UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 6-K

 

 

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of July 2019

Commission File Number: 001-35931

 

 

Constellium SE

(Translation of registrant’s name into English)

 

 

Tupolevlaan 41-61,

1119 NW Schiphol-Rijk

The Netherlands

(Address of principal executive office)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F: Form

20-F  ☒    Form 40-F  ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):

Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):

Yes  ☐    No  ☒

 

 

 

INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS FORM 6-K REPORT

Attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 is a copy of the financial report of Constellium SE relating to its half-year ended June 30, 2019.

Exhibit Index

 

No.		Description
99.1		Unaudited Interim consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six-months ended June 30, 2019

The information contained in Exhibit 99.1 of this Form 6-K is incorporated by reference into any offering circular or registration statement (or into any prospectus that forms a part thereof) filed by Constellium SE with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

		CONSTELLIUM SE (Registrant)
July 25, 2019		By:		/s/ Peter R. Matt
		Name:		Peter R. Matt
		Title:		Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 99.1

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

 

(in millions of Euros)		Notes				Three months ended June 30, 2019				Three months ended June 30, 2018				Six months ended June 30, 2019				Six months ended June 30, 2018
Revenue			4				1,538				1,474				3,074				2,860
Cost of sales							(1,356	)			(1,300	)			(2,748	)			(2,549	)
Gross profit							182				174				326				311
Selling and administrative expenses							(70	)			(59	)			(138	)			(117	)
Research and development expenses							(12	)			(10	)			(24	)			(21	)
Restructuring costs							(1	)			—				(1	)			—
Other gains / (losses) – net			6				(30	)			24				(14	)			(23	)
Income from operations							69				129				149				150
Finance costs – net			8				(43	)			(40	)			(89	)			(78	)
Share of income / (loss) of joint-ventures			9				—				(9	)			5				(12	)
Income before income tax							26				80				65				60
Income tax expense			10				(9	)			(25	)			(24	)			(29	)
Net income							17				55				41				31
Net income attributable to:
Equity holders of Constellium							16				55				39				31
Non-controlling interests							1				—				2				—
Net income							17				55				41				31

Earnings per share attributable to the equity holders of Constellium

 

(in Euros per share)		Notes				Three months ended June 30, 2019				Three months ended June 30, 2018				Six months ended June 30, 2019				Six months ended June 30, 2018
Basic			11				0.12				0.41				0.29				0.23
Diluted			11				0.11				0.39				0.28				0.22

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

-1-

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME / (LOSS)

 

(in millions of Euros)		Notes				Three months ended June 30, 2019				Three months ended June 30, 2018				Six months ended June 30, 2019				Six months ended June 30, 2018
Net income							17				55				41				31
Other comprehensive (loss) / income:
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated income statement
Remeasurement on post-employment benefit obligations			21				(34	)			2				(62	)			27
Income tax on remeasurement on post-employment benefit obligations							8				(1	)			15				(7	)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to the consolidated income statement
Cash flow hedges			20				2				(23	)			(5	)			(14	)
Net investment hedges			20				5				—				4				—
Income tax on hedges							—				8				2				5
Currency translation differences							(6	)			4				(1	)			1
Other comprehensive (loss) / income							(25	)			(10	)			(47	)			12
Total comprehensive (loss) / income							(8	)			45				(6	)			43
Attributable to:
Equity holders of Constellium							(9	)			45				(8	)			43
Non-controlling interests							1				—				2				—
Total comprehensive (loss) / income							(8	)			45				(6	)			43

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

-2-

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

 

(in millions of Euros)		Notes				At June 30, 2019				At December 31, 2018
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents			12				213				164
Trade receivables and other			13				630				587
Inventories			14				713				660
Other financial assets			19				19				30
							1,575				1,441
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment			15				1,981				1,666
Goodwill			16				447				422
Intangible assets			16				68				70
Investments accounted for under the equity method							1				1
Deferred income tax assets							155				163
Trade receivables and other			13				67				64
Other financial assets			19				7				74
							2,726				2,460
Total Assets							4,301				3,901
Liabilities
Current liabilities
Trade payables and other			17				1,120				968
Borrowings			18				162				57
Other financial liabilities			19				44				60
Income tax payables							9				8
Provisions			22				22				46
							1,357				1,139
Non-current liabilities
Trade payables and other			17				28				27
Borrowings			18				2,216				2,094
Other financial liabilities			19				25				29
Pension and other post-employment benefit obligations			21				672				610
Provisions			22				95				94
Deferred income tax liabilities							21				22
							3,057				2,876
Total Liabilities							4,414				4,015
Equity
Share capital			24				3				3
Share premium			24				420				420
Retained deficit and other reserves							(546	)			(545	)
Equity attributable to equity holders of Constellium							(123	)			(122	)
Non-controlling interests							10				8
Total Equity							(113	)			(114	)
Total Equity and Liabilities							4,301				3,901

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

-3-

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

 

(in millions of Euros)		Share capital				Share premium				Re- measurement				Cash flow and net investment hedges				Foreign currency translation reserve				Other reserves				Retained losses				Total Equity holders of Constellium				Non- controlling interests				Total equity
At January 1, 2019			3				420				(129	)			(8	)			3				37				(448	)			(122	)			8				(114	)
Net income			—				—				—				—				—				—				39				39				2				41
Other comprehensive (loss) / income			—				—				(47	)			1				(1	)			—				—				(47	)			—				(47	)
Total comprehensive (loss) / income			—				—				(47	)			1				(1	)			—				39				(8	)			2				(6	)
Transactions with equity holders Share-based compensation			—				—				—				—				—				7				—				7				—				7
Transactions with non-controlling interests			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
At June 30, 2019			3				420				(176	)			(7	)			2				44				(409	)			(123	)			10				(113	)
(in millions of Euros)		Share capital				Share premium				Re- measurement				Cash flow and net investment hedges				Foreign currency translation reserve				Other reserves				Retained losses				Total Equity holders of Constellium				Non- controlling interests				Total equity
At January 1, 2018			3				420				(147	)			13				(7	)			25				(634	)			(327	)			8				(319	)
Change in accounting policies			—				—				—				—				—				—				(2	)			(2	)			—				(2	)
At January 1, 2018 restated			3				420				(147	)			13				(7	)			25				(636	)			(329	)			8				(321	)
Net income			—				—				—				—				—				—				31				31				—				31
Other comprehensive income / (loss)			—				—				20				(9	)			1				—				—				12				—				12
Total comprehensive income / (loss)			—				—				20				(9	)			1				—				31				43				—				43
Transactions with equity holders Share-based compensation			—				—				—				—				—				6				—				6				—				6
Transactions with non-controlling interests			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—
At June 30, 2018			3				420				(127	)			4				(6	)			31				(605	)			(280	)			8				(272	)
(in millions of Euros)		Share capital				Share premium				Re- measurement				Cash flow and net investment hedges				Foreign currency translation reserve				Other reserves				Retained losses				Total Equity holders of Constellium				Non- controlling interests				Total equity
At January 1, 2018			3				420				(147	)			13				(7	)			25				(634	)			(327	)			8				(319	)
Change in accounting policies			—				—				—				—				—				—				(2	)			(2	)			—				(2	)
At January 1, 2018 restated			3				420				(147	)			13				(7	)			25				(636	)			(329	)			8				(321	)
Net income			—				—				—				—				—				—				188				188				2				190
Other comprehensive income / (loss)			—				—				18				(21	)			10				—				—				7				—				7
Total comprehensive income / (loss)			—				—				18				(21	)			10				—				188				195				2				197
Transactions with equity holders Share-based compensation			—				—				—				—				—				12				—				12				—				12
Transactions with non-controlling interests			—				—				—				—				—				—				—				—				(2	)			(2	)
At December 31, 2018			3				420				(129	)			(8	)			3				37				(448	)			(122	)			8				(114	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

-4-

UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

 

						Six months				Six months
						ended				ended
(in millions of Euros)		Notes				June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
Net income							41				31
Adjustments:
Depreciation and amortization			15, 16				117				90
Finance costs – net			8				89				78
Income tax expense			10				24				29
Share of (income) / loss of joint-ventures			9				(5	)			12
Unrealized (gains) / losses on derivatives – net and from remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities – net							(17	)			41
Losses on disposal			6				2				4
Other – net							6				5
Interest paid							(78	)			(60	)
Income tax paid							(11	)			(11	)
Change in trade working capital:
Inventories							24				(94	)
Trade receivables							(29	)			(196	)
Trade payables							104				108
Margin calls							5				—
Change in provisions and pension obligations							(15	)			(11	)
Other working capital							3				(32	)
Net cash flows from / (used in) operating activities							260				(6	)
Purchases of property, plant and equipment			5				(130	)			(97	)
Acquisitions of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired			3				(83	)			—
Proceeds from disposals, net of cash							1				—
Equity contributions and loans to joint-ventures							—				(13	)
Other investing activities							(4	)			6
Net cash flows used in investing activities							(216	)			(104	)
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities and other loans			18				76				10
Payment of lease liabilities			18				(70	)			(7	)
Transactions with non-controlling interests							(2	)			—
Other financing activities							—				4
Net cash flows from financing activities							4				7
Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents							48				(103	)
Cash and cash equivalents – beginning of period							164				269
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents							1				—
Cash and cash equivalents – end of period			12				213				166

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

-5-

Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

Constellium is a global leader in the design and manufacture of a broad range of innovative specialty rolled and extruded aluminium products, serving primarily the packaging, aerospace and automotive end-markets. The Group has a strategic footprint of manufacturing facilities located in North America, Europe and China and operates 26 production facilities, 3 administrative centers and 3 R&D centers. The Group has approximately 13,000 employees.

On June 28, 2019, the Company changed its legal form from Naamloze Vennootschap (N.V.) to Societas Europaea (SE) and its name from Constellium N.V. to Constellium SE.

Constellium is a public company with limited liability. The business address (head office) of Constellium SE is Tupolevlaan 41-61, 1119 NW Schiphol-Rijk, the Netherlands.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, when we refer to “we”, “our”, “us”, “Constellium”, the “Group” and the “Company” in this document, we are referring to Constellium SE and its subsidiaries.

NOTE 2 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

2.1 Statement of compliance

The Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements present the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Income Statement, Statement of Comprehensive Income / (Loss) and Statement of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018; and the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and Changes in Equity as at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018. They are prepared in accordance with IAS 34, ‘Interim Financial Reporting’ and with generally accepted accounting principles under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

The Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all the information and disclosures required in the Consolidated Financial Statements. They should be read in conjunction with the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, which were approved by the Board of Directors on March 11, 2019.

These Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements were approved by management on July 22, 2019.

2.2 Basis of preparation

In accordance with IAS 1, ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’, the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared on the assumption that Constellium is a going concern and will continue in operation for the foreseeable future. The Group’s forecasts and projections, taking account of reasonably possible changes in trading performance, including an assessment of the current macroeconomic environment, indicate that the Group should be able to operate within the level of its current facilities and related covenants. Management considers that the going concern assumption is not invalidated by Constellium’s negative equity as at June 30, 2019.

The accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements are consistent with those followed in the preparation of the Group’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2018, except for the application of the effective tax rate in accordance with IAS 34 ‘Interim Financial Reporting’ and for the adoption of new standards effective as of January 1, 2019.

2.3 Application of new and revised IFRS

The Group has applied, for the first time, IFRS 16 - Leases and IFRIC 23 - Uncertainty over Income Tax treatment. As required by IAS 34, the nature and effect of these changes are disclosed below.

Several other amendments and interpretations apply for the first time in 2019, but do not have any impact on the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group. The Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet effective.

 

-6-

IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 - Leases deals with principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosures of leases. The standard provides an accounting model, requiring a lessee to recognize assets and liabilities for eligible leases.

Right-of-use assets

The Group recognizes right-of-use assets at the commencement date of the lease. Right-of-use assets are measured at cost, less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, and are adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognized, initial direct costs incurred, and lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received. Unless the Group is reasonably certain to obtain ownership of the leased asset at the end of the lease term, the recognized right-of-use assets are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of its estimated useful life and the lease term. Right-of-use assets are subject to impairment.

Lease liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Group recognizes a lease liability measured at the present value of lease payments to be made over the lease term. The lease payments include fixed payments less any lease incentive receivables, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, and amounts expected to be paid under residual value guarantees. The lease payments also include the exercise price of a purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised by the Group and payments of penalties for terminating a lease, if the lease term reflects the Group exercising the option to terminate. The variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognized as expense in the period in which the event or condition that triggers the payment occurs.

In calculating the present value of lease payments, the Group uses the incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. After the commencement date, the amount of lease liabilities is increased to reflect the accretion of interest and reduced by the lease payments made. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the in-substance fixed lease payments or a change in the assessment to purchase the underlying asset.

Short-term leases and leases of low-value assets

The Group applies the short-term lease recognition exemption to leases that have a lease term of 12 months or less from the commencement date and do not contain a purchase option. The Group also applies the low-value asset recognition exemption to leases of assets with a value below €5,000. Lease payments on short-term leases and low-value asset leases are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The standard replaced IAS 17 - Leases and is effective for accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019. The Group adopted IFRS 16 retrospectively with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the initial date of application. The Group elected to apply the practical expedients for low-value assets, short-term leases and lease and non-lease components as a single component. In addition, the Group elected for the relief provision of IFRS 16 and did not apply IFRS 16 to contracts that were not previously identified as containing a lease under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4.

The Group recognized right-of-use assets for €102 million and corresponding lease liabilities previously accounted for as operating leases for €102 million on January 1, 2019, excluding initial direct costs, based on an average incremental borrowing rate of 7.6% and no cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings was recognized.

 

		Carrying amount								Carrying amount
(in millions of Euros)		December 31, 2018				IFRS 16 impact				January 1, 2019
Property, plant and equipment			1,666				102				1,768
Borrowings			(2,151	)			(102	)			(2,253	)

As of December 31, 2018, commitments for leases previously accounted for as operating leases amounted to €133 million. The difference compared to the lease liabilities recognized as of January 1, 2019 is primarily explained by the impact of discounting and the recognition of short-term leases and low-value leases on a straight-line basis as expense, partially offset by adjustments as a result of extension options.

IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax treatment

This interpretation provides guidance on how to determine an entity’s taxable result where there is uncertainty over whether tax positions taken by an entity will be accepted by the tax authority. The recognition criteria shall be based on the assessment of whether the tax authority will accept a tax treatment, on a more-likely-than-not basis, assuming that the tax authority has full knowledge of all relevant information. Uncertain tax positions recognized shall be measured using either (i) the most likely amount between two possible outcomes or (ii) the weighted average amount of several possible outcomes (expected value), depending on which is thought to give a better prediction of the resolution of the uncertainty.

 

-7-

The Group adopted IFRIC 23 using the cumulative effect method of adoption at the date of initial application. There was no cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2019.

The adoption of IFRIC 23 resulted in the reclassification of €20 million from Provisions to Income tax payable and reduction of Deferred income tax assets and current tax receivables.

2.4 Presentation of the operating performance of each operating segment and of the Group

In accordance with IFRS 8 - Operating Segments, operating segments are based upon the product lines, markets and industries served, and are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer.

Constellium’s CODM measures the profitability and financial performance of its operating segments based on Adjusted EBITDA as it illustrates the underlying performance of continuing operations by excluding certain non-recurring and non-operating items. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income / (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes, results from joint ventures, net finance costs, other expenses and depreciation and amortization as adjusted to exclude restructuring costs, impairment charges, unrealized gains or losses on derivatives and on foreign exchange differences on transactions that do not qualify for hedge accounting, metal price lag, share-based compensation expense, effects of certain purchase accounting adjustments, start-up and development costs or acquisition, integration and separation costs, certain incremental costs and other exceptional, unusual or generally non-recurring items.

2.5 Principles governing the preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the principal exchange rates used for the preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements of the Group:

 

						Six months ended								Six months ended				At December 31,
						June 30, 2019				At June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018				2018
Foreign exchange rate for 1 Euro						Average rate				Closing rate				Average rate				Closing rate
U.S. Dollars			USD				1.1297				1.1380				1.2097				1.1450
Swiss Francs			CHF				1.1294				1.1105				1.1696				1.1269
Czech Koruna			CZK				25.6842				25.4470				25.4992				25.7240

Presentation of financial statements

The Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in millions of Euros, except Earnings per share in Euros. Certain reclassifications may have been made to prior year amounts to conform to the current year presentation.

Seasonality of operations

Due to the seasonal nature of the Group’s operations, the Group would typically expect higher revenues and operating profits in the first half of the year compared to the second half.

2.6 Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements requires the Group to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, rarely be equal to the related actual results. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates, the effect of which is recognized in the period in which the facts that give rise to the revision become known.

In preparing these Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements, the significant judgments made by management in applying the Group’s accounting policies and the key sources of estimation uncertainty were those applied to the Consolidated Financial Statements at, and for the year ended December 31, 2018. In addition, in accordance with IAS 34, the Group applied, in the preparation of these Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements, a projected tax rate for the full year of 2019.

 

-8-

NOTE 3 - ACQUISITION OF CONSTELLIUM BOWLING GREEN

The acquisition of 49% of Constellium-UACJ ABS LLC was completed on January 10, 2019, strengthening our position in the North American Auto Body Sheet market. The entity was renamed Constellium Bowling Green and is fully consolidated in 2019.

Constellium is estimating, on a preliminary basis, the provisional fair values as of January 10, 2019 of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. These estimated fair values are subject to change, for a maximum 12-month period from the acquisition date, based upon management’s final determination of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

The following table reflects the goodwill arising as a result of the preliminary allocation of purchase price to the Bowling Green assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 10, 2019:

 

		Estimated Fair
(in millions of Euros)		Value
Cash and cash equivalents			4
Trade receivables and other			49
Inventories			74
Property, plant and equipment			165
Deferred tax assets			1
Trade payables and other			(43	)
Borrowings			(75	)
Net asset acquired at fair value			175
Preliminary Goodwill			22
Total Consideration			197

Total consideration includes €87 million of cash consideration paid for the 49% stake in Constellium-UACJ ABS LLC, €72 million for the fair value of Constellium’s previously held interest in Constellium-UACJ ABS LLC and €38 million of preexisting trade receivables with Constellium-UACJ ABS LLC.

Property, plant and equipment, Inventories, Provisions and Borrowings have been remeasured at fair value. The €22 million of goodwill is the result of expected synergies and will be amortized over 15 years for tax purposes.

Considering the industries served, its major customers and product lines, Bowling Green and its related assets and liabilities are included in the Packaging and Automotive Rolled Products (P&ARP) operating segment.

Acquisition costs were recognized as expenses in Other gains / (losses) – net in the Unaudited Interim Consolidated Income Statement (€1 million in 2019).

 

-9-

NOTE 4 - REVENUE

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table presents our revenue by product line:

 

		Three months				Three months				Six months				Six months
		ended				ended				ended				ended
(in millions of Euros)		June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018				June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
Packaging rolled products			568				589				1,116				1,125
Automotive rolled products			209				163				439				318
Specialty and other thin-rolled products			42				47				90				92
Aerospace rolled products			224				197				429				376
Transportation, Industry and other rolled products			148				148				310				300
Automotive extruded products			199				178				387				347
Other extruded products			148				148				303				296
Other			—				4				—				6
Total Revenue			1,538				1,474				3,074				2,860

The following table presents our revenue by destination of shipment:

 

		Three months				Three months				Six months				Six months
		ended				ended				ended				ended
(in millions of Euros)		June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018				June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
France			154				152				306				302
Germany			339				349				678				700
United Kingdom			49				39				99				83
Switzerland			18				26				38				43
Other Europe			286				270				555				514
United States			600				485				1,164				928
Canada			9				28				27				49
Asia and Other Pacific			68				76				137				143
All Other			15				49				70				98
Total Revenue			1,538				1,474				3,074				2,860

Revenue is recognized at a point in time, except for certain products representing less than 1% of total revenue with no alternative use for which we have a right to payment.

NOTE 5 - OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION

Management has defined Constellium’s operating segments based upon the product lines, markets and industries it serves, and prepares and reports operating segment information to Constellium’s chief operating decision maker (CODM) (see NOTE 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies) on that basis.

5.1 Segment Revenue

 

		Three months ended												Three months ended												Six months ended												Six months ended
						June 30, 2019												June 30, 2018												June 30, 2019												June 30, 2018
						Inter												Inter												Inter												Inter
		Segment				segment				External				Segment				segment				External				Segment				segment				External				Segment				segment				External
(in millions of Euros)		revenue				elimination				revenue				revenue				elimination				revenue				revenue				elimination				revenue				revenue				elimination				revenue
P&ARP			821				(2	)			819				801				(2	)			799				1,649				(4	)			1,645				1,539				(4	)			1,535
A&T			383				(11	)			372				356				(11	)			345				761				(22	)			739				699				(23	)			676
AS&I			347				—				347				327				(1	)			326				691				(1	)			690				644				(1	)			643
Holdings & Corporate(A)			—				—				—				4				—				4				—				—				—				6				—				6
Total			1,551				(13	)			1,538				1,488				(14	)			1,474				3,101				(27	)			3,074				2,888				(28	)			2,860

 

(A)	In 2018, Holdings & Corporate segment included revenues from supplying metal to third parties.

 

-10-

5.2 Segment Adjusted EBITDA and reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income

 

						Three months				Three months				Six months				Six months
						ended				ended				ended				ended
(in millions of Euros)		Notes				June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018				June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
P&ARP							79				75				138				127
A&T							64				47				116				83
AS&I							30				39				59				75
Holdings & Corporate							(6	)			(6	)			(11	)			(9	)
Adjusted EBITDA							167				155				302				276
Metal price lag (A)							(13	)			20				(31	)			24
Start-up and development costs (B)							(3	)			(5	)			(5	)			(9	)
Bowling Green one-time costs related to the acquisition (C)							—				—				(6	)			—
Share-based compensation costs							(4	)			(3	)			(7	)			(6	)
Depreciation and amortization			15, 16				(60	)			(46	)			(117	)			(90	)
Restructuring costs							(1	)			—				(1	)			—
Unrealized (losses) / gains on derivatives			6				(14	)			11				17				(43	)
Unrealized exchange (losses) / gains from the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities – net			6				(1	)			—				—				1
Losses on disposals			6				(1	)			(3	)			(2	)			(4	)
Other							(1	)			—				(1	)			1
Income from operations							69				129				149				150
Finance costs - net			8				(43	)			(40	)			(89	)			(78	)
Share of income / (loss) of joint-ventures							—				(9	)			5				(12	)
Income before income tax							26				80				65				60
Income tax expense			10				(9	)			(25	)			(24	)			(29	)
Net income							17				55				41				31

 

(A)

Metal price lag represents the financial impact of the timing difference between when aluminium prices included within Constellium Revenues are established and when aluminium purchase prices included in Cost of sales are established. The Group accounts for inventory using a weighted average price basis and this adjustment aims to remove the effect of volatility in LME prices. The calculation of the Group metal price lag adjustment is based on an internal standardized methodology calculated at each of Constellium’s manufacturing sites and is primarily calculated as the average value of product recorded in inventory, which approximates the spot price in the market, less the average value transferred out of inventory, which is the weighted average of the metal element of cost of sales, based on the quantity sold in the period.

(B)	For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, start-up and development costs include €5 million and €9 million respectively, related to new projects in our AS&I operating segment.

(C)	For the six months ended June 30, 2019, Bowling Green one-time costs related to the acquisition include the non-cash reversal of the inventory step-up.

5.3 Segment capital expenditures

 

		Three months				Three months				Six months				Six months
		ended				ended				ended				ended
(in millions of Euros)		June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018				June 30, 2019				June 30, 2018
P&ARP			(23	)			(17	)			(44	)			(30	)
A&T			(16	)			(10	)			(29	)			(23	)
AS&I			(31	)			(22	)			(56	)			(42	)
Holdings & Corporate			(1	)			(1	)			(1	)			(2	)
Capital expenditures			(71	)			(50	)			(130	)			(97	)

 

-11-