UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______________to ______________

Commission File Number 001-36843

BioHiTech Global, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(845) 262-1081

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ¨ No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirement for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of June 28, 2019 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter), the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $18.9 million based on the closing sales price of $1.78 on the Nasdaq Capital Market. All executive officers and directors of the registrant have been deemed, solely for the purpose of the foregoing calculation, to be “affiliates” of the registrant.

As of May 19, 2020 there were 17,437,288 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission are incorporated by reference in Part III, Items 10-14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as indicated herein.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

SPECIAL NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

The information in this report contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact made in this report are forward looking. In particular, the statements herein regarding industry prospects and future results of operations or financial position are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “intends”, “plans”, “could,” “possibly,” “probably,” anticipates,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” or “should,” “designed to,” “designed for,” or other variations or similar words or language. No assurances can be given that the future results anticipated by the forward-looking statements will be achieved. Forward-looking statements reflect management’s current expectations and are inherently uncertain. Our actual results may differ significantly from management’s expectations.

Although these forward-looking statements reflect the good faith judgment of our management, such statements can only be based upon facts and factors currently known to us. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. As a result, our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth below under the caption “Risk Factors.” For these statements, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date on which they were made. They give our expectations regarding the future but are not guarantees. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by law.

BioHiTech Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries (the “Company” or “we” or “BioHiTech” or “Registrant”) refers to BioHiTech Global, Inc, and its subsidiaries as a whole or to individual components thereof as applicable based upon the context in which the term is used.

ITEM I: BUSINESS

Our Business

The Company’s mission is to reduce the environmental impact of the waste management industry through the development and deployment of cost-effective technology solutions. The Company’s suite of technologies includes on-site biological processing equipment for food waste, patented processing facilities for the conversion of municipal solid waste into an E.P.A. recognized renewable fuel, and proprietary real-time data analytics tools to reduce food waste generation. These unique proprietary solutions can enable certain businesses and municipalities of all sizes to lower disposal costs while having a positive impact on the environment.  When used individually or in combination, the Company’s solutions can reduce the carbon footprint associated with waste transportation, repurpose non-recyclable plastics, and significantly reduce landfill usage.

Revolution Series™ Digesters

The Company currently markets an aerobic digestion technology solution for the disposal of food waste at the point of generation. Its line of Revolution Series Digesters, launched in the second half of 2017, have been described as self-contained, robotic biological digestive systems that are as easy to install as a standard dishwasher with no special electrical or plumbing requirements. The units range in size depending upon capacity, with the smallest unit approximately the size of a residential washing machine. The digesters utilize a biological process to convert food waste into a liquid that is safe to discharge down an ordinary drain. This process can result in a substantial reduction in costs for customers including restaurants, grocery stores, and hotel/hospitality companies by eliminating the transportation and logistics costs associated with food waste disposal. The process also reduces the greenhouse gases associated with food-waste transportation and decomposition in landfills that have been linked to climate change. The Company offers its Revolution Series Digesters in several sizes targeting small to mid-sized food waste generators with both sale and rental options that are often more economical than traditional disposal methods. The Revolution Series Digesters are manufactured and assembled in the United States.

In an effort to expand the capabilities of its digesters, the Company developed a sophisticated IoT technology platform to provide its customers with transparency into their waste generation and operational practices. This patented process collects weight related data from the digesters to deliver real-time data that provides valuable information that when analyzed, can improve efficiency and validate corporate sustainability efforts. The Company provides its IoT platform through a SaaS (“Software as a Service”) model that is either bundled in its rental agreements or sold through a separate annual software license. Prior to the launch of its Revolution Series Digesters, the Company marketed earlier generations of its digesters under the Eco-Safe brand. These units were larger sized and typically marketed to mid- and large-sized food waste generators, including the Federal Government. The Company continues to add new capacity sizes to its line of Revolution Series Digesters to meet customer needs.

HEBioT Resource Recovery Technology

The Company expanded its technology business in 2016 through the acquisition of certain development rights to a patented Mechanical Biological Treatment (“MBT”) technology developed by a European engineering firm that relies upon High Efficiency Biological Treatment (“HEBioT”) to process waste at the municipal or enterprise level. The technology results in a substantial reduction in landfill usage by converting a significant portion of intake, including organic waste and non-recyclable plastics, into a United States EPA recognized alternative fuel that can be used as a partial replacement for coal.

The Company also, through a series of transactions in 2017 and 2018, acquired a controlling interest in the Nation’s first municipal waste processing facility utilizing the HEBioT technology located in Martinsburg, West Virginia (the “Martinsburg Facility”). The Martinsburg Facility, which commenced operations in 2019, is capable of processing up to 110,000 tons of mixed municipal waste annually. At full capacity, the Martinsburg Facility can achieve an annual savings of over 2.3 million cubic feet of landfill space and eliminate many of the greenhouse gases associated with landfilling that waste. The Company plans to build additional HEBioT facilities in the coming years and is currently in the permitting process to build a second facility in New York State.

The Company’s suite of products and services positions it as a leading provider of cost-effective, technology-based alternatives to traditional waste disposal in the United States. The use of the Company’s technology solutions independently or in combination, can help its customers meet sustainability goals by achieving a significant reduction in greenhouse gases associated with waste transportation and landfilling. In addition, the repurposing of municipal waste into a cleaner burning, EPA recognized, renewable fuel can further reduce potentially harmful emissions associated with traditional means of disposal. The overall reduction in carbon and other greenhouse gases that are linked to climate change that could be achieved through the utilization of the Company’s technology can serve as a model for the future of waste disposal in the United States.  

In addition to its technology business, the Company provides executive oversight services for a traditional waste management and recycling company that is contracted to deliver municipal waste to the Company’s Martinsburg Facility.  

Digester Technologies, Market, Customers and Competition

The Company leverages its existing technology, including our digester’s on-board patented weighing system, by collecting, accumulating and providing empirical data that can aid in improving the efficiency of the upstream supply chain. By streaming data from the digesters, collecting information from system users and integrating business application data, BioHiTech’s internet enabled system known as the BioHiTech Cloud^TM can provide necessary data to aid customers in reshaping their purchasing decisions and positively affect employee behavior. In its simplest form, the BioHiTech Cloud quantifies food waste in a fashion that has historically not been available. It enables users to understand food waste generation habits and to improve operational efficiencies.

The BioHiTech Cloud data is used to help educate customers as to where, when and how waste is being created. Tracking and analyzing waste based on creation time, food type, preparation stage, origin of waste or other key metrics may provide a clear picture of the food waste lifecycle. While our digesters already provide significant economic savings and decreases in carbon footprint, the addition of the BioHiTech Cloud increases that impact by helping the customer to more accurately manage inventory, preparation practices and staff efficiencies.

The Company believes that its combined offering of technology and its digesters provide customers with information that has not been readily available to consumers in the past that has the potential for improved management and reduction of waste at the point of generation on a real-time basis.

BioHiTech believes its digester products remove organic waste from the overcrowded and costly landfills of the world and provide significant benefits to both business organizations and the community including:

Our solution is not based solely on the removal of waste, but also provides real time information and metrics to improve the efficiency of an organization. Such information has not been readily available to consumers in the past. By providing a cloud-based dashboard and mobile application, the BioHiTech Cloud gives real-time visibility to the status of the device itself and provides insight to the efficiencies of the operations of food preparation and consumption of the user. Using leading edge cloud technologies, the systems allow for deep visibility into the process on an individual, regional, or national level. BioHiTech currently has a provisional patent pending on this technology.

The BioHiTech Cirrus™ application allows customers more immediate access to analytical data provided by the Eco-Safe Digester and more efficient monitoring across a number of network connected devices. The mobile application is available to existing BioHiTech Cloud customers and is available through the iTunes Store, as well as Google Play.

Target Markets

BioHiTech’s target market for its digesters includes any producers of consistent volumes of food waste.

In addition to the US domestic marketplace, the Company anticipates growth internationally with a primary focus on the United Kingdom, Singapore, Mexico and Latin America.

As municipalities continue to enact ordinances prohibiting commercial food waste from being disposed of in landfills, the Company will focus its efforts on targeting those businesses most affected by such ordinances. Many cities and states have already banned landfill disposal of food waste generated by large, commercial food waste generators, with pending legislation in numerous others. The Company anticipates this trend to continue as sustainability efforts advance.

Customers

Customers for BioHiTech’s digesters are primarily any consistent producers of food waste. Industries served include but are not limited to healthcare, grocery, prisons, retail food services (including traditional restaurants and quick service restaurants), education, and full-service hospitality, including casinos and the cruise industry. Volume of food waste, as well as traditional waste disposal costs, are the primary drivers of return on investment for customers. BioHiTech also sells its products to governmental agencies including correctional facilities and hospitals, as well as large private sector companies throughout the United States and abroad.

It is estimated that the addressable market for our digesters is over 200,000 locations worldwide.

 Digester Marketing Strategy

The Company markets through two channels, “in-house” direct sales and “reseller” sales. Domestic and international resellers are granted a non-exclusive license to sell and market products and services. All resellers are required to purchase all products and consumables directly from the Company. In some cases, we also provide annual service to customers of our resellers at an additional charge.

As regulations continue to be passed regarding the disposal of food waste, we will leverage both our internal and external marketing sources to communicate to and inform the target market of the increasing level of need for our products and services.

Since 2016, the Company has operated on a United States based manufacturing model. Each product goes through a rigorous quality control process before it is delivered to the customer.

Competition

There are a small number of companies that distribute products utilizing a similar anerobic digestion methodology as our Revolution Digester, but lack the technological depth of data collection, analytics and reporting. With our receiving our patent Network Connected Weight Tracking System for a Food Waste Disposal Machine, there is a barrier to competitors providing similar technology to their customers. Further, we believe that these companies do not have a competitive product to the Revolution Series of digesters based on price point, size, throughput, power and plumbing requirements and data collection, analytics and reporting.

Most of these companies originated in Korea and continue to manufacture their products in Asia and India. We believe these companies may have copied underlying technology of our original digester units. We are aware of one company that has claimed to be developing competitive data collection and some level of web enablement but are unaware of the deployment and functionality of their technology offering. Of our competitors, our machine has the smallest footprint, requires the least amount of water to operate and we believe is an industry leader in terms of installations and efficiency. Currently we are not aware of any direct competitor with the ability to capture and deliver real time data.

Alternative technologies or processes to digesters or similar equipment are:

Traditional Composting: Composting has been in existence for many years and has historically been the only option for organics disposal. Composting:

Anaerobic Digestion: Anaerobic digesters are readily used throughout Europe. Anaerobic digestion (“AD”) is the decomposition of organic waste in the absence of oxygen. The beneficial by-product is gas to be used to generate electricity. AD is generally accomplished on a large municipal or commercial scale and is not believed to be readily available as an “at the source” solution. AD facilities are beginning to be sited in the United States and are thought of as a viable disposal option for organic waste. While the technology is sound, AD facilities face various challenges in the United States. Management believes that AD facilities will continue to be developed and will be a part of the total solution for organic waste disposal. Many private equity funds have made investments in companies that own or are permitting AD facilities. The challenges to AD include:

Patent and Trademarks

On May 22, 2018, the Company received its patent for the “Network Connected Weight Tracking System for a Food Waste Disposal Machine”, which expires on July 23, 2036.

HEBioT Technologies, Market, Customers and Competition

The Company’s first HEBioT facility began commissioning operations in the first quarter of 2019. The deployment of this technology is consistent with the Company’s vision of providing disruptive technologies to the traditional waste industry. With the ability to accept up to approximately 20 to 30% of each plant’s capacity in the form of pure food waste, the Company adds an option of municipal level solutions in the food waste industry that was previously unavailable.

The Company is also at varying levels of preliminary discussion regarding several other sites, including one located in Rensselaer, New York, which it received its local permits for in 2018 and is presently awaiting New York State approvals.

Entsorga West Virginia Facility

Entsorga West Virginia, LLC (“EWV”), located in Martinsburg, WV, represents the first deployment of the Entsorga HEBioT technology in the United States.  The facility, which began commissioning operations in the first quarter of 2019 is designed to accept up to 110,000 tons per year of municipal solid waste delivered from the surrounding areas. The facility consists of a 54,000 square foot industrial building located on approximately 12 acres of leased property.  The facility, equipped with HEBioT technology, will be able to produce up to 50,000 tons per year of EPA recognized renewable fuel.

Technology

The HEBioT technology converts mixed municipal and organic waste (typical residential trash collected) to a US Environmental Protection Agency (the “US EPA”) recognized alternative fuel source. By utilizing a patented process that utilizes a combination of mechanical and biological processes to accelerate the decomposition of the organic fraction of waste, the end product produced, known as solid recovered fuel (“SRF”) has a carbon value nearly equivalent to traditional coal and can be used as a replacement and/or supplement to coal. After receipt and processing of waste at the facility, approximately 80% of the incoming waste is reduced, recycled or converted into the approved alternative fuel, with the remaining 20% of the incoming waste being disposed of via traditional methods.

The US EPA has issued a “comfort letter” stating that any fuel produced utilizing the HEBioT technology is deemed an engineered fuel and can be marketed as a commodity rather than the fuel being marketed as RDF, refuse derived fuel, which has significant regulation and additional costs relating to its consumption and use. 

In 2018, the Company entered into a transaction forming Refuel America, LLC (“Refuel”), a subsidiary of the Company, with Gold Medal Group, LLC. This transaction consolidated HEBioT related assets of both entities, including interests in Entsorga West Virginia, LLC. The Company controls Refuel and owns 60% of its membership interests. Gold Medal Group, LLC owns the remaining 40% of its membership interests. Refuel will continue new and ongoing project development and marketing throughout 11 northeast U.S. states and the District of Columbia. This project development may consist of construction, ownership and operation of actual facilities, such as the Entsorga West Virginia facility or possible sub-licenses to third parties to utilize the technology. Refuel may realize revenues in various ways:

The Company owns a 31% interest in AVWC. Frank E. Celli, the Company’s CEO, also owns a 20.9% interest in AVWC. In March 2017, Mr. Celli assigned his voting rights in AVWC so that, collectively, the Company would have voting control of over 51% of AVWC. AVWC currently holds the exclusive license for the development throughout 11 northeast U.S. states and the District of Columbia of the technology known as High Efficiency Biological Treatment (“HEBioT”), which is owned by Entsorgafin S.p.A., an Italian company. AVWC has licensed its exclusive development rights to the Company.

The development license agreement between Entsorgafin (technology owner) and AVWC is perpetual in nature, with certain performance standards relating to the volume of facilities developed during the initial five years of the agreement.

Marketing Strategy

The Company has focused our initial marketing efforts of our HEBioT technology within the 11 northeast states and the District of Columbia by identifying potential opportunities based on various criteria including, disposal costs within a region, proximity to end users of alternative fuels, lack of long-term disposal alternatives, and access to adequate feedstock.

Disposal Costs: We pursue opportunities where disposal costs within a certain radius of a prospective project are high enough to provide adequate returns on capital. Since “tip fees” received by a facility represent the majority of a facility’s revenue, areas with tip fees in excess of $50 per ton are highly attractive markets. This is the case, in the majority of regions covered by the Company’s licensing rights.

Proximity to End Users: The second largest component of a facility’s revenue is realized through the sale of renewable fuel to be used in conjunction with or as a substitute for coal. With cement kilns being the second largest user of coal in the United States and with the continual regulatory pressure to reduce emissions associated with coal combustion, we target markets where there is reasonable access to cement manufacturing facilities to maximize revenue and minimize transportation costs of the manufactured fuel. The HEBioT technology has received an EPA comfort letter stating that all fuel manufactured from municipal solid waste in an Entsorga plant shall be categorized as an engineered fuel and can be used in cement kilns to offset up to 30% of their total fuel consumption.

Lack of Long-Term Disposal: With landfill capacity in the northeast United States diminishing, and large quantities of solid waste being exported from numerous states, many municipalities and/or private waste companies are in need of long-term disposal options. The HEBioT technology can divert up to 80% of the incoming municipal solid waste from landfills resulting in a prolonged life expectancy or a 500% capacity increase of existing landfills, as well as, new long-term cost-effective disposal options for the future.

Access to Adequate Feedstock: Based on the fixed cost nature of a HEBioT facility, to maximize its revenue and earnings it must be operated near its design capacity. The Company focuses its marketing efforts on areas where population density provides adequate feedstock supply within a reasonable radius of a proposed plant. The HEBioT facility’s proximity to feedstock will allow municipalities and haulers to dispose of their waste (municipal solid waste or “MSW”) at an HEBioT facility without incurring significant logistical costs to do so.

We currently employ one full time executive focused on the marketing of the HEBioT technology. The executive has over 20 years of experience in the solid waste and recycling facility management industry and has held multiple positions at some of the leading recycling companies. The executive’s focus is on identifying opportunities where each of the aforementioned criteria apply, initial presentation of the Company and technology, evaluating possible joint ventures, initiating early stage permitting, project development cost estimating and ultimate contract and project execution.

We present the technology at industry trade shows and events, as well as make direct proposals to interested parties that have become familiar with the HEBioT technology via public press releases, trade publications, the Company website and marketing materials, or industry referrals.

Competition

Competition in the Mechanical Biological Treatment (“MBT”) area is more diverse than with our digester products, as High Efficiency Biological Treatment (“HEBioT”), which is just one of many forms of MBT, is a new technology to the United States. The U.S. waste industry significantly lags Europe, which has over 300 MBT operational plants, in its achievements of improving environmental protection, diverting waste from landfills, development and utilization of alternative energies, and other green initiatives. There is an increasing push to pursue alternative waste disposal options as landfill capacity continues to dwindle and environmental consciousness continues to increase. In addition, the U.S. continues to pursue initiatives mitigating reliance on foreign energy and the EPA is increasing mandates to reduce air pollutants and use of fossil fuels. There are also many large corporations that have set zero waste targets that could utilize HEBioT as the one source to reduce landfill disposal of waste to under 20%.

Utilizing traditional waste management, more than half of the municipal solid waste generated in the United States is disposed of in landfills with another 12% being directed to waste to energy facilities and balance being recycled or composted. This figure is compared to only 38% of MSW being landfilled in the European Union resulting in the U.S. contributing significantly more greenhouse gas emissions from waste disposal than the European Union. Recently in the U.S., regulators and corporate leaders have led an effort to lower greenhouse gas emissions by finding disposal alternatives to landfills and exploring the deployment of “next generation” waste disposal technologies. The ongoing challenges to the evolution of these alternatives include but are not limited to capital intensity requiring subsidies, emerging technology risk, access to feedstock, long term off-take partners and inability to accept multiple waste streams.

Alternative technologies or processes to MBT are:

Anaerobic Digestion: Anaerobic digesters are readily used throughout Europe and deployed in the U.S. on a more limited basis. Anaerobic digestion is the decomposition of organic waste in the absence of oxygen. The beneficial by-product is gas to be used to generate electricity. AD is limited to accepting only the organic fraction of waste and not capable of processing mixed municipal waste.

Traditional Waste to Energy or Incineration Facilities: Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power. There have been very few of these facilities built in the U.S. in the past 20 years. The challenges to Incineration include:

Gasification Facilities: Gasification is a process that converts organic or fossil fuel based carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C), without combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas or synthetic gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel. The power derived from gasification and combustion of the resultant gas is considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from biomass. The challenges to gasification include but are not limited to:

Pyrolysis: Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen (or any halogen). It involves the simultaneous change of chemical composition and physical phase that is irreversible. Pyrolysis is a type of thermolysis that is most commonly observed in organic materials exposed to high temperatures. Pyrolysis has been recently explored as an option for municipal solid waste incineration but has not been deployed in the U.S. due to various challenges, including:

Landfilling: A landfill site (also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment (although the burial part is modern; historically, refuse was just left in piles or thrown into pits). Historically, landfills have been the most common method of organized waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world and currently represent approximately 70% of the disposal of municipal solid waste in the U.S. There has been a recent movement toward diverting waste from landfills in the U.S. including the passing of various pieces of legislation in certain states banning certain materials from being deposited in landfills. Landfilling continues to be faced with challenges such as;

Other MBT Providers. The terms mechanical biological treatment or mechanical biological pre-treatment relate to a group of solid waste treatment systems. These systems enable the recovery of materials contained within the mixed waste and facilitate the stabilization of the biodegradable component of the material. There are currently over 300 operational MBT plants throughout Europe. Most of the current plants produce Refuse Derived Fuel, which differs from the engineered solid recovered fuel produced by the Entsorga HEBioT technology, which is deemed as an “engineered fuel” by the U.S. EPA. A2A is a company based in Italy that has historically deployed a similar technology to that of Entsorga; however, A2A no longer makes it commercially available to merchant plant operators and does not currently have any facilities located or planned for the U.S. market.

Management and Employees

As of December 31, 2019, the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries had 39 full time employees. We believe we enjoy good employee relations. None of our employees are members of any labor union, and we are not a party to any collective bargaining agreement.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company currently generates revenues from rental and sales of its digesters and related goods and services, and revenues from the HEBioT technologies. The Company's other known sources of capital are common and common and preferred stock offerings, proceeds from private placements, issuance of notes payable, convertible notes payable, and investments, loans and advances from related and unrelated parties and cash from future revenues.

We will require additional financing in order to execute our business expansion and development plans and we may require additional financing in order to sustain substantial future business operations for an extended period of time. Subsequent to December 31, 2019 we initiated a private placement offering for redeemable convertible preferred stock and warrants to acquire our common stock and had an initial closing of $1,500,000 on March 18, 2020 and an additional closing of $65,000 on April 6, 2020. We were funded $421,300 on May 13, 2020 through the Paycheck Protection Program and have applied for an additional $200,000, which has not yet been approved. While the Company has a history of obtaining adequate capital and maintaining liquidity, it is actively soliciting other forms of financing but do not have any firm commitments for additional financing. Should we not be able to obtain financing when required, in the amounts necessary to execute on our plans in full, or on terms which are economically feasible we may be unable to sustain the necessary capital to pursue our strategic plan and may have to reduce the planned future growth and scope of our operations.

Potential Future Projects and Conflicts of Interest

Members of the Company’s management may serve in the future as an officer, director or investor in other entities. Neither BioHiTech nor any of its shareholders would have any interest in these other companies’ projects. Management believes that it has sufficient resources to fully discharge its responsibilities to the Company.

Government Regulation

We believe we are in compliance with applicable federal, state and other regulations and that we have compliance programs in place to ensure compliance going forward. There are no regulatory notifications or actions pending.

Related Party Transactions

See footnote 20 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements filed herewith.

Available Information

We will make available free of charge any of our filings as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these materials with, or otherwise furnish them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). We are not including the information contained in our website as part of, or incorporating it by reference into, this report on Form 10-K.

The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.

We maintain a website at http://www.biohitech.com/. Within our website’s “Investor” section, “SEC Filings” tab, all of our filings with the Commission and all amendments to these reports are available as soon as reasonably practicable after filing.  

Website

Our website address is www.biohitech.com.

Our Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 80 Red Schoolhouse Road, Suite 101, Chestnut Ridge, NY 10977 and our telephone number is (845) 262-1081. We can be contacted by email at info@biohitech.com.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects are subject to the following risks. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently foreseeable to us may also impair our business operations. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and our stockholders may lose all or part of their investment in the shares of our common stock.

This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “intends”, “plans”, “could,” “possibly,” “probably,” anticipates,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” or “should,” “designed to,” “designed for,” or other variations or similar words or language. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth below and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

SHOULD ONE OR MORE OF THE FOREGOING RISKS OR UNCERTAINTIES MATERIALIZE, OR SHOULD THE UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS PROVE INCORRECT, ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THOSE ANTICIPATED, BELIEVED, ESTIMATED, EXPECTED, INTENDED OR PLANNED

Risks Related to Pandemics

The recent COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) may adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, and cash flow.

While the full impact on our business from the recent outbreak of COVID-19 is unknown at this time and difficult to predict, various aspects of our business have been impacted and could be adversely affected by it.

As of the date of this Annual Report, COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, has been declared a National Emergency by the United States Government and has resulted in all states being designated disaster zones. COVID-19 has caused significant volatility in global markets, including the market price of our securities. The spread of COVID-19 has caused public health officials to recommend precautions to mitigate the spread of the virus, especially as to travel and congregating in large numbers. In addition, states and municipalities have enacted quarantining and “shelter-in-place” regulations which severely limit the ability of people to move and travel, and require non-essential businesses and organizations to close.

It is unclear how such restrictions, which will contribute to a general slowdown in the global economy, will affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and our future strategic plans.

The digester line of our business has historically been marketed to large organizations such as food distributors, convention centers, hotels, restaurants, stadiums, municipalities and academic institutions. It is unclear how a prolonged outbreak with travel, commercial and other similar restrictions, may adversely affect our business operations and the business operations of our customers and suppliers; a disruption for a prolonged period will have a negative effect on our business operations.

Recent shelter-in-place and essential-only travel regulations have negatively impacted many of our customers. In addition, while our digesters are manufactured in the United States, we still could experience significant supply chain disruptions due to interruptions in operations at any or all of our suppliers’ facilities. If we experience significant delays in receiving our products we will experience delays in fulfilling orders and ultimately receiving payment, which could result in loss of sales and a loss of customers, and adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

The HEBioT line of our business is classified as a public service in the state in which it is located and is expected to remain operating regardless of restrictions that may be imposed on other businesses in its area. The facility relies upon other entities to pick up and deliver municipal solid waste, which are also classified as public service entities, and is reliant upon customers in the cement kiln industry to purchase its solid recovered fuel. The inability to receive MSW or sell it to its customers would adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Specific to Our Business

We have a history of operating losses and there can be no assurance that we can achieve or maintain profitability.

We have a history of operating losses and may not achieve or sustain profitability due to the competitive and evolving nature of the industries in which we operate. Our failure to sustain profitability could adversely affect the Company’s business, including our ability to raise additional funds.

We may not be able to continue as a going concern.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had a consolidated net loss of $10,280,061, incurred a consolidated loss from operations of $7,535,214 and used net cash in consolidated operating activities of $7,134,600. At December 31, 2019, consolidated total stockholders’ equity amounted to $7,369,725, consolidated stockholders’ equity attributable to parent amounted to $2,024,143 and the Company had a consolidated working capital deficit of $5,351,686. The Company does not yet have a history of financial profitability. Historically, the principal source of liquidity has been the issuance of debt and equity securities. Presently, the Company does not have firm commitments to fully fund its future operational and strategic plans, although subsequent to December 31, 2019 the Company raised $1,565,000 from the issuance of Series F Redeemable, Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants. The Company was funded $421,300 on May 13, 2020 through the Paycheck Protection Program and has applied for an additional $200,000, which has not yet been approved. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 

The Company is presently in the process of raising additional debt for general operations and to support its leasing activities. The Company may also raise capital through its Registration Statement on Form S-3 declared effective on July 11, 2018, by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Shelf Registration”) for investment in several strategic initiatives. The Shelf Registration was utilized during September 2019 to raise net proceeds of $3,035,557 through a confidentially marketed public offering of common shares. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to raise sufficient capital or debt to sustain operations or to pursue other strategic initiatives or that such financing will be on terms that are favorable to the Company.

We face substantial competition in the waste services industry, and if we cannot successfully compete in the marketplace, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

The waste services industry is highly competitive, has undergone a period of consolidation and requires substantial labor and capital resources. Some of the markets in which we compete are served by one or more of large, established companies, that are more well-known and better financed than we are. Intense competition exists not only to provide services to customers, but also to develop new products and services and acquire other businesses within each market. Some of our competitors have significantly greater financial and other resources than we do.

In our waste disposal markets, we also compete with operators of alternative disposal and recycling facilities. We also increasingly compete with companies that seek to use waste as feedstock for alternative uses. Public entities may have financial advantages because of their ability to charge user fees or similar charges, impose tax revenues, access tax-exempt financing and, in some cases, utilize government subsidies.

If we are unable to successfully compete in the marketplace, our business and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

The waste services industry is subject to extensive and rapidly-changing government regulation. Changes to one or more of these regulations could cause a decrease in the demand for our products and services.

Stringent government regulations at the federal, state and local level in the U.S. have a substantial impact on the waste industry and compliance with such regulations is costly. A large number of complex laws, rules, orders and interpretations govern environmental protection, health, safety, land use, zoning, transportation and related matters. Among other things, governmental regulations and enforcement actions may restrict operations within the waste industry and may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We believe the demand for our digester product is created directly in response to recent laws and regulation prohibiting certain large, commercial food manufacturers, retailers and hospitality enterprises from discarding food wastes to landfills. Our digesters are just one solution for these businesses to comply with these regulations and other regulations. If there was a change to or elimination of these regulations, the demand for our product would almost certainly be greatly reduced and our income would, as a result, be adversely affected.

Currently, the microorganisms we employ in our digesters are approved for use to reduce food waste and to be poured into conventional sewer systems. However, if it was determined that we could no longer use these microorganisms, there is no guarantee that we could develop a replacement process to assure that we could continue to sell our products. Also, we would likely face claims from current customers were they unable to use our digesters for food waste disposal.

We may also incur the costs of defending against environmental litigation brought by governmental agencies and private parties. We may be in the future a defendant in lawsuits brought by parties alleging environmental damage, personal injury, and/or property damage, or which seek to overturn or prevent authorization of our products, all of which may result in us incurring significant liabilities. 

We may be negatively impacted by landfills and certain long-term disposal trends.

In connection with the MBT line of business, there is competition from other landfills, including large, out-of-state landfills to secure municipal solid waste (“MSW”) feedstock. Such facilities may legally drop prices to maintain market share forcing the Company to compete on price for feedstock delivered by suppliers, which may cause a negative impact to the anticipated financial performance of the projects. 

Waste policies may incentivize additional renewable energy plants to be built, in such an event, the MBT facilities would be competing with such future renewable energy plants for feedstock. Furthermore, other zero waste policies, increased local recycling and reuse, augmented by composting and other future waste policies intended to eliminate and/or reduce the waste may mean less MSW will be available for the Company’s MBT projects.

The recovered recycled materials market is volatile.

The Company’s MBT projects and its waste collections business anticipate a minimum return on recycled materials. Should conditions change such that the minimum returns cannot be recovered, they may have a negative impact on the financial performance of the projects and businesses.

The market for solid recovered fuel (“SRF”) is not developed.

The Company’s MBT projects rely upon the ability to sell SRF to appropriate industrial users at economically reasonable prices. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to contract on either a long-term or spot-market basis with such consumers. 

We may engage in acquisitions in the future with the goal of complementing or expanding our business, including developing additional disposal products and complementary services. However, we may be unable to complete these transactions and, if executed, these transactions may not improve our business or may pose significant risks and could have a negative effect on our operations.

We may in the future, make acquisitions in order to acquire or develop additional disposal products and complementary services. In addition, from time to time we may acquire businesses that are complementary to our core business strategy. We may not be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates. If we identify suitable acquisition candidates, we may be unable to successfully negotiate acquisitions at a price or on terms and conditions acceptable to us, including as a result of the limitations imposed by our debt obligations. Further, we may be unable to obtain the necessary regulatory approval to complete potential acquisitions.

Our ability to achieve the benefits of any potential future acquisition, including cost savings and operating efficiencies, depends in part on our ability to successfully integrate the operations of such acquired businesses with our operations. The integration of acquired businesses and other assets may require significant management time and resources that would otherwise be available for the ongoing management of our existing operations. In addition, to the extent any future acquisitions are completed, we may be unsuccessful in integrating acquired companies or their operations, or if integration is more difficult than anticipated, we may experience disruptions that could have a material adverse impact on future profitability. Some of the risks that may affect our ability to integrate, or realize any anticipated benefits from, acquisitions include:

Our business and strategic plans may require funding.

Our current business and strategic plans require additional funding. Our ultimate success may depend on our ability to raise additional financing and capital. In the absence of additional financing or significant revenues and profits, the Company will have to approach its business plan from a much different and much more restricted direction, attempting to secure additional funding sources to fund its growth, borrowing money from lenders or elsewhere or to take other actions to attempt to provide funding. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain sufficient additional funds when needed, or that such funds, if available, will be obtainable on terms satisfactory to us.

We expect that we will need to raise additional capital to meet our business requirements in the future, and such capital raising may be costly or difficult to obtain and can be expected to dilute current stockholders’ ownership interests.

Based upon present strategic investment plans, we expect that we will need to raise additional capital in the future. Such additional capital may not be available on reasonable terms or at all. We may need to raise additional funds through borrowings or public or private debt or equity financings to meet various objectives including, but not limited to:

Our limited operating history does not afford investors a sufficient history on which to base an investment decision.

We are currently expanding our businesses. Our operations are subject to all the risks inherent in the establishment of an expanding business enterprise. The likelihood of success must be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays that are frequently encountered in expanding companies. There can be no assurance that at this time that we will operate profitably or will have adequate working capital to meet our obligations as they become due. 

Investors must consider the risks and difficulties frequently encountered by expanding companies, particularly in rapidly evolving markets. Such risks include the following:

We cannot be certain that our business strategy will be successful or that we will successfully address these risks. In the event that we do not successfully address these risks, our business, prospects, financial condition, and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, and we may not have the resources to continue or expand our business operations.

We rely on highly skilled personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire additional qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.

Our performance is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of highly skilled individuals. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate, and retain highly skilled personnel for all areas of our organization. Our continued ability to compete effectively depends on our ability to retain and motivate existing employees. Due to our reliance upon its skilled professionals and laborers, the failure to attract, integrate, motivate, and retain current and/or additional key employees could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

If we fail to manage growth or to prepare for product scalability and integration effectively, it could have an adverse effect on our employee efficiency, product quality, working capital levels and results of operations.

Any significant growth in the market for our products or our entry into new markets may require an expansion of our employee base for managerial, operational, financial, and other purposes. During any period of growth, we may face problems related to our operational and financial systems and controls, including quality control and delivery and service capacities. We would also need to continue to expand, train and manage our employee base. Continued future growth will impose significant added responsibilities upon the members of management to identify, recruit, maintain, integrate, and motivate new employees.

Aside from increased difficulties in the management of human resources, we may need increased liquidity to finance the expansion of our existing business, the development of new products, and the hiring of additional employees. For effective growth management, we will be required to continue improving our operations, management, and financial systems and controls. Our failure to manage growth effectively may lead to operational and financial inefficiencies that will have a negative effect on our profitability. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to timely and effectively meet that demand and maintain the quality standards required by our existing and potential customers.

Our management team may not be able to successfully implement our business strategies.

If our management team is unable to execute on its business strategies, then our development, including the establishment of revenues and our sales and marketing activities, would be materially and adversely affected. In addition, we may encounter difficulties in effectively managing the budgeting, forecasting and other process control issues presented by any future growth. We may seek to augment or replace members of our management team or we may lose key members of our management team, and we may not be able to attract new management talent with sufficient skill and experience.

If we are unable to retain key executives and other key affiliates, our growth could be significantly inhibited, and our business harmed with a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success is, to a certain extent, attributable to the management, sales and marketing, and operational and technical expertise of certain key personnel. Frank E. Celli, our Chief Executive Officer, Robert Joyce, our Chief Operating Officer and Brian C. Essman, our Chief Financial Officer, perform key functions in the operation of our business. The loss of any of these could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition, and results of operations. If we lose the services of any senior management, we may not be able to locate suitable or qualified replacements and may incur additional expenses to recruit and train new personnel, which could severely disrupt our business and prospects. 

Our financial results may not meet the expectations of investors and may fluctuate because of many factors and, as a result, investors should not rely on our revenue and/or financial projections as indicative of future results.

Fluctuations in operating results or the failure of operating results to meet the expectations investors may negatively impact the value of our securities. Operating results may fluctuate due to a variety of factors that could affect revenues or expenses in any particular quarter. Fluctuations in operating results could cause the value of our securities to decline. Investors should not rely on revenue or financial projections or comparisons of results of operations as an indication of future performance. As a result of the factors listed below, it is possible that in future periods results of operations may be below the expectations of investors. This could cause the market price of our securities to decline and negatively impact our ability to raise debt and capital. Factors that may affect our operating results include:

Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2019. If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud.

We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The Securities and Exchange Commission or the SEC, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on the effectiveness of such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual report. Effective internal control over financial reporting is necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports, effectively prevent fraud and operate as a public company.

Our management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2019. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our company's financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis. Based on their evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2019 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Because of our limited operations we have a small number of employees which prohibits a segregation of duties. As we grow and expand our operations, we will engage additional employees and experts as needed. However, there can be no assurance that our operations will expand.

Our failure to remediate the material weakness or our failure to discover and address any other material weaknesses or deficiencies may result in inaccuracies in our financial statements, delay in the preparation of our financial statements, and the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could negatively influence the trading price of our Common Stock. Ineffective internal control over financial reporting could also expose us to increased risk of fraud or misappropriations of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which our Common Stock is listed, regulatory investigations or civil or criminal sanctions. As a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

We are operating in a highly competitive market and we are unsure as to whether there will be any consumer demand for our services.

Some of our competitors are much larger and better capitalized than we are. It may be that our competitors will better address the same market opportunities that we are addressing. These competitors, either alone or with collaborative partners, may succeed in developing business models that are more effective or have greater market success than our own. The Company is especially susceptible to larger companies that invest more money in marketing. Moreover, the market for our services is potentially large but highly competitive. There is little or no hard data that substantiates the demand for our services or how this demand will be segmented over time.

There is no assurance that the Company will operate profitably or will generate positive cash flow.

The Company is continuing to develop and expand its lines of business, customer base and recurring revenues and it is anticipated that it may continue to incur losses in the future as it carries on this process. In addition, the Company’s operating results in the future may be subject to significant fluctuations due to many factors not within our control, such as the level of competition, regulatory changes and general economic conditions.

We may be unsuccessful in our efforts to use digital and other viral marketing to expand consumer awareness of our service.

If we are unable to maintain or increase the efficacy of our digital and other viral marketing strategy or if we otherwise decide to expand the reach of our marketing through use of costlier marketing campaigns, we may experience an increase in marketing expenses that could have an adverse effect on our results of operations. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in maintaining or expanding our customer base and failure to do so would materially reduce our revenue and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We may be negatively impacted by permitting and construction risks.

In connection with the MBT line of business, the Company will have to maintain or acquire specialized permits and have regulatory approvals from various state and local regulatory authorities for their operations or the construction of facilities. The failure of having such may delay or prevent the construction or operation of the planned MBT facilities. In addition, there are significant risks related to the construction of a specialized facility. These risks may delay, postpone or cause a negative impact to the anticipated financial performance of the projects.

Risks Related to Securities Markets and Investments in Our Securities

General securities market uncertainties resulting from COVID-19.

Since the outset of COVID-19 the US and worldwide national securities markets have undergone unprecedented stress due to the uncertainties of COVID-19 and the resulting reactions and outcomes of government, business and the general population. These uncertainties have resulted in declines in all market sectors, increases in volumes due to flight to safety and governmental actions to support the markets. As a result, until COVID-19 has stabilized, the markets may not be available to the Company for purposes of raising required capital. Should we not be able to obtain financing when required, in the amounts necessary to execute on our plans in full, or on terms which are economically feasible we may be unable to sustain the necessary capital to pursue our strategic plan and may have to reduce the planned future growth and scope of our operations.

Our executive officers and certain stockholders possess significant voting power, and through this ownership, could influence our Company and our corporate actions.

Our current executive officers, directors and their affiliates, hold approximately 27% of the voting power of the outstanding shares as of the date of December 31, 2019. These officers, directors, affiliates and certain stockholders may have a controlling influence in determining the outcome of any corporate transaction or other matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors, and other significant corporate actions. As such, our executive officers have significant influence to prevent or cause a change in control; therefore, without their consent we could be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us.  The interests of our executive officers and certain shareholders may give rise to a conflict of interest with the Company and the Company’s stockholders. For additional details concerning voting power please refer to the section below entitled “Description of Securities.”

Liquidity of our common stock has been limited.

On February 12, 2016 the Company uplisted from OTCBB (also known as OTC Pink) to the OTCQB. On April 9, 2018 the Company uplisted from OTCQB to the Nasdaq Capital Market. The liquidity of our common stock has been mixed and there is no assurance that liquidity will continue or that the trade prices of our securities could not be reduced due to excess sellers of our stock over buyers. Active trading markets generally result in lower price volatility and more efficient execution of buy and sell orders. Absence of an active trading market reduces the liquidity of the shares traded.

The trading volume of our common stock may be limited and sporadic. This situation is attributable to a number of factors, including the fact that we are a small company that is relatively unknown to stock analysts, stock brokers, institutional investors and others in the investment community that generate or influence sales volume, and that even if we came to the attention of such persons, they may tend to be risk-averse and would be reluctant to follow an unproven company such as ours or purchase or recommend the purchase of our shares until such time as we became more seasoned and viable. As a consequence, there may be periods when trading activity in our shares is minimal, as compared to a seasoned issuer that has a large and steady volume of trading activity that will generally support continuous sales without an adverse effect on share price.  We cannot give any assurance that a broader or more active public trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained, or that current trading levels will be sustained.

Our stock price may be volatile.

The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:

Many of these factors are beyond our control and may decrease the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. We cannot make any predictions or projections as to what the prevailing market price for our common stock will be at any time, including as to whether our common stock will sustain current market prices, or as to what effect that the sale of shares or the availability of common stock for sale at any time will have on the prevailing market price.

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies.  These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock. 

Our common stock is subject to price volatility unrelated to our operations.

The market price of our common stock could fluctuate substantially due to a variety of factors, including market perception of our ability to achieve our planned growth, quarterly operating results of other companies in the same industry, trading volume in our common stock, changes in general conditions in the economy and the financial markets or other developments affecting the Company’s competitors or the Company itself.

A decline in the price of our common stock could affect our ability to raise working capital and adversely impact our ability to continue operations.

A prolonged decline in the price of our common stock could result in a reduction in the liquidity of our common stock and a reduction in our ability to raise capital.  A decline in the price of our common stock could be especially detrimental to our liquidity, our operations and strategic plans.  Such reductions may force us to reallocate funds from other planned uses and may have a significant negative effect on our business plan and operations, including our ability to develop new services and continue our current operations.  If our common stock price declines, we can offer no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital or generate funds from operations sufficient to meet our obligations.  If we are unable to raise sufficient capital in the future, we may not be able to have the resources to continue our normal operations.

Concentrated ownership of our common stock creates a risk of sudden changes in our common stock price.

The sale by any shareholder of a significant portion of their holdings could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock. 

Sales of our currently issued and outstanding stock may become freely tradable pursuant to Rule 144 and may dilute the market for your shares and have a depressive effect on the price of the shares of our common stock.

Approximately 41% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock are “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) (“Rule 144”).  As restricted shares, these shares may be resold only pursuant to an effective registration statement or under the requirements of Rule 144 or other applicable exemptions from registration under the Securities Act and as required under applicable state securities laws. Rule 144 provides in essence that a non-affiliate who has held restricted securities for a period of at least six months may sell their shares of common stock.  Under Rule 144, affiliates who have held restricted securities for a period of at least six months may, under certain conditions, sell every three months, in brokerage transactions, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of 1% of a company’s outstanding shares of common stock or the average weekly trading volume during the four calendar weeks prior to the sale.  A sale under Rule 144 or under any other exemption from the Securities Act, if available, or pursuant to subsequent registrations of our shares of common stock, may have a depressive effect upon the price of our shares of common stock in any active market that may develop.

If we issue additional shares or derivative securities in the future, it will result in the dilution of our existing stockholders.

Our Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, authorizes the issuance of up to 50,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.0001 par value per share. Our board of directors may choose to issue some or all of such shares, or derivative securities to purchase some or all of such shares, to provide additional financing in the future.

We do not plan to declare or pay any dividends to our stockholders in the near future.

We have not declared any Common Stock dividends in the past, and we do not intend to distribute dividends in the near future. The declaration, payment and amount of any future dividends will be made at the discretion of the board of directors and will depend upon, among other things, the results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, operating and capital requirements, and other factors as the board of directors considers relevant.  There is no assurance that future dividends will be paid, and if dividends are paid, there is no assurance with respect to the amount of any such dividend.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and distract management.

As a public company, we are subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), the Securities Act of 1933 and as well as the governance rules of Nasdaq. These rules, regulations and requirements are extensive. We may incur significant costs associated with our public company corporate governance and reporting requirements.  This may divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.  We also expect that these applicable rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage.  As a result, it may be more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified individuals to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers.

Future changes in financial accounting standards or practices may cause adverse unexpected financial reporting fluctuations and affect reported results of operations.

A change in accounting standards or practices can have a significant effect on our reported results and may even affect our reporting of transactions completed before the change is effective.  New accounting standards and varying interpretations of accounting standards have occurred and may occur in the future.  Changes to existing rules or the questioning of current practices may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct business.

“Penny Stock” rules may make buying or selling our common stock difficult.

Trading in our common stock has previously been subject to the “penny stock” rules. The SEC has adopted regulations that generally define a penny stock to be any equity security that has a market price of less than $5.00 per share, subject to certain exceptions. These rules require that any broker-dealer that recommends our common stock to persons other than prior customers and accredited investors, must, prior to the sale, make a special written suitability determination for the purchaser and receive the purchaser’s written agreement to execute the transaction. Unless an exception is available, the regulations require the delivery, prior to any transaction involving a penny stock, of a disclosure schedule explaining the penny stock market and the risks associated with trading in the penny stock market. In addition, broker-dealers must disclose commissions payable to both the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities they offer. The additional burdens imposed upon broker-dealers by such requirements may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in our common stock, which could severely limit the market price and liquidity of our common stock. 

ITEM 1B: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

None.

ITEM 2: PROPERTIES.

The Company does not own any physical location.

The Company currently leases its corporate headquarters and warehouse in Chestnut Ridge, NY. We believe that our current headquarters and warehouse facility are sufficient in size for current and future operations. The current leases for the headquarters and warehouse expire in 2020 and each contain a renewal option for an additional five-year period.

The United Kingdom operations are managed from employee based virtual offices in the UK. 

The Entsorga Plant is located in Martinsburg, West Virginia has a 30-year initial term land lease with a municipal authority for industrial property adjacent to its previously closed landfill site with four separate renewal periods of 5-years each.

ITEM 3: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

On February 7, 2018, Lemartec Corporation (“Lemartec”) filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia arising out of the construction of the Company’s resource recovery facility in Martinsburg, West Virginia alleging breach of contract and unjust enrichment. The Company has filed its answer and counterclaims for damages against Lemartec and cross claims against Lemartec’s performance bond surety, Philadelphia Indemnity Insurance Company. The trial was scheduled to begin in August 2020. Subsequent to year end and prior to the start of the trial, on March 12, 2020 the Company entered into a settlement agreement that detailed the full and final mutual release. The settlement agreement provides that the Company pay Lemartec $775,000 in installments of $475,000 within 60 days of the execution of the settlement agreement and $25,000 each month thereafter for 12 months. The Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 reflects this liability given the nature of the subsequent event.

It is management’s opinion that the resolution of this claim will not materially effect the Company’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

From time to time, we are a party to, or otherwise involved in, legal proceedings arising in the normal and ordinary course of business. As of the date of this report, we are not aware of any other proceeding, threatened or pending, against us which, if determined adversely, would have a material effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

ITEM 4: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.  

PART II

ITEM 5: MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

Our common stock first became quoted on the Over-the-Counter Bulletin Board, or “OTCBB” under the trading symbol “SWFR” on March 27, 2014. On September 16, 2015, our common stock began trading under the name BioHiTech Global, Inc. and under the trading symbol “BHTG”. On February 12, 2016, the common stock was uplisted to the OTCQB Venture Marketplace. On April 9, 2018 the common stock was uplisted to the Nasdaq Capital Market.

The number of record holders of our common stock as of December 31, 2019, was approximately 55 based on information received from our transfer agent. This amount excludes an indeterminate number of shareholders whose shares are held in “street” or “nominee” name with a brokerage firm or other fiduciary.

We have not paid or declared any cash dividends on our common stock, and we do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future.

The information set forth under Item 5(d) is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES

General

The Company’s authorized capital stock consists of 60,000,000 shares of capital stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 50,000,000 shares are common stock, par value $0.0001 per share and 10,000,000 shares are “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share.

Common Stock

Holders of Company’s common stock are entitled to one vote per share on each matter submitted to vote of the Company’s stockholders. Holders of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights. Stockholders do not have any preemptive rights or other similar rights to acquire additional shares of Company’s common stock or other securities. Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to share in all dividends that the board of directors, in its discretion, declares from legally available funds.  In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up, subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, each outstanding share of common stock entitles its holder to participate ratably in all remaining assets of the Company that are available for distribution to stockholders after providing for each class of stock, if any, having preference over the common stock.

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue from time to time, in one or more series, 10,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, subject to any limitations prescribed by law, without further vote or action by the shareholders. Each such series of preferred stock shall have such number of shares, designations, preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special or relative rights or privileges as shall be determined by the Company’s board of directors, which may include, among others, dividend rights, voting rights, liquidation preferences, conversion rights and preemptive rights. As of December 31, 2019, there were five series of preferred stock designated:

RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES

On April 23, 2019 the Company settled a legal matter. In connection with the settlement, the Registrant issued to the plaintiff 75,000 unregistered shares of its common stock. 

From May 10, 2019 through June 28, 2019, the Registrant entered into a series of Investor Subscription Agreements with 24 accredited investors (the “Investors”), pursuant to which the Registrant agreed to sell and the Investors agreed to purchase in a private placement offering units (the “Units”) in the aggregate offering amount of $1,885,000. Each Unit, which may be offered in fractions, amount of $100,000, is comprised of 1,000 Shares of the Registrant’s Series D Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Shares”) and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase a number of shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), up to such 50% of the number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series D Preferred Share at an exercise price of $3.50 per share of Common Stock.

Each share of Series D Preferred Shares has a stated value of $100.00 and is convertible into shares of Common Stock at the price of $3.50 per share based on the stated value of the Series D Preferred being converted. The Series D Preferred Shares has usual dividends at the rate of 9% payable annually in arrears in cash or, at the Company’s option, in Common Stock based upon the then in effect conversion price. The Series D Preferred Shares also have an alternative dividend provision based upon the cash flow distributed to the parent from the Company’s next HEBioT facility, excluding the Company’s plant in Martinsburg, West Virginia, (“the Next Facility”) based upon the Series D Preferred Shares proportional investment in the facility. The Series D Preferred Shares also has an alternative conversion based upon a multiple of the annualized EBITDA of the Next Facility converted at the higher of the conversion rate in effect or the market price of the Company’s common stock if higher.

The Units, the Series D Preferred Shares and the Warrants were offered and sold without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as provided in Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. The Units, the Series D Preferred Shares and the Warrants and the Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series D Preferred Shares and the Warrants have not been registered under the Securities Act or any other applicable securities laws, and unless so registered, may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

The Registrant paid placement agent fees of $97,500 and $15,000 in cash to Network 1 Financial Securities, Inc. and ViewTrade Securities Inc., respectively.

On September 6, 2019, 18,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were converted for 50,000 shares of Common Stock.

From September 26, 2019 through March 10, 2020, in a series of transactions $225,000 of accrued dividends of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock were paid for with 125,000 shares of Common Stock.

On March 9, 2020 the Registrant designated a new series of preferred stock and subsequently on March 18, 2020 had an initial closing of $1,500,000 on 13,045 shares of the new series of preferred stock and 178,597 common stock warrants. This initial closing was followed by an additional closing on April 6, 2020 of $65,000 on 566 shares of the new series of preferred stock and 7,750 common stock warrants. The newly designated series, the Series F Redeemable, Convertible Preferred Stock (the Sr. F Preferred Stock) is comprised of 30,090 shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share and a stated value per share of $115.00 that has a dividend rate of 9%. The Sr. F Preferred Stock is convertible by the holder at any time at a conversion rate of $2.10, subject to certain antidilution adjustments and is redeemable by the Registrant after 24 months at its stated value, plus any outstanding accrued or accumulated dividends for cash, or if the Registrant’s common stock is trading over $3.00 per share and has daily trading volume of over 50,000 shares, for the Registrant’s common stock at the conversion rate in effect at the time. In connection with the offering of the Sr. F Preferred Stock, the Registrant also issued warrants that expire in five years to acquire the Registrant’s common stock at $2.30 per share.

The Series F Shares are convertible into shares of Common Stock at a fixed conversion price of $2.10 per share of Common Stock subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments (the “Conversion Price”) and redeemable by the Company twenty-four (24) months after issuance for cash, provided that such cash payment is permissible under the Company’s existing indebtedness and obligations, or for shares of Common Stock at the Stated Value, plus any outstanding accrued or accumulated dividends if the closing price of the Common Stock is over $3.00 per share and the average daily, trading volume is over 50,000 shares. The Series F Shares will also accrue dividends at the rate of nine percent (9%) per annum, payable in semi-annual installments of cash, provided such cash payment is permitted, or at the option of the Purchaser, in shares of Common Stock at the Conversion Price. In addition, the Series F Shares, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends, may be converted at any time by the Investors into Common Stock at the Conversion Price.

All of the securities referred to, above, were offered and sold without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) in reliance on the exemptions provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as provided in Rule 506(b) of Regulation D promulgated thereunder. All of the foregoing securities as well the Common Stock issuable upon conversion or exercise of such securities, have not been registered under the Securities Act or any other applicable securities laws and are deemed restricted securities, and unless so registered, may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

The sale of securities did not involve a public offering; the Company made no solicitation in connection with the sale other than communications with the investors; the Company obtained representations from the investors regarding their investment intent, experience and sophistication; and the investors either received or had access to adequate information about the Company in order to make an informed investment decision.

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PARTIES

The following table presents information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of the issuer or any “affiliated party” of shares or other units of any class of the Company’s equity securities. The Company has no announced plans or programs to acquire its equity securities.

ITEM 6: SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by 17 C.F.R. 229(10)(f)(i) and are not required to provide the information under this heading.

ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in the consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere herein and in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Readers should carefully review the risk factors disclosed in this Form 10-K and other documents filed by the Company with the SEC.

As used in this report, the terms “Company”, “we”, “our”, and “us” refer to BioHiTech Global, Inc., a Delaware corporation.

PRELIMINARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “believes,” “estimates,” “intends”, “plans”, “could,” “possibly,” “probably,” anticipates,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” or “should,” “designed to,” “designed for,” or other variations or similar words or language. The forward-looking statements are based on the current expectations of the Company and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those set forth in the discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this report. Actual results may differ materially from results anticipated in these forward-looking statements. We base the forward-looking statements on information currently available to us, and we assume no obligation to update them.

 Company Overview

The Company’s mission is to reduce the environmental impact of the waste management industry through the development and deployment of cost-effective technology solutions. The Company’s suite of technologies includes on-site biological processing equipment for food waste, patented processing facilities for the conversion of municipal solid waste into an E.P.A. recognized renewable fuel, and proprietary real-time data analytics tools to reduce food waste generation. These unique proprietary solutions can enable certain businesses and municipalities of all sizes to lower disposal costs while having a positive impact on the environment.  When used individually or in combination, the Company’s solutions can reduce the carbon footprint associated with waste transportation, repurpose non-recyclable plastics, and significantly reduce landfill usage.

Revolution Series™ Digesters

The Company currently markets an aerobic digestion technology solution for the disposal of food waste at the point of generation. Its line of Revolution Series Digesters, launched in the second half of 2017, have been described as self-contained, robotic biological digestive systems that are as easy to install as a standard dishwasher with no special electrical or plumbing requirements. The units range in size depending upon capacity, with the smallest unit approximately the size of a residential washing machine. The digesters utilize a biological process to convert food waste into a liquid that is safe to discharge down an ordinary drain. This process can result in a substantial reduction in costs for customers including restaurants, grocery stores, and hotel/hospitality companies by eliminating the transportation and logistics costs associated with food waste disposal. The process also reduces the greenhouse gases associated with food-waste transportation and decomposition in landfills that have been linked to climate change. The Company offers its Revolution Series Digesters in several sizes targeting small to mid-sized food waste generators with both sale and rental options that are often more economical than traditional disposal methods. The Revolution Series Digesters are manufactured and assembled in the United States.

In an effort to expand the capabilities of its digesters, the Company developed a sophisticated IoT technology platform to provide its customers with transparency into their waste generation and operational practices. This patented process collects weight related data from the digesters to deliver real-time data that provides valuable information that when analyzed, can improve efficiency and validate corporate sustainability efforts. The Company provides its IoT platform through a SaaS (“Software as a Service”) model that is either bundled in its rental agreements or sold through a separate annual software license. Prior to the launch of its Revolution Series Digesters, the Company marketed earlier generations of its digesters under the Eco-Safe brand. These units were larger sized and typically marketed to mid- and large-sized food waste generators, including the Federal Government. The Company continues to add new capacity sizes to its line of Revolution Series Digesters to meet customer needs.

HEBioT Resource Recovery Technology

The Company expanded its technology business in 2016 through the acquisition of certain development rights to a patented Mechanical Biological Treatment (“MBT”) technology developed by a European engineering firm that relies upon High Efficiency Biological Treatment (“HEBioT”) to process waste at the municipal or enterprise level. The technology results in a substantial reduction in landfill usage by converting a significant portion of intake, including organic waste and non-recyclable plastics, into a United States EPA recognized alternative fuel that can be used as a partial replacement for coal.

The Company also, through a series of transactions in 2017 and 2018, acquired a controlling interest in the Nation’s first municipal waste processing facility utilizing the HEBioT technology located in Martinsburg, West Virginia (the “Martinsburg Facility”). The Martinsburg Facility, which commenced operations in 2019, is capable of processing up to 110,000 tons of mixed municipal waste annually. At full capacity, the Martinsburg Facility can achieve an annual savings of over 2.3 million cubic feet of landfill space and eliminate many of the greenhouse gases associated with landfilling that waste. The Company plans to build additional HEBioT facilities in the coming years and is currently in the permitting process to build a second facility in New York State.

Combined Offering

The Company’s suite of products and services positions it as a leading provider of cost-effective, technology-based alternatives to traditional waste disposal in the United States. The use of the Company’s technology solutions independently or in combination, can help its customers meet sustainability goals by achieving a significant reduction in greenhouse gases associated with waste transportation and landfilling. In addition, the repurposing of municipal waste into a cleaner burning, EPA recognized, renewable fuel can further reduce potentially harmful emissions associated with traditional means of disposal. The overall reduction in carbon and other greenhouse gases that are linked to climate change that could be achieved through the utilization of the Company’s technology can serve as a model for the future of waste disposal in the United States.  

In addition to its technology business, the Company provides executive oversight services for a traditional waste management and recycling company that is contracted to deliver municipal waste to the Company’s Martinsburg Facility.  

Results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019

compared to the year ended December 31, 2018

 The following summarizes our operating results for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. For comparison purposes the results of Entsorga West Virginia, LLC have been separated, resulting in the remaining BioHiTech entities, which are presented as “Comparable Units”.

HEBioT Facility

The year ended December 31, 2019 include financial results from the Entsorga West Virginia HEBioT facility (“EWV”). EWV is not included in the comparable 2018 period, as BioHiTech did not have a controlling interest and the facility was under construction and was not operational during that time. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the EWV initiated operations that included continued modifications and adjustments to the facility and the process, which contributed to a longer than anticipated commissioning process. During commissioning the facility increased incoming Municipal Solid Waste (“MSW”) and Commercial & Industrial (“C&I”) volumes resulting revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 of $1,111,071, which is significantly less than its design capacity. During this commissioning period, revenues were primarily driven by fees associated with the receipt of inbound waste materials (“Tip” fees). During this period, the facility continued to further refine the solid recovered fuel (“SRF”) and quality assurance practices and as such the delivery of SRF and the associated revenues were not significant during this period. As a result of the protracted commissioning period, additional disposal fees were incurred as compared to management’s expectations. In mid-December of 2019, the company’s primary SRF customer, a local cement manufacturer (“Argos”), successfully completed the installation of its SRF feedline, allowing the company the ability to consistently accept SRF as an alternative to bituminous coal. Despite the completion of the feedline in Mid-December 2019, the delivery of SRF was delayed until 2020 as Argos experienced an operational shut down for routine scheduled maintenance and therefore could not accept any SRF during the month of December. The shutdown ran through Mid-February of 2020 with the feedline operational in late February 2020. In addition to experiencing higher than anticipated disposal costs during 2019, the EWV’s operating expenses, which amounted to $4,263,782 for the year ended December 31, 2019, were higher as compared to revenues, as the expenses related to operating the facility at full capacity (i.e. full labor support as well as full utilities) without the benefit of the operation achieving maximum inbound waste capacity and the sale of SRF. Consistent deliveries of SRF to Argos commenced toward the end of the first quarter of 2020 and is anticipated to lead to a normalization of revenues and disposal costs as the facility operates at designed levels of activities.

Comparable Units

The following summarizes the revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Overall comparable unit revenue decreased by $250,947 (7.5%), driven by a $360,957 (65.9%) decrease in equipment sales resulting from our strategic decision to not aggressively market the Revolution digesters to smaller deployment customers. Rental, service and maintenance increased by $145,162 (8.1%) as a result of an increase of $309,080 (26.3%) in rental revenues, which accounts for 76.2% and 65.2%, respectively of rental, service and maintenance for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, offset by a decrease in billable service and parts that is the result of improved product design and quality. Management advisory and other fees decreased by $35,152 (3.5%) as a result of a decrease in project related special projects.

The product contribution from rental, service and maintenance increased by $245,213 (26.7%) from 2018 to 2019 as a result of improved margin rates of 59.7% in 2019, as compared to 50.9% in 2018. The product contribution from equipment sales decreased by $71,399 (49.2%) as a result of decreased sales offset by improved margins of 39.5% and 26.5% in 2019 and 2018, respectively. These increased margins were the result of higher margins on the Revolution digesters and the sale of used equipment that had lower cost basis.

The following summarizes selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Overall, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $579,507 (8.7%).

Personnel, excluding stock based compensation decreased by $784,372 (20.7%) as a result of decreased staffing that was initiated in late 2018 and continued into the first half of 2019 based on business needs, as well as decreases initiated during the second half of 2019. Stock based compensation increased by $270,054 (33.2%) as a result accelerating vesting of some personnel offset by forfeitures of unvested awards of separated employees.

Professional fees decreased by $108,369 (12.6%) primarily due to decreases of $258,957 (30.1%) in legal fees resulting from transactional and patent work decreases, a decrease of $44,500 in strategy consulting resulting from the settlement of a legal dispute, and a $5,421 (16.7%) decrease in public relations contract, offset by an increase of $135,073 (45.6%) in accounting fees resulting from the increase in our operations and tax research related to the Section 382 evaluation of net operating loss carry forwards and an increase of $65,437 (66.7%) in general investor relations ahead of our September 2019 common stock offering as well as after in improving stock liquidity.

Facility and office costs increased by $13,540 (3.6%) primarily as a result of an increase in service fees.

Sales, marketing and other decreased by $317,015 (37.9%) primarily as a result of decreases in travel and entertainment of $102,980 (12.6%), trade shows and other marketing of $28,274 (34.5%), regulatory costs, including those related to the 2018 uplisting to NASDAQ, of $63,004 (30.6%) and a net improvement in foreign currency exchange of $145,913 to a net benefit in 2019 from a net loss in 2018 as a result of the swing in the USD – GBP between the periods.

Impairment expenses of $346,654 were recognized in 2019 as the result of the abandonment of a HEBioT site prior to permitting. 

Consolidated Company

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization increased from the year ended December 31, 2018 to the year ended December 31, 2019 by $1,261,251 due primarily to $1,233,769 of depreciation and amortization related to the HEBioT facility, which came online in 2019.

 Other (income) expenses

The following summarizes other (income) expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:

Other net expenses decreased from the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to the year ended December 31, 2019 by $6,864,946 due to a decrease of $6,424,970 in warrant valuation expense and a $1,164,544, increase in net gain on the sale of an affiliate investment, as compared to equity losses in affiliates in 2018. Net interest expense increased by $724,568, which is the result of $2,050,961 of net interest related to the HEBioT facility offset by $1,326,393 decrease in interest expense primarily as the result of conversions of debt to equity in February and April 2018 and from the completion of discount amortizations of the Company’s Series A preferred stock in late 2018.

Income tax

For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 there was no net provision for income tax due to the losses incurred and management’s evaluation of the recovery of the tax asset resulting in net operating loss carryforward. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $28,572,000 and $14,325,000 for federal and state income tax purposes, respectively. For purposes of Internal Revenue Code Section 382, the annual utilization of net operating loss carryovers are subject to limitation resulting from a more than 50% ownership change as determined under the regulations, which occurred during the year ended December 31, 2019. The federal net operating losses of approximately $14,200,000, generated in tax years beginning before January 1, 2018, will begin to expire in 2036 if not utilized. The balance of the net operating losses, approximately $14,372,000 do not expire.

 Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company currently generates revenues from rental and sales of its digesters and related goods and services and revenues from the HEBioT technologies and management fees charged to an affiliate. The Company's other known sources of capital are common and preferred stock offerings, proceeds from private placements, issuance of notes payable, convertible notes payable, and investments, loans and advances from related and unrelated parties and cash from future revenues.

The Company will require additional financing in order to execute our business expansion and development plans and we may require additional financing in order to sustain substantial future business operations for an extended period of time. Subsequent to December 31, 2019, the Company designated a new series of preferred stock and raised $1,565,000 on 13,611 shares of the new series of preferred stock and 186,347 common stock warrants through April 6, 2020. The Company was funded $421,300 on May 13, 2020 through the Paycheck Protection Program and has applied for an additional $200,000, which has not yet been approved. While the Company has a history of obtaining adequate capital and maintaining liquidity, it is actively soliciting other forms of financing but do not have any firm commitments for additional financing. Should we not be able to obtain financing when required, in the amounts necessary to execute on our plans in full, or on terms which are economically feasible we may be unable to sustain the necessary capital to pursue our strategic plan and may have to reduce the planned future growth and scope of our operations.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company had a consolidated net loss of $10,280,061, incurred a consolidated loss from operations of $7,535,214 and used net cash in consolidated operating activities of $7,134,600. At December 31, 2019, consolidated total stockholders’ equity amounted to $7,369,725, consolidated stockholders’ equity attributable to parent amounted to $2,024,143 and the Company had a consolidated working capital deficit of $5,351,686. The Company does not yet have a history of financial profitability. Historically, the principal source of liquidity has been the issuance of debt and equity securities. Presently, the Company does not have firm commitments to fully fund its future operational and strategic plans, although subsequent to December 31, 2019 the Company raised $1,565,000 from the issuance of Series F Redeemable, Convertible Preferred Stock and warrants. The Company was funded $421,300 on May 13, 2020 through the Paycheck Protection Program and has applied for an additional $200,000, which has not yet been approved. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The ability of the Company to continue as a going concern is dependent on management’s further implementation of the Company’s on-going and strategic plans, which include continuing to raise funds through equity and/or debt raises. Should the Company be unable to raise adequate funds, certain aspects of the on-going and strategic plans may require modification.

The Company is presently in the process of raising additional debt for general operations and to support its leasing activities. The Company may also raise capital through its Registration Statement on Form S-3 declared effective on July 11, 2018, by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Shelf Registration”) for investment in several strategic initiatives. The Shelf Registration was utilized during September 2019 to raise net proceeds of $3,035,557 through a confidentially marketed public offering of common shares. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to raise sufficient capital or debt to sustain operations or to pursue other strategic initiatives or that such financing will be on terms that are favorable to the Company.

Cash

As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had unrestricted cash balances of $1,847,526 and $2,410,709, respectively.

Borrowings and Debt

The table below presents borrowings as of December 31, 2019 at net carrying amount and at face amount as due at their future maturities.

Cash Flows

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

We used $7,134,600 of cash in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2019, an increase of $1,090,456 over $ 6,044,144 of cash used in operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2018. Our net loss during the year ended December 31, 2019 of $10,280,061 was reduced by $3,274,240 of non-cash income and expenses resulting in $7,005,821 of operational cash usage before changes in operational assets and liabilities, as compared to operational cash usage before changes in operational assets and liabilities of $4,846,910 for the year ended December 31, 2018. This $2,158,911 increase in usage before changes in operational assets and liabilities was primarily driven by an increase of $3,721,990 at EWV offset by an improvement of $1,563,079 at the Comparable units.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net Cash used in investing activities amounted to $2,879,385 for the year ended December 31, 2019, which was principally comprised of $5,111,209 of facility investments at the HEBioT plant, offset by the sale proceeds of $2,250,000 from the sale of our investment in affiliate. Net Cash used in investing activities amounted to $691,216 for the year ended December 31, 2018, before recognizing the $6,773,384 in cash provided by the control acquisition of Entsorga West Virginia, LLC  

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Cash provided by financing activities amounted to $6,346,741 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $8,151,235 for the year ended December 31, 2018, a decrease of $1,804,494. During the year ended December 31, 2018, we received $4,808,057 of proceeds from the issuance of common and preferred stock. In 2019 and 2018, we also had non-controlling member contributions to a consolidated subsidiary of $1,400,000 and $3,500,000, respectively.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Use of Estimates — The preparation of consolidated financial statements, in conformity with GAAP requires the extensive use of management’s estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including, but not limited to, valuation of deferred tax assets, share based compensation, allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, obsolete, slow moving and excess inventory, asset valuations, including intangibles, and useful lives and other provisions and contingencies.

Product and Services Revenue Recognition — The Company records revenue based on a five-step model in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which require that we: 1.Identify the contract with a customer; 2. Identify the performance obligations in the contract; 3. Determine the transaction price of the contract; 4. Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and; 5. Recognize revenue when the performance obligations are met or delivered.

When revenue is earned based on product sales, such as sales of digester equipment and parts, solid recovered fuel and recycled materials, the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied at the point in time when products are shipped to the customer, which is when the customer has title and control. Therefore, the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation (shipment of product). The Company primarily receives fixed consideration for sales of products. When revenue is earned on services, such as management advisory fees and digester maintenance and repair services fees are recognized over the period the services are performed based on service milestones.

Lease Revenue Recognition — Rental, service and maintenance revenues relating to the Company’s rental agreements involve providing use of the Company’s digesters at customer locations, access to our software as a service and preventative maintenance over the term. The agreements generally provide for flat monthly payments that the Company believes are consistent with our costs and obligations underlying the agreements.

The Company selected the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components. The Company recognizes revenue from the rental of the digester units ratably on a monthly basis over the term of the lease, as it has determined that the rental agreements entered into in connection with its digester units qualify as operating leases, for which the Company is the operating lessor. In order to determine lease classification as operating, the Company evaluates the terms of the rental agreement to determine if the lease includes any provisions which would indicate sales type lease treatment.

Long-Lived Assets — The Company assesses potential impairments to its long-lived assets if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed annually for impairment, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impaired asset is written down to its estimated fair value based upon the most recent information available. Estimated fair market value is generally measured by discounting estimated future cash flows.

Income Taxes — Deferred income taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities given provisions of enacted laws. Deferred income tax provisions and benefits are based on changes to the asset or liabilities from year to year. In providing for deferred taxes, the Company considers tax regulations of the jurisdictions in which it operates, estimates the future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. If tax regulations, operating results or the ability to implement tax planning and strategies vary, adjustments to the carrying value of deferred tax assets and liabilities may be required. Valuation allowances are recorded related to deferred tax assets based on the “more than likely” criteria.

Financial Instruments, Convertible Instruments, Warrants and Derivatives — The Company reviews its convertible instruments for the existence of embedded conversion features that may require bifurcation. If certain criteria are met, the bifurcated derivative financial instrument is required to be recorded at fair value. The Company also reviews and re-assesses, at each reporting date, any common stock purchase warrants and other freestanding derivative financial instruments and classifies them on the consolidated balance sheet as equity, assets or liabilities based upon the nature of the instruments.

Stock-Based Compensation — The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, “Compensation - Stock Compensation.” ASC 718 requires generally that all equity awards be accounted for at their “fair value.” This fair value is measured on the grant date for stock-settled awards. Fair value is equal to the underlying value of the stock for “full-value” awards such as restricted stock and performance shares, and is estimated using an option-pricing model with traditional inputs for “appreciation” awards such as stock options and stock appreciation rights.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company adopted the following recent accounting standards:

In February 2016, the FASB issued new lease accounting guidance (ASU No. 2016-02, Leases), which has subsequently been amended by ASU No. 2018-11, Leases in July 2018. Under the new guidance, at the commencement date, lessees will be required to recognize a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and a right-of use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. The new guidance is not applicable for leases with a term of 12 months or less. Lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Public business entities should apply the amendments in ASU 2016-02 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. ASU 2018-11 provides that under certain instances lessors may not be required to separate the components of the contracts. As a lessor of digester equipment under operating leases, the new guidance did not have a material impact on the financial statements. As a lessee under operating leases the adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements, resulting in an increase of 2% to each of our total assets and total liabilities on our balance sheet, and had an immaterial impact to retained earnings as of the beginning of 2019.

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842, Codification Improvements), which removed the requirement for an entity to disclose in the interim periods after adoption, the effect of the change on income from continuing operations, net income, any other affected financial statement line item, or per share amount. For lessors, the new leasing standard requires leases to be classified as sales-type, direct financing or operating leases. These criteria focus on the transfer of control of the underlying asset. This standard and related updates were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2019-01 on January 2019. See Note 19 for disclosures related to this amended guidance.

The Company has not yet implemented the following accounting standard:

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This standard requires an allowance to be recorded for all expected credit losses for certain financial assets. The new standard introduces an approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public companies for interim and annual period beginning December 15, 2020. Entities are required to apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. The Company has not yet adopted this update and is currently evaluating the effect this new standard will have on its financial condition and results of operations.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are a smaller reporting company as defined by 17 C.F.R. 229 (10)(f)(i) and are not required to provide information under this item.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

The information required by Item 8 appears after the signature page to this report. 

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES

None. 

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), the Company carried out an evaluation, with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the Company’s principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (the Company’s principal financial and accounting officer), of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

The management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. Our internal control system was designed to, in general, provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board regarding the preparation and fair presentation of published financial statements, but because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. The framework used by management in making that assessment was the criteria set forth in the document entitled “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that assessment, our management has determined that as of December 31, 2019, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was not effective for the purposes for which it is intended and determined there to be a material weakness.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Because of our limited operations we have a small number of employees which prohibits a segregation of duties, which results in a material weakness over disclosure controls and procedures, as well as internal control over financial reporting. As we grow and expand our operations, we will engage additional employees and experts as needed. However, there can be no assurance that our operations will expand.

Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. Other Information

As reported above, on February 7, 2018, Lemartec Corporation (“Lemartec”) filed a complaint against the Company in the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia arising out of the construction of the Company’s resource recovery facility in Martinsburg, West Virginia alleging breach of contract and unjust enrichment. The Company has filed its answer and counterclaims for damages against Lemartec and cross claims against Lemartec’s performance bond surety, Philadelphia Indemnity Insurance Company. Trial was last expected to begin in August 2020. Subsequent to year end, on March 12, 2020 the Company entered into a settlement agreement and full and final mutual release with Lemartec that provides that the Company pay Lemartec $775,000 in installments of $475,000 upon entering into the agreement and $25,000 each month thereafter for 12 months. The effect of this settlement has been reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

The information set forth under Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K with respect to our 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Code of Conduct and Ethics

We have adopted Codes of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to our employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and persons performing similar functions, and our directors. Our codes of ethics and business conduct can be found posted in the investor relations sections on our website at http://investors.biohitechglobal.com/corporate-governance. None of the websites referenced in this Annual Report on or the information contained therein is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information set forth under Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K with respect to our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters

The information set forth under Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K with respect to our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information set forth under Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K with respect to our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information set forth under Item 14 is incorporated herein by reference to our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K with respect to our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

PART IV

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: May 22, 2020

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

BioHiTech Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

BioHiTech Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries 

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BioHiTech Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries 

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Continued on following page.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BioHiTech Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets, continued:

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BioHiTech Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Note 22 includes supplemental cash flow information, non-cash investing and financing activities and changes in operating assets and liabilities.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BioHiTech Global, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

Statement of Stockholders’ Equity Attributable to Parent for the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and 2018: