UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to________

Commission File No. 001-34449

PLANET GREEN HOLDINGS CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Suite 200, 9841 Washingtonian Blvd
Gaithersburg, MD 20878
(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

(202) 891-8907
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☐ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock as of June 25, 2020 was 9,227,765.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The registrant is relying on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Order under Section 36 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Modifying Exemptions from the Reporting and Proxy Delivery Requirements for Public Companies (Release No. 34-88465 dated March 25, 2020), which concerns exemptions from certain filing deadlines in light of COVID-19. The registrant could not file this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020 on a timely basis because the outbreak of COVID-19 in China and restrictions on travel and operations, which included, among others, finance team were unable to complete the preparation of the registrant’s consolidated financial statements for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2020, caused delays in completing the required work.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performances or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to the factors described in the section captioned “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “would” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this report. You should read this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Use of Certain Defined Terms

Except where the context otherwise requires and for the purposes of this report only:

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

PLANET GREEN HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

MARCH 31, 2020 AND DECEMBER 31, 2019

(Stated in US Dollars)

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

PLANET GREEN HOLDINGS CORP.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY/(DEFICIENCY)

FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 AND 2019

(Stated in US Dollars)

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

See Accompanying Notes to the Financial Statements

Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Company” or “PLAG”), a Nevada corporation, engages in the businesses of (i) growing, developing, manufacturing, and marketing fresh foods, spices, convenience foods and tea products through its subsidiaries and VIEs in China and (ii) operating a demand side platform targeting the Chinese education market in North America.

Method of accounting

Management has prepared the accompanying financial statements and these notes in accordance to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). The Company maintains its general ledger and journals with the accrual method accounting.

Principles of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the Company, and its subsidiaries, which are listed below:

Management has eliminated all significant inter-company balances and transactions in preparing the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Ownership interests of subsidiaries that the Company does not wholly-own are accounted for as non-controlling interests.

On May 18, 2018, the Company incorporated Planet Green Holdings Corporation, a limited company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. On September 27, 2018, the Company acquired Lucky Sky HK and Shanghai Xunyang, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise incorporated in Shanghai, China. The formation and acquisition of these companies was to implement the Company’s restructuring plans.

On August 12, 2019, through Lucky Sky HK, the Company established Lucky Sky Petrochemical, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise incorporated in Xianning City, Hubei Province, China.

On December 20, 2019, the Company sold 100% of equity interest in Shanghai Xunyang.

On June 5, 2020, the Company acquired all of the outstanding equity interests of Fast Approach, a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada and in the business of operation of a demand side platform targeting the Chinese education market in North America.  

Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities

VIEs are entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision-making ability. Any VIE with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. Management makes ongoing reassessments of whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of its VIEs.

On September 27, 2018, through Shanghai Xunyang Internet Technology Co. Ltd. (“Shanghai Xunyang”), the Company entered into exclusive arrangements with Beijing Lorain Co., Ltd., Luotian Lorain Co., Ltd., Shandong Greenpia Foodstuff Co., Ltd., Taishan Muren Agriculture Co. Ltd. (“Taishan Muren”) and Lorain Foodstuff (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. (“Shenzhen Lorain”) and its shareholders that give the Company the ability to substantially influence Shenzhen Lorain’s daily operations and financial affairs and appoint its senior executives. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of these companies and it consolidates its accounts as a VIE.

On May 9, 2019, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Xianning Bozhuang Tea Products Co., Ltd. (“Xianning Bozhuang”), a company incorporated in China engaging in the sale of tea products, and its shareholders (“Bozhuang Shareholders”). Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,080,000 shares of its common stock to the Bozhuang Shareholders, in exchange for Bozhuang Shareholders’ agreement to enter into, and their agreement to cause Xianning Bozhuang to enter into, certain VIE Agreements with Shanghai Xunyang, through which Shanghai Xunyang shall have the right to control, manage and operate Xianning Bozhuang in return for a service fee approximately equal to 100% of Xianning Bozhuang’s net income (“Bozhuang Acquisition”). On May 14, 2019, Shanghai Xunyang entered into a series of VIE Agreements with Xianning Bozhuang and Bozhuang Shareholders. The VIE Agreements are designed to provide Shanghai Xunyang with the power, rights and obligations equivalent in all material respects to those it would possess as the sole equity holder of Xianning Bozhuang, including absolute rights to control the management, operations, assets, property and revenue of Xianning Bozhuang. The Bozhuang Acquisition closed on May 14, 2019. Starting on May 14, 2019, the Company’s business activities added the production line of green tea and black tea and sales of tea products, of which business activities are carried out in Xianning City, Huibei Province, China. The Company consolidated Xianning Bozhuang’s accounts as its VIE.

Planet Green Holdings Corp.

Notes to Financial Statements

On December 20, 2019, through Lucky Sky Petrochemical Technology (Xianning) Co., Ltd. (“WFOE”), the Company entered into exclusive VIE agreements with Taishan Muren, Xianning Bozhuang and Shenzhen Lorain and their shareholders that give the Company the ability to substantially influence those companies’ daily operations and financial affairs and appoint their senior executives. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of these operating companies and it consolidates their accounts as VIEs. The VIE agreements are described in detail below:

Consultation and Service Agreement

Pursuant to the Consultation and Service Agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to provide consultation and services to the operating entities in China in the area of business management, human resource, technology and intellectual property rights. WFOE exclusively owns any intellectual property rights arising from the performance of this Consultation and Service Agreement. The amount of service fees and payment term can be amended by the WFOE and operating companies’ consultation and the implementation. The term of the Consultation and Service Agreement is 20 years. WFOE may terminate this agreement at any time by giving 30 day’s prior written notice.

Business Cooperation Agreement

Pursuant to the Business Cooperation Agreement, WFOE has the exclusive right to provide complete technical support, business support and related consulting services, including but not limited to technical services, business consultations, equipment or property leasing, marketing consultancy, system integration, product research and development, and system maintenance. WFOE exclusively owns any intellectual property rights arising from the performance of this Business Cooperation Agreement. The rate of service fees may be adjusted based on the services rendered by WFOE in that month and the operational needs of the operating entities. The Business Cooperation Agreement shall maintain effective unless it was terminated or was compelled to terminate under applicable PRC laws and regulations. WFOE may terminate this Business Cooperation Agreement at any time by giving 30 day’s prior written notice.

Equity Pledge Agreements

Pursuant to the Equity Pledge Agreements among WFOE, operating entities and each of operating entities’ shareholder, shareholders of the operating entities pledge all of their equity interests in the operating entities to WFOE to guarantee their performance of relevant obligations and indebtedness under the Technical Consultation and Service Agreement and other control agreements. In addition, shareholders of the operating entities are in the process of registering the equity pledge with the competent local authority.

Equity Option Agreements

Pursuant to the Equity Option Agreements, WFOE has the exclusive right to require each shareholder of the operating companies to fulfill and complete all approval and registration procedures required under PRC laws for WFOE to purchase, or designate one or more persons to purchase, each shareholder’s equity interests in the operating companies, once or at multiple times at any time in part or in whole at WFOE’s sole and absolute discretion. The purchase price shall be the lowest price allowed by PRC laws. The Equity Option Agreements shall remain effective until all the equity interest owned by each operating entities shareholder has been legally transferred to WFOE or its designee(s).

Voting Rights Proxy Agreements

Pursuant to the Voting Rights Proxy Agreements, each shareholder irrevocably appointed WFOE or WFOE’s designee to exercise all his or her rights as the shareholders of the operating entities under the Articles of Association of each operating entity, including but not limited to the power to exercise all shareholder’s voting rights with respect to all matters to be discussed and voted in the shareholders’ meeting. The term of each Voting Rights Proxy Agreement is 20 years. WOFE has the right to extend each Voting Proxy Agreement by giving written notification.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Investment securities

The Company classifies securities it holds for investment purposes into trading or available-for-sale. Trading securities are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term. All securities not included in trading securities are classified as available-for-sale.

Trading and available-for-sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized holding gains and losses on trading securities are included in the net income. Unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related tax effect, on available for sale securities are excluded from net income and are reported as a separate component of other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities are determined on a specific-identification basis.

A decline in the market value of any available-for-sale security below cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary results in a reduction in carrying amount to fair value. The impairment is charged as an expense to the statement of income and comprehensive income and a new cost basis for the security is established. To determine whether impairment is other-than-temporary, the Company considers whether it has the ability and intent to hold the investment until a market price recovery and considers whether evidence indicating the cost of the investment is recoverable outweighs evidence to the contrary. Evidence considered in this assessment includes the reasons for the impairment, the severity and duration of the impairment, changes in value subsequent to year end, and forecasted performance of the investee.

Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related available-for-sale security as an adjustment to yield using the effective-interest method. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.

Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recognized and carried at the original invoice amount less allowance for any uncollectible amounts. An estimate for doubtful accounts is made when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. Bad debts are written off as incurred.

Inventories

Inventories consist of raw materials and finished goods which are stated at the lower of cost or market value. Finished goods are comprised of direct materials, direct labor, inbound shipping costs, and allocated overhead. The Company applies the weighted average cost method to its inventory.

Advances and prepayments to suppliers

The Company makes advance payment to suppliers and vendors for the procurement of raw materials. Upon physical receipt and inspection of the raw materials from suppliers the applicable amount is reclassified from advances and prepayments to suppliers to inventory.

Plant and equipment

Plant and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. The Company typically applies a salvage value of 0% to 10%. The estimated useful lives of the plant and equipment are as follows:

The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the accounts, and any gain or loss are included in the Company’s results of operations. The costs of maintenance and repairs are recognized to expenses as incurred; significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is provided over their useful lives, using the straight-line method. The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows: 

Construction in progress and prepayments for equipment

Construction in progress and prepayments for equipment represent direct and indirect acquisition and construction costs for plants, and costs of acquisition and installation of related equipment. Amounts classified as construction in progress and prepayments for equipment are transferred to plant and equipment when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. Depreciation is not provided for assets classified in this account.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in a business combination. The Company conducts an annual assessment of its goodwill for impairment. If the carrying value of its goodwill exceeds its fair value, then impairment has incurred; accordingly, a charge to the Company’s results of operations will be recognized during the period. Fair value is generally determined using a discounted expected future cash flow analysis.

Accounting for the impairment of long-lived assets

The Company annually reviews its long-lived assets for impairment or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. Impairment may be the result of becoming obsolete from a change in the industry, introduction of new technologies, or if the Company has inadequate working capital to utilize the long-lived assets to generate the adequate profits. Impairment is present if the carrying amount of an asset is less than its expected future undiscounted cash flows.

If an asset is considered impaired, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset. Assets to be disposed are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Statutory reserves

Statutory reserves are referring to the amount appropriated from the net income in accordance with laws or regulations, which can be used to recover losses and increase capital, as approved, and are to be used to expand production or operations. PRC laws prescribe that an enterprise operating at a profit must appropriate and reserve, on an annual basis, an amount equal to 10% of its profit. Such an appropriation is necessary until the reserve reaches a maximum that is equal to 50% of the enterprise’s PRC registered capital.

Foreign currency translation

The accompanying financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currencies of the Company are the Renminbi (“RMB”). The Company’s assets and liabilities are translated into United States dollars from RMB at year-end exchange rates, and its revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate during the period. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies and all foreign exchange transactions must be conducted through authorized financial institutions.

Revenue recognition

The Company adopted ASC 606 “Revenue Recognition”, and recognizes revenue when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.

The Company derives its revenues from the sale of fresh foods, spices, convenience foods and tea products. The Company applies the following five steps in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfils its obligations under each of its agreements:

Advertising

All advertising costs are expensed as incurred.

Shipping and handling

All outbound shipping and handling costs are expensed as incurred.

Research and development

All research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Retirement benefits

Retirement benefits in the form of mandatory government sponsored defined contribution plans are charged to the either expenses as incurred or allocated to inventory as part of overhead.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach and allows for recognition of deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future realization is uncertain.

Comprehensive income

The Company uses Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC Topic 220, “Reporting Comprehensive Income.” Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except the changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders due to investments by stockholders.

Earnings per share

The Company computes earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC Topic 260, “Earnings per share”. Basic EPS is measured as the income or loss available to common shareholders divided by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS presents the dilutive effect on a per share basis from the potential conversion of convertible securities or the exercise of options and or warrants; the dilutive effects of potentially convertible securities are calculated using the as-if method; the potentially dilutive effect of options or warrants are calculated using the treasury stock method. Securities that are potentially an anti-dilutive effect (i.e. those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.

Financial instruments

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, accounts and other receivables, accounts and other payables, accrued liabilities and short-term debt, have carrying amounts that approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value of financial instruments held by the Company. ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines fair value, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their fair values because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815.

Commitments and contingencies

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines and penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.

Unaudited interim financial information

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial reporting and the rules and regulations of the SEC that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. Therefore, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020.

The consolidated balance sheets and certain comparative information as of December 31, 2019 are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2019 (“2019 Annual Financial Statements”), included in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the 2019 Annual Financial Statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. The amendments in this Update affect any entity that is required to apply the provisions of Topic 220, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income, and has items of other comprehensive income for which the related tax effects are presented in other comprehensive income as required by GAAP. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments in this Update is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, (1) for public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued and (2) for all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. The amendments in this Update should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period (or periods) in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company does not believe the adoption of this ASU would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), – Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement,” which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The amendments in this update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements based on the concepts in FASB Concepts Statement, Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting—Chapter 8: Notes to Financial Statements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe the adoption of this ASU would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

The Company is evaluating the timing and the impact of the aforesaid guidance on the financial statements.

Restricted cash represents interest bearing deposits placed with banks to secure banking facilities in the form of loans and notes payable. The funds are restricted from immediate use and are designated for settlement of loans or notes when they become due.

The Company extends credit terms of 15 to 60 days to the majority of its domestic customers, which include third-party distributors, supermarkets and wholesalers.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, inventories consisted of the following:

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, property, plant, and equipment consisted of the following:

Depreciation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $132,554 and $109,528, respectively.

Land use rights: The land use rights of a parcel of industrial land of 31,585 square meters was obtained on April 15, 2019 with a consideration of $750,224. The land is located at Xianning City, Hubei Province, China with the land use right valid until June 12, 2068.

Trademark: A tea brand trademark was obtained on March 28, 2014 with a consideration of $895,187. The trademark was registered with the China National Intellectual Property Administration under registration number of 16964992A.

Amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 was $34,276 and $0, respectively.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, short-term bank loans consisted of the following:

The short-term loans, which are denominated in RMB, were primarily obtained for general working capital purpose. $133,953 was secured by Yongjun Huang’s bank certificate of deposit. Yonjun Huang is the President of Taishan Muren. $69,977 is from the line of credit of China Construction Bank, Taishan Branch.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the outstanding balance due to related parties was $26,225 and $2,027,729, respectively.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the outstanding balance due to Mr. Bin Zhou, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Company was $Nil and $2,003,390, respectively. Both are advances for working capital of the Company, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the outstanding balance due to Mr. Yong Jun Huang, the President of Taishan Muren, was $18,886 and $16,885, respectively. Both are advances for working capital of the Company, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the outstanding balance due to Mr. Ming Yue Cai, the President of Shenzhen Lorain, was $7,339 and $7,454, respectively. Both are advances for working capital of the Company, non-interest bearing, and unsecured, unless further disclosed.

On February 10, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mengru Xu and Zhichao Du, pursuant to which Ms. Xu and Mr. Du agreed to invest an aggregate of $3.51 million in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 1,350,000 shares of common stock, representing a purchase price of approximately $2.60 per share. On February 28, 2020, the Company closed the transaction. 

All of the Company’s continuing operations are located in the PRC. The corporate income tax rate in the PRC is 25%.

The following tables provide the reconciliation of the differences between the statutory and effective tax expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

Per Share Effect of Tax Exemption

The difference between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate was as follows for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019:

Components of basic and diluted earnings per share were as follows:

 During the year ended December 31, 2016, Taishan Muren entered into one operating lease agreement leasing one plot of land where biological assets are grown, one building, and farming facilities. During the year ended December 31, 2017, Taishan Muren entered into two operating lease agreements leasing three additional plots of land where biological assets are grown and two buildings. During the year ended December 31, 2018, Taishan Muren entered into two operating lease agreements for two buildings.

As of the date of this report, the leases of the Company are as follows:

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, “Leases” (Topic 842), and elected the package of practical expedients that does not require us to reassess: (1) whether any expired or existing contracts are, or contain, leases, (2) lease classification for any expired or existing leases and (3) initial direct costs for any expired or existing leases. The Company adopted the practical expedient that allows lessees to treat the lease and non-lease components of a lease as a single lease component. The impact of the adoption on January 1, 2019 increased the right-of-uses and lease liabilities by approximately $421,382.

Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, the Company recognized lease labilities of approximately $421,382, with corresponding right-of-use assets of the same amount based on the present value of the future minimum rental payments of the new lease, using an effective interest rate of 5.0025%, which is determined using an incremental borrowing rate.

The weighted average remaining lease term of its existing leases is 13.5 years.

The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, rent expenses amounted to $ 11,091 and $11,549, respectively.

The thirteen-year maturity of the Company’s lease obligations is presented below:

Other expenses consisted of the following:

The Company donated RMB 1,000,000 ($143,287) to the local non-profit organization for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in local community.

The Company’s deposits are made with banks located in the PRC. They do not carry federal deposit insurance and may be subject to loss of the banks become insolvent.

Since the Company’s inception, the age of account receivables has been less than one year indicating that the Company is subject to minimal risk borne from credit extended to customers.

The Company is subject to interest rate risk when short term loans become due and require refinancing.

The Company’s operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations may be influenced by changes in the political, economic, and legal environments in the PRC.

The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in the PRC, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

The Company has procured environmental licenses required by the PRC government. The Company has both a water treatment facility for water used in its production process and secure transportation to remove waste off site. In the event of an accident, the Company has purchased insurance to cover potential damage to employees, equipment, and local environment.

Management of the Company monitors changes in prices levels. Historically inflation has not materially impacted the Company’s financial statements; however, significant increases in the price of raw materials and labor that cannot be passed to the Company’s customers could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations.

On May 18, 2020, Hongxiang Yu resigned as a director of the Company and the Board of Directors of the Company appointed Lili Hu, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company, to serve as a member of the Board, effective immediately.

On June 5, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,800,000 shares of its common stock to acquire all of the outstanding equity interest of Fast Approach Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada and in the business of operating a demand side platform targeting the Chinese education market in North America.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OVERVIEW

Overview

We are headquartered in Gaithersburg, MD. After a series of acquisitions and dispositions in 2018 and 2019, our primary business, which is carried out by Taishan Muren and Xianning Bozhuang, is:

Recent Development

Acquisition of Fast Approach

On June 5, 2020, we issued an aggregate of 1,800,000 shares of our common stock to acquire all of the outstanding equity interest of Fast Approach Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada and in the business of operating a demand side platform targeting the Chinese education market in North America.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update

Recently, there is an ongoing outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) first identified in China and has since spread rapidly globally. The pandemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and business facilities globally for the past few months. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 as a pandemic. Given the rapidly expanding nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and because substantially all of our business operations and our workforce are concentrated in China, our business, results of operations and financial condition have been and will continue to be adversely affected. Potential impact to our results of operations will also depend on future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 and the actions taken by government authorities and other entities to contain the COVID-19 or mitigate its impact, almost all of which are beyond our control.

The impacts of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition, and results of operations include, but are not limited to, the following:

A prolonged disruption or any further unforeseen delay in our operations of the manufacturing, delivery and assembly process within any of our production facilities could continue to result in delays in the shipment of products to our customers, increased costs and reduced revenue.

We cannot foresee whether the outbreak of COVID-19 will be effectively contained, nor can we predict the severity and duration of its impact. If the outbreak of COVID-19 is not effectively and timely controlled, our business operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected as a result of the deteriorating market outlook, the slowdown in regional and national economic growth, weakened liquidity and financial condition of our customers or other factors that we cannot foresee. Any of these factors and other factors beyond our control could have an adverse effect on the overall business environment, cause uncertainties in the regions where we conduct business, cause our business to suffer in ways that we cannot predict and materially and adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 Compared to Three Months Ended March 31, 2019

The following table summarizes the results of our operations during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) from the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

(All amounts, other than percentages, stated in thousands of U.S. dollars)

Revenue

Net Revenues. Our net revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2020 amounted to $0.84 million, which represents a decrease of approximately $0.24 million, or 23%, from $1.08 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease was mainly due to a reduction in demand of our products caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cost of Revenues. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we experienced an increase in cost of revenue of $0.07 million or 9%, in comparison to the three months ended March 31, 2019, from approximately $0.78 million to $0.85 million. This increase was mainly due to an increase in the cost of the raw materials caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Gross Profit. Our gross profit decreased by $0.32 million, or 106%, to negative $0.02 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $0.30 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This decrease was mainly due to the reasons mentioned above.

Operating Expenses

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Our selling and marketing expenses increased by $0.008 million, or 100%, to $0.008 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was mainly due to our effort to expand our business.

General and Administrative Expenses. We experienced an increase in general and administrative expense of $0.19 million from $0.24 million to approximately $0.42 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This cost increase was mainly due to the increase in intermediary service fees. 

Net Income

Our net income decreased by $0.59 million or 7,463%, to $0.60 million net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020 from $0.008 million net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019. Such decrease was primarily the result of the impact of COVID-19, resulting in lower revenue and thus lower net income.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In the reporting period in 2020, our primary sources of financing have been cash generated from operations and private placements. We raised funds in the following private placement in the first quarter of 2020:

On February 10, 2020, we entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mengru Xu and Zhichao Du, pursuant to which Ms. Xu and Mr. Du agreed to invest an aggregate of $3.51 million in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 1,350,000 shares of our common stock, representing a purchase price of approximately $2.60 per share.

On June 5, 2020, we issued an aggregate of 1,800,000 shares of our common stock to acquire all of the outstanding equity interest of Fast Approach Inc., a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada and in the business of operating a demand side platform targeting the Chinese education market in North America.

General

Management anticipates that our existing capital resources and anticipated cash flows from operations are adequate to satisfy our liquidity requirements for the next 12 months. Our primary capital needs have been to fund our working capital requirements. In the past, our primary sources of financing have been cash generated from operations and financing activities.

As of March 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents (including restricted cash) of $4.12 million. The debt to assets ratio was 12.6% and 19.9% as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We expect to continue to finance our operations and working capital needs in 2020 from cash generated from operations and, if needed, private financings. If available liquidity is not sufficient to meet our operating and loan obligations as they come due, our plans include pursuing alternative financing arrangements or reducing expenditures as necessary to meet our cash requirements. However, there is no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital or reduce discretionary spending to provide liquidity, if needed. We cannot be sure of the availability or terms of any alternative financing arrangements.

The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this report.

Cash Flow (In thousands)

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $6.5 million and provided by operating activities was $0.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Net cash used in operating activities was mainly due to an increase of $0.7 million in accounts and other receivables, a decrease of $1.8 million in payables and other current liabilities and an increase of $3.2 million in prepayments and other current assets.

Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.3 million, representing an increase of $0.3 million in net cash used in investing activities from $0 million for the same period of 2019. This was mainly due to an increase in the investment of fixed assets.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months period ended March 31, 2020 was $3.6 million, representing an increase of $3.6 million in net cash provided by financing activities from $0 million for the same period of 2019. This is mainly due to increase in private financing.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We consider our critical accounting policies to be those that require significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of financial statements, including those set forth in Note 2 to the financial statements included herein.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance arrangements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2020. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 2020, and as of the date that the evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures was completed, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the continuing material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.

The material weakness and significant deficiency identified by our management as of March 31, 2020 relates to the ability of the Company to record transactions and provide disclosures in accordance with GAAP. We did not have sufficient and skilled accounting personnel with an appropriate level of experience in the application of GAAP commensurate with our financial reporting requirements. For example, our staff members do not hold licenses such as Certified Public Accountant or Certified Management Accountant in the United States, have not attended United States institutions for training as accountants, and have not attended extended educational programs that would provide sufficient relevant education relating to GAAP. Our staff will require substantial training to meet the demands of a U.S. public company and our staff’s understanding of the requirements of GAAP-based reporting is inadequate.

We plan to provide GAAP training sessions to our accounting team. The training sessions will be organized to help our corporate accounting team gain experience in GAAP reporting and to enhance their awareness of new and emerging pronouncements with potential impact over our financial reporting. We plan to continue to recruit experienced and professional accounting and financial personnel and participate in educational seminars, tutorials, and conferences and employ more qualified accounting staff in future.

Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation performed during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations over Internal Controls.

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our internal controls will prevent or detect all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of internal controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. Also, any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls in future periods are subject to the risk that those internal controls may become inadequate because of changes in business conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

We are a smaller reporting company and accordingly we are not required to provide information required by this Item.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On February 10, 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with Mengru Xu and Zhichao Du, pursuant to which Ms. Xu and Mr. Du agreed to invest an aggregate of $3.51 million in the Company in exchange for an aggregate of 1,350,000 shares of common stock, representing a purchase price of approximately $2.60 per share. On February 28, 2020, the Company closed the transaction. The Company expects to use the proceeds of the financing for general corporate purposes.

The issuance of the securities was exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. 

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

10

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

I, Bin Zhou, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302

I, Lili Hu, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Registrant”);

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacities and on the date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Planet Green Holdings Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, in the capacities and on the date indicated below, hereby certifies pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to his knowledge:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operation of the Company.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.