Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ☐ Item 18 ☐

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

This annual report on Form 20-F is incorporated by reference into the registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8, File Nos. 333-113552, 333-132221 and 333-149553.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

We have filed this annual report on Form 20-F in reliance on the 45-day extension provided by an order issued by SEC under Section 36 of the Exchange Act Modifying Exemptions From the Reporting and Proxy Delivery Requirements for Public Companies, dated March 25, 2020 (Release No. 34-88465) (the “Order”).

On April 30, 2020, we filed a Report on Form 6-K to indicate our intention to rely on the Order for such extension. Consistent with our statements made in the Form 6-K, we were unable to file the Original Form 20-F by April 30, 2020 because COVID-19 has caused severe disruptions in travel and transportation and limited access to our facilities resulting in limited support from our staff. We have been following the recommendations of local government and health authorities to minimize exposure risk for our employees. The disruptions delayed our ability to complete our annual review and prepare the Annual Report by April 30, 2020.

INTRODUCTION

We are a global provider of: (i) proprietary application development and business process integration platforms; (ii) selected packaged vertical software solutions; as well as (iii) software services and Information Technologies (“IT”) outsourcing software services. Our software technology is used by customers to develop, deploy and integrate on-premise, mobile and cloud-based business applications quickly and cost effectively. In addition, our technology enables enterprises to accelerate the process of delivering business solutions that meet current and future needs and allow customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment. With respect to software services and IT outsourcing services, we offer a vast portfolio of professional services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, integration projects, project management, software testing and quality assurance, engineering consulting (including supervision of engineering projects), support services, cloud computing for deployment of highly available and massively-scalable applications and API’s and supplemental outsourcing services, all according to the specific needs of the customer, and in accordance with the professional expertise required in each case. In addition, we offer a variety of proprietary comprehensive packaged software solutions through certain of our subsidiaries for (i) enterprise-wide and fully integrated medical platform )“Clicks”), specializing in the design and management of patient-file oriented software solutions for managed care and large-scale health care providers. This platform aims to allow providers to securely access an individual’s electronic health record at the point of care, and it organizes and proactively delivers information with potentially real time feedback to meet the specific needs of physicians, nurses, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, front- and back-office professionals and consumers; (ii) enterprise management systems for both hubs and traditional air cargo ground handling operations from physical handling and cargo documentation through customs, seamless electronic data interchange, or EDI communications, dangerous goods, special handling, track and trace, security to billing (“Hermes”); (iii) enterprise human capital management, or HCM, solutions, to facilitate the collection, analysis and interpretation of quality data about people, their jobs and their performance, to enhance HCM decision making (“HR Pulse”); (iv) revenue management and monetization solutions in mobile, wireline, broadband and mobile virtual network operator/enabler, or MVNO/E (“Leap”); and (v) comprehensive systems for managing broadcast channels in the area of TV broadcast management through cloud-based on-demand service or on-premise solutions;

Based on our technological capabilities, our software solutions enable customers to respond to rapidly-evolving market needs and regulatory changes, while improving the efficiency of their core operations. We have approximately 2,640 employees and operate through a network of over 3,000 independent software vendors, or ISVs, who we refer to as Magic Software Providers, or MSPs, and hundreds of system integrators, distributors, resellers, and consulting and OEM partners. Thousands of enterprises in approximately 50 countries use our products and services.

Our application development and business process integration platforms consist of:

These software solutions enable our customers to improve their business performance and return on investment by supporting cost-effective and rapid delivery integration of business applications, systems and databases. Using our products and our specialists, enterprises and MSPs can achieve fast time-to-market by rapidly building integrated solutions and deploy them in multiple environments while leveraging existing IT resources. In addition, our software solutions are scalable and platform-agnostic, enabling our customers to build software applications by specifying their business logic requirements in a high-level language rather than in computer code, and to benefit from seamless platform upgrades and cross-platform functionality without the need to re-write their applications. Our platforms also support the development of mobile applications that can be deployed on a variety of mobile devices, and in a cloud environment. In addition, we continuously evolve our platforms to include the latest technologies to meet the demands of our customers and the markets in which they operate.

We sell our platforms and software services globally through a broad channel network, including our own direct sales representatives and offices, independent country distributors, MSPs that use our technology to develop and sell solutions to their customers, and system integrators. We also offer software maintenance, support, training and consulting services to supplement with our products, thus aiding in the successful implementation of Magic xpa, AppBuilder, Magic xpi, Magic xpc, Magic Smart UX and FactoryEye projects, and assuring successful operation of the platforms once installed.

Our vertical packaged software solutions include:

In addition, we provide on an increasingly global basis a broad range of advanced software professional services and IT outsourcing services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, end-to-end application development, technology planning and implementation services, as well as outsourcing services to a wide variety of companies, including Fortune 1000 companies. The technical personnel we provide generally supplement in-house capabilities of our customers. We have extensive and proven experience with virtually all types of telecom infrastructure technologies in wireless and wire-line as well as in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, project management, technology planning and implementation services.

We have substantial experience in end-to-end development of high-end software solutions, beginning with collection and analysis of system requirements, continuing with architecture specifications and setup, to software implementation, component integration and testing. From concept to implementation, from application of the ideas of startups requiring the early development of an application or a device, to somewhat larger, more established enterprises, vendors or system houses who need our team of experts to take full responsibility for the development of their systems and products. With our ability to draw on our pool of resources, comprised of hundreds of highly trained, skilled, educated and flexible engineers, we adhere to timelines and budget and work in full transparency with our customers every step of the way to create a tailor-made and cost-effective solution to answer our customers’ unique needs.

Our consolidated financial statements appearing in this annual report are prepared in U.S. dollars and in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP.

We have obtained trademark registrations for SmartUX® in the United States and for Magic® in the United States, Canada, Israel, the Netherlands (Benelux), Switzerland, Thailand and the United Kingdom. All other trademarks and trade names appearing in this annual report are owned by their respective holders.

Statements made in this annual report concerning the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are summaries of such contracts, agreements or documents and are not complete descriptions of all of their terms. If we filed any of these documents as an exhibit to this annual report or to any previous filling with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, you may read the document itself for a complete recitation of its terms.

Definitions

In this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires:

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters discussed in this annual report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, that are based on our beliefs and assumptions as well as information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,”, “expect,” “may,” “will,” “plan” and similar expressions. Such statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are subject to certain risks and uncertainties. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to:

While we believe such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, should one or more of the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, or these risks or uncertainties materialize, our actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Please read the risks discussed in Item 3 – “Key Information” under the caption “Risk Factors” and cautionary statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report in order to review conditions that we believe could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this annual report, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 PART I

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The following table summarizes certain selected consolidated financial data for the periods and as of the dates indicated. The selected consolidated financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with and are qualified entirely by reference to Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this annual report.

We derived the following consolidated statement of income data for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The selected consolidated statement of income data for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2016 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this annual report. Our historical consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, and presented in U.S. dollars.

Statement of Income Data:

Balance Sheet Data:

Dividend Policy

Our Board of Directors’ dividend policy was amended on August 9, 2017 to distribute dividends of up to 75% of our annual distributable profits each year (previously 50% of our annual distributable profits), subject to any applicable law. We have paid dividends since 2012. Our Board of Directors may in its discretion and at any time, whether as a result of a one-time decision or a change in policy, change the rate of dividend distributions or decide not to distribute a dividend.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk and uncertainty. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below before investing in our ordinary shares. Our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected due to any of the following risks. In that case, the value of our ordinary shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

The current novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) and any other pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease may adversely affect our business.

If a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease occurs especially in the United States and in Israel or elsewhere, our business may be adversely affected. In December 2019, COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China. This virus continues to spread globally and as of April 2020, has spread to over 100 countries, including in the United States and Israel. The spread of COVID-19 has resulted in the World Health Organization declaring the outbreak of COVID-19 as a “pandemic” having a significant impact on global economic activity with governments around the world having closed office spaces, public transportation and schools and imposing quarantines and restrictions on travel and mass gatherings to slow the spread of the virus. The Government of Israel now requires all travelers arriving in Israel to remain in home quarantine until 14 days have passed since the date of entry into Israel. Non-Israeli residents will be required to prove they have the means to self-quarantine before being allowed entry into Israel. In addition, gatherings of 10 or more people in one place have been restricted, schools have been closed and employees are being asked to work remotely. Prolonged economic uncertainties or downturns could trigger a global recession that could materially adversely affect our business.

We currently anticipate that the COVID-19 outbreak will have a negative effect on our operations. The restrictions imposed as a result of the outbreak are likely to cause operating difficulties, and is likely to have a negative impact on our ability to generate revenues causing order cancellations, delays and the inability of certain of our sales and support teams to travel and/or meet with customers or provide on-site services. Our business depends on our current and prospective customers’ ability and willingness to invest money in IT systems and services, which in turn is dependent upon their overall economic health. Negative economic conditions in the global economy or certain regions especially in the United States and Israel, including conditions resulting from financial and credit market fluctuations, could cause a decrease in corporate spending on products and services that we sell. Wide-spread viruses and epidemics like the recent novel coronavirus outbreak, could also negatively affect our customers’ spending on our products and services. In 2019, 49% of our revenues were generated from North America, 38% of our revenues generated from Israel, and 13% from the rest of the world. Negative economic conditions may cause customers in general to reduce their IT spending. Customers may delay or cancel projects, choose to focus on in-house development efforts or seek to lower their costs by renegotiating maintenance and support agreements. Additionally, customers may be more likely to make late payments in worsening economic conditions, which could require us to increase our collection efforts and require us to incur additional associated costs to collect expected revenues. To the extent purchases of licenses for our software are perceived by customers and potential customers to be discretionary, our revenues may be disproportionately affected by delays or reductions in general IT spending. The extent to which COVID-19 impacts our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of COVID-19 and the actions to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact, among others.

The implementation of our M&A growth strategy, which requires the integration of our multiple acquired companies and their respective businesses, operations and employees with our own, involves significant risks, and the failure to integrate successfully may adversely affect our future results.

In the past decade we have completed more the 25 acquisitions. Most recently, in the second quarter of 2019, we acquired both NetEffects Inc and Powwow Inc after having acquired OnTarget Group Inc in the first quarter of 2019. These acquisitions are part of our integrated M&A growth strategy, which is centered on three key factors: growing our customer base, expanding geographically and adding complementary solutions and services to our portfolio— all while we seek to ensure our continued high quality of services and product delivery. Any failure to successfully integrate the business, operations and employees of our acquired companies, or to otherwise realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions, could harm our results of operations. Our ability to realize these benefits will depend on the timely integration and consolidation of organizations, operations, facilities, procedures, policies and technologies, and the harmonization of differences in the business cultures between these companies and their personnel. Integration of these businesses will be complex and time consuming, will involve additional expense and could disrupt our business and divert management’s attention from ongoing business concerns. The challenges involved in integrating NetEffects, Powwow, OnTarget Group and other former acquisitions include:

The benefits we expect to realize from these acquisitions are, necessarily, based on projections and assumptions about the combined businesses of our company, and assume, among other things, the successful integration of these acquired entities into our business and operations. Our projections and assumptions concerning our acquisitions may be inaccurate, however, and we may not successfully integrate the acquired companies and our operations in a timely manner, or at all. We may also be exposed to unexpected contingencies or liabilities of the acquired companies. If we do not realize the anticipated benefits of these transactions, our growth strategy and future profitability could be adversely affected.

We may encounter difficulties in realizing the potential financial or strategic benefits of recent business acquisitions. We expect to make additional acquisitions in the future that could disrupt our operations and harm our operating results.

A significant part of our business strategy is to pursue acquisitions and other initiatives based on strategy centered on three key factors: growing our customer base, expanding geographically and adding complementary solutions to our portfolio— all while we seek to ensure our continued high quality of services and product delivery. In the past five years we made numerous acquisitions, including: (i) in 2014, Datamind, a system integrator of user-driven Business Intelligence (“BI”) solutions (mainly QlikView and Qlik Sense) that enable customers to make better, faster and more informed business decisions, wherever they are; (ii) in 2014, Formula Telecom Solutions Ltd., an Israeli based global proprietary software vendor that specializes in the development, sale, service and support of business support systems, including convergent charging, billing, customer management, policy control and payment software solutions for the telecommunications, content, Machine to Machine/Internet of Things, or M2M/IoT, payment and other industries; (iii) in 2015, Comblack IT Ltd, an Israeli-based company specializing in software professional services and outsource services for mainframes and complex large-scale environments; (iv) in 2015, Infinigy Solutions LLC, a U.S.-based services company focused on expanding the development and implementation of technical solutions which delivers design-driven turnkey solutions, combining Architecture and Engineering, or A&E design project management and general contracting competencies, across the wireless communications industry; (v) in 2016, Roshtov Software Industries Ltd, an Israeli-based software company that is a local Israeli market leader in patient medical record information systems; (vi) in 2016, Shavit Software (2009) Ltd., an Israeli-based company specializing in software professional and outsource services; (vii) in late December 2017, Futurewave Systems, Inc., a U.S.-based full-service provider of consulting and outsourcing solutions for IT personnel; and (viii) in 2019, a San Francisco based, PowWow Inc., creator of SmartUX, a low-code development platform for mobilizing and modernizing enterprise business applications.

Mergers and acquisitions of companies are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control and no assurance can be given that our future acquisitions will be successful and will not adversely affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. In the future, we may seek to acquire or make strategic investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products, or enter into strategic partnerships or alliances with third parties in order to expand our business. Failure to manage and successfully integrate such acquisitions could materially harm our business and operating results. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products technologies and professional services to a failure to do so. Even when an acquired company has previously developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that new product enhancements will be made in a timely manner or that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products. If we acquire other businesses, we may face difficulties, including:

We are dependent on a limited number of core product families and services and a decrease in revenues from these products and services would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition; our future success will be largely dependent on the acceptance of future releases of our core product families and service offerings and if we are unsuccessful with these efforts, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. 

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales of application and integration platforms and vertical software solutions and from related professional services, software maintenance and technical support as well as from other IT professional services, which include IT consulting and outsourcing services. Our future growth depends heavily on our ability to effectively develop and sell new products developed by us or acquired from third parties as well as add new features to existing products and new software service offerings. A decrease in revenues from our principal products and services would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. 

Our future success depends in part on the continued acceptance of our application platforms and integration products primarily under our Magic xpa, Magic xpi, AppBuilder Magic xpc, FactoryEye and Magic SmartUX brands and our vertical packaged software solutions, primarily Clicks, Leap™, the Hermes solution and HR Pulse. The continued acceptance of these platforms and software solutions will be dependent in part on the continued acceptance and growth of the cloud market, including rich internet applications, or RIAs, mobile and software as a service, or SaaS, for which certain of them are particularly useful and advantageous. We will need to continue to enhance our products to meet evolving requirements and if new versions of such products are not accepted, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Rapid technological changes may adversely affect the market acceptance of our products and services, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We compete in a market that is characterized by rapid technological changes. Other companies are also seeking to offer integration solutions, low-code development solutions, enterprise mobility solutions, internet-related solutions, such as cloud computing, and complementary services to generate growth. These companies may develop technological or business model innovations or offer services in the markets that we seek to address that are, or are perceived to be, equivalent or superior to our software solutions and services. In addition, our customers’ business models may change in ways that we do not anticipate and these changes could reduce or eliminate our customers’ needs for our products and services. Our operating results depend on our ability to adapt to market changes and develop and introduce new products and services into existing and emerging markets.

The introduction of new technologies and devices could render existing products and services obsolete and unmarketable and could exert price pressures on our products and services. Our future success will depend upon our ability to address the increasingly sophisticated needs of our customers by:

Adapting to evolving technologies can require substantial financial investments, distract management and adversely affect the demand for our existing products and services.

Because our solutions are complex and require rigorous testing, development cycles can be lengthy, taking us up to two years to develop and introduce new, enhanced or modified solutions. Moreover, development projects can be technically challenging and expensive. The nature of these development cycles may cause us to experience delays between the time we incur expenses associated with research and development and the time we generate revenues, if any, from such expenses. In addition, adapting to evolving technologies may require us to invest a significant amount of resources, time and attention into the development, integration, support and marketing of those technologies. The acceptance and growth of cloud computing and enterprise mobility are examples of rapidly changing technologies, which we have adapted into our products, packaged software solution and software service offerings. This required us to make a substantial financial investment to develop and implement cloud computing and enterprise mobility into our software solution models and has required significant attention from our management to refine our business strategies to include the delivery of these solutions. As the market continues to adopt these new technologies, we expect to continue to make substantial investments in our software solutions, system integrations and professional services related to these changing technologies.  Even if we succeed in adapting to a new technology by developing attractive products and services and successfully bringing them to market, there is no assurance that the new product or service will have a positive impact on our financial performance and could even result in lower revenue, lower margins and higher costs and therefore could negatively impact our financial performance. If release dates of any future products or enhancements are delayed our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Our products have a lengthy sales cycle that could adversely affect our revenues.

The typical sales cycle for our solutions and services is lengthy and unpredictable, sometimes requires pre-purchase evaluation by a significant number of persons in our customers’ organizations, and often involves a significant operational decision by our customers as they typically use our software solutions and services to develop and deploy as well as to integrate applications that are critical to their businesses. Our sales efforts involve educating our customers and consultants about the use and benefits of our solutions, including the technical capabilities of our solutions and the efficiencies achievable by organizations deploying our solutions.. Because of the long approval process that typically accompanies strategic initiatives or capital expenditures by companies, our sales process is often delayed, with little or no control over any delays encountered by us. Our sales cycle, which generally ranges from three to twelve months, can be further extended for sales made through third party distributors. We spend substantial time, effort and money in our sales efforts without any assurance that such efforts will produce any sales.

If we fail to attract and retain highly skilled IT professionals, we may not have the necessary resources to properly staff projects and competition for such professionals may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our success depends largely on the contributions of our employees and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel, including technology, consulting, engineering, marketing and management professionals and upon our ability to attract and retain qualified computer professionals to serve as temporary IT personnel. Competition for the limited number of qualified professionals with a working knowledge of certain sophisticated computer languages is intense.  We compete for technical personnel with other providers of technical IT consulting and outsourcing services, systems integrators, providers of outsourcing services, computer systems consultants, customers and, to a lesser extent, temporary personnel agencies, and competition may be amplified by evolving restrictions on immigration, travel, or availability of visas for skilled technology workers. A shortage of, and significant competition for software professionals with the skills and experience necessary to perform the required services, may require us to forego projects for lack of resources and may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, our ability to maintain and renew existing engagements and obtain new business for our contract IT professional services operations depends, in large part, on our ability to hire and retain technical personnel with the IT skills that keep pace with continuing changes in software evolution, industry standards and technologies, and customer preferences. Demand for qualified professionals conversant with certain technologies may exceed supply as new and additional skills are required to keep pace with evolving computer technology or as competition for technical personnel increases. Increasing demand for qualified personnel could also result in increased expenses to hire and retain qualified technical personnel and could adversely affect our profit margins

If existing customers are not satisfied with our solutions and services and either do not make subsequent purchases from us or do not continue using such solutions and services, or if our relationships with our largest customers are impaired, our revenue could be negatively affected.

We depend heavily on repeat software and service revenues from our base of existing customers. Two of our customers accounted for 18.2% and 15.8% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively and five of our customers accounted for 25.9% and 23.3% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. If our existing customers are not satisfied with our solutions and services, they may not enter into new project contracts with us or continue using our services. A significant decline in our revenue stream from existing customers, including due to termination of agreement(s), would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we fail to meet our customers’ performance expectations, our reputation may be harmed, causing us to lose customers or exposing us to legal liability.

Our ability to attract and retain customers depends to a large extent on our relationships with our customers and our reputation for high quality solutions, professional services and integrity. As a result, if a customer is not satisfied with our services or solutions, including those of subcontractors we engage, our reputation may be damaged. Our failure to meet these goals or a customer’s expectations may result in a less profitable or an unprofitable engagement. Moreover, if we fail to meet our customers’ expectations, we may lose customers and be subject to legal liability, particularly if such failure adversely affects our customers’ businesses.

In addition, a portion of our projects may be considered critical to the operations of our customers’ businesses. Our exposure to legal liability may be increased in the case of contracts in which we become more involved in our customers’ operations. While we typically strive to include provisions designed to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our services and the solutions we develop, these provisions may not adequately protect us or may not be enforceable in all cases. The general liability insurance coverage that we maintain, including coverage for errors and omissions, is subject to important exclusions and limitations. We cannot be certain that this coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in sufficient amounts to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim. A successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceeds our available insurance coverage or changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could adversely affect our profitability.

If our customers terminate contracted projects or choose not to retain us for additional projects, our revenues and profitability may be negatively affected.

Our IT professional services customers typically retain us on a non-exclusive basis. Many of our customer contracts, including those that are on a fixed price and timeframe basis, can be terminated by the customer with or without cause upon 90 days’ notice or less, and generally without termination-related penalties. Additionally, our contracts with customers are typically limited to discrete projects without any commitment to a specific volume of business or future work and may involve multiple stages. Furthermore, the increased breadth of our service offerings may result in larger and more complex projects for our customers that require us to devote resources to more thoroughly understand their operations. Despite these efforts, our customers may choose not to retain us for additional stages or may cancel or delay planned or existing engagements due to any number of factors, including:

These potential terminations, cancellations or delays in planned or existing engagements could make it difficult for us to use our personnel efficiently and may negatively affect our revenues and profitability.

We enter from time to time into fixed-price contracts that could subject us to losses in the event we fail to properly estimate our costs.

We enter from time to time into firm fixed-price contracts where our delivery requirements sometimes span more than one year. If our initial cost estimates are incorrect, it may cause losses on these contracts. Because many of these contracts involve new technologies and applications, unforeseen events, such as technological difficulties and other cost overruns, can result in the contract pricing becoming less favorable or even unprofitable to us and have an adverse impact on our financial results.

Similarly, delays in implementation projects (whether fixed price or not) may affect our revenue and cause our operating results to vary widely. Payment terms are generally based on periodic payments or on the achievement of milestones. Any delays in payment or in the achievement of milestones may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

For non-fixed price contracts, we generally provide our customers with up-front estimates regarding the duration, budget and costs associated with the implementation of our services. However, we may not meet those upfront estimates and/or the expectations of our customers, which could lead to a dispute with a client.

If our technical support or professional services are not satisfactory to our customers, they may not renew their maintenance and support agreements or buy future products, which could adversely affect our future results of operations.

Our business relies on our customers’ satisfaction with the technical support and professional services we provide to support our products. If we fail to provide technical support services that are responsive, satisfy our customers’ expectations and resolve issues that they encounter with our products and services, then they may elect not to purchase or renew annual maintenance and support contracts and they may choose not to purchase additional products and services from us. Accordingly, our failure to provide satisfactory technical support or professional services could lead our customers not to renew their agreements with us or renew on terms less favorable to us, and therefore have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We face intense competition in the markets in which we operate. This competition could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We compete with other companies in the areas of application development platforms, business integration and business process management, or BPM, tools, and in the applications, mobile solutions, vertical solutions and professional services markets in which we operate. The growth of the cloud computing market has increased the competition in these areas. We expect that such competition will continue to increase in the future with respect to our technology, applications and professional services that we currently offer and applications, and with respect to our services that we and other vendors are developing. Increased competition, direct and indirect, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As we also compete with other companies in the technical IT consulting and outsourcing services industry, this industry is highly competitive and fragmented and has low entry barriers. We compete for potential customers with providers of outsourcing services, systems integrators, computer systems consultants, other providers of technical IT consulting services and, to a lesser extent, temporary personnel agencies. We expect competition to increase, and we may not be able to remain competitive.

Some of our existing and potential competitors are larger companies, have substantially greater resources than us, including financial, technological, marketing, skilled human resources and distribution capabilities, and enjoy greater market recognition than us. We may not be able to differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors, offer our products as part of integrated systems or solutions to the same extent as our competitors, or successfully develop or introduce new products that are more cost-effective, or offer better performance than our competitors. Failure to do so could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Other unfavorable national and global economic conditions could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

During periods of slowing economic activity, our customers may reduce their demand for our products, technology and professional services, which would reduce our sales, and our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected. Economic challenges may develop, including threatened sovereign defaults, credit downgrades, restricted credit for businesses and consumers and potentially falling demand for a variety of products and services. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, could result in longer sales cycles, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition for our products and services. We could also be exposed to credit risk and payment delinquencies on our accounts receivable, which are not covered by collateral. In particular, there is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries, with respect to trade policies, treaties, government regulations, and tariffs. For example, the recent imposition of tariffs and/or changes in tariffs on various products by the U.S. and other countries, including China and Canada, have introduced greater uncertainty with respect to trade policies and government regulations affecting trade between the U.S. and other countries, and new and/or increased tariffs have subjected, and may in the future subject, us to additional costs and expenditure of resources. Major developments in trade relations, including the imposition of new or increased tariffs by the U.S. and/or other countries, and any emerging nationalist trends in specific countries could alter the trade environment and consumer purchasing behavior which, in turn, could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations. While the U.S. and China recently signed a “phase one” trade deal on January 15, 2020 to reduce planned increases to tariffs, concerns over the stability of bilateral trade relations remain. In addition, the UK’s exit from the European Union on January 31, 2020, known as Brexit, and the ongoing negotiations of the future trading relationship between the UK and the European Union during the transition period set to end December 31, 2020 have yet to provide clarity on what the outcome will be for the UK or Europe. Changes related to Brexit could subject us to heightened risks in that region, including disruptions to trade and free movement of goods, services and people to and from the UK, disruptions to the workforce of our business partners, increased foreign exchange volatility with respect to the British pound and additional legal, political and economic uncertainty. If these actions impacting our international distribution and sales channels result in increased costs for us or our international partners, such changes could result in higher costs to us, adversely affecting our operations, particularly as we expand our international presence.

If global economic and market conditions, or economic conditions in the United States, Europe or Asia or other key markets, remain uncertain or weaken, our business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.

We are exposed to economic and market conditions that impact the communications industry.

We provide packaged software and software services to service providers in the telecom industry, and our business may therefore be highly dependent upon conditions in that industry. Developments in the telecom industry, such as the impact of global economic conditions, industry consolidation, emergence of new competitors, commoditization of voice, video and data services and changes in the regulatory environment, at times have had, and could continue to have, a material adverse effect on our existing or potential customers. In the past, these conditions reduced the high growth rates that the communications industry had previously experienced and caused the market value, financial results and prospects and capital spending levels of many telecom companies to decline or degrade. Industry consolidation involving our customers may place us at risk of losing business to the incumbent provider to one of the parties to the consolidation or to new competitors. During previous economic downturns, the telecom industry experienced significant financial pressures that caused many in the industry to cut expenses and limit investment in capital intensive projects and, in some cases, led to restructurings and bankruptcies. Continuing uncertainty as to economic recovery in recent years may have adverse consequences for our customers and our business.

Downturns in the business climate for telecom companies have previously resulted in slower customer buying decisions and price pressures that adversely affected our ability to generate revenue. Adverse market conditions may have a negative impact on our business by decreasing our new customer engagements and the size of initial spending commitments under those engagements, as well as decreasing the level of discretionary spending by existing customers. In addition, a slowdown in buying decisions may extend our sales cycle period and may limit our ability to forecast our flow of new contracts. If such adverse business conditions arise in the future, our business may be harmed.

As some of our revenues are derived from the Israeli government sector, a reduction of government spending in Israel on IT services may reduce our revenues and profitability; and any delay in the annual budget approval process may negatively impact our cash flows.

We perform work for a wide range of Israeli governmental agencies and related subcontractors. Any reduction in total Israeli government spending for political or economic reasons (such as in the case of COVID-19) may reduce our revenues and profitability. In addition, the government of Israel has experienced significant delays in the approval of its annual budget in recent years. Such delays in the future could negatively affect our cash flows by delaying the receipt of payments from the government of Israel for services performed.

The increasing amount of identifiable intangible assets and goodwill recorded on our balance sheet may lead to significant impairment charges in the future.

The amount of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheet has increased significantly from approximately $88 million as of December 31, 2014 to $169 million as of December 31, 2019 because of our acquisitions and may increase further following future acquisitions. We regularly review our long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets and goodwill, for impairment. Goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are subject to impairment review at least annually. Other long-lived assets are reviewed when there is an indication that impairment may have occurred. Impairment testing under U.S. GAAP, subject to downturns in our operating results and financial condition, may lead to impairment charges in the future. Any significant impairment charges could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we fail to manage our growth, our business could be disrupted and our profitability will likely decline.

We have experienced rapid growth during recent years, through both acquisitions and organically. The number of our employees over the last five years increased from 1,181 as of December 31, 2014 to 2,642 as of December 31, 2019 and may increase further as we aim to enhance our businesses. This increase may significantly strain our management and other operational and financial resources. In particular, continued headcount growth increases the integration challenges involved in:

The rapid execution necessary to exploit the market for our business model requires an effective planning and management process. Our systems, procedures or controls may not be adequate to support the growth in our operations, and our management may not be able to achieve the rapid execution necessary to exploit the market for our business model. Our future operating results will also depend on our ability to expand our development, sales and marketing organizations. If we are unable to manage growth effectively, our profitability will likely decline.

We have a history of quarterly fluctuations in our results of operations and expect these fluctuations to continue.

We have experienced, and in the future may continue to experience, significant fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations. Factors that may contribute to fluctuations in our quarterly results of operations include:

Our customers ordinarily require the delivery of our license software solutions promptly after we accept their orders. With the exception of contracts for services and packaged software solution projects, which normally would extend between nine to eighteen months, we usually do not have a backlog of orders for our products. Consequently, revenues from our products in any quarter depend on orders received and products provided by us and accepted by the customers in that quarter. A deferral in the placement and acceptance of any large order from one quarter to another or from one year to another could adversely affect our results of operations for the respective quarter or year. Our customers sometimes require an acceptance test for services and packaged software solutions projects we provide and as a result, we may have a significant backlog of orders arising from those services and projects. Our revenues from services depend on orders received and services provided by us and accepted by our customers in that quarter. If sales in any quarter or year do not increase correspondingly or if we do not reduce our expenses in response to level or declining revenues in a timely fashion, our financial results for that period may be adversely affected. For these reasons, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our results of operations are not necessarily meaningful and you should not rely on the results of our operations in any particular quarter as an indication of future performance.

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from independent distributors who are under no obligation to purchase our products and the loss of such independent distributors could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We sell our products and packaged software solutions through our own direct sales representatives and offices, as well as through third parties that in the case of our development platforms (Magic xpa, AppBuilder and Magic SmartUX) use our technology to develop and sell solutions to their customers (ISVs) and through system integrators. The ISVs then sell the applications they develop on the Magic xpa, AppBuilder or Magic SmartUX application platforms to end-users. In some regions, especially in Asia and Asia-Pacific, Central and Eastern Europe, Spain, Italy, South America, Africa and a few countries in the Mediterranean area, we also sell our products and packaged software solutions through a broad distribution and sales network, including independent regional distributers. We are dependent upon the acceptance of our products by our ISVs and independent distributors and their active marketing and sales efforts. Typically, our arrangements with our independent distributors do not require them to purchase specified amounts of products or prevent them from selling competitive products. Our ISVs may stop using our technology to develop and sell solutions to end-users. Similarly, our independent distributors may not continue, or may not give a high priority to, marketing and supporting our products. Our results of operations could be adversely affected by a decline in the number of ISVs utilizing our technology and by changes in the financial condition, business, marketing strategies, local and global economic conditions, or results of our independent distributors. If any of our distribution relationships are terminated, we may not be successful in replacing them on a timely basis, or at all. In addition, we will need to develop new sales channels for new products, and we may not succeed in doing so. Any changes in our distribution and sales channels, or our inability to establish effective distribution and sales channels for new markets, could adversely impact our ability to sell our products and result in a loss of revenues and profits.

Changes in the ratio of our revenues generated from different revenue elements may adversely affect our gross profit margins.

We derive our revenues from the sale of software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support as well as from other IT professional services. In recent years the decline in our gross margin was affected by the change in proportion of our revenues generated from the sale of each of those elements of our revenues. Our revenues from the sale of our software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support have higher gross margins than our revenues from IT professional and outsourcing services. Our software licenses revenues also include the sale of third-party software licenses, which have a lower gross margin than sales of our proprietary software products. Any increase in the portion of third-party software license sales out of total license sales will decrease our gross profit margin. If the relative proportion of our revenues from the sale of IT professional services continues to increase as a percentage of our total revenues, our gross profit margins may continue to decline in the future.

Our success depends in part upon the senior members of our management and research and development teams, and our inability to attract and retain them or attract suitable replacements could have a negative effect on our ability to operate our business.

We are dependent on the senior members of our management and research and development teams. We do not maintain key man life insurance for any of the senior members of our management and research and development teams. Competition for senior management in our industry is intense, and we may not be able to retain our senior management personnel or attract and retain new senior management personnel in the future. The loss of one or more members of our senior management and research and development teams could have a negative effect on our ability to attract and retain customers, execute our business strategy and otherwise operate our business, which could reduce our revenues, increase our expenses and reduce our profitability.

We may encounter difficulties with our international operations and sales that could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

While our principal executive offices are located in Israel, 64%, 63% and 62% of our sales in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively, were generated in other regions and countries including, but not limited to the Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific, India, and Africa. Our success in becoming a stronger competitor in the sale of development application platforms, integration solutions, packaged software solutions and professional services is dependent upon our ability to increase our sales in all our markets. Our efforts to increase our penetration into these markets are subject to risks inherent to such markets, including the high cost of doing business in such locations. Our efforts may be costly and they may not result in profits, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our current international operation and our plans to further expand our international operations subjects us to many risks inherent to international business activities, including:

As we continue to expand our business globally, our success will depend, largely, on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these and other risks associated with our international operations. Any of these risks could harm our international operations and reduce our international sales, adversely affecting our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects.

Our international operations expose us to risks associated with fluctuations in currency exchange rates that could adversely affect our business.

Our financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars, our functional currency. However, in the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, approximately 52%, 52% and 51% of our revenues, respectively, were derived from sales outside the United States, particularly, Israel, Europe, Japan and Asia-Pacific, and Africa. We also maintain substantial non-U.S. dollar balances of assets, including cash and accounts receivable, and liabilities, including accounts payable and debts to banks and financial institutions. Similarly, a significant portion of our expenses, primarily salaries, related personnel expenses, subcontractors expenses, interest expenses and the leases of our offices and related administrative expenses, were incurred outside the United States. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the currencies in which we do business relative to the U.S. dollar, primarily NIS, euros and Japanese yen, may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, by decreasing the U.S. dollar value of assets held in other currencies and increasing the U.S. dollar amount of liabilities payable in other currencies, or by decreasing the U.S. dollar value of our revenues in other currencies and increasing the U.S. dollar amount of our expenses in other currencies. Even if we use derivatives or engage in any currency-hedging transactions intended to reduce the effect of fluctuations of foreign currency exchange rates on our financial position and results of operations, there can be no assurance that any such hedging transactions will materially reduce the effect of fluctuation in foreign currency exchange rates on such results. In addition, if for any reason exchange or price controls or other restrictions on the conversion of foreign currencies were imposed, our financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Breaches of network or information technology security, natural disasters or terrorist attacks could have an adverse effect on our business.

Cyber-attacks or other breaches of network or IT security, natural disasters, terrorist acts or acts of war may cause equipment failures or disrupt our systems and operations. We may be subject to attempts to breach the security of our networks and IT infrastructure through cyber-attack, malware, computer viruses and other means of unauthorized access. While we maintain insurance coverage for some of these events, the potential liabilities associated with these events could exceed the insurance coverage we maintain. Our inability to operate our facilities because of such events, even for a limited period, may result in significant expenses or loss of market share to other competitors for our application platforms as well as in the process and business integration technologies and IT services market. In addition, a failure to protect the privacy of customer and employee confidential data against breaches of network or IT security could result in damage to our reputation. To date, we have not been subject to cyber-attacks or other cyber incidents, which, individually or in the aggregate, resulted in a material impact to our operations or financial condition.

Maintaining the security of our products, computers and networks is a critical issue for our customers and us. Security researchers, criminal hackers and other third parties regularly develop new techniques to penetrate computer and network security measures. In addition, hackers also develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs, some of which may be specifically designed to attack our products, systems, computers or networks. Additionally, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce our employees or users of our products to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our data or our customers’ data. These potential breaches of our security measures and the accidental loss, inadvertent disclosure or unauthorized dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive, personal or confidential data about us, our employees or our customers, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data as a result of hacking, fraud, trickery or other forms of deception, could expose us, our employees, our customers or the individuals affected to a risk of loss or misuse of this information, result in litigation and potential liability or fines for us, damage our brand and reputation or otherwise harm our business. These risks are persistent and likely will increase as we continue to grow our cloud offerings and services and store and process increasingly large amounts of our customers’ confidential information and data. We also may acquire companies, products, services and technologies and inherit such risks when we integrate these acquisitions within our company. Further, as regulatory focus on privacy issues continues to increase and become more complex, these potential risks to our business will intensify. Changes in laws or regulations associated with the enhanced protection of certain types of sensitive data could greatly increase our cost of providing our products and services

Regulation of the internet and telecommunications, privacy and data security may adversely affect sales of our products and result in increased compliance costs.

As internet commerce continues to evolve, increasing regulation by federal, state or foreign agencies and industry groups becomes more likely. For example, we believe increased regulation is likely with respect to the solicitation, collection, processing or use of personal, financial and consumer information as regulatory authorities around the world are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection, privacy and data security. In addition, the interpretation and application of consumer and data protection laws and industry standards in the United States, Europe and elsewhere are often uncertain and in flux.

Many jurisdictions continue to consider the need for greater regulation or reform to the existing regulatory framework. In the U.S., all 50 states have now passed laws to regulate the actions that a business must take in the event of a data breach, such as prompt disclosure and notification to affected users and regulatory authorities. In addition to the data breach notification laws, some states have also enacted statutes and rules requiring businesses to reasonably protect certain types of personal information they hold or to otherwise comply with certain specified data security requirements for personal information. The U.S. federal and state governments will likely continue to consider the need for greater regulation aimed at restricting certain uses of personal data for targeted advertising. Additionally, California recently enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, it creates new individual privacy rights for consumers (as that word is broadly defined in the law) and places increased privacy and security obligations on entities handling personal data of consumers or households. The CCPA, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, and provides such consumers new ways to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for data breaches that is expected to increase data breach litigation. The CCPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability. Some observers have noted that the CCPA could mark the beginning of a trend toward more stringent privacy legislation in the U.S., which could increase our potential liability and adversely affect our business.

In particular, our European activities are subject to the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which create additional compliance requirements for us. GDPR broadens the scope of personal privacy laws to protect the rights of European Union citizens and requires organizations to report on data breaches within 72 hours and be bound by more stringent rules for obtaining the consent of individuals on how their data can be used. GDPR took effect on May 25, 2018 and non-compliance may expose entities such as our company to significant fines or other regulatory claims. While we have invested in, and intend to continue to invest in, reasonably necessary resources to comply with these new standards, to the extent that we fail to adequately comply, that failure could have an adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.

In China, the PRC Cybersecurity Law, which became effective in June 2017, leaves substantial uncertainty as to the circumstances and standard under which the law would apply and violations would be found.

The application of existing laws to cloud-based solutions is particularly uncertain and cloud-based solutions may be subject to further regulation, the impact of which cannot be fully understood at this time. Moreover, these laws may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our data and privacy practices. If so, in addition to the possibility of fines, this could result in an order requiring that we change our data and privacy practices, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Complying with these various laws could cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices in a manner adverse to our business. In addition, any new regulation, or interpretation of existing regulation, imposing greater fees or taxes on internet-based services, or restricting information exchange over the Web, could result in a decline in the use and adversely affect sales of our products and our results of operations.

Errors or defects in our software solutions could inevitably arise and would harm our profitability and our reputation with customers, and could even give rise to claims against us.

The quality of our solutions, including new, modified or enhanced versions thereof, is critical to our success. Since our software solutions are complex, they may contain errors that cannot be detected at any point in their testing phase. While we continually test our solutions for errors or defects and work with customers to identify and correct them, errors in our technology may be found in the future. Testing for errors or defects is complicated because it is difficult to simulate the breadth of operating systems, user applications and computing environments that our customers use, and our solutions themselves are increasingly complex. Errors or defects in our technology have resulted in terminated work orders and could result in delayed or lost revenue, diversion of development resources and increased services, termination of work orders, damage to our brand and warranty and insurance costs in the future. In addition, time-consuming implementations may also increase the number of services personnel we must allocate to each customer, thereby increasing our costs and adversely affecting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, since our customers rely on our solutions to operate, monitor and improve the performance of their business processes, they are sensitive to potential disruptions that may be caused by the use of, or any defects in, our software. As a result, we may be subject to claims for damages related to software errors in the future. Liability claims could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation or to pay significant damages. Regardless of whether we prevail, diversion of key employees’ time and attention from our business, the incurrence of substantial expenses and potential damage to our reputation might result. While the terms of our sales contracts typically limit our exposure to potential liability claims and we carry errors and omissions insurance against such claims, there can be no assurance that such insurance will continue to be available on acceptable terms, if at all, or that such insurance will provide us with adequate protection against any such claims. A significant liability claim against us could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position. Our standard license agreement with our customers contains provisions designed to limit our exposure to potential product liability claims that may not be effective or enforceable under the laws of some jurisdictions. In addition, the professional liability insurance that we maintain may not be sufficient against potential claims. Accordingly, we could fail to realize revenues and suffer damage to our reputation as a result of, or in defense of, a substantial claim.

Third parties have in the past, and may in the future, claim that we infringe upon their intellectual property rights and such claims could harm our business.

The software industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and frequent claims and related litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights. In particular, leading companies in the software industry own large numbers of patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, which they may use to assert claims against us. From time to time, third parties, including certain of these leading companies, may assert patent, copyright, trademark or other intellectual property claims against us, our customers and partners, and those from whom we license technology and intellectual property.

Although we believe that our products and services do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of third parties, we cannot assure you that third parties will not assert infringement or misappropriation claims against us with respect to current or future products or services, or that any such assertions will not require us to enter into royalty arrangements or result in costly litigation, or result in us being unable to use certain intellectual property. We cannot assure you that we are not infringing or otherwise violating any third-party intellectual property rights. Infringement assertions from third parties may involve patent holding companies or other patent owners who have no relevant product revenues, and therefore our own issued and pending patents may provide little or no deterrence to these patent owners in bringing intellectual property rights claims against us.

Any intellectual property infringement or misappropriation claim or assertion against us, our customers or partners, and those from whom we license technology and intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, reputation and competitive position regardless of the validity or outcome. If we are forced to defend against any infringement or misappropriation claims, whether they are with or without merit, are settled out of court, or are determined in our favor, we may be required to expend significant time and financial resources on the defense of such claims. Furthermore, an adverse outcome of a dispute may require us to pay damages, potentially including treble damages and attorneys’ fees, if we are found to have willfully infringed on a party’s intellectual property; cease making, licensing or using our products or services that are alleged to infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property of others; expend additional development resources to redesign our products or services; enter into potentially unfavorable royalty or license agreements in order to obtain the right to use necessary technologies or works; and to indemnify our partners, customers, and other third parties. Royalty or licensing agreements, if required or desirable, may be unavailable on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and may require significant royalty payments and other expenditures. Any of these events could seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, any lawsuits regarding intellectual property rights, regardless of their success, could be expensive to resolve and divert the time and attention of our management and technical personnel.

Although we apply measures to protect our intellectual property rights and our source code, there can be no assurance that the measures that we employ to do so will be successful.

In accordance with industry practice, since we have no registered patents on our software solution technologies, we rely on a combination of contractual provisions and intellectual property law to protect our proprietary technology. We believe that due to the dynamic nature of the computer and software industries, copyright protection is less significant than factors such as the knowledge and experience of our management and personnel, the frequency of product enhancements and the timeliness and quality of our support services. We seek to protect the source code of our products as trade secret information and as unpublished copyright works. We also rely on security and copy protection features in our proprietary software. We distribute our products under software license agreements that grant customers a personal, non-transferable license to use our products and contain terms and conditions prohibiting the unauthorized reproduction or transfer of our products. In addition, while we attempt to protect trade secrets and other proprietary information through non-disclosure agreements with employees, consultants and distributors, not all of our employees have signed invention assignment agreements. Although we intend to protect our rights vigorously, there can be no assurance that these measures will be successful. Our failure to protect our rights, or the improper use of our products by others without licensing them from us could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our customers and we rely on technology and intellectual property of third-parties, the loss of which could limit the functionality of our products and disrupt our business.

We use technology and intellectual property licensed from unaffiliated third-parties in certain of our products, and we may license additional third-party technology and intellectual property in the future. Any errors or defects in this third-party technology and intellectual property could result in errors that could harm our brand and business. In addition, licensed technology and intellectual property may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. The loss of the right to license and distribute this third-party technology could limit the functionality of our products and might require us to redesign our products.

Further, although we believe that there are currently adequate replacements for the third-party technology and intellectual property we presently use and distribute, the loss of our right to use any of this technology and intellectual property could result in delays in producing or delivering affected products until equivalent technology or intellectual property is identified, licensed or otherwise procured, and integrated. Our business would be disrupted if any technology and intellectual property we license from others or functional equivalents of this software were either no longer available to us or no longer offered to us on commercially reasonable terms. In either case, we would be required either to attempt to redesign our products to function with technology and intellectual property available from other parties or to develop these components ourselves, which would result in increased costs and could result in delays in product sales and the release of new product offerings. Alternatively, we might be forced to limit the features available in affected products. Any of these results could harm our business and impact our results of operations.

We could be required to provide the source code of our products to our customers.

Some of our customers have the right to require the source code of our products to be deposited into a source code escrow. Under certain circumstances, our source code could be released to our customers. The conditions triggering the release of our source code vary by customer. A release of our source code would give our customers access to our trade secrets and other proprietary and confidential information that could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. A few of our customers have the right to use the source code of some of our products based on the license agreements signed with such clients (mostly with respect to older versions of our solutions), although such use is limited for specific matters and cases, these clients are exposed to some of our trade secrets and other proprietary and confidential information which could harm us.

Some of our services and technologies may use “open source” software, which may restrict how we use or distribute our services or require that we release the source code of certain products subject to those licenses.

Some of our services and technologies may incorporate software licensed under so-called “open source” licenses, including, but not limited to, the GNU General Public License and the GNU Lesser General Public License. In addition to risks related to license requirements, usage of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on origin of the software. Additionally, open source licenses typically require that source code subject to the license be made available to the public and that any modifications or derivative works to open source software continue to be licensed under open source licenses. These open source licenses typically mandate that proprietary software, when combined in specific ways with open source software, become subject to the open source license. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software, we could be required to release the source code of our proprietary software.

We take steps to ensure that our proprietary software is not combined with, and does not incorporate, open source software in ways that would require our proprietary software to be subject to an open source license. However, few courts have interpreted open source licenses, and the manner in which these licenses may be interpreted and enforced is therefore subject to some uncertainty. Additionally, we rely on multiple software programmers to design our proprietary technologies, and although we take steps to prevent our programmers from including open source software in the technologies and software code that they design, write and modify, we do not exercise complete control over the development efforts of our programmers and we cannot be certain that our programmers have not incorporated open source software into our proprietary products and technologies or that they will not do so in the future. In the event that portions of our proprietary technology are determined to be subject to an open source license, we could be required to publicly release the affected portions of our source code, re-engineer all or a portion of our technologies, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our technologies, each of which could reduce or eliminate the value of our services and technologies and materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and prospects.

Any unauthorized, and potentially improper, actions of our personnel could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

The recognition of our revenue depends on, among other things, the terms negotiated in our contracts with our customers. Our personnel may act outside of their authority and negotiate additional terms without our knowledge. We have implemented policies to help prevent and discourage such conduct, but there can be no assurance that such policies will be followed. For instance, in the event that our sales personnel negotiate terms that do not appear in the contract and of which we are unaware, whether such additional terms are written or verbal, we could be prevented from recognizing revenue in accordance with our plans. Furthermore, depending on when we learn of unauthorized actions and the size of the transactions involved, we may have to restate revenue for a previously reported period, which would seriously harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

Under applicable employment laws, we may not be able to enforce covenants not to compete and therefore may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of some of our former employees.

We generally enter into non-competition agreements with our employees. These agreements prohibit our employees from competing directly with us or working for our competitors or clients for a limited period after they cease working for us. We may be unable to enforce these agreements under the laws of the jurisdictions in which our employees work and it may be difficult for us to restrict our competitors from benefiting from the expertise that our former employees or consultants developed while working for us. For example, Israeli courts have required employers seeking to enforce non-compete undertakings of a former employee to demonstrate that the competitive activities of the former employee will harm one of a limited number of material interests of the employer that have been recognized by the courts, such as the secrecy of a company’s confidential commercial information or the protection of its intellectual property. If we cannot demonstrate that such interests will be harmed, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of our former employees or consultants and our ability to remain competitive may be diminished.

Our business may be materially affected by changes to fiscal and tax policies. Potentially negative or unexpected tax consequences of these policies, or the uncertainty surrounding their potential effects, could adversely affect our results of operations and share price.

As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income taxes, withholding taxes and indirect taxes in numerous jurisdictions worldwide. Significant judgment and management attention and resources are required in evaluating our tax positions and our worldwide provision for taxes. In the ordinary course of business, there are many activities and transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. In addition, our tax obligations and effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in the relevant tax, accounting, and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations. This may include recognizing tax losses or lower than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory rates, changes in foreign currency exchange rates, or changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities.

We may be audited in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional taxes against us. If we experience unfavorable results from one or more such tax audits, there could be an adverse effect on our tax rate and therefore on our net income. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of any tax audits or litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or cash flows in the period or periods for which a determination is made. Additionally, we are subject to transfer pricing rules and regulations, including those relating to the flow of funds between us and our affiliates, which are designed to ensure that appropriate levels of income are reported in each jurisdiction in which we operate.

Certain of our credit facility agreements with banks and other financial institutions are subject to a number of restrictive covenants that, if breached, could result in acceleration of our obligation to repay our debt.

In the context of our engagements with banks and other financial institutions for receiving various credit facilities, we have undertaken to maintain a number of conditions and limitations on the manner in which we can operate our business, including a negative pledge and limitations on our ability to distribute dividends. These credit facilities agreements also contain various financial covenants that require us to maintain certain financial ratios related to shareholders’ equity, total rate of financial liabilities and minimum outstanding balance of total cash and short-term investments. These limitations and covenants may force us to pursue less than optimal business strategies or forego business arrangements that could have been financially advantageous to us and, by extension, to our shareholders. A breach of the restrictive covenants could result in the acceleration of our obligations to repay our debt. As of December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all of our financial covenants to banks and other financial institutions. See Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information on liabilities to banks and other financial institutions.

If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Sections 302 and 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the reliability of our financial statements may be questioned and our share price may suffer.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes certain duties on us and on our executives and directors. To comply with this statute, we are required to document and test our internal control over financial reporting, and our independent registered public accounting firm must issue an attestation report on our internal control procedures, and our management is required to assess and issue a report concerning our internal control over financial reporting. Our efforts to comply with these requirements have resulted in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention, and we expect these efforts to require the continued commitment of significant resources. We may identify material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in our assessments of our internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting could result in investigation or sanctions by regulatory authorities, and could adversely affect our operating results, investor confidence in our reported financial information and the market price of our Ordinary Shares.

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares

Our Ordinary Shares are traded on more than one market and this may result in price variations.

Our Ordinary Shares are traded primarily on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and on the TASE. Trading of our Ordinary Shares on these markets is made in different currencies (U.S. dollars on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and NIS on the TASE) and at different times (resulting from different time zones, different trading days and different public holidays in the United States and Israel). Consequently, the trading prices of our Ordinary Shares on these two markets may differ. Any decrease in the trading price of our Ordinary Shares on one of these markets could cause a decrease in the trading price of our Ordinary Shares on the other market.

There is relatively limited trading volume for our shares, which reduces liquidity for our shareholders, and may cause the share price to be volatile, all of which may lead to losses by investors.

There has historically been limited trading volume in our Ordinary Shares, both on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and the TASE, which results in reduced liquidity for our shareholders. As a further result of the limited volume, our Ordinary Shares have experienced significant market price volatility in the past and may experience significant market price and volume fluctuations in the future, in response to factors such as announcements of developments related to our business, announcements by competitors, quarterly fluctuations in our financial results and general conditions in the industry in which we compete.

We are a foreign private issuer under the rules and regulations of the SEC and are therefore exempt from a number of rules under the Exchange Act and are permitted to file less information with the SEC than a domestic U.S. reporting company, which reduces the level and amount of disclosure that you receive.

As a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act, including the proxy rules, which impose certain disclosure and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations. Moreover, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic U.S. companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act; and are not required to comply with Regulation FD, which imposes certain restrictions on the selective disclosure of material information. In addition, our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules under the Exchange Act with respect to their purchases and sales of our Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, you receive less information about our company than you would receive about a domestic U.S. company, and are afforded less protection under the U.S. federal securities laws than you would be afforded in holding securities of a domestic U.S. company.

As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules. Among other things, as a foreign private issuer we may also follow home country practice with regard to, the composition of the board of directors, director nomination procedure, compensation of officers and quorum at shareholders’ meetings. In addition, we may follow our home country law, instead of the NASDAQ Stock Market Rules, which require that we obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events, such as for the establishment or amendment of certain equity based compensation plans, an issuance that will result in a change of control of the company, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in the company and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company. Accordingly, our shareholders may not be afforded the same protection as provided under NASDAQ’s corporate governance rules. In addition, as foreign private issuer, we are not required to file quarterly reviewed financial statements. A foreign private issuer that elects to follow a home country practice instead of such requirements must submit to NASDAQ in advance a written statement from an independent counsel in such issuer’s home country certifying that the issuer’s practices are not prohibited by the home country’s laws. In addition, a foreign private issuer must disclose in its annual reports filed with the SEC each such requirement that it does not follow and describe the home country practice followed by the issuer instead of any such requirement.

Our controlling shareholder, Formula Systems (1985) Ltd., beneficially owns approximately 45.34% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares and therefore has a controlling influence over matters requiring shareholder approval, which could delay or prevent a change of control that may benefit our public shareholders.

Formula Systems (1985) Ltd., or Formula Systems (symbol: FORTY), an Israeli company whose shares trade on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and the TASE, directly owned 22,187,977 or 45.34%, of our outstanding Ordinary Shares as of December 31, 2019. Asseco Poland S.A., or Asseco, a Polish company listed on Warsaw Stock Exchange, owns 25.35% of the outstanding shares of Formula Systems as of December 31, 2019. Guy Bernstein, our Chief Executive Officer who is also the Chief Executive Officer of Formula Systems, owns 12.89% of the outstanding shares of Formula Systems, as of December 31, 2019. In addition, on October 4, 2017 Asseco entered into a shareholders agreement with Mr. Bernstein, under which agreement Asseco has been granted an irrecoverable proxy to vote an additional 1,971,973 Ordinary Shares of Formula, thereby effectively giving Asseco beneficial ownership (voting power) over an aggregate of 38.50% of Formula’s outstanding ordinary share. Therefore, based on the foregoing beneficial ownership by each of Formula and Asseco, each of Formula and Asseco may be deemed to directly or indirectly (as appropriate) control us.

Although transactions between us and our controlling shareholders are subject to special approvals under Israeli law, Formula and Asseco may exercise their controlling influence over our operations and business strategy and use their sufficient voting power to control the outcome of various matters requiring shareholder approval. These matters may include:

This concentration of ownership of our Ordinary Shares could delay or prevent proxy contests, mergers, tender offers, open-market purchase programs or other purchases of our Ordinary Shares that might otherwise give one the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our Ordinary Shares. This concentration of ownership may also adversely affect our share price.

Our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences if we are classified as a passive foreign investment company or as a “controlled foreign corporation.”

Generally, if for any taxable year 75% or more of our gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the average quarterly value of our assets (which may be measured in part by the market value of our Ordinary Shares, which is subject to change) are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, we would be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Code. Based on our gross income and gross assets, and the nature of our business, we believe that we were not classified as a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2019. Because PFIC status is determined annually based on our income, assets and activities for the entire taxable year, it is not possible to determine whether we will be characterized as a PFIC for the taxable year ending December 31, 2020, or for any subsequent year, until we finalize our financial statements for that year. Furthermore, because the value of our gross assets is likely to be determined in large part by reference to our market capitalization, a decline in the value of our Ordinary Shares may result in our becoming a PFIC. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year. Our characterization as a PFIC could result in material adverse tax consequences for you if you are a U.S. investor, including having gains realized on the sale of our Ordinary Shares treated as ordinary income, rather than a capital gain, the loss of the preferential rate applicable to dividends received on our Ordinary Shares by individuals who are U.S. holders, and having interest charges apply to distributions by us and the proceeds of share sales. Certain elections exist that may alleviate some of the adverse consequences of PFIC status and would result in an alternative treatment (such as mark-to-market treatment) of our Ordinary Shares. Prospective U.S. investors should consult their own tax advisers regarding the potential application of the PFIC rules to them. Prospective U.S. investors should refer to “Item 10.E. Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for discussion of additional U.S. income tax considerations applicable to them based on our treatment as a PFIC.

Certain U.S. holders of our Ordinary Shares may suffer adverse tax consequences if we or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are characterized as a “controlled foreign corporation”, or a CFC, under Section 957(a) of the Code. Certain changes to the CFC constructive ownership rules under Section 958(b) of the Code introduced by the TCJA may cause one or more of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to be treated as CFCs, may also impact our CFC status, and may affect holders of our Ordinary Shares that are United States shareholders. Generally, for U.S. shareholders that own 10% or more of the combined vote or combined value of our Ordinary Shares, this may result in negative U.S. federal income tax consequences and these shareholders may be subject to certain reporting requirements with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Any such 10% U.S. shareholder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. tax consequences of acquiring, owning, or disposing our Ordinary Shares and the impact of the TCJA, especially the changes to the rules relating to CFCs.

Risks Related to Our Location in Israel

Political, economic and military instability in Israel may disrupt our operations and negatively affect our business condition, harm our results of operations and adversely affect our share price.

We are organized under the laws of the State of Israel, and our principal executive offices and manufacturing and research and development facilities are located in Israel.  As a result, political, economic and military conditions affecting Israel directly influence us. Any major hostilities involving Israel, a full or partial mobilization of the reserve forces of the Israeli army, the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Conflicts in North Africa and the Middle East, including in Egypt and Syria that border Israel, have resulted in continued political uncertainty and violence in the region. Efforts to improve Israel’s relationship with the Palestinian Authority have failed to result in a permanent solution, and there have been numerous periods of hostility in recent years. In addition, relations between Israel and Iran continue to be seriously strained, especially with regard to Iran’s nuclear program. Such instability may affect the economy, could negatively affect business conditions and, therefore, could adversely affect our operations. To date, these matters have not had any material effect on our business and results of operations; however, the regional security situation and worldwide perceptions of it are outside our control and there can be no assurance that these matters will not negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations in the future.

Furthermore, there are a number of countries, primarily in the Middle East, as well as Malaysia and Indonesia, that restrict business with Israel or Israeli companies, and we are precluded from marketing our products to these countries. Restrictive laws or policies directed towards Israel or Israeli businesses may have an adverse impact on our operations, our financial results or the expansion of our business.

Our results of operations may be adversely affected by the obligation of our personnel to perform military service.

Many of our executive officers and employees in Israel are obligated to perform annual reserve duty in the Israeli Defense Forces and may be called for active duty under emergency circumstances at any time. If a military conflict or war arises, these individuals could be required to serve in the military for extended periods of time. Our operations could be disrupted by the absence for a significant period of one or more of our executive officers or key employees or a significant number of other employees due to military service. Any disruption in our operations could adversely affect our business.

We currently have the ability to benefit from certain government tax benefits, which may be cancelled or reduced in the future.

We are currently eligible to receive certain tax benefits under programs of the Government of Israel. In order to maintain our eligibility for these tax benefits, we must continue to meet specific requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements in the future, such tax benefits may be cancelled.

Service and enforcement of legal process on us and our directors and officers may be difficult to obtain.

We are organized in Israel and some of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States. Service of process upon them may be difficult to effect within the United States. Furthermore, most of our assets and the assets of some of our executive officers are located outside the United States. Therefore, a judgment obtained against us or any of them in the United States, including one based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws may not be collectible in the United States and may not be enforced by an Israeli court. It also may be difficult for you to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel.

Provisions of Israeli law may delay, prevent or make difficult an acquisition of us, which could prevent a change of control and therefore depress the price of our shares.

Israeli corporate law regulates mergers, requires tender offers for acquisitions of shares above specified thresholds, requires special approvals for transactions involving directors, officers or significant shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to these types of transactions. Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions unappealing to us or to some of our shareholders. These provisions of Israeli corporate and tax law may have the effect of delaying, preventing or complicating a merger with, or other acquisition of, us. This could cause our Ordinary Shares to trade at prices below the price for which third parties might be willing to pay to gain control of us. Third parties who are otherwise willing to pay a premium over prevailing market prices to gain control of us may be unable or unwilling to do so because of these provisions of Israeli law.

The rights and responsibilities of our shareholders are governed by Israeli law and differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders under U.S. law.

We are organized under Israeli law. The rights and responsibilities of holders of our Ordinary Shares are governed by our memorandum of association, articles of association and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith in exercising his or her rights and fulfilling his or her obligations toward the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters. Israeli law provides that these duties are applicable in shareholder votes at the general meeting with respect to, among other things, amendments to a company’s articles of association, compensation policy, increases in a company’s authorized share capital, mergers and actions and transactions involving interests of officers, directors or other interested parties which require the shareholders’ general meeting’s approval. In addition, a controlling shareholder of an Israeli company or a shareholder who knows that he or she possesses the power to determine the outcome of a vote at a meeting of our shareholders, or who has, by virtue of the company’s articles of association, the power to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office holder in the company, or any other power with respect to the company, has a duty of fairness toward the company. The Israeli Companies Law does not establish criteria for determining whether or not a shareholder has acted in good faith.

Corporate details

Our legal and commercial name is Magic Software Enterprises Ltd. We were organized and registered in Israel on February 10, 1983 and began operations in 1986. We are a public limited liability company and operate under the provisions of the state of Israel. Our Ordinary Shares have been listed on the NASDAQ Global Stock Market (symbol: MGIC) since our initial public offering in the United States on August 16, 1991. On January 3, 2011, our shares were transferred to the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Since November 16, 2000, our Ordinary Shares have also traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, or the TASE, and since December 15, 2011, our shares have been included in the TASE’s TA-125 Index.

Capital Expenditures and Divestitures since January 1, 2017

In late December 2017, we acquired a 100% equity interest in Futurewave Systems, Inc., a U.S. based full-service provider of consulting and outsourcing solutions for IT personnel, for a total consideration of $3.0 million.

On July 12, 2018, we issued 4,268,293 ordinary shares at a price of $8.20 per share for a total of $34.6 million net of issuance expenses. 3,150,559 of the shares were issued to Israeli institutional investors and 1,117,734 shares were issued to our controlling shareholder, Formula Systems (1985) Ltd.

On February 28, 2019, we acquired a 100% equity interest in OnTarget Group Inc. (“OnTarget”), a U.S. based full-services provider of software development services, for a total consideration of $ 12,456 of which $ 6,000 was paid upon closing and the remaining amount constitutes a contingent payment depending on the future operating results achieved by OnTarget between 2019 and 2022.

On April 1, 2019 we acquired a 100% equity interest in PowWow Inc (“PowWow”), creator of SmartUX™, a leading Low-Code development platform for mobilizing and modernizing enterprise business applications, for a total consideration of $8.4 million, out of which $2 million constitutes a contingent payment depending on the future revenues achieved by PowWow between 2020 and 2023.

On June 30, 2019, we acquired a 100% equity interest in NetEffects Inc (“NetEffects”), a U.S. based full-services company, specializes in IT staffing and recruiting, for a total consideration of $ 12,500, of which $ 9,400 was paid upon closing and the remaining $ 3,100 will be paid in three installments following the first, second and third year anniversary.

Our fixed assets capital expenditures for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were approximately $1.4 million, $0.9 million and $1.4 million, respectively. These expenditures were principally for network equipment and computer hardware, as well as for vehicles, furniture, office equipment and leasehold improvements.

We are a global provider of: (i) proprietary application development and business process integration platforms, (ii) selected packaged vertical software solutions, as well as (iii) a vendor of software services and IT outsourcing software services. We report our results on the basis of two reportable business segments: software solutions (which include proprietary and non-proprietary software technology, maintenance and support and complementary services) and IT professional services.

Our software solutions are used by customers to develop, deploy and integrate on-premise, mobile and cloud-based business applications quickly and cost effectively. In addition, our technology enables enterprises to accelerate the process of delivering business solutions that meet current and future needs and allow customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment. We also provide selected verticals with a complete software solution.

We and our subsidiaries employ approximately 2,642 persons and operate through a network of over 3,000 independent software vendors, who we refer to as Magic Software Providers, or MSP’s, and hundreds of system integrators, distributors, resellers, and consulting and OEM partners. Thousands of enterprises in approximately 50 countries use our products and services.

Our software technology platforms

Throughout our history, we have traditionally maintained two major lines of products, one is our application development platform, which today is known as Magic xpa Application Platform, an evolution of our original metadata-based development platform; and the second is our application integration platform, Magic xpi Integration Platform, originally introduced in 2003 under the name iBOLT. In December 2011, we acquired the AppBuilder development platform of BluePhoenix Solutions Ltd., a leading provider of value-driven legacy IT modernization solutions. AppBuilder is a comprehensive application development infrastructure used by many Fortune 1000 enterprises around the world. This enterprise application development environment is a powerful, model-driven tool that enables development teams to build, deploy, and maintain large-scale, custom-built business applications. On April 2019, we acquired the SmartUX development platform of PowWow Inc., a leading Low-Code enterprise mobile development application platform for citizen to professional developers to rapidly design, build, analyze, and run cross-platform mobile business applications.

Our software technology platforms consist of:

Our vertical software packages

Our professional software and IT services

Our software professional services offerings include a vast portfolio of professional services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, support services, DevOps (Development & Operations), Mobile, Big Data and Analytical BI, M/F, cloud computing for deployment of highly available and massively-scalable applications and APIs and supplemental IT outsourcing services to a wide variety of companies, including Fortune 1000 companies. The technical personnel we provide generally supplement in-house capabilities of our customers. We have extensive and proven experience with virtually all types of telecom infrastructure technologies in wireless and wire-line as well as in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, project management, technology planning and implementation services.

We have substantial experience in end-to-end development of high-end software solutions, beginning with collection and analysis of system requirements, continuing with architecture specifications and setup, to software implementation, component integration and testing. From concept to implementation, from application of the ideas of startups requiring the early development of an application or a device, to somewhat larger, more established enterprises, vendors or system houses who need our team of experts to take full responsibility for the development of their systems and products. With our ability to draw on our pool of resources, comprised of hundreds of highly trained, skilled, educated and flexible engineers, we adhere to timelines and budget and work in full transparency with our customers every step of the way to create a tailor-made and cost-effective solution to answer all of our customers’ unique needs.

Our IT services subsidiaries consist of:

Partnerships and Alliances:

We continue to build on our existing strategic partnerships that include Oracle, JD Edwards, SAP, Salesforce.com, Microsoft, IBM and SugarCRM to enhance our mobile, integration and cloud offerings.

In September 2013, we initiated a technology partnership with GigaSpaces Technologies, a pioneer provider of In-Memory Computing technology for deployment, management and scaling of mission-critical applications. By combining our technologies, we assist our customers in becoming cloud-ready and enjoying the benefits of high performance, scalability and availability that can be achieved with in-memory computing technology, all with a seamless migration effort and virtually no learning curve. Since the announcement, we have implemented IMDG architecture in our Magic xpi Integration Platform.

In October 2013, we partnered with Sugar CRM, a growing cloud and on-premise CRM ecosystem, and Sage, a popular provider of ERP and other business systems to small and medium business, enabling us to provide pre-built connectors for quick and reliable integration with these applications.

In July 2015, we were recognized as “Salesforce Ecosystem Champion of the Year for France” for the Magic xpi Integration Platform with its pre-built and certified Salesforce adapter. In giving this award, Salesforce said their “growth is possible through the commitment to exceptional solutions and customer satisfaction provided by Salesforce partners like Magic Software.”

Also in July 2015, our Valinor subsidiary was recognized as the 2015 Microsoft Country Partner of the Year for Israel. The Microsoft Country Partner of the Year Awards honor partners at the country level that have demonstrated business excellence in delivering Microsoft solutions to multiple customers over the past year. This award recognizes Valinor as succeeding in effective engagement with its local Microsoft office while showcasing innovation and business impact, driving customer satisfaction, and winning new customers.

In 2016, we received the SugarCRM’s global ISV Partner Award for best engagement and teaming with fellow partners across the SugarCRM partner ecosystem.

In March 2017, we became a certified technology partner in the Technology Alliance Program for ServiceMax, a GE Digital company, the leader in cloud-based field service management solutions. As a result of this partnership, we launched a prebuilt, certified ServiceMax connector for our Magic xpi integration platform. This dedicated connector enables real-time business process integration between ServiceMax and other enterprise software, such as ERP systems, enabling ServiceMax customers to streamline field service processes, eliminate duplicate data entry, and increase productivity.

In March 2018, following an extension of our partnership with Salesforce, we included new features in our Magic xpi 4.7 to make the integration between Salesforce and other systems even easier. By collaborating with Salesforce, we are significantly expanding our partners’ network and maximizing our service offering to customers around the world, enabling them to better serve their customers via all channels by connecting to back-office ERP and finance applications, and streamlining business processes across numerous applications. We have reached the status of Salesforce Premier ISV partner, showing our high competence expert level, ensuring that all of our customers enterprise software is faultlessly integrated.

We are an Oracle Platinum Partner holding an Oracle Validated Integration status, a SAP Channel Gold Partner holding SAP Certified Integration status, an IBM Server Proven, and a SYSPRO business partner, among others. We appear on the Salesforce AppExchange and are a featured partner on SugarCRM’s Sugar Exchange, marketplaces for apps provided by partners. We continue to update and strengthen our relationships with these major IT partners by attending partner events and by updating and certifying our Magic xpi connectors for each specific ecosystem.

In December 2018 we achieved Microsoft Gold Competency and have maintained this elite status since then. Gold Competency is Microsoft’s highest level of partner certification reserved for the top one percent of Microsoft elite partners worldwide who have demonstrated expertise and proven skills with a particular Microsoft technology or service. In addition to that, we earned the Co-Sell Ready Status as a member in the Microsoft One Commercial Partner (OCP) Program, Magic xpi, which maps data, automates business processes and connects apps, databases, APIs with built-in Microsoft connectors, and Magic xpc, a 100% cloud-native, microservices-based integration platform are available on the Microsoft AppSource app store and are listed on the Microsoft Azure Marketplace.

In May 2020, our CommIT Group, achieved AmazonAWS SaaS Competency status. AWS SaaS Competency is designated to help customers find top AWS consulting partners with deep specialization and experience in designing and building software-as-a-service solutions on AWS. Organizations are interested in software that is easy to use, implement, and operate. They are looking to reduce time-to-value and obtain access to innovative product features and flexible software procurement on a consumption or contractual basis. AWS SaaS Competency Partners follow Amazon Web Services (AWS) best practices for designing and building SaaS solutions through their professional services practices. To qualify for the AWS SaaS Competency designation, organizations have undergone rigorous technical validation by AWS Partner Solutions Architects and demonstrated proven customer success. In recent years, Comm-IT has successfully led, developed and produced many SaaS solutions on AWS for companies across many business sectors, including high-tech and startups, industrial and retail, and insurance and finance. Comm-IT’s unique, flexible R&D model, which provides complete flexibility in determining the mix of experts, allows for full control of budgets and schedules throughout the development project. In this framework, We accompany our clients in their digital journey and in their entry into the SaaS world, providing design and build services for application environments or migration services for applications from existing models to cloud SaaS models. These processes require software architecture, construction, and software development from both Digital and SaaS, all of which take into account performance aspects, information security, scalability, infrastructure monitoring, customer experience and billing. Achieving AWS SaaS Competency status allows us to expand our business offering and even accompany the organizational change for customers who are in the process of transitioning to SaaS.

Industry Overview

In recent years, the number of available enterprise applications has grown significantly which has led information system complexity within many organizations to a level that has obstructed business progress and evolution, reduced business agility and led to significantly higher costs. We believe this complexity will continue to increase in the future. Although it is not unusual for organizations to operate multiple applications, systems and platforms that were created utilizing disparate programming languages, the complexity of these environments typically reduces an organization’s operating flexibility, hinders decision-making processes and leads to costly inefficiencies and redundancies. When organizations seek to swiftly change, update and upgrade IT assets to support new business processes or to cope with changes in business and regulatory environments, they often find that the introduction and integration of new or upgraded business applications is more complex than expected, requires significant implementation resources, takes a long time to implement and is costly. The proliferation of smartphones and mobile platforms necessitates device-independent and future-proof business solutions for fast, simple, and cost-effective mobile deployment. In addition, new cloud computing technologies present enterprises with an opportunity to realize greater agility and meaningful cost savings to businesses, creating a growing need for further changes to enterprises’ IT applications and systems.

The pace of digital transformation is also accelerating at companies all around the world. Customers are increasingly demanding an all-digital experience from the companies they do business with. They seek instant gratification through real-time updates or instant customer service without having to talk to or wait for other human beings. Employees are also pushing for a more digital experience in their workplaces. The confluence of these internal and external forces is causing companies of all sizes to put digital transformation goals at the top of the agenda. It is becoming clearer that companies will need to embrace and prioritize the creation of a digital operating environment to gain a competitive edge and be able to recruit and maintain a talented employee base.

Manual coding and application development is a complex and time-consuming process with an end result that is not guaranteed. The process requires constant iteration as bugs are discovered and new features are integrated. In addition, the communication gap and general disconnect between developers and end-users are critical shortcomings of manual coding that results in business applications that are less than ideally designed. Many of these problems can be addressed by low-code and no-code development platforms. The enterprise application development software market consists of several application development sub-segments and includes large dominant players such as IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Salesforce, HP, CA Technologies and Compuware as well as a large number of highly specialized vendors, with focused capabilities for specific vertical markets. Huge backlogs of enterprise app development work and growing demand for apps coupled with shortage and expense of skilled programmers, is increasingly leading enterprises to turn to low-code/no-code application development platforms that democratize the development process and give business users the ability to develop applications themselves with minimal or no assistance from IT. Through the adoption of business applications, these business users are increasingly looking for ways to automate manual workflows and become more efficient and effective by reallocating their time to solving more complex business problems. Even IT resources and developers are using low-code development tools to increase their development speed and reduce backlog. a growing market for low-code/no-code development platforms.

Although the market for low-code development platforms is not new by any means, it has certainly started to gain more traction over the past couple of years and is expected to continue its strong growth due to continued demand for applications and a shortage of skilled developers. Low-code development is a natural evolution of rising abstraction levels in application development, which will eventually lead to viable cross-enterprise, highly scalable citizen development and composition of applications. According to the Low-Code Development Platform Market Research Report published by Prescient & Strategic Intelligence in August 2019, the market for low-code development platforms was valued at $5.6 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow at a 45% compound annual growth rate to $52.3 billion in 2024. Based on Gartner’s, Magic Quadrant for Enterprise Low Code Application Platforms, 8 August 2019, by 2024 low-code application platforms will be responsible for more than 65 percent of all application development activity and three-quarters of large enterprises will be using at least four low-code development tools for both IT application development and citizen development initiatives. Forester, in their Q1 2019 report on low-code platforms expects low-code market to represent $21 billion in spending by 2022. The increasing need of digitalization and maturity of agile DevOps practices are expected to enhance the use of low-code development platform market across the globe. Web application is considered as a face of an organization and by using the low-code development platform organizations can roll out user-defined web-based applications quickly. Instead of writing the programming language for the development of web-based applications, employees with less development experience can also create sophisticated applications. For those who has relevant experience, this platform can ease out the daily work chores and can even help them create more custom web-based applications by integrating already existing digital ecosystems. North America has the presence of several prominent market players delivering low-code development platform and services to all end users in the region. The US and Canada both have strong economic conditions and are expected to be major contributors to the growth of the low-code development platform market. The geographical presence, significant research and development (R&D) activities, partnerships, and acquisitions and mergers are the major factors for the deployment of low-code development platform and services.

The IT services segment of the market is comprised of a broad array of specific segments such as infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology consulting planning and implementation services, support services and supplemental outsourcing services. In addition, IT professional services include quality assurance, product engineering services and process consulting. The IT services segment is also undergoing a profound transition, with some key trends that have accelerated recently. Growing demand for mobile and cloud-based applications as well as Big Data solutions also entails more complex IT development and integration projects which management and implementation require a higher level of expertise, In addition, the typical software-based projects of IT consulting have been gradually shifting towards software and technology-driven solutions that can be embedded into clients’ systems, providing ongoing engagement services. This transition has been accentuated by an underlying change in IT services sourcing processes: the need for a faster go-to-market process as well as constrained resources in IT departments is resulting in greater influence by specific business units on the purchasing decision as opposed to the traditional sourcing process. The traditional outsourcing business model of capacity on demand is also transitioning towards a model of capability on demand. Information technology service buyers are increasingly looking at outcome-driven managed services with a tighter integration between software, service and infrastructure.

We have identified the following trends that are relevant to the markets we operate in:

Magic’s Software Solutions

Our software solutions enable enterprises to accelerate the planning, development, deployment and integration of on-premise, mobile and cloud business applications that can be rapidly customized to meet current and future needs. Our software solutions and complementary professional services empower customers to dramatically improve their business performance and return on investment by enabling the cost-effective and rapid delivery, integration and mobilization of business applications, systems and databases. Our technology and solutions are especially in demand when time-to-market considerations are critical, budgets are tight, and integration is required with multiple platforms or applications, databases or existing systems and business processes, as well as for RIA and SaaS applications. Our technology also provides the option to deploy our software capabilities in the cloud, hosted in a web services cloud computing environment. We believe these capabilities provide organizations with a faster deployment path and lower total cost of ownership. Our technology also allows developers to stage multiple applications before going live in production.

Development communities are facing high complexity, cost and extended pay-back periods in order to deliver cloud, RIAs, mobile and SaaS applications. Magic xpa, AppBuilder, Magic SmartUX, Magic xpi and Magic xpc provide MSPs with the ability to rapidly build integrated applications in a more productive manner, deploy them in multiple modes and architectures as needed, lower IT maintenance costs and speed time-to-market. Our solutions are comprehensive and industry proven. These technologies can be applied to the entire software development market, from the implementation of micro-vertical solutions, through tactical application modernization and process automation solutions, to enterprise spanning service-oriented architecture, or SOA, migrations and composite applications initiatives. Unlike most competing platforms, we offer a coherent and unified toolset based on the same proven metadata driven and rules-based declarative technology. Our low-code, metadata platforms consist of pre-compiled and pre-written technical and administrative functions, which are essentially ready-made business application coding that enables developers to bypass the intensive technical code-writing stage of application development and integration, concentrate on building the correct logic for their apps and move quickly and efficiently to deployment. Through the use of metadata-driven platforms such as Magic xpa, AppBuilder, Magic SmartUX, Magic xpi and Magic xpc, software vendors and enterprise customers can experience unprecedented cost savings through fast and easy implementation and reduced project risk.

Our software technology solutions include application platforms for developing and deploying specialized and high-end large-scale business applications and integration platforms that allow the integration and interoperability of diverse solutions, applications and systems in a quick and efficient manner. These solutions enable our customers to improve their business performance and return on investment by supporting the affordable and rapid delivery and integration of business applications, systems and databases. Using our software solutions, enterprises and ISVs can accelerate time-to-market by rapidly building integrated solutions, deploying them in multiple environments while leveraging existing IT resources. In addition, our solutions are scalable and platform-agnostic, enabling our customers to build solutions by specifying their business logic requirements in a commonly used language rather than in computer code, and to benefit from seamless platform upgrades and cross-platform functionality without the need to re-write applications. Our technology also enables future-proof protection and supports current market trends such as the development of mobile applications that can be deployed on a variety of smartphones and tablets, and cloud environments. In addition, we also offer a variety of vertical-targeted products that are focused on the needs and requirements of specific growing markets. Certain of these products were developed utilizing our application development platform.

We sell our solutions globally through our own direct sales representatives and offices and through a broad sales distribution network, including independent country distributors, independent service vendors that use our technology to develop and sell solutions to their customers, and system integrators. We also offer software maintenance, support, training, and consulting services in connection with our products, thus aiding the successful implementation of projects and assuring successful operation of the platforms once installed. We sell our integration solutions to customers using specific popular software applications, such as SAP, Salesforce.com, IBM i (AS/400), Oracle JD Edwards, Microsoft SharePoint, Microsoft Dynamics, SugarCRM and other eco-systems. As such, we enjoy a well-diversified client base across geographies and industries including oil & gas companies, telecommunications groups, financial institutions, healthcare providers, industrial companies, public institutions and international agencies.

The underlying principles and purpose of our technology are to provide:

We offer three complementary application platforms that address the wide spectrum of composite applications, Magic xpa, Magic SmartUX and AppBuilder. Our Magic xpi integration platform and Magic xpc iPaaS solution delivers fast and simple integration and orchestration of business processes and applications. We gained over 350 new customers in 2019 operating in a wide variety of industries, including financial services, life sciences, government, telecommunications, energy and manufacturing.

Magic xpa Application Platform

Magic xpa Application Platform, our metadata driven application platform, provides a simple, low code and cost-effective development and deployment environment that lets organizations and MSPs quickly create user-friendly, enterprise-grade, multi-channel mobile and desktop business app that employ the latest advanced functionalities and technologies. The Magic xpa Application Platform, formerly named uniPaaS, was first released in 2008 and is an evolution of our original eDeveloper product, a graphical, rules-based and event-driven framework that offered a pre-compiled engine for database business tasks and a wide variety of generic runtime services and functions which was released in 2001.

We have continually enhanced our Magic xpa application platform to respond to major market trends such as the growing demand for cloud-based offerings including Rich Internet Applications (RIA), mobile applications and SaaS. Accordingly, we have added new functionalities and extensions to our application platform, with the objective of enabling the development of RIA, SaaS, mobile and cloud-enabled applications. SaaS is a business and technical model for delivering software applications, similar to a phone or cable TV model, in which the software applications are installed and hosted in dedicated data centers and users subscribe to these centers and use the applications over an internet connection. This model requires the ability to deliver RIA. Magic xpa is a comprehensive RIA platform. It uses a single development paradigm that handles all ends of the application development and deployment process including client and server partitioning and the inter-communicating layers.

Magic xpa offers customers the power to choose how they deploy their applications, whether full client or web; on-premise or on-demand; in the cloud or behind the corporate firewall; software or mobile or SaaS; global or local. Our Magic xpa Application Platform complies with event driven and service oriented architectural principles. By offering technology transparency, this product allows customers to focus on their business requirements rather than technological means. The Magic xpa single development paradigm significantly reduces the time and costs associated with the development and deployment of cloud-based applications, including RIAs, mobile and SaaS. In addition, application owners can leverage their initial investment when moving from full client mode to cloud mode, and modify these choices as the situation requires. Enterprises can use cloud-based Magic xpa applications in a SaaS model and still maintain their databases in the privacy of their own data centers. It also supports most hardware and operating system environments such as Windows, Unix, Linux and AS/400, as well as multiple databases and is interoperable with .NET and Java technologies.

Magic xpa can be applied to the full range of software development, from the implementation of micro-vertical solutions, through tactical application modernization and process automation solutions, to enterprise spanning SOA migrations and composite applications initiatives. Unlike most competing platforms, we offer a coherent and unified toolset based on the same proven metadata driven and rules based declarative technology, resulting in increased cost savings through fast and easy implementation and reduced project risk.

Magic xpa enables organizations to differentiate themselves from their competition through software-enabled digital transformation. With our platform, organizations can rapidly and easily design, build and implement powerful, enterprise-grade custom applications through our intuitive, visual interface, with little or no coding required. Our Solution ensures that applications developed on our platform can be immediately and natively deployed across a full range of mobile and desktop devices with no additional customization, including desktop web browsers, tablets and mobile phones. We also enable organizations to easily modify and enhance applications and automatically disseminate these updates across device types to ensure that all users benefit from the most up-to-date functionality.

Key benefits of our platform include:

Our approach to digital transformation goes beyond simply enabling organizations to build custom applications fast. We empower decision makers to reimagine their products, services, processes and customer interactions with software by removing much of the complexity and many of the challenges associated with traditional approaches to software development. Because we make application development easy, organizations can build specific and competitively differentiated functionality into applications to deliver enhanced user experiences and streamlined business operations.

In February 2018, we released Magic xpa 3.3 with a more seamless and easier integration with Java, similar to the already existing integration with .NET, making the Magic xpa platform even more robust. Along with that, we provided a new WS provider mechanism, built on Apache Axis2, enhancing our current WCF based capabilities.

In April 2018 and for the third consecutive year, Magic Software’s Magic xpa application development platform gained top market share in license sales in the Japanese market. According to the “Market Research for Next Generation Extra-Rapid Development Tools in 2018” published by MIC Research Institute Ltd., the Magic xpa Application Platform grew 2% achieving a 41% share of the Japanese market.

In August 2018, we released Magic xpa 4.0 with its new Angular-based Web application framework that provides developers and Angular developers with the power to develop device-agnostic and feature-packed Web applications. Magic xpa 4.0 decouples the business logic from the presentation of the apps providing developers with the flexibility to use the Angular open-source platform with industry-standard state-of-the-art technologies, including HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript for designer-quality screens, while benefiting from the productivity, security, and scalability capabilities provided by our low-code development platform.

In addition, we further modernized our Integrated Development Environment (IDE) by moving toward a full-fledged Visual Studio-based studio, offering our users an even more intuitive and user-friendly experience.

Our 2019 roadmap includes the release of a 64-bit edition of Magic xpa, featuring a full 64-bit runtime engine for Windows and Linux.

During 2018, Magic xpa was listed in Gartner’s Market Guide for Application Platforms report. In addition, Magic xpa was listed in the Forrester Wave™ for Mobile Low-Code Development Platforms.

AppBuilder Application Platform

AppBuilder, a platform we acquired in December 2011, is a proprietary development environment used for managing, maintaining and reusing complicated applications needed by large businesses. It provides the infrastructure for enterprises worldwide, across several industries, with applications running millions of transactions daily on legacy systems. Enterprises using AppBuilder can build, deploy and maintain large-scale custom-built business applications for years without being dependent on any particular technology. The AppBuilder deployment environments include IBM mainframe, Unix, Linux and Windows. AppBuilder is intended to increase productivity and agility in the creation and deployment of enterprise class computing.

AppBuilder follows the 4GL development paradigm to help enterprises focus on the business needs and definition and overlook technical hurdles. AppBuilder developers define the business roles and prior to deployment the code is generated from the development environment to the required run time environment. Several large MSPs have utilized AppBuilder to build state of the art applications that are deployed through many large customers.

AppBuilder implements a model driven architecture approach to application development. It provides the ability to design an application at the business modeling level and generate forward to an application. AppBuilder has a platform-independent, business-rules language that enables generation to multiple platforms. It is possible to generate the client part of an application as Java and the server part as COBOL. As businesses change, the server part can be generated as Java without changing the application logic. Only a simple configuration option needs to be changed.

AppBuilder contains everything a development environment needs to create any type of simple or complex business application with platform-independent functionality, including:

In April 2016, AppBuilder launched a next-generation HTML5 development tool. AppBuilderHTML5 enables AppBuilder enterprise customers to easily turn their large-scale client/server business applications into fully functional browser-based apps.

During 2016, AppBuilder launched the next generation of its group repository tool, the Versioned Group Repository (VGRE). AppBuilder VGRE is aimed at mid-size development projects, runs on Microsoft Windows Server platform and enables AppBuilder enterprise customers to parallel support for multiple application releases, called branches, and access to the full history of individual objects. This includes comparisons as well as version manipulation features like merge. VGRE is an extension to the existing repository portfolio with full backward compatibility including well known features like impact analysis, security, upload/download, migrations, rebuilds, remote preparation and others.

Magic xpi Integration Platform

Our Magic xpi integration platform (an evolution of our original and formerly branded iBOLT platform, launched in 2003) is a graphical, wizard-based code-free solution delivering fast and simple integration and orchestration of business processes and applications. Magic xpi allows businesses to more easily view, access, and leverage their mission-critical information, delivering true enterprise application integration, or EAI, business process management, or BPM, and SOA infrastructure. Increasing the usability and life span of existing legacy and other IT systems, Magic xpi allows fast EAI, development and customization of diverse applications, systems and databases, assuring rapid return on invested capital and time-to-market, increased profitability and customer satisfaction.

Magic xpi allows the integration and interoperability of diverse solutions, including legacy applications, in a quick and efficient manner. In January 2010, we released Magic xpi 3.2 and since then we have continued to develop the Magic xpi channel. We entered into agreements with additional system integrators, consultancies and service providers, who acquired Magic xpi skills and offer Magic xpi licenses and related services to their customers. We also offer special editions of Magic xpi with optimized and certified connectors for specific enterprise application vendor ecosystems, such as SAP, Oracle JD Edwards, Microsoft SharePoint and Salesforce.com. These special editions contain specific features and pricing tailored for these market sectors.

Our heritage as a veteran player in the integration market provides us with a differentiated understanding and ability to automate complex processes, and we have incorporated that expertise into our platform to enable the development of powerful business software. Magic xpi can leverage a complete stack of automation technologies, applying the right automation approach for each specific use case.

Key benefits of our platform include:

In the aggregate, these core capabilities enable Magic to automate and govern end-to-end processes. Magic complements these automation technologies with related features like process reporting, analytics and management, which make it simple for organizations to quickly improve and upgrade their automations as business needs change.

In March 2017, we released Magic xpi version 4.6 with enhancements including a New ServiceMax connector for quick and easy connectivity with ServiceMax, a New OData client connector for easy connectivity to ecosystems exposing services via this open standardized protocol, a SAP Business One connector verified for SAP Business One HANA and support for additional services and new and improved functionalities to our existing MS Dynamics CRM connector.

In August 2017, our Magic xpi integration platform was recognized by the analyst firm Ovum as a well-positioned integration platform that is a good option for small-and medium-size enterprises. In addition, Magic xpi was listed in 2017 in 10 Gartner reports including three Market Guides for Application Integration Platforms, HIP-Enabling Technologies and IoT Integration.

In March 2018, we released Magic xpi version 4.7 with a new OData Provider connector, Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) support for the SharePoint Online (MOSS) connector, ability to write new connectors based on Magic xpa Application Platform’s runtime technology and multiple features to improve programming productivity, such as visual indicators of data flow status and an enhanced monitor to provide an even more accurate bird’s eye view of all running projects.

In October 2018, we announced that Magic xpi Integration Platform 4 achieved SAP-certified integration with SAP S/4HANA, enabling our customers to optimize business processes through automation across leading ERP, CRM, finance, and other enterprise systems using a single platform.

In February 2019, we released Magic xpi version 4.9 with a new REST client connector, ODATA connector enhancements, inherent UPSERT support in the data mapper, and built-in cloud support.

In August 2019, we released Magic xpi version 4.11, enabling access to remote connectors residing at another site, without the need for a VPN (aka ‘Local Agent’ capability). In addition, in the beginning of 2020 we released the major released Magic xpi 4.12, which includes 64-bit support for our Run-Time engine as-well as integration with one of the industry’s API management solutions suites. During 2019, we also released additional features pursuant to customer requests.

In 2020, we plan to enhance the above Local Agent capability with more functionality, add additional connectors (e.g., OPC for manufacturing) and invest more resources in the overall product stability. In addition, we plan to continue to expand our product offering with additional features, per customer requests.

Powerful applications to solve critical and complex challenges. At the core of our platform is an advanced engine that enables the modeling, modification and management of complex processes and business rules. Our heritage as a business process management, or BPM, company provides us with this differentiated understanding of complex processes, and we have incorporated that expertise into our platform to enable the development of powerful applications. Organizations have used our platform to launch new business lines and build large procurement systems.

Magic xpc Integration Platform

In November 2017, we announced the expansion of our integration offering with the launch of Magic xpc, a hybrid integration platform as a service (IPaaS), which enable customers to accelerate digital transformation on the cloud, on-premises or on both.

Magic xpc is powered by its out-of-the-box integration connectors for mainstream business applications, databases, protocols and tools for building custom integrations. Magic’s iPaaS platform was built using node.JS and docker technology. Magic xpc users can monitor their integration flows and create and manage alerts from a single interface. Built on top of open-source components with no cloud vendor lock-in, Magic xpc is available on both public and private cloud platforms including, Amazon Web Services, Azure, and Google Cloud.

Magic SmartUX

Magic SmartUX, a platform we acquired in April 2019, is a low-code development platform for mobilizing and modernizing enterprise business application designed for citizen to professional developers to rapidly design, build, analyze, and run cross-platform mobile business applications.

The Magic SmartUX platform addresses the three biggest challenges enterprises are facing in the road to Digital Transformation:

FactoryEye

On May 2019 we launched the releases of FactoryEye, a proprietary high performance, low-code, flexible, hybrid platform built specially for manufacturers based on existing infrastructure enabling real-time virtualizations of all production data and advanced analytics (based on machine learning) for improved productivity and competitive advantage. We have hundreds of manufacturing customers, and drew on over 35 years of manufacturing experience to develop FactoryEye. The product’s intuitive and user friendly dashboards empowers manufacturers by providing all the analysis they need in order to make faster and smarter decisions based on real time data and analytics. This translates into improved productivity, faster delivery times, and better control over the manufacturing processes, leading to increased customer satisfaction and higher profit margins. FactoryEye offers dozens of prebuilt connectors to a range of enterprise applications and MRP systems, such as SAP, JD Edwards, and Infor, as well as MES, CRM, and PLM systems.

The addition of FactoryEye to our software portfolio allows us to provide our new and existing manufacturing clients, with a comprehensive Industry 4.0 solution and aligns with our strategy of enhancing our portfolio with enterprise grade technologies. It also complements our recent acquisition of the low code platform SmartUX for cross platform application. Combining acquisitions with ongoing enhancements to core products enables us to further accelerate our growth by becoming a strong player in the digital transformation and Industry 4.0 revolutions.

Since its launch, we made a targeted effort to reach mid-sized manufacturers who are looking to improve the efficiency of their factories. Our goal is to position FactoryEye as a solution that offers more than mere factory floor visibility through IIoT connectivity, while remaining more cost effective and customizable than offerings from “Tier 1” companies. To that end, We have created a new website for FactoryEye which will launch by the end of the first half of 2020, as well as blogs, whitepapers, e-books and email campaigns to spread awareness of this new offering and benefits for mid-sized manufacturers.

In addition, we continue to market our application and integration products. These products continue to provide value and convenience for our customers as low code options to integrate their disparate systems.

Vertical software solutions

Clicks™

Our Roshtov subsidiary has approximately three decades of proven experience based on its proprietary comprehensive core software solution for medical record information management systems, using in the design and management of patient-file for managed care and large-scale healthcare providers. The platform, which can be tailor-made to the specific needs of the healthcare provider, is connected to the clinical, administrative and financial data base system, residing at the provider’s central computer, and allows immediate analysis of complex data with potentially real-time feedback to meet the specific needs of physicians, nurses, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, front- and back-office professionals and consumers.

All of our clients that buy or subscribe to our Clicks software solution also enter into software support agreements with us for maintenance and support of their medical record management systems. In addition to immediate software support in the event of problems, these agreements allow clients to access new releases covered by support agreements. In addition, each client has 12-hour access, six days a week (6 hours on Friday) to the applicable call-center support teams.

We employ a team of 30 research and development specialists that together with our clients create a future where the health care system works to improve the well-being of individuals and communities. Roshtov’s proven ability to innovate has led to what we believe to be an industry leading architectures and a breadth and depth of solutions and services.

There are four healthcare service providers in Israel, of which, Maccabi Healthcare Services and Clalit, which are the two largest healthcare providers in Israel accounting for 77% of the Israeli market, have been our customers since the early 1990’s.

Leap™

Our FTS subsidiary has over 20 years of BSS experience, based on dozens of projects delivered to customers worldwide. We implement revenue management and monetization solutions in mobile, wireline, broadband, MVNO/E, payments, e-commerce, M2M / Internet of Things, mobile money, cable, cloud and content markets under the brand name of Leap™. Our Leap™ solutions lower the total cost of ownership (TCO) for telecom, content and payment service providers.

FTS works with telecommunications, content and payment service providers globally to help them manage complex transactions and relationships with greater flexibility and independence. Analyzing transactions from a business standpoint, FTS offers end-to-end and add-on telecom billing, charging, policy control and payments solutions to customers worldwide, and services both growing and major providers.

FTS targets mid to lower level tier service providers, supporting their BSS needs with end-to-end, turnkey billing and other BSS projects. In addition, FTS offers upper-tiers of service providers with BSS and monetization solutions for specific needs, including policy control and charging solutions, M2M billing, billing for content services, MVNE/MVNO billing, mobile money software solutions, payment and mobile financial services solutions and others.

Our Leap™ offering is comprised of:

Leap™ BCCF (Business Control and Charging Function) – a proprietary packaged software solution which serves as the underlying foundation of our Leap™ products and solutions. Leap BCCF enables service providers to handle the aspects of event processing, from defining the system’s business logic, through importing events and formatting, to charging and executing business rules. With Leap BCCF, new services are deployed on the fly, and strategic business rules are formulated more easily, ensuring real-time responses to both service and customer-related events and providing a baseline for policy control.

Leap™ Billing 6.3 – a convergent charging, billing and customer care solution that realizes substantial reductions in OPEX and CAPEX while increasing customer satisfaction and retention. Leap Billing software’s flexibility and ease of use enables the service providers’ billing platform to work more at the speed of marketing by offering new marketing plans or services in a rapid time-to-market.

Leap™ Policy Control - Leap Policy Control is an integrated charging and policy control solution (a full PCC solution based on PCRF & online/offline charging). Compliant with the 3GPP’s Diameter policy control standard, Leap Policy Control provides traffic and subscriber management strategies. Leap Policy Control gives operators the power to monitor usage in real time and, using fully configurable business rules, define how they manage network resources, applications, and subscribers – in real time – while generating revenue from personalized mobile applications, content and services. Leap Policy Control can be implemented as a stand-alone solution or as part of a larger BSS project implementation.

FTS Express™ - FTS express™ is an all-in-one software appliance for online charging, billing, AAA, balance management, customer care, policy control and interconnect, designed for entry-level operations of MVNOs, LTE, VoIP, ISP, broadband, IPTV and more.

The following is a sample of the monetization solutions offered by FTS:

FTS’s solutions are delivered via cloud, on-premises or in a fully managed-services mode and are backed by our Israel and Bulgaria-based experienced professional services support team.

HR Pulse

Now in its 10^th release, HR Pulse is a proprietary platform that creates and customizes software applications for HCM, with the goal to combine technology with effective processes, to facilitate the collection, analysis and interpretation of quality data about people, their jobs and their performance, to enhance HCM decision making, resulting in increased organizational efficiency and effectiveness. HR Pulse addresses four distinct functional areas with the ability to also work as one consolidated system:

Our offering includes customizable “out of the box” HCM SaaS Solutions, such as Pilat Frist and Pilat Professional, that provides a menu of templates that can be used to affordably and expeditiously create customized HCM solutions for companies.  The HR Pulse platform promotes the building and implementation of solutions that address broader business challenges as well. Such offerings include 360-degree feedback, employee surveys, leadership and management development, coaching and job evaluation.

Hermes

Hermes has been developing and evolving cargo management systems for the air cargo industry since 2002. Hermes Air Cargo Management System is a proprietary, state-of-the-art, packaged software solution for managing air cargo ground handling. Our Hermes Solution covers all aspects of cargo handling, from physical handling and cargo documentation through customs, seamless EDI communications, dangerous goods and special handling, tracking and tracing, security and billing.  Over the last 10 years Hermes systems have been implemented in over 70 terminals on five continents, providing efficient and accurate handling of more than 5 million tons of freight annually. Customers benefit through faster processing and more accurate billing, reporting and ultimately enhanced revenue.  Customers include independent ground handlers, airlines with a cargo arm, hubs belonging to an individual airline or those catering to a number of airlines transiting cargo to additional destinations. The Hermes Solution is delivered on a licensed or fully hosted basis.

Our Value Proposition

Hermes systems are built with the specific needs of air cargo handlers and airlines in mind and are amongst the most versatile and sophisticated around. Hermes Solutions are focused on maximizing customer profits by streamlining ground handling processes and employing built-in best practices to reduce handling errors. Hermes team of cargo experts carry out a full business analysis, listen to our customers’ requirements, suggest additional functionality and work with them to deliver an air cargo management solution that is streamlined around their processes and customized to their needs. Hermes works with everyone from smaller cargo handlers to large airlines all over the world and counts Menzies Aviation, WFS (FRA), Luxair, Etihad Airport Services and Frankfurt Cargo Services among their customers.

Strategy

Our goal is to continue our profitable and cash generative growth within our software solutions and professional services markets. We plan to achieve this goal by focusing on the following principles:

Product Development

We place considerable emphasis on research and development in order to improve and expand the functionality of our technologies and to develop new applications. We believe that our future success depends upon our ability to maintain our technological leadership, to enhance our existing products and to introduce new commercially viable products addressing the needs of our customers on a timely basis. We also intend to support emerging technologies as they are introduced in the same way we have supported new technologies in the past. We will continue to devote a significant portion of our resources to research and development. We believe that internal development of our technology is the most effective means of achieving our strategic objective of providing an extensive, integrated and feature-rich development technology. For significant version release see “Magic’s Software Solutions” discussed above.

Product Related Services

Professional Services. We offer fee-based consulting services in connection with installation assurance, application audits and performance enhancement, application migration and application prototyping and design. Consulting services are aimed at generating both additional revenues and ensuring successful implementation of Magic xpa, Appbuilder, Magic xpi Magic xpc, SmartUX and FactoryEye projects through knowledge transfer. As part of management efforts to focus on license sales, our goal is to provide such activities as a complementary service to our customers and partners. We believe that the availability of effective consulting services is an important factor in achieving widespread market acceptance.

Services are offered as separately purchased add-on packages or as part of an overall software development and deployment technology framework. Over the last several years, we have built upon our established global presence to form business alliances with our MSPs that use our technology to develop solutions for their customers, and distributors to deliver successful solutions in focused market sectors.

Maintenance. We offer our customers annual maintenance contracts providing for unspecified upgrades and new versions and enhancements for our products on a when-and-if-available basis for an annual fee.

Customer Support. We believe that a high level of customer support is important to the successful marketing and sale of our products. Our in-house technical support group provides training and post-sale support. We believe that effective technical support during product evaluation as well as after the sale has substantially contributed to product acceptance and customer satisfaction and will continue to do so in the future.

We offer online support systems for our MSPs and end users, providing them with the ability to instantaneously enter, confirm and track support requests through the Internet. These systems support MSPs and end-users worldwide. As part of this online support, we offer Support Knowledge Base tools providing the full range of technical notes and other documentation including technical papers, product information, and answers to most common customer queries and known issues that have already been reported.

Training. We conduct formal and organized training on our development tools and packaged software solutions. We develop courses, pertaining to our principal products and provide trainer and student guidebooks. Course materials are available both in traditional, classroom courses and as web-based training modules, which can be downloaded and studied at the student’s own pace and location. The courses and course materials are designed to accelerate the learning process, using an intensive technical curriculum in an atmosphere conducive to productive training.

IT Services

Background

Our IT services offerings consist of a variety of professional services that can be grouped into integration and other IT services. Our integration services include:

With more than 1,700 experts and hundreds of projects gone live in a variety of advanced technologies in the U.S., Europe and Israel, we have developed significant expertise and accumulated vast experience in integration projects. Such projects are typically more complex and require a high level of industry knowledge and highly skilled professionals. Our integration expertise, as well as our global reach allows us to deliver comprehensive, value added services to our customers. Our IT services customers include major global telecoms, OEMs and engineering, furnish and installation service companies.

Strategic Consulting and Outsourcing Services

We provide a broad range of IT consulting services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology planning and implementation services, cloud computing, as well as supplemental outsourcing services. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Fusion Solutions LLC, Xsell Resources Inc., Allstates Consulting Services LLC, Futurewave Systems, Inc., NetEffects, Inc, OnTarget Group, Inc, the Comm-IT Group, Infinigy Solutions LLC., Comblack Ltd. and Shavit Software (2009) Ltd. provide advanced IT consulting and outsourcing services to a wide variety of companies including Fortune 1000 companies. Our technical personnel generally supplement the in-house capabilities of our customers. Our approach is to make available a broad range of technical personnel to meet the requirements of our customers rather than focusing on specific specialized areas. We have extensive knowledge of and have worked with virtually all types of wireless and wireline telecom infrastructure technologies as well as in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, project management, technology planning and implementation services. Our consulting partners come from a wide range of industries, including finance, insurance, government, health care, logistics, manufacturing, media, retail and telecommunications. With an experienced team of recruiters in the telecom and IT areas and with a substantial and a growing database of telecom talent, we can rapidly respond to a wide range of requirements with well qualified candidates. Our customer list includes major global telecoms, OEMs and engineering, furnish and installation service companies. We have built long-term relationships with our customers by providing expert telecom talent. We provide individual consultants for contract and contract-to-hire assignments as well as candidates for full time placement. In addition, we configure teams of technical consultants for assigned projects at our customers’ sites.

Customers, End-Users and Markets

We market and sell our products and services in more than 50 countries worldwide. The following tables present our revenues by revenue type and geographical market for the periods indicated:

Our Magic xpa, Magic xpi, Magic xpc, Magic SmartUX, FactoryEye, and AppBuilder technologies are used by a wide variety of developers, integrators and solution providers, that can generally be divided into two sectors (i) those performing in-house development (corporate IT departments), and (ii) MSPs, including large system integrators and smaller independent developers, and VARs that use our technology to develop or provide solutions to their customers. MSPs who are packaged software publishers use our technology to write standard packaged software products that are sold to multiple customers, typically within a vertical industry sector or a horizontal business function.

Among the thousands of customers running their business systems with our technology are the following:

Sales, Marketing and Distribution

We market, sell and support our products through our own global offices and marketing department, as well as through a broad global channel-network of MSPs, system integrators, value-added distributors and resellers, and OEM and consulting partners. Our sales force is based in our regional offices in the United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Hungary, South Africa, India and Israel, and through regional distributors elsewhere. Our sales network is present in about 50 countries worldwide.

Direct Sales. For Magic xpa and AppBuilder, our direct sales force pursues software solution providers and enterprise accounts. Our sales personnel carry out strategic sales with a direct approach to decision makers, managing a constantly monitored consultative type of sales cycle. Magic xpi, FacrotyEye and Magic xpc are mostly sold through indirect channels and through our ecosystem business relationships, but we have some direct customers with integration needs.

As of December 31, 2019, we employed approximately 158 sales and marketing personnel including, a team of sales engineers who provide pre-sale technical support, presentations and demonstrations in order to support our sales force.

Indirect Sales. We maintain an indirect sales channel, through our ecosystem business relationships, as well as through system integrators, value added distributors and resellers, OEM partners, as well as consultancies and service providers. We maintain an indirect sales channel for Magic xpa through MSPs and system integrators, who use our application and integration platforms to develop and deploy different applications for sale to their end-user customers.

Distributors. In general, we distribute our products through regional non-exclusive distributors in those countries where we do not have a sales office. A regional distributor is typically a software marketing organization with the capability to add value with consulting, training and support. Distributors that are also MSPs are generally responsible for the implementation of both our application platform and business and process integration suite and localization into their native languages. The distributors also translate our marketing literature and technical documentation. Distributors must undergo our program of sales and technical training. Marketing, sales, training, consulting, product and customer support are provided by the local distributor. We are available for backup support for the distributor and for end-users. In coordination with the local subsidiaries and distributors, we also provide sales support for large and multinational accounts. We have 44 distributors in Europe, Latin America and Asia, many of whom are also MSPs.

VARs. In general, we resell our products through VARs that extend their capabilities with our offerings. These include SAP VARs.

Global Marketing Activities. We carry out a wide range of marketing activities aimed at generating awareness of our solutions offerings and to promote sales. Among our activities, we focus both on both outbound and inbound marketing, including a content-rich website available in eight foreign languages, social networks communication, search engine optimization, on-line advertising, lead generation campaigns, public relations, case studies, blogs, industry analyst relations, attendance at conferences and trade shows and lead generation campaigns around key professional white papers and webinars. We conduct distributor and user conferences to update our worldwide affiliates and user base on our new product offerings, marketing and promotional activities, pricing, best practices, technical information and other information.

In light of the increased impact of cloud and enterprise mobility technologies on the IT landscape, in 2011 we commenced a strategic marketing repositioning initiative that led to a complete rebranding of certain of our products’ look, feel and naming (to emphasize that our products belong to the same technology stack), messaging, as well as a refined definition of our market positioning, value proposition and corporate values. In June 2012, we launched the new branding after we completed the strategic repositioning and designed a fresh and dynamic new logo, a new corporate tagline as well as fully re-written web site in English and seven other languages. To expand our community of developers and reach out to new audiences around the world, we run an ongoing introductory campaign, which offers Magic xpa Single User Edition as a freely downloadable product. Magic xpa Single User Edition is an ideal gateway for new developers who want to join Magic Software’s global community and take advantage of new opportunities as their businesses grow. Thousands of developers around the world have downloaded, learned and used Magic xpa Single User Edition, and we are confident that this campaign will increase their understanding, awareness and adoption of our application platform.

We use the Salesforce.com CRM platform and the Hubsopt marketing automation tool globally to connect all our lead generation campaigns with our sales pipeline management. We have aligned all our local offices to work according to the same global sales and marketing processes. We have also used our own Magic xpi Integration Platform to automate processes between our Salesforce and SAP systems to increase efficiency.

Competition

The markets for our Enterprise Mobility Solution, and Magic xpa and Magic xpi platforms are characterized by rapidly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions, mergers and acquisitions, and rapidly changing customer requirements. These markets are therefore highly competitive, and we expect competition to continue to intensify. The growth of the cloud adoption and mobile markets increases the competition in these areas. We constantly follow and analyze the market trends and our competitors in order to effectively compete in these markets and avoid losing market share to our direct competitors and other players.

With Magic xpa, we compete in the low-code application platform, SOA architecture and enterprise mobility markets.  Among our current competitors are OutSystems, Appien, Mendix, Kony, Microsoft, and Pegasystems. With Magic xpi, we compete in the integration platform market. Among our current competitors are IBM, Informatica, TIBCO, MuleSoft, Jitterbit, Talend, Dell–Boomi, Scribe and Software AG.

More and more enterprises prefer to integrate their applications using integration platform as a service (iPaaS) technology and for this purpose we launched our new Magic xpc, a hybrid iPaaS solution.

There are several similar products in the market utilizing the model driven architecture, or MDA, approach utilized by AppBuilder. The market for this type of platform is highly competitive. Companies such as CA and IBM have tools that compete directly with AppBuilder. Furthermore, new development paradigms have become very popular in IT software development and developers today have many alternatives.

As our market grows, we expect that it will attract more highly specialized vendors as well as larger vendors that may continue to acquire or bundle their products more effectively. The principal competitive factors in our market include:

We believe we generally compete favorably with our competitors with respect to the features, security and performance of our platform, the ease of integration of our applications and the relatively low total cost of ownership of our applications. However, many of our competitors have substantially greater financial, technical and other resources, greater name recognition, larger sales and marketing budgets, broader distribution, more diversified product lines and larger and more mature intellectual property portfolios.

The telecom BSS domain in which we operate through our FTS subsidiary is a highly competitive market in which we compete based on product quality, service quality, timeliness in delivery and pricing. Within the global billing, charging and policy control market, FTS principally competes against global IT providers and the in-house IT departments of telecommunications operators. Among the competitors focused on this market are Amdocs, Ericsson, Comverse, NetCracker Technology, CSG Systems, Redknee Solutions and Oracle Communications.

There are also a number of smaller or regional telecom BSS competitors who compete on a regional or domestic market level. These tend to be smaller players, and may include companies such as Comarch, Mind CTI, Tecnotree, Cerillion, Openet and Elitcore, among others.

Additional competitors may enter each of our markets at any time. Moreover, our customers may choose to develop internally the functionality and capabilities our current product line offers them and therefore they may also compete with us.

Our goal is to maintain our technological advantages, time to market and worldwide sales and distribution network. We believe that the principal competitive factors affecting the market for our products include developer productivity, rapid results, product functionality, performance, reliability, scalability, portability, interoperability, ease-of-use, demonstrable economic benefits for developers and users relative to cost, quality of customer support and documentation, ease of installation, vendor reputation and experience, financial stability as well as intuitive and out-of-the-box solutions to extend the capabilities of ERP, CRM and other application vendors for enterprise integration.

Intellectual Property

In accordance with industry practice, since we have no registered patents on our software solution technologies, we rely upon a combination of copyright, trademark, trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to protect our rights in our software products. Our policy has been to pursue copyright protection for our software and related documentation and trademark registration of our product names. In addition, our key employees and independent contractors and distributors are required to sign non-disclosure and secrecy agreements.

We provide our products to customers under a non-exclusive, non-transferable license. Usually, we have not required end-users of our products to sign license agreements. Generally, a “shrink wrap” license agreement is included in the product packaging, which explains that by opening the package seal, the user is agreeing to the terms contained therein. It is uncertain whether license agreements of this type are legally enforceable in all of the countries in which the software is marketed.

We do not believe that patent laws are a significant source of protection for our products since the software industry is characterized by rapid technological changes, the policing of unauthorized use of software is a difficult task and software piracy is expected to continue to be a persistent problem for the packaged software industry. As there can be no assurance that the above-mentioned means of legal protection will be effective against piracy of our products, and since policing unauthorized use of software is difficult, software piracy can be expected to be a persistent potential problem.

We believe that because of the rapid pace of technological change in the software industry, the legal protections for our products are less significant factors in our success than the knowledge, ability and experience of our employees, the frequency of product enhancements and the timeliness and quality of our support services.

Our trademark rights include rights associated with our use of our trademarks and rights obtained by registration of our trademarks. We have obtained trademark registrations in South Africa, Canada, China, Israel, the Netherlands (Benelux), Switzerland, Thailand, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. The initial terms of the registration of our trademarks range from 10 to 20 years and are renewable thereafter. Our use and registration of our trademarks do not ensure that we have superior rights to others that may have registered or used identical or related marks on related goods or services. We have registered a copyright for our software in the United States and Japan. In addition, we have registered copyrights for some of our manuals in the United States and have acquired an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) for some of our manuals. Our copyrights expire 70 years from date of first publication.

The following table sets forth the legal name, location and country or state of incorporation and percentage ownership of our subsidiaries as of December 31, 2019:

Our headquarters and principal administrative, finance, sales, marketing and research and development office is located in a 23,841 square foot office facility that we lease in Or Yehuda, Israel, a suburb of Tel Aviv. We paid $0.4 million in annual rent for the Or Yehuda facilities under a lease agreement expiring in April 2020.

Our subsidiaries lease office space in Laguna Hills, California; King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; Dallas, Texas; Houston, Texas; New Jersey; Atlanta, Georgia; Paris, France; Munich, Germany; Pune, India; Bangalore, India; Tokyo, Japan; Budapest, Hungary; Houten, the Netherlands; Johannesburg, South Africa; Bracknell, the United Kingdom; Saint Petersburg, Russia and various locations in Israel. The aggregate annual cost for such facilities was $3.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2019.

Not applicable.

The following discussion of our results of operations should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes, which appear elsewhere in this annual report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current plans, estimates and beliefs and involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this annual report.

Background

We were organized under the laws of Israel on February 10, 1983 and began operations in 1986. Our Ordinary Shares have been listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market (symbol: MGIC) since our initial public offering in the United States on August 16, 1991. On January 3, 2011, our shares were transferred to the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Since November 16, 2000, our Ordinary Shares have also traded on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, or the TASE, and since December 15, 2011, our shares have been included in the TASE’s TA-125 Index.

Overview

We develop market, sell and support application platforms, business and process integration and selected vertical comprehensive software solutions packages. We have 40 active wholly-owned subsidiaries in the United States, Israel Europe, Asia and South Africa. Of such subsidiaries, 21 are engaged in developing, marketing and supporting vertical applications, as well as in selling and supporting our products, and 19 subsidiaries specialize in providing broad range of IT consulting and outsourcing services in the areas of infrastructure design and delivery, application development, technology planning and implementation services, as well as supplemental outsourcing services.

As an IT technology innovator, we have many years of experience in assisting software companies and enterprises worldwide to produce and integrate their business applications. Our application platforms, Magic xpa and AppBuilder, are used by thousands of enterprises and MSPs to develop solutions for their users and customers in approximately 50 countries. We also provide maintenance and technical support as well as professional services to our enterprise customers and to MSPs. In addition, we sell our Magic xpi and magic xpc technologies for business integration to enterprises using specific popular software applications, such as SAP, Salesforce.com, IBM i (AS/400) or Oracle JD Edwards and other business applications. We refer to these vendor-centered market sectors as ecosystems.

Vision and Focus Areas

Our vision of how the industry will evolve is being driven by the change in enterprise mobility, cloud computing and Big Data. We believe that our technology and vast services will allow us to expand our offerings into the cloud and mobile enterprise markets with speed, scale and flexibility. We intend to remain focused on both the technology and business architectures that will enable our customers to take advantage of the cost efficiencies and competitive advantages conveyed by these technologies. We intend to continue to prudently take advantage of opportunities to capture market transitions and to put our assets to use in existing and new markets as the recovery continues. We believe that our strategy and our ability to innovate and execute may enable us to improve our competitive position in difficult business conditions and may continue to provide us with long-term growth opportunities.

Key Factors Affecting our Business

Our operations and the operating metrics discussed below have been and will likely continue to be affected by certain key factors as well as certain historical events and actions. The key factors affecting our business and results of operations include among others, dependence on a limited number of core product families, selected vertical software solutions and services, competition, ability to realize benefits from business acquisitions, dependence on a key customer for a significant percentage of our revenues and changes in the mix of revenues generated by different revenue elements affect our gross margins and profitability. For further discussion of the factors affecting our results of operations, see “Risk Factors.”

Dependence on a limited number of core product families and services

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from sales of application and integration platforms primarily under our Magic xpa, Magic xpi, Magic xpc, Magic SmartUX and AppBuilder brands and from related professional services, software maintenance and technical support as well as from packaged software solutions in several business verticals (mainly human recourses, cargo handling, patient medical records and billing), and from other IT professional services, which include IT consulting and outsourcing services. Our future growth depends heavily on our ability to effectively develop and sell new products developed by us or acquired from third parties as well as add new features to existing products. A decrease in revenues from our principal products and services would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Competition

We compete with other companies in the areas of application platforms, business integration and business process management, and in the applications and services markets in which we operate. The growth of the SaaS and Enterprise Mobility market has increased the competition in these areas. We expect that such competition will continue to increase in the future, both with respect to our technology, applications and services which we currently offer and applications and services which we and other vendors are developing. Increased competition, direct and indirect, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also compete with other companies in the technical IT consulting and outsourcing services industry. This industry is highly competitive and fragmented and has low entry barriers. We, through five of our subsidiaries in the United States and five of our subsidiaries in Israel, compete for potential customers with providers of outsourcing services, systems integrators, computer systems consultants, other providers of technical IT consulting services and, to a lesser extent, temporary personnel agencies. We expect competition to increase, and we may not be able to remain competitive.

Some of our existing and potential competitors are larger companies, have substantially greater resources than us, including financial, technological, marketing, skilled human resources and distribution capabilities, and enjoy greater market recognition than us. We may not be able to differentiate our products and services from those of our competitors, offer our products as part of integrated systems or solutions to the same extent as our competitors, or successfully develop or introduce new products that are more cost-effective, or offer better performance than our competitors. Failure to do so could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Dependence on key customers

We depend on repeat product and professional services revenues from a certain base of existing customers. Our two largest customers accounted for 18.2% and 15.8% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively and our five largest customers accounted for 25.9% and 23.3% of our revenues in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. If these existing customers decide not to continue utilizing our professional services, not to renew their existing engagements, not to continue using our products, or decide to significantly decrease their total expenditures with us, it may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. While one of these five customers is under a contract until December 31, 2027, under their master services agreements, the other customers may terminate their agreements with us upon only a 30-days’ notice and without any penalty.

Revenue Mix

We derive our revenues from the sale of proprietary and third-party software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support as well as from other IT professional services. In recent years the decline in our gross margin was primarily affected by the change in proportion of our revenues generated from the sale of each of those elements of our revenues. Our revenues from the sale of our proprietary software licenses, related professional services, maintenance and technical support have higher gross margins than our revenues from third party software licenses and IT professional and outsourcing services. Any increase in the portion of third-party software license sales out of total license sales will decrease our gross profit margin. If the relative proportion of our revenues from the sale of IT professional services continues to increase as a percentage of our total revenues, our gross profit margins may continue to decline in the future.

We may encounter difficulties in realizing the potential financial or strategic benefits of recent and future business acquisitions.

A significant part of our business strategy is to pursue acquisitions and other initiatives based on strategy centered on three key factors: growing our customer base, expanding geographically and adding complementary solutions to our portfolio— all while we seek to ensure our continued high quality of services and product delivery. As such, in recent years we made numerous of acquisitions. Mergers and acquisitions of companies are inherently risky and subject to many factors outside of our control and no assurance can be given that our future acquisitions will be successful and will not adversely affect our business, operating results, or financial condition. In the future, we may seek to acquire or make strategic investments in complementary businesses, technologies, services or products, or enter into strategic partnerships or alliances with third parties in the future in order to expand our business. Failure to manage and successfully integrate acquisitions could materially harm our business and operating results. Prior acquisitions have resulted in a wide range of outcomes, from successful introduction of new products and technologies to a failure to do so. Even when an acquired company has previously developed and marketed products, there can be no assurance that new product enhancements will be made in a timely manner or that pre-acquisition due diligence will have identified all possible issues that might arise with respect to such products.

If we acquire another business, we may face difficulties, including:

Impact of Currency Fluctuations and of Inflation

Our financial statements are stated in U.S. dollars, our functional currency. However, a substantial portion of our revenues and costs are incurred in other currencies, particularly NIS, Euros, Japanese yen, and the British pound. We also maintain substantial non-U.S. dollar balances of assets, including cash, accounts receivable, and liabilities, including accounts payable and debts to banks and financial institutions. Therefore, fluctuations in the value of the currencies in which we do business relative to the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. The depreciation of such other currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar has the effect of reducing the U.S. dollar value of any of our liabilities which are payable in those other currencies (unless such costs or payables are linked to the U.S. dollar). Such depreciation also has the effect of decreasing the U.S. dollar value of any asset that is denominated in such other currencies or receivables payable in such other currencies (unless such receivables are linked to the U.S. dollar). In addition, the U.S. dollar value of revenues and expenses denominated in such other currencies would decrease. Conversely, the appreciation of any currency in relation to the U.S. dollar has the effect of increasing the U.S. dollar value of any unlinked assets and the U.S. dollar amounts of any unlinked liabilities and increasing the U.S. dollar value of revenues and expenses denominated in other currencies.

In addition, while we incur a portion of our costs in NIS, the U.S. dollar cost of our operations in Israel is influenced by the extent to which any increase in the rate of inflation in Israel is (or is not) offset, or is offset on a lagging basis, by a devaluation of the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar.

Because exchange rates between the NIS, euro, Japanese Yen and the British pound and the U.S. dollar fluctuate continuously, exchange rate fluctuations and especially larger periodic devaluations will have an impact on our profitability and period-to-period comparisons of our results. We cannot assure you that in the future our results of operations may not be adversely affected by currency fluctuations.

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated, (depreciation) or appreciation of the U.S. dollar against the most important currencies for our business and the Israeli consumer price index:

Segments

We report our results on the basis of two reportable business segments: software services (which include proprietary and non-proprietary software technology and complementary services) and IT professional services. Set forth below is segment information for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

Explanation of Key Income Statement Items

Revenues. Revenues are derived from sales of software licenses (proprietary and non-proprietary), related professional services, maintenance and technical support and other IT professional services, which include, cloud computing and IT consulting and outsourcing services. Revenues may continue to be affected by factors including market uncertainty, which can result in cautious spending in our global markets; changes in the geopolitical environment; sales cycles; fluctuation of exchange rates; changes in the mix of direct sales and indirect sales and variations in sales channels.

Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues for software sales consist primarily of software production costs, royalties and licenses payable to third parties, as well as amortization of capitalized and acquired software costs. Cost of revenues for maintenance and technical support and professional services consists primarily of personnel expenses, subcontracting and other related costs. Cost of revenues for software sales is affected by changes in the mix of products sold; price competition; sales discounts; fluctuation of exchange rates; and increases in labor costs. Service gross margin may be impacted by various factors such as the change in mix between technical support services and advanced IT professional services, the timing of technical support service contract initiations and renewals and the timing of our strategic investments in headcount and resources to support this business.

Research and Development Expenses, Net. Research and development costs consist primarily of personnel expenses of employees engaged in on-going research and development activities, subcontracting, development tools and other related expenses. The capitalization of software development costs is applied as reductions to gross research and development costs to calculate net research and development expenses.

The following table sets forth the gross research and development costs, capitalized software development costs, and the net research and development expenses for the periods indicated:

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for sales and marketing personnel, sales commissions, third party royalties, marketing programs and campaigns, website related expenses, public relations, on-line advertising, industry analyst relations, promotional materials, travel expenses and conferences and trade shows exhibit expenses, as well as amortization of acquired customer relationships recorded as a result of business combinations.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related expenses for executive, accounting, human resources and administrative personnel, professional fees, legal expenses, provisions for doubtful accounts, and other general and administrative corporate expenses.

Financial income (expenses), net. Net financial income (expenses) consists primarily of interest earned on cash equivalents deposits and marketable securities, bank fees and interest paid on loans received, interest expenses related to liabilities in connection with acquisitions and impact of foreign currency exchange rates fluctuations.

Results of Operations

The following table presents selected consolidated statement of operations data for the periods indicated as a percentage of total revenues:

Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2018

Revenues. Revenues in 2019 increased by 15% from $284.4 million in 2018 to $325.6 million in 2019.

Revenues from the software services business segment increased by 6%, from $81.3 million in 2018 to $86.1 million in 2019.

Revenues from the IT professional services business segment increased by 18% from $203.0 million in 2018 to $239.5 million in 2019, primarily attributable to the inclusion of OnTarget and NetEffects revenues after their acquisition.

Revenues from sales of proprietary technology software licenses decreased by 3% from $17.0 million in 2018 to $16.4 million in 2019.

Revenues from sales of proprietary packaged and third party software solutions increased by 37% from $8.5 million in 2018 to $11.6 million in 2019, primarily attributable to strong demand for our Hermes Air Cargo Management System and for our Magic xpi and FactoryEye integration platforms.

Revenues from maintenance and technical support remained stagnant at $31.0 million in 2019 compared to 2018.

Revenues from IT consulting services increased by 17% from $228.0 million in 2018 to $266.6 million in 2019. The increase was primarily attributable to the inclusion of OnTarget and NetEffects revenues after their acquisition.

The following table summarizes our revenues by geographical market for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019:

Cost of Revenues. Cost of revenues increased by 14% from $195.6 million in 2018 to $223.5 million in 2019.

Cost of revenues for software increased by 3% from $10.0 million in 2018 to $10.2 million in 2019.

Cost of revenues for maintenance and technical support increased by 1% from $4.1 million in 2018 to $4.2 million in 2019.

Cost of revenues for IT consulting services increased by 15% from $181.5 million in 2018 to $209.1 million in 2019. The increase in cost of revenues for IT consulting services is consistent with the increase in revenues from the same segment. Cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 include $2,000 and $0, respectively, of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Gross Margin. Gross margin remained stagnant at 31% in 2019 compared to 2018.

Research and Development Expenses, Net. Gross research and development costs increased by 32% from $9.4 million in 2018 to $12.3 million in 2019. Net research and development costs increased by 45% from $5.7 million in 2018 to $8.2 million in 2019. In 2019, we capitalized $4.1 million of software development costs compared to $3.7 million in 2018. Net research and development costs as a percentage of revenues was 2.5% in 2019 compared to 2.0% in 2018. Gross (net) research and development costs as a percentage of revenues of our software services business segment was approximately 14% (10%) in 2019 compared to approximately 12% (7%) in 2018. The increase in our absolute gross and net research and development costs in 2019 is primarily due to our investments in Magic SmartUX, Magic xpi and FactoryEye. Research and development costs for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 include $4,000 and $0, respectively, of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased by 12% from $27.2 million in 2018 to $30.5 million in 2019. Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of revenues remained relatively stable at 9.6% in 2018 versus 9.4% in 2019. Selling and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 include $4,000 and $74,000, respectively, of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by 23% from $24.2 million in 2018 to $29.8 million in 2019. General and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues increased from 8.5% in 2018 to 9.1% in 2019. The increase in general and administrative expenses is primarily attributable to the inclusion of OnTarget and NetEffects result of operation commencing on their acquisition date. General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 includes $184,000 of stock-based compensation recorded under ASC 718.

Financial Expenses, Net. We recorded net financial income of $0.1 million in 2018 and net financial expenses of $1.2 million in 2019. The change in net financial expenses (income) between 2018 and 2019 was primarily attributable to the revaluation of the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar on our NIS denominated debt to financial institution.

Taxes on Income. We recorded taxes on income of $7.1 million in 2018 compared to $6.9 million in 2019.

Net Income Attributable to Our Shareholders. Our net income increased from $19.9 million in 2018 to $20.3 million in 2019, primarily attributable to (i) an increase in gross profit of $13.3 million, (ii) a decrease in net income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interests of $0.3 million, and (iii) a decrease in taxes on income of $0.2 million, which was offset by (i) an increase in operating costs of $11.4 million, (ii) an increase in financial expenses, net of $1.3 million, and (iii) an increase in net income attributable to non-controlling interests of $0.7 million.

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2017

Please see Item 5A of our Form 20-F for the Year ended December 31, 2018 filed on April 30, 2019 for this comparison.

To date, we have financed our operations through income generated by operations, proceeds from our public offerings in 1991 (approximately $8.5 million), 1996 (approximately $5.0 million), 2000 (approximately $79.6 million) and 2014 (approximately $54.7 million), private equity investments in 1998 (approximately $12.2 million), 2010 (approximately $20.3 million) and 2018 (approximately $34.6 million), loans and research and development and marketing grants primarily from the Government of Israel. In addition, we have also financed our operations through short-term loans, long-term loans and borrowings under available credit facilities.

In November 2016, we obtained a NIS 120 million loan linked to the New Israel Shekel from an Israeli financial institution. We intended to use the proceeds from this loan for our general corporate purposes, which may include the funding of our working capital needs and the funding of potential acquisitions. The principal amount of the loan is payable in seven equal annual payments with the final payment due on November 2, 2023 and bears a fixed interest rate of 2.60% per annum, payable in two semi-annually payments. The loan, which may be prepaid under certain circumstances (in any event for not less than NIS 5.0 million and thereon for amounts which are a multiple of NIS 5.0 million), is subject to various financial covenants which mainly consist of the following:

To date, we are in full compliance with the financial covenants of the loan.

On July 12, 2018, we issued 4,268,293 ordinary shares at a price of $8.20 per share for a total of $34.6 million net of issuance expenses. The shares were issued to Israeli institutional investors and to our controlling shareholder, Formula Systems (1985) Ltd.

As of December 31, 2019, we had $95.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities, with net working capital of approximately $138.2 million and long term debts to banks and others of approximately $15.5 million compared to $113.9 million in cash and cash equivalents and available-for-sale marketable securities, with net working capital of $158.3 million and long term debts to banks and others of $19.4 million, as of December 31, 2018.

As of December 31, 2018 and 2019, our long-term and short-term debt amounted to $28.0 million and $22.6 million, respectively and our redeemable non-controlling interests as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 amounted to $27.2 million and $21.9 million, respectively.

Based on our current operating forecast, we believe that our cash and cash equivalents (including available-for-sale marketable securities and existing working capital), will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. We assume that our cash provided by operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our operating results, accounts receivable collections, payments of loans and the timing and amount of tax and other payments.

We believe the overall credit quality of our portfolio is strong, with our cash equivalents and fixed income portfolio invested in securities with a weighted-average credit rating exceeding A. Our fixed income and publicly traded equity securities are classified as Level 2 investments, as measured under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as these vendors either provide a quoted market price in an active market or use observable inputs.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:

Net cash provided by operating activities was $45.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $24.1 million and $25.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Net cash provided by operations in 2019 consisted primarily of $25.6 million of net income adjusted for non-cash activities, including $14.0 million of depreciation and amortization expenses, $0.1 million of stock compensation expenses, a $6.5 million decrease in trade receivables, net, a $9.6 million decrease in other long term and short term accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, a $0.1 million of amortization of marketable securities premium, a $2.9 million increase in deferred revenues, and a $1.9 million increase in value of loans which are denominated in NIS as a result of the appreciation of the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar, offset by a $1.9 million change in deferred taxes, net, a $5.3 million decrease in trade payables, and a $7.7 million decrease in accrued expenses and other accounts payable.

Net cash provided by operations in 2018 consisted primarily of $24.8 million of net income adjusted for non-cash activities, including $12.6 million of depreciation and amortization expenses, $0.2 million of stock compensation expenses, a $2.2 million increase in trade payables, a $0.2 million of amortization of marketable securities premium, a $1.8 million increase in accrued expenses and other accounts payable, a $0.4 million decrease in deferred revenues, and a $2.1 million decrease in value of loans which are denominated in NIS as a result of the devaluation of the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar, offset by a $0.5 million change in deferred taxes, net, a $4.4 million increase in in other long term and short term accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, and a $11.4 million increase in trade receivables, net.

Net cash provided by operations in 2017 consisted primarily of $17.9 million of net income adjusted for non-cash activities, including $13.6 million of depreciation and amortization expenses, a $0.1 million of stock compensation expenses, a $3.6 million increase in trade payables, a $0.2 million of amortization of marketable securities premium, a $4.4 million increase in accrued expenses and other accounts payable, a $1.2 million increase in deferred revenues, and a $3.2 million increase in value of loans which are denominated in NIS as a result of the appreciation of the NIS in relation to the U.S. dollar, offset by a $1.1 million change in deferred taxes, net, a $1.8 million increase in in other long term and short term accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, and a $15.8 million increase in trade receivables, net.

Net cash used in investing activities was approximately $15.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to net cash used in investing activities of approximately $19.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 and net cash used in investing activities of approximately $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017.