March 31, 2020, there was 5,912
 million yen
 
of total unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested stock acquisition rights. This expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.97
years.
v3.20.1
Fair value measurements
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair value measurements
13.
Fair value measurements
 
 
 
 
 
As discussed in Note 2, assets and liabilities subject to the accounting guidance for fair value measurements held by Sony are classified and accounted for as described below.
(1)
Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
 
 
 
 
The following section describes the valuation techniques used by Sony to measure different financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified.
Debt securities, equity securities, and other investments
Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 1 securities include exchange-traded equities. If quoted market prices are not available for the specific security or the market is inactive, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows and mainly classified in level 2 of the hierarchy. Level 2 securities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 securities primarily include certain securitized products, certain hybrid financial instruments, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds not classified within level 1 or level 2.
Derivatives
Exchange-traded derivatives valued using quoted prices are classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. However, few classes of derivative contracts are listed on an exchange; thus, the majority of Sony’s derivative positions are valued using internally developed models that use as their basis readily observable market parameters — i.e., parameters that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources, including industry pricing services. Depending on the types and contractual terms of derivatives, fair value can be modeled using a series of techniques, such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which are consistently applied. Where derivative products have been established for some time, Sony uses models that are widely accepted in the financial services industry. These models reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and market-based parameters such as interest rates, volatility, and the credit rating of the counterparty. Further, many of these models do not contain a high level of subjectivity as the techniques used in the models do not require significant judgment, and inputs to the model are readily observable from actively quoted markets. Such instruments are generally classified within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
In determining the fair value of Sony’s interest rate swap derivatives, Sony uses the present value of expected cash flows based on market observable interest rate yield curves commensurate with the term of each instrument. For foreign currency derivatives, Sony’s approach is to use forward contract and option valuation models employing market observable inputs, such as spot currency rates, time value and option volatilities. These derivatives are classified within level 2 since Sony primarily uses observable inputs in its valuation of its derivative assets and liabilities.
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
In determining the fair value of future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business to which Sony applies the fair value option, Sony uses the present value of future expected cash flows based on mortality rates, lapse rates, discount rates, investment yield and various actuarial assumptions. These are classified within level 3 since Sony primarily uses unobservable inputs in its valuation.
In determining the fair value of liability for the minimum guarantee benefits of variable annuities, Sony uses mortality rates (0.004%~44.865%), lapse rates (1.000
%
~7.500%), and discount rates (-0.061%~1.433%) as significant unobservable inputs. The fair value of the minimum guarante
e
 
accumulation benefits, which is the primary minimum guarantee risk, generally declines with higher mortality rates, higher lapse rates, or higher discount rates.
The fair value of Sony’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows.
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
   
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Other
current
assets
 
 
Other
noncurrent
assets
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Debt securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Trading securities
   
22,105
     
212,012
     
     
234,117
     
234,117
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
1,643,589
     
     
1,643,589
     
18,719
     
1,624,870
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
67,497
     
     
67,497
     
7,768
     
59,729
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
219,388
     
     
219,388
     
11,472
     
207,916
     
     
 
Foreign government bonds
*1
   
     
161,495
     
     
161,495
     
3,984
     
157,511
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
   
     
338,163
     
22,704
     
360,867
     
90,801
     
270,066
     
     
 
Securitized products
*3
   
     
25,029
     
165,083
     
190,112
     
     
190,112
     
     
 
Other
   
     
4,688
     
     
4,688
     
     
4,688
     
     
 
Equity securities
   
1,037,100
     
135,794
     
     
1,172,894
     
951,390
     
221,504
     
     
 
Other investments
*4
   
5,489
     
1,507
     
6,918
     
13,914
     
     
13,914
     
     
 
Derivative assets
*5
   
444
     
10,042
     
     
10,486
     
     
     
9,431
     
1,055
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
1,065,138
     
2,819,204
     
194,705
     
4,079,047
     
1,318,251
     
2,750,310
     
9,431
     
1,055
 
                                                                 
             
 
   
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Future insurance policy benefits
 
 
Policyholders’ account
 
 


Other current liabilities
 
 
Other noncurrent liabilitie
s
 
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Derivative liabilities
*5
   
136
     
32,686
     
     
32,822
     
     
     
19,852
     
12,970
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
136
     
32,686
     
     
32,822
     
     
     
19,852
     
12,970
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Other
current
assets
 
 
Other
noncurrent
assets
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Debt securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Trading securities
   
24,330
     
245,790
     
     
270,120
     
270,120
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
1,761,929
     
     
1,761,929
     
10,011
     
1,751,918
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
69,172
     
     
69,172
     
15,334
     
53,838
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
220,679
     
30
     
220,709
     
14,774
     
205,935
     
     
 
Foreign government bonds
*1
   
     
279,777
     
     
279,777
     
2,690
     
277,087
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
   
     
343,980
     
15,770
     
359,750
     
94,156
     
265,594
     
     
 
Securitized products
*3
   
     
33,383
     
171,840
     
205,223
     
     
205,223
     
     
 
Other
   
     
4,152
     
12,101
     
16,253
     
     
16,253
     
     
 
Equity securities
   
950,744
     
581,642
     
     
1,532,386
     
1,434,612
     
97,774
     
     
 
Other investments
*4
   
7,162
     
816
     
9,242
     
17,220
     
     
17,220
     
     
 
Derivative assets
*5
   
1,310
     
41,073
     
     
42,383
     
     
     
40,784
     
1,599
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
 
 
 
983,546
     
3,582,393
     
208,983
     
4,774,922
     
1,841,697
     
2,890,842
     
40,784
     
1,599
 
                                                                 
                               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Future
insurance
policy
benefits
 
 
Policyholders’
account
 
 
Other
current
liabilities
 
 
Other
noncurrent
liabilities
 
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
*6
   
     
     
532,191
     
532,191
     
64,045
     
468,146
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
*5
   
2,077
     
33,789
     
     
35,866
     
     
     
16,814
     
19,052
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
2,077
     
33,789
     
532,191
     
568,057
     
64,045
     
468,146
     
16,814
     
19,052
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
*1 4,910 million yen and 7,771 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020
.
In the consolidated balance sheets, 2,386 million yen are included as marketable securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 4,910 million yen and 5,385 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
*2 173,964 million yen and 188,426 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 33,391 million yen and 34,502 million yen are included as marketable securities and 140,573 million yen and 153,924 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
*3 185,195 million yen and 193,430 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.
 
 
 
 
*4 Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.
 
 
 
 
*5 Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*6
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business are those for which the fair value option has been elected.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
Net gains of 85 million yen and net loss of 12,408 million yen arising from
assets and liabilities
for which the fair value option has been elected are included in financial services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfers into level 1 were 1,769 million yen and 4,395 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities and equity securities became available in an active market. Transfers out of level 1 were 2,508 million yen and 3,216 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, as quoted prices for certain trading debt securities were not available in an active market.
The changes in fair value of level 3 assets and liabilities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
 
Debt securities
 
 
 
 
Future
insurance
policy benefits
and
Policyholders’
account
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Japanese
corporate
bonds
 
 
Foreign
corporate
bonds
 
 
Securitized
products
 
 
Other
 
 
Other
investments
 
Beginning balance
   
     
27,878
     
83,614
 
 
 
 —
 
   
9,104
     
 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
465
     
562
 
 
 
 —
 
   
276
     
 
Included in other comprehensive income
 
(loss)
*2
   
     
131
     
1
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Purchases and Issuances
   
     
5,787
     
94,696
 
 
 
 —
 
   
4
     
 
Sales
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
(6
)    
 
Settlements
   
     
(10,435
)    
(13,601
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(2,460
)    
 
Transfers into level 3
*3
   
     
20,863
     
5,284
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
Transfers out of level 3
*4
   
     
(21,985
)    
(5,473
)
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
 
 
 
 
 
22,704
 
 
 
165,083
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,918
 
 
 
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses)
 
relating
 
to
 
instruments
still held at
 
reporting date:
   
     
     
 
 
 
           
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
219
     
510
 
 
 
 
 
   
441
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
       
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
 
Debt securities
 
 
 
 
Future
insurance
policy benefits
and
Policyholder
s

account
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Japanese
corporate
bonds
 
 
Foreign
corporate
bonds
 
 
Securitized
products
 
 
Other
 
 
Other
investments
 
Beginning balance
   
     
22,704
     
165,083
 
 
 
 —
 
   
6,918
     
 
Acquisition of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co.,
 
Ltd. and
SA Reinsurance Ltd.
*5
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
547,190
 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
311
     
(18,151
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(500
)    
12,500
 
Included
 
in
 
other
 
comprehensive
 
income
 
(loss)
*2
   
     
(73
)
   
1
     
 —
     
     
3,032
 
Purchases and Issuances
   
30
     
13,597
     
40,175
 
 
 
12,101
 
   
4,711
     
5,295
 
Sales
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
(9
)    
 
Settlements
   
     
(20,867
)    
(12,967
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(1,878
)    
(4,762
)
Transfers into level 3
*3
   
     
3,374
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
Transfers out of level 3
*4
   
     
(3,276
)    
(2,301
)
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Ending balance
 
 
30
 
 
 
15,770
 
 
 
171,840
 
 
 
12,101
 
 
 
9,242
 
 
 
532,191
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
(94
)    
(16,507
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(376
)    
10,273
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1
Earning effects are included in financi
a
l services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2
Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net for available-for-sale securities and included in debt valuation adjustments for future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*5
Refer to Note 25
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level 3
assets include certain securitized products, certain private equity investments, and certain domestic and foreign corporate bonds for which quoted prices are not available in a market and where there is less transparency around inputs. In determining the fair value of such assets, Sony uses third-party information such as indicative quotes from dealers without adjustment. Level 3 liabilities include future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business whose underlying figures are unobservable, and whose fair value is calculated in-house. For validating the fair values, Sony primarily uses internal models which include management judgment or estimation of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset.
(2)
Assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
 
 
 
Sony also has assets and liabilities that are required to be remeasured to fair value on a nonrecurring basis when certain circumstances occur. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, such remeasurements to fair value related primarily to the following:
                                 
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Amounts included 
in earnings
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Long-lived assets impairments
   
     
     
4,389
     
(44,135
)
Goodwill impairment
   
     
     
0
     
(5,107
)
                           
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
(49,242
)
                                 
       
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Amounts included
in earnings
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Remeasurement of retained investment in SRE
 
 
 
15,911
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,347
 
Long-lived assets impairments
   
     
     
8,155
     
(36,003
)
                                 
   
     
     
     
(22,656
)
                                 
 
 
 
Long-lived assets impairments
Sony recorded an impairment loss of 31,341 million yen, 19,172 million yen and 12,714 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively, included within the EP&S segment, related to long-lived assets in the smartphone business asset group. For the smartphone business asset group, the corresponding estimated future cash flows leading to the impairment charge reflected smartphone sales results and expectation of continued difficulty in the business environment.
Sony recorded an impairment loss of 12,858 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, included within All Other, related to long-lived assets and goodwill in the storage media business asset group. As a result of conducting a strategic review of the business and evolving market trends, Sony reduced the corresponding estimated future cash flows of this business and the estimated ability to recover the entire carrying amount of the long-lived assets and goodwill within the period applicable to the impairment determination, resulting in an impairment charge for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
These measurements are classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as the condition of the assets or projections of future cash flows, the timing of such cash flows and the discount rate reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, were considered in the fair value measurements. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (8)% to 6% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, a discount rate of 8.5% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (26)% to 24% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, a discount rate of 10.6% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (10)% to 70% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets for the smartphone business. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, a discount rate of 8.9% and projected revenue growth rates ranging from (34)% to 21% were used in the fair value measurements related to the long-lived assets and goodwill for the storage media business.
Except as described above, no other impairment losses were individually material for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. The other impairment losses were primarily related to the impairment losses in asset groups within Media Networks in the Pictures segment related to a review of the channel portfolio.
Remeasurement of previously owned equity interest in EMI
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony remeasured to fair value the previously owned equity interests in EMI in connection with EMI Music Publishing acquisition. The measurement is classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as projections of future cash flows and market comparables of similar transactions and companies were considered in the fair value measurements. Refer to Note 25.
Remeasurement of retained investment in SRE
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony sold part of its shares in SRE and remeasured the remaining shares to fair value. This measurement is classified as level 1 because a quoted price for the shares of SRE is available on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. Refer to Note 5.
Remeasurement of previously owned equity interest in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony remeasured to fair value the previously owned equity interests in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”) in connection with acquisition of the JVs. The measurement is classified as level 3 because significant unobservable inputs, such as projections of future cash flows and market comparables of similar transactions and companies, were considered in the fair value measurements. AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. changed its name to “Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd.,” as of April 1, 2020. Refer to Note 25.
(3)
Financial instruments
The estimated fair values by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value are summarized as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Carrying
amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Total
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Housing loans in the banking business
   
     
1,861,384
     
     
1,861,384
     
1,685,504
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
     
1,861,384
     
     
1,861,384
     
1,685,504
 
                                         
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Long-term debt including the current portion
   
     
737,529
     
     
737,529
     
740,833
 
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
     
877,157
     
     
877,157
     
816,903
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
     
1,614,686
     
     
1,614,686
     
1,557,736
 
                                         
       
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Carrying
amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Total
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Housing loans in the banking business
   
     
2,161,432
     
     
2,161,432
     
1,927,054
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
     
2,161,432
     
     
2,161,432
     
1,927,054
 
                                         
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Long-term debt including the current portion
   
     
699,358
     
     
699,358
     
664,773
 
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
     
969,464
     
     
969,464
     
885,690
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
     
1,668,822
     
     
1,668,822
     
1,550,463
 
                                         
 
 
 
The summary excludes cash and cash equivalents, call loans, time deposits, notes and accounts receivable, trade, call money, short-term borrowings, notes and accounts payable, trade and deposits from customers in the banking business because the carrying values of these financial instruments approximated their fair values due to their short-term nature. The summary also excludes
held-to-maturity
securities disclosed in Note 7.
Cash and cash equivalents, call loans and call money are classified in level 1. Time deposits, short-term borrowings, deposits from customers in the banking business are classified in level 2.
Held-to-maturity
securities, included in marketable securities and securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, primarily include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments, such as the majority of government bonds and corporate bonds and are substantially all classified in level 2. The fair values of housing loans in the banking business, included in securities investments and other in the consolidated balance sheets, were estimated based on the discounted future cash flows using interest rates reflecting London Interbank Offered Rate base yield curves with certain risk premiums. The fair values of long-term debt including the current portion and investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business were estimated based on either the market value or the discounted future cash flows using Sony’s current incremental borrowing rates for similar liabilities.
v3.20.1
Goodwill and other intangible assets
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and other intangible assets
9.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Intangible assets other than goodwill acquired during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 totaled 146,023 million yen, of which 145,596 million yen is subject to amortization, and are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Intangible assets
acquired during the
fiscal year
 
 
Weighted-average

amortization period
 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Years
 
Patent rights,
know-how
and license agreements
   
7,848
     
8
 
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
   
16,609
     
3
 
Internal-use
software
   
93,768
     
4
 
Music catalogs
   
19,837
     
14
 
Other
   
7,534
     
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, additions to
internal-use
software primarily related to the capitalization of new software across several business platforms.
Intangible assets subject to amortization are comprised of the following:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
   
March 31, 2020
 
 
Gross carrying
amount
 
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
 
Gross carrying
amount
 
 
Accumulated
amortization
 
Patent rights,
know-how
and license agreements
   
169,761
     
(145,525
)    
166,076
     
(146,051
)
Customer relationships
   
15,759
     
(11,825
)    
16,104
     
(12,467
)
Trademarks
   
15,768
     
(9,863
)    
11,152
     
(6,114
)
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed
   
125,350
     
(96,322
)    
141,111
     
(110,663
)
Internal-use
software
   
529,022
     
(345,935
)    
594,109
     
(384,236
)
Music catalogs
   
615,206
     
(106,725
)    
612,266
     
(124,787
)
Artist contracts
   
42,575
     
(29,108
)    
41,764
     
(29,017
)
Television carriage contracts (broadcasting agreements)
   
74,605
     
(28,685
)    
53,266
     
(21,645
)
Other
   
61,675
     
(49,288
)    
64,456
     
(51,317
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
1,649,721
     
(823,276
)    
1,700,304
     
(886,297
)
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
The aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was 123,450 million yen, 109,452 million yen and 110,819 million yen, respectively. The estimated aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
97,978
 
2022
   
82,057
 
2023
   
66,079
 
2024
   
50,098
 
2025
   
38,658
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life
is
 comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Trademarks
   
69,447
     
69,975
 
Distribution agreements
   
18,834
     
18,834
 
Other
   
3,240
     
3,494
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
91,521
     
92,303
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                                                 
 
G&NS
 
 
Music
 
 
Pictures
 
 
EP&S
 
 
I&SS
 
 
Financial
Services
 
 
All
Other
 
 
Total
 
Balance, March 31, 2018:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
150,606
     
165,700
     
246,620
     
194,468
     
45,793
     
7,931
     
27,912
     
839,030
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(102,208
)    
(181,665
)    
     
(706
)    
(23,653
)    
(308,538
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
150,606
     
165,394
     
144,412
     
12,803
     
45,793
     
7,225
     
4,259
     
530,492
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) due to:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Acquisitions
*
   
2,261
     
240,396
     
387
     
     
     
     
     
243,044
 
Sales and dispositions
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Impairments
   
     
     
     
(776
)    
     
     
(4,331
)    
(5,107
)
Translation adjustments
   
1,088
     
(2,420
)    
3,673
     
(73
)    
771
     
     
72
     
3,111
 
Other
   
     
     
(2,988
)    
     
     
     
     
(2,988
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2019:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
153,955
     
403,676
     
252,262
     
194,416
     
46,564
     
7,931
     
28,570
     
1,087,374
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(106,778
)    
(182,462
)    
     
(706
)    
(28,570
)    
(318,822
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
153,955
     
403,370
     
145,484
     
11,954
     
46,564
     
7,225
     
     
768,552
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) due to:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Acquisitions
*
   
17,945
     
2,956
     
14,889
     
364
     
     
3,609
     
     
39,763
 
Sales and dispositions
   
     
     
(609
)    
     
     
     
     
(609
)
Impairments
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Translation adjustments
   
(926
)    
(13,802
)    
(5,410
)    
(129
)    
(372
)    
     
     
(20,639
)
Other
   
     
(1,199
)    
(1,980
)    
     
     
     
     
(3,179
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance, March 31, 2020:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Goodwill — gross
   
170,974
     
391,631
     
257,074
     
194,635
     
46,192
     
11,540
     
28,269
     
1,100,315
 
Accumulated impairments
   
     
(306
)    
(104,700
)    
(182,446
)    
     
(706
)    
(28,269
)    
(316,427
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Goodwill
   
170,974
     
391,325
     
152,374
     
12,189
     
46,192
     
10,834
     
     
783,888
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
Sony realigned its business segments from the first quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020. As a result of this realignment, the former HE&S, IP&S and MC segments have been realigned as the EP&S segment. In connection with this realignment, the carrying amounts of associated goodwill for the former HE&S, IP&S and MC segments have been reclassified to the EP&S segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019. Refer to Note 29.
*
Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to the acquisition of EMI Music Publishing in the Music segment. Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 relate mainly to the acquisition of Insomniac Games, Inc. in the G&NS segment, Silvergate Media in the Pictures segment and AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. in the Financial Services segment. Refer to Note 25.
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Investments in affiliated companies
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Equity Method Investments and Joint Ventures [Abstract]  
Investments in affiliated companies
5.
Investments in affiliated companies
The summarized combined financial information that is based on information provided by the equity investees including information for significant equity affiliates and the reconciliation of such information to the consolidated financial statements is shown below:
Balance Sheets
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Current assets
   
355,320
     
389,195
 
Noncurrent assets
   
608,626
     
164,852
 
Current liabilities
   
188,905
     
194,219
 
Noncurrent liabilities and noncontrolling interests
   
584,714
     
60,469
 
Percentage of ownership in equity investees
   
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statements of Income
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Net revenues
   
468,933
     
390,457
     
387,678
 
Operating income
   
56,729
     
53,920
     
58,431
 
Net income attributable to controlling interests
   
27,301
     
5,539
     
34,916
 
Percentage of ownership in equity investees
   
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%    
20%-50
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On November 14, 2018, Sony Corporation of America, Sony’s wholly-owned subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of the approximately 60% equity interest held by the investor consortium led by the Mubadala Investment Company in DH Publishing, L.P. (“EMI”), which owned and managed EMI Music Publishing. As a result of this acquisition, EMI became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony as described in Note 25.
The carrying value of Sony’s investment in M3, Inc. (“M3”)
 
exceeded its proportionate share in the underlying net assets of M3 by 56,140 million yen at March 31, 2020. The excess is substantially attributable to the remeasurement to fair value of the remaining shares of M3, and allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets. The intang
ible assets relate primarily to M3’s medical
web-portal.
The unassigned residual value of the excess is recognized as goodwill as a component of the investment balance. The amounts allocated to intangible assets are amortized net of the related tax effects to equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies over their respective estimated useful lives, principally 10 years, using the straight-line method.
With the exception of M3 as described above, there was no significant difference between Sony’s proportionate share in the underlying net assets of the investees and the carrying value of investments in affiliated companies at March 31, 2019 and 2020.
On December 19, 2019, SRE Holdings Corporation (“SRE”), Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, became a publicly listed company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange Mothers market (the “Listing”). Upon the Listing, Sony sold a portion of its shares of SRE, and shares issued by SRE were publicly offered (collectively, the “Sale”). Sony’s ownership of SRE’s total shares, which was 56.3% before the Sale, has decreased to 44.5% after the Sale. As a result, SRE has become an affiliate accounted for under the equity method of Sony. In connection with the Sale, Sony recorded a gain of 17,266 million yen, which consisted of both a remeasurement gain based on fair value for the shares Sony continues to hold after the Sale, and a realized gain for the sold shares, in other operating (income) loss, net in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
On January 29, 2020, Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd.(“Sony Life”), Sony’s consolidated subsidiary, completed the acquisition of the entirety of 50% equity interest held by AEGON International B.V. in AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. (collectively, the “JVs”). As a result of this acquisition, the JVs became consolidated subsidiaries of Sony as described in Note 25. AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. has changed its name to “Sony Life With Insurance Co., Ltd.,”
as of
 
April 1, 2020.
 
Several affiliated companies are listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Sony’s investments in these companies have an aggregate carrying value and fair value of 141,508 million yen and 756,073 million yen, respectively, as of March 31, 2020.
The number of affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method as of March 31, 2019 and 2020 were 133 and 140, respectively.
Account balances and transactions with affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method are presented below. There are no other material transactions or account balances with any other related parties.
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Accounts receivable, trade
   
12,404
     
12,030
 
Other receivables
   
134
     
1,589
 
Other current assets
   
33
     
9,757
 
Accounts payable, trade
   
1,087
     
1,497
 
Short-term borrowings
   
29,744
     
31,557
 
Finance lease liabilities and other*
   
20,265
     
34,564
 
Operating lease liabilities
   
     
2,393
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Finance lease liabilities and other were represented as Capital lease obligations as of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Sales
   
45,415
     
41,437
     
35,951
 
Purchases
   
3,180
     
5,584
     
3,479
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony entered into sale and leaseback transactions regarding certain machinery and equipment with SFI Leasing Company, Limited (“SFIL”), a leasing company in Japan, in the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018
 
and 2019. SFIL is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony.
MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. is accounted for under the equity method and is 34% owned by Sony as a result of the sale of the logistics business on April 1, 2015. As of the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, account balances with MITSUI-SOKO Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. and its subsidiaries were 3,435 million yen and 1,181 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in accrued expenses. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, transactions were 10,606 million yen and 6,069 million yen, respectively, which are mainly included in general and administrative expenses.
Dividends from affiliated companies accounted for under the equity method for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 5,613 million yen, 4,948 million yen and 4,523 million yen, respectively.
v3.20.1
Income taxes
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income taxes
22.
Income taxes
Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the provision for current and deferred income taxes attributable to such income are summarized as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Income before income taxes:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
436,494
     
310,020
     
466,253
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
262,555
     
701,628
     
333,197
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
699,049
     
1,011,648
     
799,450
 
                         
Income taxes—Current:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
69,697
     
82,081
     
105,755
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
57,988
     
84,667
     
66,636
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
127,685
     
166,748
     
172,391
 
                         
Income taxes—Deferred:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
29,640
     
17,907
     
9,421
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
(5,555
)    
(139,557
)    
(4,622
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
24,085
     
(121,650
)    
4,799
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total income tax expense
   
151,770
     
45,098
     
177,190
 
                         
 
 
 
 
A reconciliation of the differences between the Japanese statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:
                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Statutory tax rate
   
31.5
%    
31.5
%    
31.5
%
Non-deductible
expenses
   
0.8
     
0.7
     
0.3
 
Income tax credits
   
(0.6
)    
(1.6
)    
(1.7
)
Change in statutory tax rate and law
   
(1.2
)    
(0.3
)    
(0.4
)
Change in valuation allowances (other than the 2019 reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. (“SAHI”) and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below)
   
(5.2
)    
2.3
     
(8.1
)
The 2019 reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group
   
     
(15.3
)    
 
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures
   
(0.8
)    
(0.1
)    
0.2
 
Lower tax rate applied to life and
non-life
insurance business in Japan
   
(0.8
)    
(0.5
)    
(0.6
)
Foreign income tax differential
   
(2.6
)    
(6.4
)    
(2.4
)
Adjustments to tax reserves
   
(0.8
)    
(0.3
)    
0.9
 
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies
   
0.0
     
0.0
     
0.0
 
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI
   
     
(2.4
)    
 
Japan controlled foreign company taxation
   
     
0.0
     
5.3
 
Other
   
1.4
     
(3.1
)    
(2.8
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Effective income tax rate
   
21.7
%    
4.5
%    
22.2
%
                         
 
 
 
 
On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Tax Reform Act was signed into law, making significant changes to the U.S. tax rules. Changes include, but are not limited to, a corporate tax rate decrease from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2018 and the transition of U.S. international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a modified territorial system, with a
one-time
mandatory transition tax on previously deferred foreign earnings of U.S. subsidiaries.
In addition to lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, the U.S. Tax Reform Act also eliminated certain deductions, included new restrictions on the deduction for interest, introduced a new tax regime called the Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax or “BEAT”, and changed how foreign earnings of the U.S. group are subject to tax. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also enhanced and extended the option to claim accelerated depreciation and amortization deductions by allowing full expensing of qualified property, including film costs, through 2022. The U.S. Tax Reform Act also provided for beneficial treatment of certain income derived by a U.S. entity from outside the United States (referred to as Foreign Derived Intangible Income or “FDII”).
The BEAT creates a minimum tax on multinational corporations by requiring companies subject to the BEAT to pay the greater of their regular tax liability (less certain credits, including foreign tax credits) or 10% for taxable years beginning in 2019 (6.25% for
the
 fiscal year ended March 31. 2019) of a modified tax base which adds back certain related party payments. The BEAT comparison to regular tax must be done each year if the taxpayer’s “base erosion” related party payments exceed 3% of total deductions on its U.S. tax return. The U
.
S
.
Treasury Department issued regulations which allow taxpayers to elect to forego deductions in order to stay below the 3% threshold. Sony initially expected to exceed the 3% threshold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, but upon further detailed analysis at the time of the tax return filing, determined that it would be below the 3% threshold and therefore could use foreign tax credits to offset its regular tax liability. Sony believes it will be below the 3% threshold for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, and if not, would be able to avail itself of the election in the regulations that allows it to forego deductions to come under the threshold. Accordingly, Sony has provided for its taxes assuming the U
.
S
.
regular tax liability
is
offset by tax credits. Sony is required to determine if it is subject to the BEAT on an annual basis,
to
account for
th
e
BEAT as a period cost and to record deferred taxes at the regular statutory rate. Accordingly, Sony has recorded its U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities at 21%.
Sony provides a valuation allowance for its deferred tax assets, which includes net operating losses, temporary differences and tax credits, when it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income in the relevant tax jurisdiction. As of December 31, 2018, SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group has continued its profitable trend, primarily as a result of the G&NS segment and the Music segment. Based on an assessment of the available positive and negative evidence, in the quarter ended December 31, 2018, Sony reversed the valuation allowances
established
against a significant portion of the deferred tax assets in the United States, primarily for net operating losses, temporary differences and certain tax credits, and recorded a tax benefit of 154,201 million yen.
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Deferred tax assets:
   
     
 
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes
   
413,494
     
348,714
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
103,652
     
77,559
 
Amortization including film costs
   
86,196
     
65,349
 
Lease liability
 
 
 
 
 
100,720
 
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses
   
108,515
     
116,234
 
Future insurance policy benefits
   
36,683
     
42,056
 
Inventory
   
19,716
     
15,512
 
Depreciation
   
34,638
     
39,085
 
Tax credit carryforwards
   
117,471
     
94,900
 
Loss on equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
11,815
 
Reserve for doubtful accounts
   
9,136
     
9,090
 
Impairment of investments
   
12,278
     
6,029
 
Deferred revenue
   
19,081
     
24,420
 
Other
   
169,897
     
122,591
 
           
 
 
 
Gross deferred tax assets
   
1,130,757
     
1,074,074
 
Less: Valuation allowance
   
(723,114
)    
(608,243
)
           
 
 
 
Total deferred tax assets
   
407,643
     
465,831
 
           
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
   
     
 
Insurance acquisition costs
   
(169,244
)    
(170,868
)
Future insurance policy benefits
   
(181,052
)    
(193,315
)
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment
   
(44,842
)    
(26,214
)
Right-of-use assets
 
 
 
 
 
(96,970
)
Unrealized gains on securities
   
(75,573
)    
(92,791
)
Gain on equity securities
   
(33,082
)    
 
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings
   
(23,949
)    
(23,949
)
Intangible assets derived from EMI Music Publishing acquisition
   
(93,979
)    
(89,909
)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures
   
(15,758
)    
(25,359
)
Investment in M3
   
(37,007
)    
(38,303
)
Other
   
(62,092
)    
(47,319
)
           
 
 
 
Gross deferred tax liabilities
   
(736,578
)    
(804,997
)
           
 
 
 
Net deferred tax liabilities
   
(328,935
)    
(339,166
)
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Based on the weight of the available positive and negative evidence, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony continued to maintain valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets at Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan, as well as at Sony Mobile Communications in Sweden, Sony Europe B.V. in the United Kingdom, certain subsidiaries in Brazil, and certain subsidiaries in other tax jurisdictions. Valuation allowances also continue to be established on the remaining U.S. deferred tax assets, primarily foreign tax credits and certain research and development credits. Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan established
a
valuation allowance
 
of 274,761 
million yen relating to national
 tax and 125,465 million
yen relating to local tax.
For the deferred tax assets related to national tax in Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan, the valuation allowance is still established except for the amounts expected to be offset with taxable temporary differences as of March 31, 2020.
Due to the uncertainty of the forecast of future income impacted by the spread of COVID-19 from early 2020, the valuation allowance established against the net deferred tax assets that are attributable to Sony Corporation and its national tax filing group in Japan was not reversed, even partially, in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 despite several years of profitability.
The net changes in the total valuation allowance were decreases of 152,129 million yen, 176,721 million yen and 114,871 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 was primarily due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets for both the national tax filing group in Japan and the consolidated tax filing group in the United States. The U.S. deferred tax assets were also reduced as a result of the reduction in the tax rate under the U.S. Tax Reform Act which had a corresponding reduction of the valuation allowance on those assets. In addition, valuation allowances were reversed in several jurisdictions, including France and Canada, as a result of sustained profitability.
The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 was due to the reversal of the valuation allowances on significant deferred tax assets in SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group and the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in the national tax filing group in Japan and other jurisdictions.
The decrease in the valuation allowances during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 was due to the use of net operating loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets in the national tax filing group in Japan and the use of foreign tax credits and certain research and development credits in the consolidated tax filing group in the United States.
At March 31, 2020, 16,312 million yen of deferred income taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures not expected to be remitted in the foreseeable future totaling 1,019,525 million yen. In addition, deferred income taxes have not been provided on the gain on the book/tax basis difference in subsidiaries, including a gain of 61,544 million yen on a subsidiary’s sale of stock arising from the issuance of common stock of Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. in a public offering to third parties in November 1991 and the remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI (Refer to Note 25). Sony does not anticipate any significant tax consequences on the possible future disposition of these investments based on its tax planning strategies.
At March 31, 2020, Sony had net operating loss carryforwards, the tax effect of which totaled 348,714 million yen, which may be available as an offset against future taxable income on tax returns to be filed in various tax jurisdictions. With the exception of 96,890 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2021 and 2024.
Tax credit carryforwards at March 31, 2020 amounted to 94,900 million yen. With the exception of 15,059 million yen with no expiration period, substantially all of the total available tax credit carryforwards expire at various dates between the fiscal years ending March 31, 2021 and 2030.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year
   
119,529
     
95,425
     
50,577
 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
   
(8,809
)    
(31,396
)    
(331
)
Additions for tax positions of prior years
   
4,681
     
3,094
     
162
 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
   
5,740
     
2,594
     
8,074
 
Settlements
   
(21,893
)    
(4,235
)    
(13,240
)
Lapse in statute of limitations
   
(3,469
)    
(14,824
)    
(1,251
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(354
)    
(81
)    
(2,723
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at end of the fiscal year
   
95,425
     
50,577
     
41,268
 
                         
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate
   
39,308
     
35,004
     
29,539
 
 
 
 
The major changes in the total gross amount of unrecognized tax benefit balances relate to transfer pricing adjustments, including as a result of the Bilateral Advance Pricing Agreements (“APAs”) and competent authority requests filed for certain subsidiaries in the G&NS, EP&S and I&SS segments and All Other, with respect to the intercompany cross-border transactions. The APAs include agreements between Sony and two taxing authorities under the authority of the mutual agreement procedure specified in income tax treaties. Sony reviews its estimated tax expense based on the progress made in these procedures, and the progress of transfer pricing audits generally, and makes adjustments to its estimates as necessary. In addition, the APAs are government to government negotiations, and therefore it is possible that the final outcomes of the agreements may differ from Sony’s current assessment of the
more-likely-than-not
outcomes of such agreements.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018, Sony recorded 1,053 million yen of interest expense and 876 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2018, Sony had recorded liabilities of 10,788 million yen and 4,637 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony reversed 1,479 million yen of interest expense and recorded 218 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2019, Sony had recorded liabilities of 9,309 million yen and 4,855 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, Sony re
versed
 1,276 million yen of interest expense and re
corded
 117 million yen of penalties. At March 31, 2020, Sony had recorded liabilities of 8,033 million yen and 4,971 million yen for the payments of interest and penalties, respectively.
Sony operates in multiple jurisdictions throughout the world, and its tax returns are periodically audited by Japanese and foreign taxing authorities. As a result of audit settlements, the conclusion of current examinations, the expiration of the statute of limitations in several jurisdictions and other reevaluations of Sony’s tax positions, it is expected that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will change in the next twelve months. Accordingly, Sony believes it is reasonably possible that its existing unrecognized tax benefits may be reduced by an amount up to 1,791 million yen within the next twelve months.
Sony remains subject to examinations by Japanese taxing authorities for tax years from 2010 through 2019, and by the U.S. tax authorities for tax years from
2016 through 2019 and other material foreign taxing authorities for tax years from 2006 through 2019.
v3.20.1
Divestitures
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract]  
Divestitures
26.
Divestitures
 
 
 
Sale of equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd.
On April 1, 2017, Sony transferred all of the equity interest in Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd. (“SEH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary in the I&SS segment that manufactures camera modules, to Shen Zhen
O-Film
Tech Co., Ltd. The consideration for the transfer is approximately 234 million U.S. dollars, including the assumption of SEH’s debt and the sales price of approximately 95 million U.S. dollars. As the result of the transfer, Sony recognized a gain on transfer totaling 28,262 million yen in other operating (income) expense, net in the consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2018.
v3.20.1
Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other (Schedule of Aggregate Amounts of Year-by-Year Payment of Purchase Commitments) (Detail)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Unrecorded Unconditional Purchase Obligation, Fiscal Year Maturity [Abstract]  
2021 ¥ 378,319
2022 103,033
2023 76,541
2024 49,549
2025 36,936
Later fiscal years 40,533
Total ¥ 684,911
v3.20.1
Acquisitions - Unaudited Supplemental Pro Forma Financial Information (Detail) - EMI Music Publishing - JPY (¥)
¥ / shares in Units, ¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Net sales ¥ 8,738,209 ¥ 8,612,280
Operating income 801,973 854,786
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders ¥ 817,629 ¥ 584,019
- Basic EPS ¥ 645.53 ¥ 462.08
- Diluted EPS ¥ 631.55 ¥ 451.88
v3.20.1
Subsequent events
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Subsequent Events [Abstract]  
Subsequent events
30.
Subsequent events
 
 
 
 
 
Tender Offer for Common Shares and Stock Acquisition Rights of Sony Financial Holdings Inc.
In order to achieve further growth and strengthen governance within its financial services business with the goal of enhancing the corporate value of the overall Sony Group, Sony Corporation resolved, at the meeting of its Board of Directors held on May 19, 2020, to offer to acquire the common shares of Sony Financial Holdings Inc. (“SFH”), a consolidated subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and the related stock acquisition rights through a tender offer (“Tender Offer”), with the aim of making SFH a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation, and Sony Corporation commenced the Tender Offer on May 20, 2020. As of May 19, 2020, Sony Corporation held 283,050,000 (Share Holding Ratio: approximately 65%) of SFH’s common shares.
If all the SFH shareholders, excluding Sony Corporation, and all the holders of the stock acquisition rights tender their shares and stock acquisition rights to Sony Corporation in the Tender Offer, the total purchase price to be paid by Sony Corporation will be approximately 395,538 million yen.
<Overview of Tender Offer>
1.
Shares and Stock Acquisition Rights to be purchased: Common shares (excluding SFH’s common shares owned by Sony Corporation and the treasury shares owned by SFH) and the related stock acquisition rights
 
 
 
 
 
2.
Period: From May 20, 2020 through July 13, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
3.
Price: 2,600 yen per common share
 
 
 
 
 
259,900 yen per unit of stock acquisition right
4.
Number of Shares to be purchased (including the number of shares subject to stock acquisition rights):
 
 
 
 
 
152,130,036 shares
Under the terms of the Tender Offer, the minimum number of shares to be purchased is 7,070,000 shares. If the aggregate number of shares (including shares subject to stock acquisition rights) tendered to Sony Corporation in the Tender Offer is less than the minimum number of shares to be purchased (7,070,000 shares), Sony Corporation will not purchase any of the tendered common shares
or
stock acquisition rights.
v3.20.1
Revenue - Additional Information (Detail)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]  
Revenue recognized related to contract liability ¥ 204,265
Revenue recognized related to performance obligation satisfied in previous period ¥ 61,706
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction, description Remaining (unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations represent future revenues not yet recorded for firm orders that have not yet been performed. Sony applies practical expedients to exclude certain information about the remaining performance obligations, primarily related to contracts with an expected original duration of less than one year, and sales-based or usage-based royalty revenue on licenses of intellectual property.
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction, explanation more than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.
Amortization of contract costs ¥ 6,420
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-03-31 | Minimum  
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]  
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction 1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2020-03-31 | Maximum  
Revenue From Contract With Customers [Line Items]  
Remaining performance obligation expected timing of satisfaction 3 years
v3.20.1
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 is as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation
   
490,794
     
916,271
     
582,191
 
                         
       
 
Thousands of shares
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding
   
1,263,895
     
1,266,592
     
1,234,408
 
Effect of dilutive securities:
   
     
     
 
Stock acquisition rights
   
4,565
     
4,088
     
3,853
 
Zero coupon convertible bonds
   
23,960
     
23,966
     
23,994
 
                   
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation
   
1,292,420
     
1,294,646
     
1,262,255
 
                         
       
 
Yen
 
Basic EPS
   
388.32
     
723.41
     
471.64
 
                         
Diluted EPS
   
379.75
     
707.74
     
461.23
 
                         
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Restructuring Charges (Changes in Accrued Restructuring Charges) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Accrued restructuring charges, beginning balance ¥ 32,841 ¥ 23,674 ¥ 20,801
Restructuring costs 24,710 33,005 22,379
Non-cash charges (100) (2,731) (2,233)
Cash payments (30,088) (21,705) (16,302)
Adjustments (805) 598 (971)
Accrued restructuring charges, ending balance 26,558 32,841 23,674
Employee termination benefits      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Accrued restructuring charges, beginning balance 25,740 19,486 11,634
Restructuring costs 22,957 24,449 18,999
Cash payments (23,385) (19,150) (9,950)
Adjustments (674) 955 (1,197)
Accrued restructuring charges, ending balance 24,638 25,740 19,486
Non-cash write-downs and disposals, net      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs [1] 100 2,731 2,233
Non-cash charges [1] (100) (2,731) (2,233)
Other associated costs      
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]      
Accrued restructuring charges, beginning balance 7,101 4,188 9,167
Restructuring costs 1,653 5,825 1,147
Cash payments (6,703) (2,555) (6,352)
Adjustments (131) (357) 226
Accrued restructuring charges, ending balance ¥ 1,920 ¥ 7,101 ¥ 4,188
[1] Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.
v3.20.1
Revenue (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Schedule of Receivables from contracts with customers, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities
Receivables from contracts with customers, contract assets and contract liabilities are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March
 
3
1,
2019
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Receivables from contracts with customers
*1
   
1,183,115
     
1,126,597
 
Contract assets
*1
   
19,147
     
13,985
 
Contract liabilities
*2
   
254,646
     
271,286
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*1
Receivables from contracts with customers and contract assets are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets” and “Other”,
non-current.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and
non-current.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Remaining Performance Obligations that are Unsatisfied The following table shows the summary of the transaction prices allocated to remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied at March 31, 2020, of which more than half are expected to be recognized within one year and substantially all within three years.
         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Pictures — Motion Pictures and Television Productions
*1
   
569,081
 
Pictures — Media Networks
   
22,333
 
Music
*2
   
44,971
 
Others
   
47,126
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1 For Motion Pictures and Television Productions in the Pictures segment, Sony has included all contracts regardless of duration.
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2 Amount included in the Music segment primarily consists of minimum royalty guarantees or fixed fees in contracts related to license revenue for ongoing access to an evolving library of content. These contracts also include the potential for sales-based or usage-based royalties to exceed the minimum guarantees, and these additional royalties are excluded from the amount above, of which substantially all are recognized as revenue within three years.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Schedule of Contract Costs
Contract costs are comprised as follows:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
,
2019
 
 
March 31,
2020
 
Incremental costs of obtaining a contract
   
6,581
     
7,464
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Derivative instruments and hedging activities (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Estimated Fair Values of Outstanding Derivative Instruments
The estimated fair values of Sony’s outstanding derivative instruments are summarized as follows:
                                         
Derivatives designated as hedging
instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
   
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
 
                            
 
March 31
   
                                
 
March 31
 
Asset derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Liability derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
10
     
9
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
141
     
183
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
101
     
27
   
Liabilities: Other
   
8,274
     
8,177
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
131
     
1,799
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
42
     
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
242
     
1,835
   
   
8,457
     
8,360
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
       
Derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
   
Balance sheet location
 
Fair value
 
                            
 
March 31
   
                                
 
March 31
 
Asset derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Liability derivatives
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
39
     
44
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
344
     
200
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
882
     
1,523
   
Liabilities: Other
   
3,637
     
9,120
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
8,807
     
19,655
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
11,549
     
14,580
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Other assets: Other
   
72
     
49
   
Liabilities: Other
   
1,059
     
1,755
 
Equity contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
444
     
18,886
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
7,776
     
1,476
 
Bond contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
     
306
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
     
290
 
Commodity contracts
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
   
     
85
   
Current liabilities: Other
   
     
85
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
10,244
     
40,548
   
   
24,365
     
27,506
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total derivatives
 
   
10,486
     
42,383
   
   
32,822
     
35,866
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Effects of Derivative Instruments on Consolidated Statements of Income and Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Presented below are the effects of derivative instruments on the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020.
                             
Derivatives under fair value
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Location of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(52
)    
(1,835
)    
(3,925
)
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
(52
)    
(1,835
)    
(3,925
)
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
Derivatives under cash flow
hedging relationships
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Amounts recognized in unrealized gains (losses) on derivative
instruments in OCI
 (before tax)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
:
   
     
     
 
Components included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness
   
(2,295
)    
2,315
     
1,712
 
Components excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness that were recognized based on amortization approach
   
                             —
     
                             —
     
                        1,087
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
(2,295
)    
2,315
     
2,799
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                             
Derivatives under cash flow
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Affected line item in consolidated
statements of income
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Amounts reclassified from unrealized
gains (losses) on derivative instruments
in accumulated OCI (before tax)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
:
 
   
     
     
 
Components included in
the assessment of hedge effectiveness
 
Cost of sales
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
 
Net sales
   
     
     
106
 
Components excluded from
the assessment of hedge effectiveness that were recognized based on amortization approach
 
Net sales
   
     
     
(1,087
)
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
(981
)
                             
       
Derivatives not designated as
hedging instruments
 
Yen in millions
 
Location of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Amounts of gains or (losses) recognized
in income on derivative instruments
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(1,544
)    
(3,192
)    
1,190
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
2,013
     
(8,198
)    
2,473
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
Foreign exchange loss, net
   
21,370
     
(7,437
)    
10,184
 
Equity contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
(11,665
)    
(7,649
)    
15,438
 
Bond contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
     
     
(2,954
)
Commodity contracts
 
Financial services revenue
   
     
     
110
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
10,174
     
(26,476
)    
26,441
 
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presented below are the amortized cost of hedged items, which are available-for-sale debt securities, and cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments to hedged items under fair value hedging relationships as of March 31, 2020.
                     
Derivatives under
fair value
hedging relationships
 
Yen in millions
 
Balance sheet location of
hedged items
 
March 31, 2020
 
Amortized cost
 
 
Cumulative effect to
carrying amount of
hedged items by fair value hedges
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Marketable securities
   
15,255
     
 
Interest rate contracts
 
Securities investments and other
   
91,080
     
 
       
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
 
   
106,335
     
 
                     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Derivatives Additional Information Including Notional Amounts
The following table summarizes additional information, including notional amounts, for each type of derivative:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
   
March 31, 2020
 
 
Notional
amount
 
 
Fair value
 
 
Notional
amount
 
 
Fair value
 
Foreign exchange contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Foreign exchange forward contracts
   
701,880
     
(304
)    
740,464
     
4,361
 
Currency option contracts purchased
   
53,846
     
179
     
473
     
7
 
Currency option contracts written
   
58,825
     
(35
)    
460
     
(5
)
Currency swap agreements
   
959,777
     
(5,564
)    
893,874
     
(1,006
)
Other currency contracts
   
68,513
     
2,084
     
62,080
     
1,811
 
Interest rate contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Interest rate swap agreements
   
339,934
     
(11,346
)    
994,133
     
(16,019
)
Interest rate swaption agreements
   
5,300
     
(18
)    
18,700
     
(58
)
Equity contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Equity future contracts
   
58,725
     
308
     
63,354
     
(871
)
Equity swap agreements
   
63,107
     
(7,640
)    
103,409
     
18,281
 
Bond contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Bond
 future contracts
   
     
     
56,546
     
16
 
Commodity contracts:
   
     
     
     
 
Commodity future contracts
   
     
     
1,465
     
0
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Effects of Offsetting Derivative Assets, Derivative Liabilities, Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
As of March 31, 2019
 
 
Gross amounts
presented in the
consolidated
balance sheet
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the
consolidated balance sheet that are
subject to master netting agreements
   
 
Financial
instruments
 
 
Cash collateral
 
 
Net amounts
 
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements
   
6,855
     
3,442
     
136
     
3,277
 
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements
   
3,631
     
     
     
3,631
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
10,486
     
3,442
     
136
     
6,908
 
                                 
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements
   
25,872
     
3,970
     
20,191
     
1,711
 
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements
   
6,950
     
     
     
6,950
 
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements
   
432,820
     
432,820
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
465,642
     
436,790
     
20,191
     
8,661
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
As of March 31, 2020
 
 
Gross amounts
presented in the
consolidated
balance sheet
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the
consolidated balance sheet that are
subject to master netting agreements
   
 
Financial
instruments
 
 
Cash collateral
 
 
Net amounts
 
Derivative assets subject to master netting agreements
   
38,281
     
12,614
     
20,545
     
5,122
 
Derivative assets not subject to master netting agreements
   
4,102
     
     
     
4,102
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
42,383
     
12,614
     
20,545
     
9,224
 
                                 
Derivative liabilities subject to master netting agreements
   
31,896
     
7,086
     
23,873
     
937
 
Derivative liabilities not subject to master netting agreements
   
3,970
     
     
     
3,970
 
Repurchase, securities lending and similar arrangements
   
567,194
     
564,874
     
     
2,320
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
603,060
     
571,960
     
23,873
     
7,227
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Excluding Tax Effects) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Prior service cost (credit) ¥ (369) ¥ (8,859)
Net actuarial loss 223,354 311,128
Ending balance 222,985 302,269
Foreign plans    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Prior service cost (credit) 10,058 (45)
Net actuarial loss 66,326 71,906
Ending balance ¥ 76,384 ¥ 71,861
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Mar. 31, 2017
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Percentage of the indemnities under existing regulations to employees covered by defined benefits       65.00%
Expected amortization of net actuarial loss from accumulated other comprehensive income in next fiscal year ¥ 12,185      
Expected amortization of prior service cost from accumulated other comprehensive income in next fiscal year 1,412      
Increase Decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income 81,230      
Loss on the pension plan amendment 6,358      
Increase Decrease in accrued pension and severance costs 74,872      
Japan        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Expected contribution in defined benefit pension plans 2,000      
Loss on the pension plan amendment ¥ 6,358      
Japan | Private equity        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans 17.00%      
Japan | Fixed income funds        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans 54.00%      
Japan | Other investment funds        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans 29.00%      
Foreign plans        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Expected contribution in defined benefit pension plans ¥ 8,000      
Loss on the pension plan amendment ¥ 68 ¥ 1,804 ¥ 1,058  
Foreign plans | Private equity        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans 63.00%      
Foreign plans | Fixed income funds        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans 14.00%      
Foreign plans | Other investment funds        
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]        
Percentage of investments in equity securities for the pension plans 23.00%      
v3.20.1
Marketable Securities and Securities Investments (Aggregate Cost, Gross Unrealized Gains and Losses and Fair Value Pertaining to Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost ¥ 7,418,512 ¥ 6,842,072
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains 2,462,696 2,080,142
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses (6,572) (19,587)
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value 9,874,636 8,902,627
Marketable securities and securities investments, Cost 10,021,664 9,240,711
Marketable securities and securities investments, Gross unrealized gains 2,775,728 2,330,395
Marketable securities and securities investments, Gross unrealized losses (9,943) (20,843)
Marketable securities and securities investments, Fair value 12,787,449 11,550,263
Debt securities    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 2,603,152 2,398,639
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 313,032 250,253
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized losses (3,371) (1,256)
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value 2,912,813 2,647,636
Japanese national government bonds    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost 6,204,505 6,042,635
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains 2,098,885 2,016,786
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses (1,397)  
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value 8,301,993 8,059,421
Japanese national government bonds | Debt securities    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 1,552,036 1,422,620
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 210,459 220,989
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized losses (566) (20)
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value 1,761,929 1,643,589
Japanese local government bonds    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost 2,504 3,518
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains 331 388
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value 2,835 3,906
Japanese local government bonds | Debt securities    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 69,132 67,461
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 73 70
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized losses (33) (34)
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value 69,172 67,497
Japanese corporate bonds    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost 482,050 409,329
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains 61,176 44,348
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses (4,754) (5,845)
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value 538,472 447,832
Japanese corporate bonds | Debt securities    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 202,164 202,433
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 19,112 17,178
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized losses (567) (223)
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value 220,709 219,388
Foreign government bonds    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost 723,937 386,392
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains 302,297 18,609
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses   (13,742)
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value 1,026,234 391,259
Foreign government bonds | Debt securities    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 198,777 153,429
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 81,014 8,669
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized losses (14) (603)
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value 279,777 161,495
Foreign corporate bonds    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost 98 198
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized gains 7 11
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value 105 209
Foreign corporate bonds | Debt securities    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 361,422 360,299
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 507 944
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized losses (2,179) (376)
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value 359,750 360,867
Securitized products    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized losses (12)  
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost 5,418  
Held-to-maturity securities, Gross unrealized losses (421)  
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value 4,997  
Securitized products | Debt securities    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 205,223 190,111
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 0 1
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value 205,223 190,112
Other    
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]    
Available-for-Sale securities, Cost 14,398 2,286
Available-for-Sale securities, Gross unrealized gains 1,867 2,402
Available-for-Sale securities, Fair value ¥ 16,253 ¥ 4,688
v3.20.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Line Items]      
Finite and indefinite lived intangible assets acquired ¥ 146,023    
Acquired finite lived intangible assets subject to amortization 145,596    
Aggregate amortization expense for intangible assets ¥ 110,819 ¥ 109,452 ¥ 123,450
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Fair Values of Assets Held by Japanese and Foreign Plans) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Japan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held ¥ 437,206 ¥ 742,204 ¥ 711,077
Japan | Cash and cash equivalents      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 24,851 10,689  
Japan | Equity securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [1] 50,646 140,559  
Japan | Government bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [2] 107,478 210,817  
Japan | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [3] 71,192 97,519  
Japan | Asset-backed securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [4] 1,090 1,537  
Japan | Commingled funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [5] 58,740 138,455  
Japan | Commodity Funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [6] 21,823 21,674  
Japan | Private equity      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [7] 30,191 27,956  
Japan | Hedge funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [8] 48,410 71,606  
Japan | Real estate and other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [9] 22,785 21,392  
Foreign plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 281,110 274,749 269,745
Foreign plans | Cash and cash equivalents      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 4,632 4,340  
Foreign plans | Equity securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [10] 18,380 23,766  
Foreign plans | Government bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [11] 93,826 84,761  
Foreign plans | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [12] 31,769 32,749  
Foreign plans | Asset-backed securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 1,320 1,115  
Foreign plans | Commingled funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [13] 78,280 76,503  
Foreign plans | Real estate and other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [9] 33,569 33,207  
Foreign plans | Insurance contracts      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [14] 19,334 18,308  
Level 1 | Japan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 73,266 146,402  
Level 1 | Japan | Cash and cash equivalents      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 24,851 10,689  
Level 1 | Japan | Equity securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [1] 47,308 135,713  
Level 1 | Japan | Government bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [2] 1,087    
Level 1 | Japan | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [3] 20    
Level 1 | Foreign plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 22,394 27,453  
Level 1 | Foreign plans | Cash and cash equivalents      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 4,632 4,340  
Level 1 | Foreign plans | Equity securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [10] 17,762 23,113  
Level 2 | Japan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 259,968 474,848  
Level 2 | Japan | Equity securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [1] 3,338 4,846  
Level 2 | Japan | Government bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [2] 106,391 210,817  
Level 2 | Japan | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [3] 71,172 97,519  
Level 2 | Japan | Asset-backed securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [4] 1,090 1,537  
Level 2 | Japan | Commingled funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [5] 58,740 138,455  
Level 2 | Japan | Commodity Funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [6] 21,823 21,674  
Level 2 | Japan | Real estate and other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [9] (2,586)    
Level 2 | Foreign plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 224,241 212,713  
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Equity securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [10] 618 653  
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Government bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [11] 93,826 84,761  
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [12] 31,769 32,749  
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Asset-backed securities      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 1,320 1,115  
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Commingled funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [13] 78,280 76,503  
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Real estate and other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [9] 11,272 11,118  
Level 2 | Foreign plans | Insurance contracts      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held [14] 7,156 5,814  
Level 3 | Japan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 103,972 120,954 113,779
Level 3 | Japan | Private equity      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 30,191 [7] 27,956 [7] 24,144
Level 3 | Japan | Hedge funds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 48,410 [8] 71,606 [8] 70,204
Level 3 | Japan | Real estate and other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 25,371 [9] 21,392 [9] 19,431
Level 3 | Foreign plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 34,475 34,583 44,008
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Corporate bonds      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held     5,303
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Real estate and other      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held 22,297 [9] 22,089 [9] 25,976
Level 3 | Foreign plans | Insurance contracts      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Fair values of the assets held ¥ 12,178 [14] ¥ 12,494 [14] ¥ 12,729
[1] Includes approximately 51 percent and 37 percent of Japanese equity securities, and 49 percent and 63 percent of foreign equity securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
[2] Includes approximately 48 percent and 36 percent of debt securities issued by Japanese national and local governments, and 52 percent and 64 percent of debt securities issued by foreign national and local governments for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
[3] Includes debt securities issued by Japanese and foreign corporation and government related agencies.
[4] Includes primarily mortgage-backed securities.
[5] Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments, including primarily investment trusts. They include approximately 50 percent and 50 percent of investments in equity, 49 percent and 45 percent of investments in fixed income, and 1 percent and 5 percent of investments in other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
[6] Represents commodity futures funds.
[7] Includes multiple private equity funds of funds that primarily invest in venture, buyout, and distressed markets in the United States and Europe.
[8] Includes primarily funds that invest in a portfolio of a broad range of hedge funds to diversify the risks and reduce the volatilities associated with a single hedge fund.
[9] Includes primarily private real estate investment trusts.
[10] Includes primarily foreign equity securities.
[11] Includes primarily foreign government debt securities.
[12] Includes primarily foreign corporate debt securities.
[13] Commingled funds represent pooled institutional investments including mutual funds, common trust funds, and collective investment funds. They are primarily comprised of foreign equities and fixed income investments.
[14] Represents annuity contracts with or without profit sharing.
v3.20.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Total Carrying Amount of Intangible Assets Having Indefinite Life) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life ¥ 92,303 ¥ 91,521
Trademarks    
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life 69,975 69,447
Distribution agreements    
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life 18,834 18,834
Other    
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]    
Carrying amount of intangible assets having an indefinite life ¥ 3,494 ¥ 3,240
v3.20.1
Leases-Components of lease cost (Detail)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Lease, Cost [Abstract]  
Amortization of right-of-use assets ¥ 10,077
Interest on lease liabilities 1,266
Total finance lease cost 11,343
Operating lease cost 76,863
Short-term lease cost 20,620
Variable lease cost 141
Sublease income (3,860)
Total lease cost ¥ 105,107
v3.20.1
Leases
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]  
Leases
8.
Leases
Sony leases certain communication and commercial equipment, plant, office space, warehouses, employees’ residential facilities and other assets under both finance and operating leases.
(1)
Lease cost
The components of lease cost are as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Finance Lease cost
   
 
Amortization of
right-of-use
assets
   
10,077
 
Interest on lease liabilities
   
1,266
 
   
 
 
 
Total finance lease cost
   
11,343
 
Operating lease cost
   
76,863
 
Short-term lease cost
   
20,620
 
Variable lease cost
   
141
 
Sublease income
   
(3,860
)
   
 
 
 
Total lease cost
   
105,107
 
         
(2)
Supplemental
consolidated
balance sheet information related to leases
Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Finance leases
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
   
9,240
 
Long-term debt
   
29,843
 
   
 
 
 
Total finance lease liabilities
   
39,083
 
         
         
Weighted average remaining lease term
 
 
 
Operating leases
   
9.91 years
 
Finance leases
   
8.61 years
 
         
Weighted average discount rate
 
 
 
Operating leases
   
3.147
%
Finance leases
   
2.338
%
(3)
Rental payments and sublease rentals under operating leases
The minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining
noncancelable
lease terms in excess of one year at March 
31
,
2019
are as follows:
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2020
   
58,901
 
2021
   
48,823
 
2022
   
34,726
 
2023
   
25,355
 
2024
   
22,152
 
Later fiscal years
   
78,507
 
   
 
 
 
Total minimum future rentals
   
268,464
 
         
Rental expenses under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 77,950 million yen and 71,516 million yen, respectively. Sublease rentals received under operating leases for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2019 were 1,325 million yen and 1,013 million yen, respectively. The total minimum rentals to be received in the future under noncancelable subleases for operating leases as of March 31, 2019 were 1,598 million yen.
(4)
Maturities of lease liabilities
Maturities of lease liabilities
as of March 31, 2020
are as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Operating leases
 
 
Finance leases
 
2021
   
76,469
     
10,213
 
2022
   
69,606
     
7,323
 
2023
   
55,648
     
5,990
 
2024
   
40,303
     
4,689
 
2025
   
30,664
     
3,163
 
Later fiscal years
   
152,275
     
23,088
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total lease payments
   
424,965
     
54,466
 
Less imputed interest
   
41,187
     
15,383
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
383,778
     
39,083
 
                 
(5)
Other information
Other information related to leases is as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
   
 
Payments for operating leases, included in cash flows from operating activities
   
71,612
 
Payments for finance leases, included in cash flows from financing activities
   
33,088
 
Right-of-use
assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
   
124,380
 
v3.20.1
Film costs
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Other Industries [Abstract]  
Film costs
4.
Film costs
Film costs are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Motion picture productions:
   
     
 
Released
   
87,158
     
99,482
 
Completed and not released
   
3,189
     
18,776
 
In production and development
   
130,736
     
67,199
 
Television productions:
   
     
 
Released
   
144,316
     
186,344
 
In production and development
   
9,147
     
25,093
 
Broadcasting rights
   
70,401
     
61,959
 
Less: current portion included in inventories
   
(35,942
)    
(31,517
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Film costs
   
409,005
     
427,336
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sony estimates that approximately 92% of the unamortized film costs of released motion picture and television productions at March 31, 2020 will be amortized within the next three years. Approximately 217 billion yen of completed film costs are expected to be amortized during the next twelve months. Approximately 163 billion yen of accrued participation liabilities included in accounts payable, other and accrued expenses are expected to be paid during the next twelve months.
v3.20.1
Commitments, Contingent Liabilities and Other (Changes in Product Warranty Liability) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Movement in Standard Product Warranty Accrual [Roll Forward]      
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year ¥ 33,005 ¥ 44,717 ¥ 57,694
Additional liabilities for warranties 21,448 23,041 32,179
Settlements (in cash or in kind) (21,491) (26,326) (30,570)
Changes in estimate for pre-existing warranty reserve (562) (7,370) (16,802)
Translation adjustments (593) (1,057) 2,216
Balance at end of the fiscal year ¥ 31,807 ¥ 33,005 ¥ 44,717
v3.20.1
Divestitures - Additional Information (Detail) - Sony Electronics Huanan Co., Ltd [Member]
¥ in Millions, $ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Apr. 01, 2017
USD ($)
Mar. 31, 2018
JPY (¥)
Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Additional Disclosures by Disposal Groups, Including Discontinued Operations [Line Items]    
Consideration for sale of subsidiaries $ 234  
Sales price of business $ 95  
Gain (loss) on sale of investments | ¥   ¥ 28,262
v3.20.1
SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]  
SCHEDULE II VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Balance
at beginning
of period
 
 
Beginning
adjustment
(Note 3)
 
 
Additions
charged to
costs and
expenses
 
 
Deductions
(Note 1)
 
 
Other
(Note 2)
 
 
Balance
at end
of period
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns
   
53,150
     
     
45,515
     
(51,302
)    
1,300
     
48,663
 
                                                 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
48,663
     
(25,114
)    
7,112
     
(5,532
)    
311
     
25,440
 
                                                 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020:
   
     
     
     
     
     
 
Allowance for doubtful accounts
   
25,440
     
     
9,006
     
(6,908
)    
(1,665
)    
25,873
 
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes:
1. Reversal including amounts written off.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Translation adjustments.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Sony adopted ASU 2014-09 from April 1, 2018, and as a result, sales returns are presented as a liability instead of as a contra-asset allowance. Accordingly, Sony changed the presentation from “Allowance for doubtful accounts and sales returns” to “Allowance for doubtful accounts” for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Balance
at beginning
of period
 
 
Additions
 
 
Deductions
 
 
Other
(Note 1)
 
 
Balance
at end
of period
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets
   
1,051,964
     
70,797
     
(123,597
)    
(99,329
)    
899,835
 
                                         
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets
   
899,835
     
116,938
     
(309,226
)    
15,567
     
723,114
 
                                         
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Valuation allowance — Deferred tax assets
   
723,114
     
53,245
     
(161,547
)    
(6,569
)    
608,243
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note:
1. Translation adjustments and the effect of change in statutory tax rate.
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS
23.
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS
Reconciliation of the differences between basic and diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 is as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation
   
490,794
     
916,271
     
582,191
 
                         
       
 
Thousands of shares
 
Weighted-average shares outstanding
   
1,263,895
     
1,266,592
     
1,234,408
 
Effect of dilutive securities:
   
     
     
 
Stock acquisition rights
   
4,565
     
4,088
     
3,853
 
Zero coupon convertible bonds
   
23,960
     
23,966
     
23,994
 
                   
 
 
 
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation
   
1,292,420
     
1,294,646
     
1,262,255
 
                         
       
 
Yen
 
Basic EPS
   
388.32
     
723.41
     
471.64
 
                         
Diluted EPS
   
379.75
     
707.74
     
461.23
 
                         
 
 
 
Potential shares of common stock which were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were 2,921 thousand shares, 5,731 thousand shares and 3,212 thousand shares, respectively. Potential shares related to stock acquisition rights were excluded as anti-dilutive for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 when the exercise price for those shares was in excess of the average market value of Sony’s common stock for those fiscal years. The zero coupon convertible bonds issued in July 2015 were included in the diluted EPS calculation under the
if-converted
method beginning upon issuance.
v3.20.1
Collaborative arrangements
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]  
Collaborative arrangements
27.
Collaborative arrangements
 
 
Sony’s collaborative arrangements primarily relate to arrangements entered into, through subsidiaries in the Pictures segment, with one or more active participants to jointly finance, produce and/or distribute motion pictures or television programming under which both the subsidiaries and the other active participants share in the risks and rewards of ownership. These arrangements are referred to as
co-production
and distribution arrangements.
Sony typically records an asset for only the portion of the motion pictures or television programming it owns and finances. Sony and the other participants typically distribute the product in different media or markets. Revenues earned and expenses incurred for the media or markets in which Sony distributes the product are typically recorded on a gross basis. Sony typically does not record revenues earned and expenses incurred when the other participants distribute the product. Sony and the other participants typically share in the profits from the distribution of the product in all media or markets. For motion pictures, if Sony is a net receiver of (1) Sony’s share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants less (2) the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony then the net amount is recorded as net sales. If Sony is a net payer then the net amount is recorded in cost of sales. For television programming, Sony records its share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by the other participants as sales, and the other participants’ share of the profits from the media or markets distributed by Sony as cost of sales.
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, 49,547 million yen, 42,343 million yen and 33,921 million yen, respectively, were recorded as net sales for amounts due from the other participants and 24,280 million yen, 22,702 million yen and 21,052 million yen, respectively, were recorded as cost of sales for amounts owed to the other participants in these collaborative arrangements.
v3.20.1
Stock-based compensation plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Weighted-Average Assumptions used to Determine Fair Value of Stock Acquisition Rights Granted The fair value of stock acquisition rights granted on the date of grant and used to recognize compensation expense for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions:
                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
        2018        
 
 
        2019        
 
 
        2020        
 
Weighted-average assumptions
   
     
     
 
Risk-free interest rate
   
1.14
%    
1.37
%    
0.70
%
Expected lives
   
6.55
 years    
5.98
 years    
5.73
 years
Expected volatility
*
   
38.49
%    
32.52
%    
29.30
%
Expected dividends
   
0.40
%    
0.35
%    
0.32
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Expected volatility was based on the historical volatilities of Sony Corporation’s common stock over the expected life of the stock acquisition rights.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Summary of Activities Regarding Stock Acquisition Rights Plan
A summary of the activities regarding the stock acquisition rights plan during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 is as follows:
                                 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Number of
shares
 
 
Weighted-
average
exercise price
 
 
Weighted-
average
remaining life
 
 
Total
intrinsic
value
 
 
 
 
Yen
 
 
Years
 
 
Yen in millions
 
Outstanding at beginning of the fiscal year
   
12,213,900
     
3,665
     
     
 
Granted
   
3,279,700
     
6,669
     
     
 
Exercised
   
2,294,900
     
3,294
     
     
 
Forfeited or expired
   
322,000
     
5,500
     
     
 
                                 
Outstanding at end of the fiscal year
   
12,876,700
     
4,982
     
7.52
     
19,459
 
                                 
Exercisable at end of the fiscal year
   
6,235,700
     
3,581
     
6.43
     
15,552
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Fair value measurements (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis
The fair value of Sony’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows.
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
   
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Other
current
assets
 
 
Other
noncurrent
assets
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Debt securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Trading securities
   
22,105
     
212,012
     
     
234,117
     
234,117
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
1,643,589
     
     
1,643,589
     
18,719
     
1,624,870
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
67,497
     
     
67,497
     
7,768
     
59,729
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
219,388
     
     
219,388
     
11,472
     
207,916
     
     
 
Foreign government bonds
*1
   
     
161,495
     
     
161,495
     
3,984
     
157,511
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
   
     
338,163
     
22,704
     
360,867
     
90,801
     
270,066
     
     
 
Securitized products
*3
   
     
25,029
     
165,083
     
190,112
     
     
190,112
     
     
 
Other
   
     
4,688
     
     
4,688
     
     
4,688
     
     
 
Equity securities
   
1,037,100
     
135,794
     
     
1,172,894
     
951,390
     
221,504
     
     
 
Other investments
*4
   
5,489
     
1,507
     
6,918
     
13,914
     
     
13,914
     
     
 
Derivative assets
*5
   
444
     
10,042
     
     
10,486
     
     
     
9,431
     
1,055
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
1,065,138
     
2,819,204
     
194,705
     
4,079,047
     
1,318,251
     
2,750,310
     
9,431
     
1,055
 
                                                                 
             
 
   
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Future insurance policy benefits
 
 
Policyholders’ account
 
 


Other current liabilities
 
 
Other noncurrent liabilitie
s
 
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Derivative liabilities
*5
   
136
     
32,686
     
     
32,822
     
     
     
19,852
     
12,970
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
136
     
32,686
     
     
32,822
     
     
     
19,852
     
12,970
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
                                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Marketable
securities
 
 
Securities
investments
and other
 
 
Other
current
assets
 
 
Other
noncurrent
assets
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Debt securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Trading securities
   
24,330
     
245,790
     
     
270,120
     
270,120
     
     
     
 
Available-for-sale
securities
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Japanese national government bonds
   
     
1,761,929
     
     
1,761,929
     
10,011
     
1,751,918
     
     
 
Japanese local government bonds
   
     
69,172
     
     
69,172
     
15,334
     
53,838
     
     
 
Japanese corporate bonds
   
     
220,679
     
30
     
220,709
     
14,774
     
205,935
     
     
 
Foreign government bonds
*1
   
     
279,777
     
     
279,777
     
2,690
     
277,087
     
     
 
Foreign corporate bonds
*2
   
     
343,980
     
15,770
     
359,750
     
94,156
     
265,594
     
     
 
Securitized products
*3
   
     
33,383
     
171,840
     
205,223
     
     
205,223
     
     
 
Other
   
     
4,152
     
12,101
     
16,253
     
     
16,253
     
     
 
Equity securities
   
950,744
     
581,642
     
     
1,532,386
     
1,434,612
     
97,774
     
     
 
Other investments
*4
   
7,162
     
816
     
9,242
     
17,220
     
     
17,220
     
     
 
Derivative assets
*5
   
1,310
     
41,073
     
     
42,383
     
     
     
40,784
     
1,599
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
 
 
 
983,546
     
3,582,393
     
208,983
     
4,774,922
     
1,841,697
     
2,890,842
     
40,784
     
1,599
 
                                                                 
                               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Presentation in the consolidated balance sheets
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Future
insurance
policy
benefits
 
 
Policyholders’
account
 
 
Other
current
liabilities
 
 
Other
noncurrent
liabilities
 
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
*6
   
     
     
532,191
     
532,191
     
64,045
     
468,146
     
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
*5
   
2,077
     
33,789
     
     
35,866
     
     
     
16,814
     
19,052
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
2,077
     
33,789
     
532,191
     
568,057
     
64,045
     
468,146
     
16,814
     
19,052
 
                                                                 
 
 
 
 
*1 4,910 million yen and 7,771 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020
.
In the consolidated balance sheets, 2,386 million yen are included as marketable securities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2020 and 4,910 million yen and 5,385 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
*2 173,964 million yen and 188,426 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. In the consolidated balance sheets, 33,391 million yen and 34,502 million yen are included as marketable securities and 140,573 million yen and 153,924 million yen are included as securities investment and other for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
*3 185,195 million yen and 193,430 million yen are included in foreign securities for which the fair value option has been elected and classified in level 2 and level 3 for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively, and are included in the consolidated balance sheets as securities investments and other.
 
 
 
 
*4 Other investments include certain hybrid financial instruments and certain private equity investments.
 
 
 
 
*5 Derivative assets and liabilities are recognized and disclosed on a gross basis.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*6
Future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the life insurance business are those for which the fair value option has been elected.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
Net gains of 85 million yen and net loss of 12,408 million yen arising from
assets and liabilities
for which the fair value option has been elected are included in financial services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in Fair Value of Level Three Assets and Liabilities
The changes in fair value of level 3 assets and liabilities for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
 
Debt securities
 
 
 
 
Future
insurance
policy benefits
and
Policyholders’
account
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Japanese
corporate
bonds
 
 
Foreign
corporate
bonds
 
 
Securitized
products
 
 
Other
 
 
Other
investments
 
Beginning balance
   
     
27,878
     
83,614
 
 
 
 —
 
   
9,104
     
 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
465
     
562
 
 
 
 —
 
   
276
     
 
Included in other comprehensive income
 
(loss)
*2
   
     
131
     
1
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Purchases and Issuances
   
     
5,787
     
94,696
 
 
 
 —
 
   
4
     
 
Sales
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
(6
)    
 
Settlements
   
     
(10,435
)    
(13,601
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(2,460
)    
 
Transfers into level 3
*3
   
     
20,863
     
5,284
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
Transfers out of level 3
*4
   
     
(21,985
)    
(5,473
)
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
Ending balance
 
 
 
 
 
22,704
 
 
 
165,083
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6,918
 
 
 
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses)
 
relating
 
to
 
instruments
still held at
 
reporting date:
   
     
     
 
 
 
           
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
219
     
510
 
 
 
 
 
   
441
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
       
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Assets
   
Liabilities
 
 
Debt securities
 
 
 
 
Future
insurance
policy benefits
and
Policyholder
s

account
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
Japanese
corporate
bonds
 
 
Foreign
corporate
bonds
 
 
Securitized
products
 
 
Other
 
 
Other
investments
 
Beginning balance
   
     
22,704
     
165,083
 
 
 
 —
 
   
6,918
     
 
Acquisition of AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co.,
 
Ltd. and
SA Reinsurance Ltd.
*5
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
547,190
 
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses):
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
311
     
(18,151
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(500
)    
12,500
 
Included
 
in
 
other
 
comprehensive
 
income
 
(loss)
*2
   
     
(73
)
   
1
     
 —
     
     
3,032
 
Purchases and Issuances
   
30
     
13,597
     
40,175
 
 
 
12,101
 
   
4,711
     
5,295
 
Sales
   
     
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
(9
)    
 
Settlements
   
     
(20,867
)    
(12,967
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(1,878
)    
(4,762
)
Transfers into level 3
*3
   
     
3,374
     
 
 
 
 —
 
   
     
 
Transfers out of level 3
*4
   
     
(3,276
)    
(2,301
)
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Ending balance
 
 
30
 
 
 
15,770
 
 
 
171,840
 
 
 
12,101
 
 
 
9,242
 
 
 
532,191
 
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at reporting date:
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Included in earnings
*1
   
     
(94
)    
(16,507
)
 
 
 —
 
   
(376
)    
10,273
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *1
Earning effects are included in financi
a
l services revenue and financial services expense in the consolidated statements of income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *2
Unrealized gains (losses) are included in unrealized gains (losses) on securities, net for available-for-sale securities and included in debt valuation adjustments for future insurance policy benefits and policyholders’ account in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *3 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred into level 3 because differences between the fair value determined by indicative quotes from dealers and the fair value determined by internally developed prices became significant and the observability of the inputs used decreased.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  *4 Certain corporate bonds and certain securitized products were transferred out of level 3 because observable market data became available.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
*5
Refer to Note 25
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets and Liabilities Remeasured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, such remeasurements to fair value related primarily to the following:
                                 
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Amounts included 
in earnings
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Long-lived assets impairments
   
     
     
4,389
     
(44,135
)
Goodwill impairment
   
     
     
0
     
(5,107
)
                           
 
 
 
   
     
     
     
(49,242
)
                                 
       
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Amounts included
in earnings
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
 
Remeasurement of retained investment in SRE
 
 
 
15,911
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,347
 
Long-lived assets impairments
   
     
     
8,155
     
(36,003
)
                                 
   
     
     
     
(22,656
)
                                 
 
 
 
Estimated Fair Values by Fair Value Hierarchy Level of Certain Financial Instruments not Reported at Fair Value
The estimated fair values by fair value hierarchy level of certain financial instruments that are not reported at fair value are summarized as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2019
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Carrying
amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Total
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Housing loans in the banking business
   
     
1,861,384
     
     
1,861,384
     
1,685,504
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
     
1,861,384
     
     
1,861,384
     
1,685,504
 
                                         
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Long-term debt including the current portion
   
     
737,529
     
     
737,529
     
740,833
 
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
     
877,157
     
     
877,157
     
816,903
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
     
1,614,686
     
     
1,614,686
     
1,557,736
 
                                         
       
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31, 2020
 
 
Estimated fair value
   
Carrying
amount
 
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Total
 
 
Total
 
Assets:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Housing loans in the banking business
   
     
2,161,432
     
     
2,161,432
     
1,927,054
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total assets
   
     
2,161,432
     
     
2,161,432
     
1,927,054
 
                                         
Liabilities:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Long-term debt including the current portion
   
     
699,358
     
     
699,358
     
664,773
 
Investment contracts included in policyholders’ account in the life insurance business
   
     
969,464
     
     
969,464
     
885,690
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total liabilities
   
     
1,668,822
     
     
1,668,822
     
1,550,463
 
                                         
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Revenue - Schedule of Receivables, Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Contract with customer, asset and liability    
Receivables from contracts with customers [1] ¥ 1,126,597 ¥ 1,183,115
Contract assets [1] 13,985 19,147
Contract liabilities [2] ¥ 271,286 ¥ 254,646
[1] Receivables from contracts with customers and contract assets are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Notes and accounts receivable, trade and contract assets” and “Other”, non-current.
[2] Contract liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as “Other”, both current and non-current.
v3.20.1
Income taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Components of Domestic and Foreign Income and Provision for Current and Deferred Income Taxes
Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes and the provision for current and deferred income taxes attributable to such income are summarized as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Income before income taxes:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
436,494
     
310,020
     
466,253
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
262,555
     
701,628
     
333,197
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
699,049
     
1,011,648
     
799,450
 
                         
Income taxes—Current:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
69,697
     
82,081
     
105,755
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
57,988
     
84,667
     
66,636
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
127,685
     
166,748
     
172,391
 
                         
Income taxes—Deferred:
   
     
     
 
Sony Corporation and all subsidiaries in Japan
   
29,640
     
17,907
     
9,421
 
Foreign subsidiaries
   
(5,555
)    
(139,557
)    
(4,622
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
24,085
     
(121,650
)    
4,799
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total income tax expense
   
151,770
     
45,098
     
177,190
 
                         
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Statutory Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate
A reconciliation of the differences between the Japanese statutory tax rate and the effective tax rate is as follows:
                         
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Statutory tax rate
   
31.5
%    
31.5
%    
31.5
%
Non-deductible
expenses
   
0.8
     
0.7
     
0.3
 
Income tax credits
   
(0.6
)    
(1.6
)    
(1.7
)
Change in statutory tax rate and law
   
(1.2
)    
(0.3
)    
(0.4
)
Change in valuation allowances (other than the 2019 reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. (“SAHI”) and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below)
   
(5.2
)    
2.3
     
(8.1
)
The 2019 reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group
   
     
(15.3
)    
 
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures
   
(0.8
)    
(0.1
)    
0.2
 
Lower tax rate applied to life and
non-life
insurance business in Japan
   
(0.8
)    
(0.5
)    
(0.6
)
Foreign income tax differential
   
(2.6
)    
(6.4
)    
(2.4
)
Adjustments to tax reserves
   
(0.8
)    
(0.3
)    
0.9
 
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies
   
0.0
     
0.0
     
0.0
 
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI
   
     
(2.4
)    
 
Japan controlled foreign company taxation
   
     
0.0
     
5.3
 
Other
   
1.4
     
(3.1
)    
(2.8
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Effective income tax rate
   
21.7
%    
4.5
%    
22.2
%
                         
 
 
 
 
Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Deferred tax assets:
   
     
 
Operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes
   
413,494
     
348,714
 
Accrued pension and severance costs
   
103,652
     
77,559
 
Amortization including film costs
   
86,196
     
65,349
 
Lease liability
 
 
 
 
 
100,720
 
Warranty reserves and accrued expenses
   
108,515
     
116,234
 
Future insurance policy benefits
   
36,683
     
42,056
 
Inventory
   
19,716
     
15,512
 
Depreciation
   
34,638
     
39,085
 
Tax credit carryforwards
   
117,471
     
94,900
 
Loss on equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
11,815
 
Reserve for doubtful accounts
   
9,136
     
9,090
 
Impairment of investments
   
12,278
     
6,029
 
Deferred revenue
   
19,081
     
24,420
 
Other
   
169,897
     
122,591
 
           
 
 
 
Gross deferred tax assets
   
1,130,757
     
1,074,074
 
Less: Valuation allowance
   
(723,114
)    
(608,243
)
           
 
 
 
Total deferred tax assets
   
407,643
     
465,831
 
           
 
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities:
   
     
 
Insurance acquisition costs
   
(169,244
)    
(170,868
)
Future insurance policy benefits
   
(181,052
)    
(193,315
)
Unbilled accounts receivable in the Pictures segment
   
(44,842
)    
(26,214
)
Right-of-use assets
 
 
 
 
 
(96,970
)
Unrealized gains on securities
   
(75,573
)    
(92,791
)
Gain on equity securities
   
(33,082
)    
 
Intangible assets acquired through stock exchange offerings
   
(23,949
)    
(23,949
)
Intangible assets derived from EMI Music Publishing acquisition
   
(93,979
)    
(89,909
)
Undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures
   
(15,758
)    
(25,359
)
Investment in M3
   
(37,007
)    
(38,303
)
Other
   
(62,092
)    
(47,319
)
           
 
 
 
Gross deferred tax liabilities
   
(736,578
)    
(804,997
)
           
 
 
 
Net deferred tax liabilities
   
(328,935
)    
(339,166
)
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Gross Amounts of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year
   
119,529
     
95,425
     
50,577
 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
   
(8,809
)    
(31,396
)    
(331
)
Additions for tax positions of prior years
   
4,681
     
3,094
     
162
 
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
   
5,740
     
2,594
     
8,074
 
Settlements
   
(21,893
)    
(4,235
)    
(13,240
)
Lapse in statute of limitations
   
(3,469
)    
(14,824
)    
(1,251
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(354
)    
(81
)    
(2,723
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at end of the fiscal year
   
95,425
     
50,577
     
41,268
 
                         
Total net amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate
   
39,308
     
35,004
     
29,539
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Restructuring Charges - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]      
Restructuring and related activities, term description The restructuring activities are generally short term in nature and are generally completed within one year of initiation.    
Restructuring costs ¥ 24,710 ¥ 33,005 ¥ 22,379
Music      
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 3,185 3,192 6,630
Pictures      
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 545 4,795 2,922
Electronics Products & Solutions      
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 14,727 16,011 3,502
Headcount Reduction | Music      
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs 3,185 3,192 ¥ 6,630
Headcount Reduction | Pictures      
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs   4,795  
Manufacturing Sites and Sales Officers in Overseas [Member] | Electronics Products & Solutions      
Restructuring Charges [Line Items]      
Restructuring costs ¥ 14,727 ¥ 16,011  
v3.20.1
Marketable Securities and Securities Investments (Cost and Fair Value of Debt Securities Classified as Available-for-Sale Securities and Held-to-Maturity Securities by Contractual Maturity) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Available for Sale Securities, Cost    
Due in one year or less ¥ 145,867  
Due after one year through five years 432,281  
Due after five years through ten years 561,098  
Due after ten years 1,463,906  
Total 2,603,152  
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value    
Due in one year or less 146,084  
Due after one year through five years 435,443  
Due after five years through ten years 637,363  
Due after ten years 1,693,923  
Total 2,912,813  
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost    
Due in one year or less 6,075  
Due after one year through five years 199,509  
Due after five years through ten years 246,072  
Due after ten years 6,966,856  
Held-to-maturity securities, Cost 7,418,512 ¥ 6,842,072
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value    
Due in one year or less 6,109  
Due after one year through five years 217,983  
Due after five years through ten years 283,086  
Due after ten years 9,367,458  
Total ¥ 9,874,636 ¥ 8,902,627
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Fair Values of Assets Held by Japanese and Foreign Plans) (Parenthetical) (Detail)
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Commingled funds | Equity securities | Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Percentage of investments 50.00% 50.00%
Commingled funds | Fixed Income Securities | Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Percentage of investments 45.00% 49.00%
Commingled funds | Other investment funds | Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Percentage of investments 5.00% 1.00%
Japanese equity securities | Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Percentage of investments 37.00% 51.00%
Foreign equity securities | Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Percentage of investments 63.00% 49.00%
Japanese National and Local Government Debt Securities | Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Percentage of investments 36.00% 48.00%
Foreign National and Local Government Debt Securities | Foreign plans    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Percentage of investments 64.00% 52.00%
v3.20.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Acquired Intangible Assets and Weighted-Average Amortization Period) (Detail)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
JPY (¥)
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]  
Intangible assets acquired ¥ 145,596
Patent rights, know-how and license agreements  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]  
Intangible assets acquired ¥ 7,848
Weighted-average amortization period 8 years
Software to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]  
Intangible assets acquired ¥ 16,609
Weighted-average amortization period 3 years
Internal-use software  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]  
Intangible assets acquired ¥ 93,768
Weighted-average amortization period 4 years
Music catalogs  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]  
Intangible assets acquired ¥ 19,837
Weighted-average amortization period 14 years
Other  
Acquired Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]  
Intangible assets acquired ¥ 7,534
Weighted-average amortization period 11 years
v3.20.1
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross ¥ 1,087,374 ¥ 839,030
Accumulated impairments (318,822) (308,538)
Goodwill 768,552 530,492
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Acquisitions 39,763 [1] 243,044
Sales and dispositions (609)  
Impairments   (5,107)
Translation adjustments (20,639) 3,111
Other (3,179) (2,988)
Goodwill - gross 1,100,315 1,087,374
Accumulated impairments (316,427) (318,822)
Goodwill 783,888 768,552
Game & Network Services    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross 153,955 150,606
Goodwill 153,955 150,606
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Acquisitions 17,945 [1] 2,261
Translation adjustments (926) 1,088
Goodwill - gross 170,974 153,955
Goodwill 170,974 153,955
Music    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross 403,676 165,700
Accumulated impairments (306) (306)
Goodwill 403,370 165,394
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Acquisitions 2,956 [1] 240,396
Sales and dispositions   0
Translation adjustments (13,802) (2,420)
Other (1,199)  
Goodwill - gross 391,631 403,676
Accumulated impairments (306) (306)
Goodwill 391,325 403,370
Pictures    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross 252,262 246,620
Accumulated impairments (106,778) (102,208)
Goodwill 145,484 144,412
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Acquisitions 14,889 [1] 387
Sales and dispositions (609)  
Translation adjustments (5,410) 3,673
Other (1,980) (2,988)
Goodwill - gross 257,074 252,262
Accumulated impairments (104,700) (106,778)
Goodwill 152,374 145,484
Electronics Products & Solutions    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross 194,416 194,468
Accumulated impairments (182,462) (181,665)
Goodwill 11,954 12,803
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Acquisitions [1] 364  
Impairments   (776)
Translation adjustments (129) (73)
Goodwill - gross 194,635 194,416
Accumulated impairments (182,446) (182,462)
Goodwill 12,189 11,954
Imaging & Sensing Solutions    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross 46,564 45,793
Goodwill 46,564 45,793
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Translation adjustments (372) 771
Goodwill - gross 46,192 46,564
Goodwill 46,192 46,564
Financial Services    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross 7,931 7,931
Accumulated impairments (706) (706)
Goodwill 7,225 7,225
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Acquisitions [1] 3,609  
Goodwill - gross 11,540 7,931
Accumulated impairments (706) (706)
Goodwill 10,834 7,225
All Other    
Goodwill [Line Items]    
Goodwill - gross 28,570 27,912
Accumulated impairments (28,570) (23,653)
Goodwill   4,259
Increase (decrease) due to:    
Impairments   (4,331)
Translation adjustments 0 72
Other   0
Goodwill - gross 28,269 28,570
Accumulated impairments ¥ (28,269) ¥ (28,570)
[1] Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019 relate mainly to the acquisition of EMI Music Publishing in the Music segment. Acquisitions for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020 relate mainly to the acquisition of Insomniac Games, Inc. in the G&NS segment, Silvergate Media in the Pictures segment and AEGON Sony Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and SA Reinsurance Ltd. in the Financial Services segment. Refer to Note 25.
v3.20.1
Leases - Additional Information (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Leases [Abstract]    
Rental expenses under operating leases ¥ 71,516 ¥ 77,950
Sublease rental received under operating leases 1,013 ¥ 1,325
Total minimum rentals to be received in future under noncancelable subleases for operating leases ¥ 1,598  
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Accumulated Benefit Obligations for All Defined Benefit Pension Plans) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Japan    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Accumulated benefit obligations ¥ 654,209 ¥ 1,029,910
Foreign plans    
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]    
Accumulated benefit obligations ¥ 354,100 ¥ 336,185
v3.20.1
Pension and Severance Plans (Components of Net Periodic Benefit Costs) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Losses on curtailments and settlements ¥ 6,358    
Japan      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Service cost 17,948 ¥ 23,128 ¥ 25,185
Interest cost 4,162 7,020 8,024
Expected return on plan assets (17,040) (16,695) (16,440)
Recognized actuarial loss 12,969 15,365 16,099
Amortization of prior service costs (4,294) (7,864) (8,693)
Losses on curtailments and settlements 6,358    
Net periodic benefit costs 20,103 20,954 24,175
Foreign plans      
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]      
Service cost 3,616 2,780 3,181
Interest cost 9,212 10,083 10,393
Expected return on plan assets (10,916) (11,797) (11,687)
Amortization of net transition asset     5
Recognized actuarial loss 2,606 2,656 3,014
Amortization of prior service costs 2 (269) (574)
Losses on curtailments and settlements 68 1,804 1,058
Net periodic benefit costs ¥ 4,588 ¥ 5,257 ¥ 5,390
v3.20.1
Stockholders' Equity (Net Income Attributable to Sony Corporation's Stockholders and Transfers (to) from Noncontrolling Interests) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract]      
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders ¥ 582,191 ¥ 916,271 ¥ 490,794
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:      
Increase (decrease) in additional paid-in capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries 16,372 (22,775) (74)
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests ¥ 598,563 ¥ 893,496 ¥ 490,720
v3.20.1
Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business (Tables)
Nov. 15, 2019
Banking and Thrift [Abstract]  
Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Time Deposits with Remaining Term of More Than One Year
At March 31, 2020, aggregate amounts of annual maturities of time deposits with a remaining term of more than one year are as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2022
   
39,145
 
2023
   
16,102
 
2024
   
10,513
 
2025
   
3,238
 
2026
   
2,190
 
Later fiscal years
   
12,823
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
84,011
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Stockholders' Equity (Changes in Number of Shares of Common Stock Issued and Outstanding) (Detail) - shares
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Equity [Abstract]      
Common stock, shares issued, beginning balance 1,271,230,341 1,266,552,149 1,263,763,660
Issuance of new shares 184,900 149,900 218,000
Exercise of stock acquisition rights 2,294,900 4,525,300 2,565,700
Conversion of convertible bonds 86,040 2,992 4,789
Cancellation of treasury stock (12,737,400)    
Common stock, shares issued, ending balance 1,261,058,781 1,271,230,341 1,266,552,149
v3.20.1
Inventories (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Inventories
Inventories are comprised of the following:
                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Finished products
   
407,295
     
345,231
 
Work in process
   
154,178
     
149,969
 
Raw materials, purchased components and supplies
   
91,805
     
94,769
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Inventories
   
653,278
     
589,969
 
                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Leases (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]  
Components of lease cost
The components of lease cost are as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Finance Lease cost
   
 
Amortization of
right-of-use
assets
   
10,077
 
Interest on lease liabilities
   
1,266
 
   
 
 
 
Total finance lease cost
   
11,343
 
Operating lease cost
   
76,863
 
Short-term lease cost
   
20,620
 
Variable lease cost
   
141
 
Sublease income
   
(3,860
)
   
 
 
 
Total lease cost
   
105,107
 
         
Summary of Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases
Supplemental consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Finance leases
 
 
 
Current portion of long-term debt
   
9,240
 
Long-term debt
   
29,843
 
   
 
 
 
Total finance lease liabilities
   
39,083
 
         
         
Weighted average remaining lease term
 
 
 
Operating leases
   
9.91 years
 
Finance leases
   
8.61 years
 
         
Weighted average discount rate
 
 
 
Operating leases
   
3.147
%
Finance leases
   
2.338
%
Summary of minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year
The minimum rental payments required under operating leases that have initial or remaining
noncancelable
lease terms in excess of one year at March 
31
,
2019
are as follows:
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2020
   
58,901
 
2021
   
48,823
 
2022
   
34,726
 
2023
   
25,355
 
2024
   
22,152
 
Later fiscal years
   
78,507
 
   
 
 
 
Total minimum future rentals
   
268,464
 
         
Summary of Maturities of Lease Liabilities
Maturities of lease liabilities
as of March 31, 2020
are as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Operating leases
 
 
Finance leases
 
2021
   
76,469
     
10,213
 
2022
   
69,606
     
7,323
 
2023
   
55,648
     
5,990
 
2024
   
40,303
     
4,689
 
2025
   
30,664
     
3,163
 
Later fiscal years
   
152,275
     
23,088
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total lease payments
   
424,965
     
54,466
 
Less imputed interest
   
41,187
     
15,383
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
383,778
     
39,083
 
                 
Summary of other information related to leases
Other information related to leases is as follows:
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended
March 31
 
 
2020
 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
   
 
Payments for operating leases, included in cash flows from operating activities
   
71,612
 
Payments for finance leases, included in cash flows from financing activities
   
33,088
 
Right-of-use
assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities
   
124,380
 
v3.20.1
Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis) (Parenthetical) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Net gains from financial instruments for which fair value option has been elected ¥ (12,408) ¥ 85
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 7,771  
Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 188,426 173,964
Marketable securities | Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 2,386  
Marketable securities | Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 34,502 33,391
Securities investments and other | Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign government bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 5,385 4,910
Securities investments and other | Level 2 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Foreign corporate bonds: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities 153,924 140,573
Securities investments and other | Level 3 | Fair Value, Measurements, Recurring | Other: foreign securities for which fair value option has been elected    
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]    
Available-for-sale securities ¥ 193,430 ¥ 185,195
v3.20.1
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - ¥ / shares
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]      
Dividends declared, per share ¥ 45.00 ¥ 35.00 ¥ 27.50
v3.20.1
Fair Value Measurements (Estimated Fair Values by Fair Value Hierarchy Level of Certain Financial Instruments not Reported at Fair Value) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Housing loans in the banking business, Carrying amount ¥ 1,927,054 ¥ 1,685,504
Total assets, Carrying amount 23,039,343 20,981,586
Long-term debt including the current portion, Carrying amount 664,773 740,833
Total liabilities 18,242,041 16,536,095
Estimated fair value    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Housing loans in the banking business, Estimated fair value 2,161,432 1,861,384
Total assets, Estimated fair value 2,161,432 1,861,384
Long-term debt including the current portion, Estimated fair value 699,358 737,529
Investment contracts included in policyholders' account in the life insurance business, Estimated fair value 969,464 877,157
Total liabilities, Estimated fair value 1,668,822 1,614,686
Carrying amount    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Housing loans in the banking business, Carrying amount 1,927,054 1,685,504
Total assets, Carrying amount 1,927,054 1,685,504
Long-term debt including the current portion, Carrying amount 664,773 740,833
Investment contracts included in policyholders' account in the life insurance business, Carrying amount 885,690 816,903
Total liabilities 1,550,463 1,557,736
Level 2 | Estimated fair value    
Fair Value, Balance Sheet Grouping, Financial Statement Captions [Line Items]    
Housing loans in the banking business, Estimated fair value 2,161,432 1,861,384
Total assets, Estimated fair value 2,161,432 1,861,384
Long-term debt including the current portion, Estimated fair value 699,358 737,529
Investment contracts included in policyholders' account in the life insurance business, Estimated fair value 969,464 877,157
Total liabilities, Estimated fair value ¥ 1,668,822 ¥ 1,614,686
v3.20.1
Film Costs (Summary of Film Costs) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Motion picture productions:    
Released ¥ 99,482 ¥ 87,158
Completed and not released 18,776 3,189
In production and development 67,199 130,736
Television productions:    
Released 186,344 144,316
In production and development 25,093 9,147
Broadcasting rights 61,959 70,401
Less: current portion included in inventories (31,517) (35,942)
Film costs ¥ 427,336 ¥ 409,005
v3.20.1
Consolidated Statements of Income - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Sales and operating revenue:      
Revenue ¥ 8,259,885 ¥ 8,665,687 ¥ 8,543,982
Costs and expenses:      
Cost of sales 4,753,174 5,150,750 5,188,259
Selling, general and administrative 1,502,625 1,576,825 1,583,197
Financial services expenses 1,171,875 1,112,446 1,042,163
Other operating (income) expense, net (3,611) (71,568) 4,072
Costs and Expenses, Total 7,424,063 7,768,453 7,817,691
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies 9,637 (2,999) 8,569
Operating income 845,459 894,235 734,860
Other income:      
Interest and dividends 19,278 21,618 19,784
Gain on sale of securities investments, net     1,517
Gain on equity securities, net   118,677  
Other 2,671 4,440 2,427
Other income, Total 21,949 144,735 23,728
Other expenses:      
Interest 11,090 12,467 13,566
Loss on devaluation of securities investments     4,955
Loss on equity securities, net 20,180    
Foreign exchange loss, net 26,789 11,279 30,634
Loss on pension plan amendment 6,358    
Other 3,541 3,576 10,384
Other expenses, Total 67,958 27,322 59,539
Income before income taxes 799,450 1,011,648 699,049
Income taxes:      
Current 172,391 166,748 127,685
Deferred 4,799 (121,650) 24,085
Income tax expense, Total 177,190 45,098 151,770
Net income 622,260 966,550 547,279
Less - Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 40,069 50,279 56,485
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders ¥ 582,191 ¥ 916,271 ¥ 490,794
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders      
- Basic ¥ 471.64 ¥ 723.41 ¥ 388.32
- Diluted ¥ 461.23 ¥ 707.74 ¥ 379.75
Product and Service      
Sales and operating revenue:      
Revenue ¥ 6,856,090 ¥ 7,306,235 ¥ 7,231,613
Financial services revenue      
Sales and operating revenue:      
Revenue 1,299,847 1,274,708 1,221,235
Other Operating Revenue      
Sales and operating revenue:      
Revenue ¥ 103,948 ¥ 84,744 ¥ 91,134
v3.20.1
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Aggregate Amounts of Annual Maturities of Long-Term Debt) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]    
2021 ¥ 29,807  
2022 159,102  
2023 229,617  
2024 81,041  
2025 43,923  
Later fiscal years 121,283  
Total ¥ 664,773 ¥ 740,833
v3.20.1
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (Summary of Derivatives Additional Information Including Notional Amounts) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Foreign exchange forward contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount ¥ 740,464 ¥ 701,880
Fair value 4,361 (304)
Currency option contracts purchased    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 473 53,846
Fair value 7 179
Currency option contracts written    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 460 58,825
Fair value (5) (35)
Currency swap agreements    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 893,874 959,777
Fair value (1,006) (5,564)
Other currency contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 62,080 68,513
Fair value 1,811 2,084
Interest rate swap agreements    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 994,133 339,934
Fair value (16,019) (11,346)
Interest rate swaption agreements    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 18,700 5,300
Fair value (58) (18)
Equity future contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 63,354 58,725
Fair value (871) 308
Equity swap agreements    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 103,409 63,107
Fair value 18,281 ¥ (7,640)
Bond future contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 56,546  
Fair value 16  
Commodity future contracts    
Derivative [Line Items]    
Notional amount 1,465  
Fair value ¥ 0  
v3.20.1
Short-Term Borrowings and Long-Term Debt (Short-Term Borrowings) (Parenthetical) (Detail)
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 2.52%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Debt weighted-average interest rate   2.52%
Unsecured Loans Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.86%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Debt weighted-average interest rate 0.86%  
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.56%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Debt weighted-average interest rate   0.56%
Repurchase agreement, weighted average interest rate 0.93%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Debt weighted-average interest rate 0.93%  
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.18%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Debt weighted-average interest rate   0.18%
Secured Call Money Weighted Average Interest Rate 0.13%    
Short-term Debt [Line Items]    
Debt weighted-average interest rate 0.13%  
v3.20.1
Commitments, contingent liabilities and other (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Aggregate Amounts of Year-by-Year Payment of Purchase Commitments
The schedule of the aggregate amounts of
year-by-year
payment of purchase commitments during the next five fiscal years and thereafter is as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2021
   
378,319
 
2022
   
103,033
 
2023
   
76,541
 
2024
   
49,549
 
2025
   
36,936
 
Later fiscal years
   
40,533
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
684,911
 
         
 
 
Changes in Product Warranty Liability
In addition to the above, Sony also issues contractual product warranties under which it generally guarantees the performance of products delivered and services rendered for a certain period or term. The changes in the product warranty liability for the fiscal years ended
March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
Balance at beginning of the fiscal year
   
57,694
     
44,717
     
33,005
 
Additional liabilities for warranties
   
32,179
     
23,041
     
21,448
 
Settlements (in cash or in kind)
   
(30,570
)    
(26,326
)    
(21,491
)
Changes in estimate for
pre-existing
warranty reserve
   
(16,802
)    
(7,370
)    
(562
)
Translation adjustments
   
2,216
     
(1,057
)    
(593
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at end of the fiscal year
   
44,717
     
33,005
     
31,807
 
                         
 
 
v3.20.1
Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts      
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]      
Balance at beginning of period ¥ 25,440 ¥ 48,663 ¥ 53,150
Beginning adjustment   (25,114)  
Additions 9,006 7,112 45,515
Deductions (6,908) (5,532) (51,302)
Other (1,665) 311 1,300
Balance at end of period 25,873 25,440 48,663
Valuation allowance - Deferred tax assets      
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Disclosure [Line Items]      
Balance at beginning of period 723,114 899,835 1,051,964
Additions 53,245 116,938 70,797
Deductions (161,547) (309,226) (123,597)
Other (6,569) 15,567 (99,329)
Balance at end of period ¥ 608,243 ¥ 723,114 ¥ 899,835
v3.20.1
Business Segment Information (Components of Other Significant Items) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies ¥ 9,637 ¥ (2,999) ¥ 8,569
Depreciation and amortization 416,642 374,026 361,444
Corporate      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortization 27,617 31,049 40,375
Operating Segments      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Depreciation and amortization 389,025 342,977 321,069
Operating Segments | Game & Network Services      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies 0    
Depreciation and amortization 29,135 29,023 29,091
Operating Segments | Music      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies 4,239 (6,915) 4,483
Depreciation and amortization 29,137 21,259 18,230
Operating Segments | Pictures      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies (629) 106 (129)
Depreciation and amortization 21,665 24,081 24,458
Operating Segments | Electronics Products & Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies 136 (38) (102)
Depreciation and amortization 63,291 61,749 64,279
Operating Segments | Imaging & Sensing Solutions      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies 0    
Depreciation and amortization 134,035 110,746 99,258
Operating Segments | Financial Services      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies (104) (682) (61)
Depreciation and amortization 106,667 91,179 79,843
Operating Segments | All Other      
Segment Reporting, Other Significant Reconciling Item [Line Items]      
Equity in net income (loss) of affiliated companies 5,995 4,530 4,378
Depreciation and amortization ¥ 5,095 ¥ 4,940 ¥ 5,910
v3.20.1
Stockholders' equity
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Equity [Abstract]  
Stockholders' equity
16.
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
(1)
Common stock
Changes in the number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 have resulted from the following:
         
 
Number of shares
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
1,263,763,660
 
Issuance of new shares
   
218,000
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
2,565,700
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
4,789
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
1,266,552,149
 
Issuance of new shares
   
149,900
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
4,525,300
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
2,992
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
1,271,230,341
 
   
 
 
 
Issuance of new shares
   
184,900
 
Exercise of stock acquisition rights
   
2,294,900
 
Conversion of convertible bonds
   
86,040
 
Cancellation of treasury stock
   
(12,737,400
)
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
1,261,058,781
 
         
 
 
 
At March 31, 2020, 36,802,040 shares of common stock would be issued upon the conversion or exercise of all convertible bonds and stock acquisition rights outstanding.
Conversions of convertible bonds into common stock are accounted for in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act of Japan (
Kaishaho
) and related regulations (collectively the “Companies Act”) by crediting approximately
one-half
of the conversion proceeds to the common stock account and the remainder to the additional
paid-in
capital account.
Sony Corporation may purchase its own shares at any time by a resolution of the Board of Directors up to the retained earnings available for dividends to shareholders, in accordance with the Companies Act.
Sony Corporation’s
Board of Directors resolved and authorized the repurchase of shares of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on February 8, 2019. During the year ended March 31, 2019, Sony
Corporation
 
repurchased
19,309,100 shares of its common stock for an amount of 100,000 million yen under the above resolution.
Sony Corporation’s
 Board of Directors resolved and authorized the repurchase of shares of its own common stock pursuant to the Companies Act at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on May 16, 2019. During the year ended March 31, 2020, Sony
Corporation
 
repurchased 33,059,200 shares of its common stock for an amount of 199,999 million yen under the above resolution.
Based on the resolution of Sony
 
Corporation
’s Representative Corporate Executive Officer delegated by the Board of Directors, Sony Corporation canceled 12,737,400 shares of its common stock held as treasury stock on March 26, 2020.
(2)
Retained earnings
 
 
 
 
 
 
The amount of statutory retained earnings of Sony Corporation available for dividends to shareholders as of March 31, 2020 was 683,084 million yen.
The appropriation of retained earnings for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020, including cash dividends for the six-month period ended March 31, 2020, has been incorporated in the consolidated financial statements. This appropriation of retained earnings was approved by the written resolution of the Board of Directors of Sony Corporation as of May 13, 2020 and was then recorded in the statutory books of account, in accordance with the Companies Act.
Retained earnings include Sony’s equity in undistributed earnings of affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method in the amount of 46,477 million yen and 61,226 million yen at March 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively.
(3)
Other comprehensive income
Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by component for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
126,635
     
(58
)    
(308,736
)    
(436,610
)    
(618,769
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
2,013
     
(2,295
)    
1,779
     
(4,480
)    
(2,983
)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other
comprehensive income
*
   
(943
)    
1,111
     
10,611
     
(1,855
)    
8,924
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
1,070
     
(1,184
)    
12,390
     
(6,335
)    
5,941
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
1,514
     
     
98
     
2,306
     
3,918
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
126,191
     
(1,242
)    
(296,444
)    
(445,251
)    
(616,746
)
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
Adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
126,191
     
(1,242
)    
(296,444
)    
(445,251
)    
(616,746
)
Cumulative effect of
ASU2016-01
   
(15,526
)    
     
     
     
(15,526
)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
33,124
     
2,316
     
(23,448
)    
10,071
     
22,063
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income
*
   
161
     
(1,093
)    
9,488
     
(1,627
)    
6,929
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
33,285
     
1,223
     
(13,960
)    
8,444
     
28,992
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
8,915
     
     
53
     
(1,578
)    
7,390
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
135,035
     
(19
)    
(310,457
)    
(435,229
)    
(610,670
)
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on securities
 
 
Unrealized
gains (losses)
on derivative
instruments
 
 
Pension
liability
adjustment
 
 
Foreign
currency
translation
adjustments
 
 
Debt
valuation
adjustments
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
135,035
     
(19
)    
(310,457
)    
(435,229
)    
     
(610,670
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
   
40,334
     
1,193
     
(17,519
)    
(75,814
)    
3,032
     
(48,774
)
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other
comprehensive income
*
   
56
     
74
     
92,490
     
(74
   
     
92,546
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive income
   
40,390
     
1,267
     
74,971
     
(75,888
)    
3,032
     
43,772
 
Less: Other comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests
   
14,234
     
     
34
     
(1,245
)    
1,059
     
14,082
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
161,191
     
1,248
     
(235,520
)    
(509,872
)    
1,973
     
(580,980
)
                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* Foreign currency translation adjustments were transferred from accumulated other comprehensive income to net income as a result of a complete or substantially complete liquidation or sale of certain foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                             
 
Yen in millions
   
Comprehensive income components
 
Amounts reclassified from
accumulated other
comprehensive income
   
Affected line items in consolidated
statements of income
 
2018
 
 
2019
 
 
2020
 
 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities
   
(646
)    
235
     
82
   
Financial services revenue
   
(561
)    
     
   
Gain on sale of securities investments, net
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total before tax
   
(1,207
)    
235
     
82
   
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
264
     
(74
)    
(26
)  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
(943
)    
161
     
56
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
   
Cost of sales
   
     
     
106
   
Net sales
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total before tax
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
106
   
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
     
     
(32
)
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
1,111
     
(1,093
)    
74
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Pension liability adjustment
   
11,034
     
9,891
     
92,514
   
*
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
(423
)    
(403
)    
(24
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
10,611
     
9,488
     
92,490
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Foreign currency translation adjustments
   
(1,855
)    
(1,627
)    
(74
)  
Foreign exchange loss, net and other operating (income) expense, net
Tax expense or (benefit)
   
     
     
   
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Net of tax
   
(1,855
)    
(1,627
)    
(74
)  
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
     
Total amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax
   
8,924
     
6,929
     
92,546
   
                             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
* The amortization of pension and postretirement benefit components
is
included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. Refer to Note 15.
 
 
 
(4)
Equity transactions with noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 were as follows:
                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31
 
 
      2018      
 
 
      2019      
 
 
      2020      
 
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders
   
490,794
     
916,271
     
582,191
 
Transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests:
   
     
     
 
Increase (decrease) in additional
paid-in
capital for purchase of additional shares in consolidated subsidiaries
   
(74
)    
(22,775
)    
16,372
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Change from net income attributable to Sony Corporation’s stockholders and transfers (to) from the noncontrolling interests
   
490,720
     
893,496
     
598,563
 
                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, Sony acquired from the Estate of Michael Jackson (the “Estate”) the 25.1% interest in Nile Acquisition LLC (“Nile”) held by the Estate. A total of 287.5 million U.S.
dollars was paid to the Estate for the acquisition. The difference between the cash consideration paid and the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as a decrease to additional
paid-in
capital of 295.9 million U.S. dollars. As a result of the acquisition, Nile became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony.
On November 18, 2019, Sony, through a wholly-owned subsidiary in the Pictures segment, acquired AT&T Inc.’s (“AT&T”) 42% equity interest in Game Show Network, LLC (“Game Show Network”), a U.S.-based media network subsidiary. As a result of this acquisition, Game Show Network has become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sony. Sony paid 53,992 million yen (496 million U.S. dollars) to AT&T, including 129 million U.S. dollars of dividends Sony distributed to AT&T prior to the acquisition. The difference between the cash paid and the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interests was recognized as an increase to additional
paid-in
capital.
v3.20.1
Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Banking and Thrift [Abstract]  
Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business
12.
Housing loans and deposits from customers in the banking business
 
 
 
 
 
(1)
Housing loans in the banking business
 
 
 
 
 
Sony acquires and holds certain financial receivables in the normal course of business. The majority of financing receivables held by Sony consists of housing loans in the banking business and no other significant financial receivables exist.
A subsidiary in the banking business monitors the credit quality of housing loans based on the classification set by the financial conditions and the past due status of individual obligors. Past due status is monitored on a daily basis and the aforementioned classification is reviewed on a quarterly basis.
The allowance for the credit losses is established based on the aforementioned classifications and the evaluation of collateral. The amount of housing loans in the banking business and the corresponding allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2019 were 1,685,504 million yen and 829 million yen, respectively, and as of March 31, 2020 were 1,927,054 million yen and 780 million yen, respectively. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2019 and 2020, charge-offs on housing loans in the banking business and changes in the allowance for credit losses were not significant.
The balance of housing loans placed on nonaccrual status or past due status were not significant as of March 31, 2019 and 2020.
(2)
Deposits from customers in the banking business
 
 
 
 
 
All deposits from customers in the banking business within the Financial Services segment are interest bearing deposits. At March 31, 2019 and 2020, the balances of time deposits issued in amounts of 10 million yen or more were 292,968 million yen and 306,449 million yen, respectively. These amounts have been classified as current liabilities mainly due to the ability of the customers to make withdrawals prior to maturity.
At March 31, 2020, aggregate amounts of annual maturities of time deposits with a remaining term of more than one year are as follows:
         
Fiscal year ending March 31
 
Yen in millions
 
2022
   
39,145
 
2023
   
16,102
 
2024
   
10,513
 
2025
   
3,238
 
2026
   
2,190
 
Later fiscal years
   
12,823
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
84,011
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
v3.20.1
Restructuring charges
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
Restructuring charges
20.
Restructuring charges
 
 
 
 
 
 
As part of its effort to improve the performance of the various businesses, Sony has undertaken a number of restructuring initiatives. Sony defines restructuring initiatives as activities initiated by Sony, which are designed
to generate a positive impact on future profitability. These activities include exiting a business or product category, implementing a headcount reduction program, realignment of its manufacturing sites to
low-cost
areas, utilizing the services of third-party original equipment and design manufacturers (OEMs and ODMs), a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions. The restructuring activities are generally short term in nature and are generally completed within one year of initiation.
The changes in the accrued restructuring charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                 
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Non-cash

write-downs
and disposals,
net
*
 
 
Other
associated
costs
 
 
Total
 
Balance at March 31, 2017
   
11,634
     
     
9,167
     
20,801
 
Restructuring costs
   
18,999
     
2,233
     
1,147
     
22,379
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(2,233
)    
     
(2,233
)
Cash payments
   
(9,950
)    
     
(6,352
)    
(16,302
)
Adjustments
   
(1,197
)    
     
226
     
(971
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2018
   
19,486
     
     
4,188
     
23,674
 
Restructuring costs
   
24,449
     
2,731
     
5,825
     
33,005
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(2,731
)    
     
(2,731
)
Cash payments
   
(19,150
)    
     
(2,555
)    
(21,705
)
Adjustments
   
955
     
     
(357
)    
598
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2019
   
25,740
     
     
7,101
     
32,841
 
Restructuring costs
   
22,957
     
100
     
1,653
     
24,710
 
Non-cash
charges
   
     
(100
)    
     
(100
)
Cash payments
   
(23,385
)    
     
(6,703
)    
(30,088
)
Adjustments
   
(674
)    
     
(131
)    
(805
)
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Balance at March 31, 2020
   
24,638
     
     
1,920
     
26,558
 
                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Significant asset impairments excluded from restructuring charges are described in Note 13.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total costs incurred in connection with these restructuring programs by segment for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020 are as follows:
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
6,358
     
272
     
6,630
     
     
6,630
 
Pictures
   
2,922
     
     
2,922
     
     
2,922
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
3,384
     
118
     
3,502
     
0
     
3,502
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
28
     
     
28
     
     
28
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
6,307
     
2,990
     
9,297
     
26
     
9,323
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
18,999
     
3,380
     
22,379
     
26
     
22,405
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2019
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
2,991
     
201
     
3,192
     
     
3,192
 
Pictures
   
4,795
     
     
4,795
     
     
4,795
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
11,437
     
4,574
     
16,011
     
86
     
16,097
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
     
     
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
5,226
     
3,781
     
9,007
     
     
9,007
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
24,449
     
8,556
     
33,005
     
86
     
33,091
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                         
 
Yen in millions
 
 
Fiscal year ended March 31, 2020
 
 
Employee
termination
benefits
 
 
Other
associated
costs
*
 
 
Total net
restructuring
charges
 
 
Depreciation
associated with
restructured
assets
 
 
Total
 
Game & Network Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
Music
   
3,179
     
6
     
3,185
     
     
3,185
 
Pictures
   
545
     
     
545
     
     
545
 
Electronics Products & Solutions
   
14,500
     
227
     
14,727
     
     
14,727
 
Imaging & Sensing Solutions
   
     
     
     
     
 
Financial Services
   
     
     
     
     
 
All Other and Corporate
   
4,733
     
1,520
     
6,253
     
256
     
6,509
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
Total
   
22,957
     
1,753
     
24,710
     
256
     
24,966
 
                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  * Other associated costs includes
non-cash
write-downs and disposals, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation associated with restructured assets as used in the context of the disclosures regarding restructuring activities refers to the increase in depreciation expense caused by revising the useful life and the salvage value of depreciable fixed assets under an approved restructuring plan. Any impairment of the assets is recognized immediately in the period it is identified.
Retirement programs
Sony has undergone several headcount reduction programs to further reduce operating costs primarily in an effort to improve the performance of certain segments related to the EP&S segment and reduce cost at the headquarters function. Through measures including the realignment of its manufacturing sites, a review of its development and design structure, and the streamlining of its sales and administrative functions, Sony has continued to implement a company-wide (including headquarters) rationalization. Sony intends to reallocate and optimize its workforce through programs including work reassignments and outplacements. The employee termination benefits costs in the above table are included in selling, general and administrative in the consolidated statements of income.
Music
In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Music segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 6,630 million yen, 3,192 million yen and 3,185 million yen for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020
,
respectively.
Pictures
In an effort to optimize the organization and improve the performance of the Pictures segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting operating effectiveness and cost reduction. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of headcount reductions totaling 4,795 million yen for the fiscal year ended March 31
,
201
9
.
There were no significant charges for the Pictures segment during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2020.
EP&S
In an effort to improve the performance of each business, mainly the smartphone business in the EP&S segment, Sony has implemented a number of restructuring initiatives targeting profitability improvement. These activities resulted in restructuring charges primarily consisting of the closure and consolidation of manufacturing sites as well as sales offices overseas totaling 16,011 million yen and 14,727 million yen for the fiscal year
s
ended March 31, 2019 and 2020
,
respectively.
v3.20.1
Income Taxes (Reconciliation of Statutory Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate) (Detail)
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate [Line Items]      
Statutory tax rate 31.50% 31.50% 31.50%
Non-deductible expenses 0.30% 0.70% 0.80%
Income tax credits (1.70%) (1.60%) (0.60%)
Change in statutory tax rate and law (0.40%) (0.30%) (1.20%)
Change in valuation allowances (other than the 2019 reversal of Sony Americas Holding Inc. ("SAHI") and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group below) (8.10%) 2.30% (5.20%)
The 2019 reversal of valuation allowances of SAHI and its U.S. consolidated tax filing group   (15.30%)  
Change in deferred tax liabilities on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and corporate joint ventures 0.20% (0.10%) (0.80%)
Lower tax rate applied to life and non-life insurance business in Japan (0.60%) (0.50%) (0.80%)
Foreign income tax differential (2.40%) (6.40%) (2.60%)
Adjustments to tax reserves 0.90% (0.30%) (0.80%)
Effect of equity in net income of affiliated companies 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
The remeasurement gain for the equity interest in EMI   (2.40%)  
Japan controlled foreign company taxation 5.30% 0.00%  
Other (2.80%) (3.10%) 1.40%
Effective income tax rate 22.20% 4.50% 21.70%
v3.20.1
Reconciliation of the Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS (Reconciliation of the Differences between Basic and Diluted EPS) (Detail) - JPY (¥)
¥ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, ¥ in Millions
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Mar. 31, 2019
Mar. 31, 2018
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]      
Net income attributable to Sony Corporation's stockholders for basic and diluted EPS computation ¥ 582,191 ¥ 916,271 ¥ 490,794
Weighted-average shares outstanding 1,234,408 1,266,592 1,263,895
Effect of dilutive securities:      
Stock acquisition rights 3,853 4,088 4,565
Zero coupon convertible bonds 23,994 23,966 23,960
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS computation 1,262,255 1,294,646 1,292,420
Basic EPS ¥ 471.64 ¥ 723.41 ¥ 388.32
Diluted EPS ¥ 461.23 ¥ 707.74 ¥ 379.75