UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number 001-34260

CHINA GREEN AGRICULTURE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indicate by check mark whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 38,896,945 shares of common stock, $.001 par value, as of May 8, 2018.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CHINA GREEN AGRICULTURE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CHINA GREEN AGRICULTURE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CHINA GREEN AGRICULTURE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

China Green Agriculture, Inc. (the “Company”, “Parent Company” or “Green Nevada”), through its subsidiaries, is engaged in the research, development, production, distribution and sale of humic acid-based compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer, blended fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, slow-release fertilizers, highly-concentrated water-soluble fertilizers and mixed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and the development, production and distribution of agricultural products.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in this Report, the following are the references herein of all the subsidiaries of the Company (i) Green Agriculture Holding Corporation (“Green New Jersey”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green Nevada, incorporated in the State of New Jersey; (ii) Shaanxi TechTeam Jinong Humic Acid Product Co., Ltd. (“Jinong”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green New Jersey organized under the laws of the PRC; (iii) Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Yuxing”), a Variable Interest Entity (“VIE”) in the in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) controlled by Jinong through a series of contractual agreements; (iv) Beijing Gufeng Chemical Products Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jinong in the PRC (“Gufeng”), and (v) Beijing Tianjuyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Gufeng’s wholly-owned subsidiary in the PRC (“Tianjuyuan”).

On June 30, 2016 the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, entered into strategic acquisition agreements and a series of contractual agreements with the shareholders of the following six companies that are organized under the laws of the PRC and would be deemed VIEs: Shaanxi Lishijie Agrochemical Co., Ltd. (“Lishijie”), Songyuan Jinyangguang Sannong Service Co., Ltd. (“Jinyangguang”), Shenqiu County Zhenbai Agriculture Co., Ltd. (“Zhenbai”), Weinan City Linwei District Wangtian Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd. (“Wangtian”), Aksu Xindeguo Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd. (“Xindeguo”), and Xinjiang Xinyulei Eco-agriculture Science and Technology co., Ltd. (“Xinyulei”). On January 1, 2017, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, entered into strategic acquisition agreements and a series of contractual agreements with the shareholders of the following two companies that are organized under the laws of the PRC and would be deemed VIEs, Sunwu County Xiangrong Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd. (“Xiangrong”), and Anhui Fengnong Seed Co., Ltd. (“Fengnong”).

On November 30, 2017, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of contractual agreements with the shareholders of Zhenbai.

Yuxing, Lishijie, Jinyangguang, Wangtian, Xindeguo, Xinyulei, Xiangrong and Fengnong may also collectively be referred to as the “the VIE Companies”; Lishijie, Jinyangguang, Zhenbai, Wangtian, Xindeguo, Xinyulei, Xiangrong and Fengnong may also collectively be referred to as “the sales VIEs” or “the sales VIE companies”.

The Company’s corporate structure as of March 31, 2018 is set forth in the diagram below:

NOTE 2 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principle of consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Green New Jersey, Jinong, Gufeng, Tianjuyuan, and the VIE Companies. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Effective June 16, 2013, Yuxing was converted from being a wholly-owned foreign enterprise 100% owned by Jinong to a domestic enterprise 100% owned by one natural person, who is not affiliated with the Company (“Yuxing’s Owner”). Effective the same day, Yuxing’s Owner entered into a series of contractual agreements with Jinong pursuant to which Yuxing became the VIE of Jinong.

VIE assessment

A VIE is an entity (1) that has total equity at risk that is not sufficient to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other entities, (2) where the group of equity holders does not have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, or the obligation to absorb the entity’s expected losses or the right to receive the entity’s expected residual returns, or both, or (3) where the voting rights of some investors are not proportional to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the entity, their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the entity, or both, and substantially all of the entity’s activities either involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor that has disproportionately few voting rights. In order to determine if an entity is considered a VIE, the Company first performs a qualitative analysis, which requires certain subjective decisions regarding its assessments, including, but not limited to, the design of the entity, the variability that the entity was designed to create and pass along to its interest holders, the rights of the parties, and the purpose of the arrangement. If the Company cannot conclude after a qualitative analysis whether an entity is a VIE, it performs a quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis considered the design of the entity, the risks that cause variability, the purpose for which the entity was created, and the variability that the entity was designed to pass along to its variable interest holders. When the primary beneficiary could not be identified through a qualitative analysis, we used internal cash flow models to compute and allocate expected losses or expected residual returns to each variable interest holder based upon the relative contractual rights and preferences of each interest holder in the VIE’s capital structure.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made. However, actual results could differ materially from those results.

Cash and cash equivalents and concentration of cash

For statement of cash flows purposes, the Company considers all cash on hand and in banks, certificates of deposit with state owned banks in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”) and banks in the United States, and other highly-liquid investments with maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains large sums of cash in three major banks in China. The aggregate cash in such accounts and on hand as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017 were $153,639,728 and $123,050,548, respectively. The Company had $153,634,080 and $122,907,629 in cash in banks in China, and also had $5,648 and $142,919 in cash in two banks in the United States as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Cash overdrafts as of a balance sheet date will be reflected as liabilities in the balance sheet. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risks on its cash in bank accounts.

Accounts receivable

The Company’s policy is to maintain reserves for potential credit losses on accounts receivable. Management regularly reviews the composition of accounts receivable and analyzes customer credit worthiness, current economic trends and changes in customer payment patterns to evaluate the adequacy of these reserves at each year-end. Accounts considered uncollectible are written off through a charge to the valuation allowance. As of March 31, 2018, and June 30, 2017, the Company had accounts receivable of $178,750,045 and $149,709,758, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $19,458,519 and $9,457,423, respectively.

Inventories

Inventory is valued at the lower of cost (determined on a weighted average basis) or market. Inventories consist of raw materials, work in process, finished goods and packaging materials. The Company reviews its inventories regularly for possible obsolete goods and establishes reserves when determined necessary.

Deferred assets

Deferred assets represent amounts that the distributors owed to the Company in their marketing efforts and developing standard stores to expand the Company’s products’ competitiveness and market shares. The amount owed to the Company to assist its distributors will be expensed over three years, which is the term as stated in the cooperation agreement, as long as the distributors are actively selling the Company’s products. For the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company amortized $0 and $13,735,614, respectively, of the deferred assets. If a distributor breaches, defaults, or terminates the agreement with the Company within the three-year period, the outstanding unamortized portion of the amount owed will become payable to the Company immediately.

The deferred assets consist of items inside the distributors’ stores such as furniture, racks, cabinets, and display units, and items outside or attached to the distributors’ stores such as signage and billboards. These types of assets would be capitalized as fixed assets if the Company actually owned the stores or utilized the assets for its own operations. These assets would also be capitalized as leasehold improvements if the Company leased these stores from the distributors. Therefore, the Company believes that under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, these types of asset purchases are properly capitalized. In addition, the Company believes that these assets are properly classified as deferred assets because if a distributor breaches, defaults, or terminates the agreement with the Company within a three-year period, a proportionate amount expended by the Company is to be repaid by the distributor.

The assets inside the distributors’ stores are custom made to fit the layout of each individual store and the signage and billboards are also custom designed to fit the specific location. The assets were purchased by the Company directly from the manufacturers and installed in the distributors’ stores. The Company wants to maintain control over the quality of the items being purchased as well as making them uniform among all the distributor locations.

Intangible Assets

The Company records intangible assets acquired individually or as part of a group at fair value. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over the useful life of the intangible asset, which is the period over which the asset is expected to contribute directly or indirectly to the entity’s future cash flows. The Company evaluates intangible assets for impairment at least annually and more often whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Whenever any such impairment exists, an impairment loss will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value.

Customer deposits

Payments received before all of the relevant criteria for revenue recognition are satisfied are recorded as customer deposits. When all revenue recognition criteria are met, the customer deposits are recognized as revenue. As of March 31, 2018, and June 30, 2017, the Company had customer deposits of $4,781,397 and $7,046,570, respectively. 

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock plus the effect of dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options and stock awards.

The components of basic and diluted earnings per share consist of the following:

Recent accounting pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five-step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than are required under existing U.S. GAAP. This pronouncement is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and is to be applied using one of two retrospective application methods, with early application not permitted. The Company is currently assessing the materiality of the impact to our consolidated financial statements and has not yet selected a transition approach.

In January 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-01 (Subtopic 225-20) - Income Statement - Extraordinary and Unusual Items. ASU 2015-01 eliminates the concept of an extraordinary item from GAAP. As a result, an entity will no longer be required to segregate extraordinary items from the results of ordinary operations, to separately present an extraordinary item on its income statement, net of tax, after income from continuing operations or to disclose income taxes and earnings-per-share data applicable to an extraordinary item. However, ASU 2015-01 will still retain the presentation and disclosure guidance for items that are unusual in nature and occur infrequently. ASU 2015-01 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-01 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Early adoption is permitted.

In February, 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. ASU 2015-02 provides guidance on the consolidation evaluation for reporting organizations that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability corporations, and securitization structures (collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, and mortgage-backed security transactions). ASU 2015-02 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-02 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Early adoption is permitted.

In September, 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805). Topic 805 requires that an acquirer retrospectively adjust provisional amounts recognized in a business combination, during the measurement period. To simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts, the amendments in the Update require that the acquirer recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amount is determined. The acquirer is required to also record, in the same period’s financial statements, the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date.  In addition, an entity is required to present separately on the face of the income statement or disclose in the notes to the financial statements the portion of the amount recorded in current-period earnings by line item that would have been recorded in previous reporting periods if the adjustment to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date. ASU 2015-16 is effective for fiscal years beginning December 15, 2015. The adoption of ASU 2015-016 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. The new guidance requires that all deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, be classified as noncurrent on the balance sheet. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company does not anticipate the adoption of this ASU will have a significant impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The guidance in ASU No. 2016-02 supersedes the lease recognition requirements in ASC Topic 840, Leases (FAS 13). ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases, along with additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share Based Payment Accounting, to simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The guidance will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this newly issued guidance to its consolidated financial statements.

In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing” (“ASU 2016-10”), which clarifies the following two aspects of Topic 606: (a) identifying performance obligations; and (b) the licensing implementation guidance. The amendments do not change the core principle of the guidance in Topic 606. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods, which will be our interim period beginning July 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-11, “Revenue Recognition (Topic 605) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Rescission of SEC Guidance Because of Accounting Standards Updates 2014-09 and 2014-06 Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the March 3, 2016 EITF Meeting” (“ASU 2016-11”), which clarifies revenue and expense recognition for freight costs, accounting for shipping and handling fees and costs, and accounting for consideration given by a vendor to a customer. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods, which will be our interim period beginning July 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-12, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients” (“ASU 2016-12”), which amends the guidance in the new revenue standard on collectability, noncash consideration, presentation of sales tax, and transition. The amendments are intended to address implementation issues and provide additional practical expedients to reduce the cost and complexity of applying the new revenue standard. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods, which will be our interim period beginning July 1, 2018. Early adoption is permitted only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, regarding ASC Topic 230 “Statement of Cash Flows.” This update addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The new guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this standard to have a significant effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): “Restricted Cash”(“ASU 2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. This update is effective in fiscal years, including interim periods, beginning after December 15, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance will result in the inclusion of the restricted cash balances within the overall cash balance and removal of the changes in restricted cash activity, which is currently recognized in other financing activities, on the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. Furthermore, an additional reconciliation will be required to reconcile Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Consolidated Balance Sheets to sum to the total shown in the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows. The Company anticipates adopting this new guidance effective July 1, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact it will have on the Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business (ASU 2017-01), which revises the definition of a business and provides new guidance in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. This guidance will be effective for us in the first quarter of 2018 on a prospective basis, and early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, “Compensation—Stock compensation (Topic 718): Scope of modification accounting” (“ASU 2017-09”). The purpose of the amendment is to clarify which changes to the terms or condition of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. For all entities that offer share-based payment awards, ASU 2017-09 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASU 2017-09 on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission do not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future financial statements.

NOTE 3 – INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following:

NOTE 4 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consisted of the following:

NOTE 5 – INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets consisted of the following:

LAND USE RIGHT

On September 25, 2009, Yuxing was granted a land use right for approximately 88 acres (353,000 square meters or 3.8 million square feet) by the People’s Government and Land & Resources Bureau of Hu County, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province. The fair value of the related intangible asset was determined to be the respective cost of RMB73,184,895 (or $11,643,717). The intangible asset is being amortized over the grant period of 50 years using the straight line method.

On August 13, 2003, Tianjuyuan was granted a certificate of Land Use Right for a parcel of land of approximately 11 acres (42,726 square meters or 459,898 square feet) at Ping Gu District, Beijing. The purchase cost was recorded at RMB 1,045,950 (or $166,411). The intangible asset is being amortized over the grant period of 50 years.

On August 16, 2001, Jinong received a land use right as a contribution from a shareholder, which was granted by the People’s Government and Land & Resources Bureau of Yangling District, Shaanxi Province. The fair value of the related intangible asset at the time of the contribution was determined to be RMB7, 285,099 (or $1,159,059). The intangible asset is being amortized over the grant period of 50 years.

The Land Use Rights consisted of the following:

TECHNOLOGY PATENT

On August 16, 2001, Jinong was issued a technology patent related to a proprietary formula used in the production of humic acid. The fair value of the related intangible asset was determined to be the respective cost of RMB5, 875,068 (or $934,723) and is being amortized over the patent period of 10 years using the straight line method. This technology patent has been fully amortized.

On July 2, 2010, the Company acquired Gufeng and its wholly-owned subsidiary Tianjuyuan. The fair value on the acquired technology patent was estimated to be RMB9, 200,000 (or $1,463,720) and is amortized over the remaining useful life of six years using the straight line method.

The technology know-how consisted of the following:

CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS

On July 2, 2010, the Company acquired Gufeng and its wholly-owned subsidiary Tianjuyuan. The fair value of the acquired customer relationships was estimated to be RMB65,000,000 (or $10,341,500) and is amortized over the remaining useful life of ten years. On June 30, 2016, and January 1, 2017 the Company acquired the VIE Companies. The fair value of the acquired customer relationships was estimated to be RMB14,729,602 (or $2,343,480) and is amortized over the remaining useful life of seven to ten years.

NON-COMPETE AGREEMENT

On July 2, 2010, the Company acquired Gufeng and its wholly-owned subsidiary Tianjuyuan. The fair value of the acquired non-compete agreement was estimated to be RMB1,320,000 (or $210,012) and is amortized over the remaining useful life of five years using the straight line method.  On June 30, 2016, and January 1, 2017 the Company acquired the VIE Companies. The fair value of the acquired non-compete agreements was estimated to be RMB6,843,439 (or $1,088,792) and is amortized over the remaining useful life of five years using the straight line method.

TRADEMARKS

On July 2, 2010, the Company acquired Gufeng and its wholly-owned subsidiary Tianjuyuan. The preliminary fair value of the acquired trademarks was estimated to be RMB40,700,000 (or $6,475,370) and is subject to an annual impairment test. On June 30, 2016, and January 1, 2017 the Company acquired the VIE Companies. The fair value of the acquired trademarks was estimated to be RMB29,648 (or $4,717) and is subject to an annual impairment test.

AMORTIZATION EXPENSE

Estimated amortization expenses of intangible assets for the next five twelve months periods ending March 31, are as follows:

NOTE 6 - OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Other non-current assets mainly include advance payments related to leasing land for use by the Company. As of March 31, 2018, the balance of other non-current assets was $17,291,085, consisting of the lease fee advances for agriculture lands that the Company engaged in Shiquan County from 2018 to 2027.

In March 2017, Jinong entered into a lease agreement for approximately 3,400 mu, and 2600 hectare agriculture lands in Shiquan County, Shaanxi Province. The lease was from April 2017 and was renewable for every ten-year period up to 2066. The aggregate leasing fee was approximately RMB 13 million per annum, The Company had made 10-year advances of leasing fee per lease terms. The Company has amortized $1.6 million as expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2018.

Estimated amortization expenses of the lease advance payments for the next four twelve-month periods ended March 31 and thereafter are as follows:

NOTE 7 – ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER PAYABLES

Accrued expenses and other payables consisted of the following:

NOTE 8 – AMOUNT DUE TO RELATED PARTIES

As of March 31, 2018, and June 30, 2017, the amount due to related parties was $3,329,975 and $3,071,102, respectively.  As of March 31, 2018, and June 30, 2017, $1,113,700 and $1,051,652, respectively were amounts that Gufeng borrowed from a related party, Xi’an Techteam Science & Technology Industry (Group) Co. Ltd., a company controlled by Mr. Zhuoyu Li, Chairman and CEO of the Company, representing unsecured, non-interest bearing loans that are due on demand.  These loans are not subject to written agreements.

On June 29, 2016, Jinong signed an office lease with Kingtone Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Kingtone Information”), of which Mr. Tao Li, Chairman and CEO of the Company, serves as Chairman. Pursuant to the lease, Jinong rented 612 square meters (approximately 6,588 square feet) of office space from Kingtone Information. The lease provides for a two-year term effective as of July 1, 2016 with monthly rent of RMB24,480 (approximately $3,740).

NOTE 9 – LOAN PAYABLES

As of March 31, 2018, the short-term loan payables consisted of two loans which mature on dates ranging from June 9, 2018 through July 30, 2018 with interest rates ranging from 5.22% to 5.50%. Loans No. 1 and 2 below are collateralized by Tianjuyuan’s land use right and building ownership right. Loan No. 2 is guaranteed with parent company’s credit for Jinong.

The interest expense from short-term loans was $452,640 and $464,430 for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

NOTE 10 – CONVERTIBLE NOTES PAYABLE

Relating to the acquisition of the sales VIE Companies, the Company subsidiary, Jinong, issued convertible notes payable to the shareholders of sales VIE Companies twice, in the aggregate notional amount of RMB 63,000,000 ($10,023,300) with a term of three years and an annual interest rate of 3%.

The convertible notes take priority over the preferred stock and common stock of Jinong, and any other class or series of capital stock Jinong issues in the future in terms of interest and payments in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of Jinong. On or after the third anniversary of the issuance date of the note, noteholders may request Jinong to process the note conversion to convert the note into shares of the Company’s common stock. The notes cannot be converted prior to the maturity date. The per share conversion price of the notes is the higher of the following: (i) $5.00 per share or (ii) 75% of the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the date the noteholder delivers the conversion notice. Due to the discontinuation of VIE agreements with Zhenbai’s shareholders, certain convertible notes issued on June 30, 2016 with a face amount of RMB 12,000,000 ($1,909,200) were tendered back to the Company. All outstanding balance of unpaid principal and accrued interest in the tendered convertible notes were forfeited.

The Company determined that the fair value of the convertible notes payable outstanding was RMB 48,118,192 (or $7,655,604) and RMB 56,124,446 ($8,431,912) as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Aside from the forfeiture of the convertible notes previously issued to Zhenbai’s shareholders, the difference between the fair value of the notes and the face amount of the notes is being amortized to accretion implied interest expense over the three-year life of the notes. As of March 31, 2018, the accumulated amortization of this discount into accretion expenses was $859,681.

NOTE 11 – TAXES PAYABLE

Enterprise Income Tax

Effective January 1, 2008, the Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) law of the PRC replaced the tax laws for Domestic Enterprises (“DEs”) and Foreign Invested Enterprises (“FIEs”). The EIT rate of 25% replaced the 33% rate that was applicable to both DEs and FIEs. The two year tax exemption and three year 50% tax reduction tax holiday for production-oriented FIEs was eliminated. Since January 1, 2008, Jinong became subject to income tax in China at a rate of 15% as a high-tech company, as a result of the expiration of its tax exemption on December 31, 2007. Accordingly, it made provision for income taxes for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 of $2,689,188 and $2,814,503, respectively, which is mainly due to the operating income from Jinong. Gufeng is subject to 25% EIT rate and thus it made provision for income taxes of $1,899,873 and $1,428,284 for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Value-Added Tax

All of the Company’s fertilizer products that are produced and sold in the PRC were subject to a Chinese Value-Added Tax (VAT) of 13% of the gross sales price. On April 29, 2008, the PRC State of Administration of Taxation (SAT) released Notice #56, “Exemption of VAT for Organic Fertilizer Products”, which allows certain fertilizer products to be exempt from VAT beginning June 1, 2008. The Company submitted the application for exemption in May 2009, which was granted effective September 1, 2009, continuing through December 31, 2015. On August 10, 2015 and August 28, 2015, the SAT released Notice #90. “Reinstatement of VAT for Fertilizer Products”, and Notice #97, “Supplementary Reinstatement of VAT for Fertilizer Products”, which restore the VAT of 13% of the gross sales price on certain fertilizer products includes non-organic fertilizer products starting from September 1, 2015, but granted taxpayers a reduced rate of 3% from September 1, 2015 through June 30, 2016.

Income Taxes and Related Payables

Taxes payable consisted of the following:

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:

Tax Rate Reconciliation

Our effective tax rates were approximately 19.8% and 20.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Substantially all of the Company’s income before income taxes and related tax expense are from PRC sources. Actual income tax benefit reported in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income differ from the amounts computed by applying the US statutory income tax rate of 34% to income before income taxes for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 for the following reasons:

March 31, 2017

NOTE 12 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

On December 30, 2016, the Company granted an aggregate of 870,000 shares of restricted stock under the 2009 Plan to certain key employees. The stock grants vest immediately. The value of the restricted stock awards was $1,044,000 and is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the grant date.

There were no issuances of common stock during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2018.

On April 6, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate of 345,680 shares of common stock to satisfy its compensation liability of $421,730 due to a former employee. The shares were valued at the market price on the approval of the issuance.

Preferred Stock

Under the Company’s Articles of Incorporation, the Board has the authority, without further action by stockholders, to designate up to 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series and to fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions granted to or imposed upon the preferred stock, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, rights and terms of redemption, liquidation preference and sinking fund terms, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the common stock. If the Company sells preferred stock under its registration statement on Form S-3, it will fix the rights, preferences, privileges, qualifications and restrictions of the preferred stock of each series in the certificate of designation relating to that series and will file the certificate of designation that describes the terms of the series of preferred stock the Company offers before the issuance of the related series of preferred stock.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company has 20,000,000 shares of preferred stock authorized, with a par value of $.001 per share, of which no shares are issued or outstanding.

NOTE 13 – CONCENTRATIONS

Market Concentration

All of the Company's revenue-generating operations are conducted in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC, and by the general state of the PRC's economy.

The Company's operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among other things, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by, among other things, changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation.

Vendor and Customer Concentration

None of our vendors accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s purchases of raw materials and supplies for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

None of our customers accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s sales for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

NOTE 14 – SEGMENT REPORTING

As of March 31, 2018, the Company was organized into four main business segments based on location and product: Jinong (fertilizer production), Gufeng (fertilizer production), Yuxing (agricultural products production) and the sales VIEs. Each of the four operating segments referenced above has separate and distinct general ledgers. The chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) receives financial information, including revenue, gross margin, operating income and net income produced from the various general ledger systems to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance; however, the principal measure of segment profitability or loss used by the CODM is net income by segment.

NOTE 15 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

On June 29, 2016, Jinong signed an office lease with Kingtone Information.  Pursuant to the lease, Jinong rented 612 square meters (approximately 6,588 square feet) of office space from Kingtone Information. The lease provides for a two-year term effective as of July 1, 2016 with monthly rent of $3,895 (RMB24,480).

In January 2008, Jintai signed a ten-year land lease with Xi’an Jinong Hi-tech Agriculture Demonstration Zone for a monthly rent of $827 (RMB5,200).

In February 2004, Tianjuyuan signed a fifty-year lease with the village committee of Dong Gao Village and Zhen Nan Zhang Dai Village in the Beijing Ping Gu District, at a monthly rent of $471 (RMB2,958).

Accordingly, the Company recorded an aggregate of $14,751 and $42,626 as rent expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Lease expenses for the next five twelve month periods ending March 31, are as follows:

NOTE 16 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

In accordance with accounting standards regarding consolidation of variable interest entities, VIEs are generally entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision making ability. All VIEs with which a company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE for financial reporting purposes.

Green Nevada through one of its subsidiaries, Jinong, entered into a series of agreements (the “VIE Agreements”) with Yuxing for it to qualify as a VIE, effective June 16, 2013.

The Company has concluded, based on the contractual arrangements, that Yuxing is a VIE and that the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Jinong, absorbs a majority of the risk of loss from the activities of Yuxing, thereby enabling the Company, through Jinong, to receive a majority of Yuxing expected residual returns.

On June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, entered into strategic acquisition agreements and also into a series of contractual agreements to qualify as VIEs with the shareholders of the sales VIE Companies.

Jinong, the sales VIE Companies, and the shareholders of the sales VIE Companies also entered into a series of contractual agreements for the sales VIE Companies to qualify as VIEs (the “VIE Agreements”).

On November 30, 2017, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, exited the VIE agreements with the shareholders of Zhenbai.

As a result of these contractual arrangements, with Yuxing and the sales VIE Companies the Company is entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits of Yuxing and the VIE Companies. The following financial statement amounts and balances of the VIEs were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2017:

NOTE 17 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

On June 30, 2016, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, entered into strategic acquisition agreements and also into a series of contractual agreements to qualify as VIEs with the shareholders of Shaanxi Lishijie Agrochemical Co., Ltd., Songyuan Jinyangguang Sannong Service Co., Ltd., Shenqiu County Zhenbai Agriculture Co., Ltd., Weinan City Linwei District Wangtian Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd., Aksu Xindeguo Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd., and Xinjiang Xinyulei Eco-agriculture Science and Technology Co., Ltd.

Subsequently, on January 1, 2017, Jinong entered into similar strategic acquisition agreements and a series of contractual agreements to qualify as VIEs with the shareholders of Sunwu County Xiangrong Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd., and Anhui Fengnong Seed Co., Ltd.

On November 30, 2017, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of contractual agreements with the shareholders of Zhenbai.

The VIE Agreements are as follows:

Entrusted Management Agreements

Pursuant to the terms of certain Entrusted Management Agreements dated June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, between Jinong and the shareholders of the sales VIE Companies (the “Entrusted Management Agreements”), the sales VIE Companies and their shareholders agreed to entrust the operations and management of its business to Jinong. According to the Entrusted Management Agreement, Jinong possesses the full and exclusive right to manage the sales VIE Companies’ operations, assets and personnel, has the right to control all the sales VIE Companies’ cash flows through an entrusted bank account, is entitled to the sales VIE Companies’ net profits as a management fee, is obligated to pay all the sales VIE Companies’ payables and loan payments, and bears all losses of the sales VIE Companies. The Entrusted Management Agreements will remain in effect until (i) the parties mutually agree to terminate the agreement; (ii) the dissolution of the sales VIE Companies; or (iii) Jinong acquires all the assets or equity of the sales VIE Companies (as more fully described below under “Exclusive Option Agreements”).

Exclusive Technology Supply Agreements

Pursuant to the terms of certain Exclusive Technology Supply Agreements dated June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, between Jinong and the sales VIE companies (the “Exclusive Technology Supply Agreements”), Jinong is the exclusive technology provider to the sales VIE companies. The sales VIE companies agreed to pay Jinong all fees payable for technology supply prior to making any payments under the Entrusted Management Agreement. The Exclusive Technology Supply Agreements shall remain in effect until (i) the parties mutually agree to terminate the agreement; (ii) the dissolution of the sales VIE companies; or (iii) Jinong acquires the sales VIE companies (as more fully described below under “Exclusive Option Agreements”).

Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreements

Pursuant to the terms of certain Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreements dated June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, among Jinong and the shareholders of the sales VIE companies (the “Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreements”), the shareholders of the sales VIE companies irrevocably appointed Jinong as their proxy to exercise on such shareholders’ behalf all of their voting rights as shareholders pursuant to PRC law and the Articles of Association of the sales VIE companies, including the appointment and election of directors of the sales VIE companies. Jinong agreed that it shall maintain a board of directors, the composition and appointment of which shall be approved by the Board of the Company. The Shareholder’s Voting Proxy Agreements will remain in effect until Jinong acquires all the assets or equity of the sales VIE companies.

Exclusive Option Agreements

Pursuant to the terms of certain Exclusive Option Agreements dated June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, among Jinong, the sales VIE companies, and the shareholders of the sales VIE companies (the “Exclusive Option Agreements”), the shareholders of the sales VIE companies granted Jinong an irrevocable and exclusive purchase option (the “Option”) to acquire the sales VIE companies’ equity interests and/or remaining assets, but only to the extent that the acquisition does not violate limitations imposed by PRC law on such transactions. The Option is exercisable at any time at Jinong’s discretion so long as such exercise and subsequent acquisition of the sales VIE companies does not violate PRC law. The consideration for the exercise of the Option is to be determined by the parties and memorialized in the future by definitive agreements setting forth the kind and value of such consideration. Jinong may transfer all rights and obligations under the Exclusive Option Agreements to any third parties without the approval of the shareholders of the sales VIE companies so long as a written notice is provided. The Exclusive Option Agreements may be terminated by mutual agreements or by 30 days written notice by Jinong.

Equity Pledge Agreements

Pursuant to the terms of certain Equity Pledge Agreements dated June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, among Jinong and the shareholders of the sales VIE companies (the “Pledge Agreements”), the shareholders of the sales VIE companies pledged all of their equity interests in the sales VIE companies to Jinong, including the proceeds thereof, to guarantee all of Jinong’s rights and benefits under the Entrusted Management Agreements, the Exclusive Technology Supply Agreements, the Shareholder’ Voting Proxy Agreements and the Exclusive Option Agreements. Prior to termination of the Pledge Agreements, the pledged equity interests cannot be transferred without Jinong’s prior written consent. The Pledge Agreements may be terminated only upon the written agreement of the parties.

Non-Compete Agreements

Pursuant to the terms of certain Non-Compete Agreements dated June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, among Jinong and the shareholders of the sales VIE companies (the “Non-Compete Agreements”), the shareholders of the sales VIE companies agreed that during the period beginning on the initial date of their services with Jinong, and ending five (5) years after termination of their services with Jinong, without Jinong’s prior written consent, they will not provide services or accept positions including but not limited to partners, directors, shareholders, managers, proxies or consultants, provided by any profit making organizations with businesses that may compete with Jinong. They will not solicit or interfere with any of the Jinong’s customers, or solicit, induce, recruit or encourage any person engaged or employed by Jinong to terminate his or her service or engagement. If the shareholders of the sales VIE companies breach the non-compete obligations contained therein, Jinong is entitled to all loss and damages; if the damages are difficult to determine, remedies bore the shareholders of the sales VIE companies shall be no less than 50% of the salaries and other expenses Jinong provided in the past.

The Company entered into these VIE Agreements as a way for the Company to have more control over the distribution of its products. The transactions are accounted for as business combinations in accordance with ASC 805. A summary of the purchase price allocations at fair value is below:

For acquisitions made on June 30, 2016:

A summary of the purchase consideration paid is below:

The cash component of the purchase price for these acquisitions made on June 30, 2016 was paid in July and August 2016.

For acquisitions made on January 1, 2017:

A summary of the purchase consideration paid is below:

The cash component of the purchase price for these acquisitions made on January 1, 2017 was paid during March 2017.

On November 30, 2017, the Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Jinong, discontinued the strategic acquisition agreements and the series of contractual agreements with the shareholders of Zhenbai. In return, the shareholders of Zhenbai agreed to tender the whole payment consideration in the SAA back to the Company with early termination penalties. The convertible notes paid to Zhenbai’s shareholders and the accrued interest has been forfeited.

For the discontinuation of Zhenbai made on November 30, 2017, the Company gave up the control of the following assets in Zhenbai:

In return, the purchase consideration returned to the Company from Zhenbai’s shareholders is summarized below:

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements appearing elsewhere in this report. This discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve significant risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as the slow-down of the macro-economic environment in China and its impact on economic growth in general, the competition in the fertilizer industry and the impact of such competition on pricing, revenues and margins, the weather conditions in the areas where our customers are based, the cost of attracting and retaining highly skilled personnel, the prospects for future acquisitions, and the factors set forth elsewhere in this report, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this report will in fact occur. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements contained in this report.

The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which they are made, and, except to the extent required by U.S. federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Further, the information about our intentions contained in this report is a statement of our intention as of the date of this report and is based upon, among other things, the existing regulatory environment, industry conditions, market conditions and prices, and our assumptions as of such date. We may change our intentions, at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, as used in the notes to the financial statements of the Company, the following are the references herein of all the subsidiaries of the Company (i) Green Agriculture Holding Corporation (“Green New Jersey”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green Nevada incorporated in the State of New Jersey; (ii) Shaanxi TechTeam Jinong Humic Acid Product Co., Ltd. (“Jinong”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Green New Jersey organized under the laws of the PRC; (iii) Xi’an Hu County Yuxing Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd. (“Yuxing”), a Variable Interest Entity in the PRC (“VIE”) controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (iv) Shaanxi Lishijie Agrochemical Co., Ltd. (“Lishijie”), a VIE controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (v) Songyuan Jinyangguang Sannong Service Co., Ltd. (“Jinyangguang”), a VIE in the PRC controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (vi) Weinan City Linwei District Wangtian Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd. (“Wangtian”), a VIE controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (vii) Aksu Xindeguo Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd. (“Xindeguo”), a VIE controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (vii) Xinjiang Xinyulei Eco-agriculture Science and Technology Co., Ltd (“Xinyulei”), a VIE controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (ix) Sunwu County Xiangrong Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd. (“Xiangrong”), a VIE controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (x) Anhui Fengnong Seed Co., Ltd. (“Fengnong”), a VIE controlled by Jinong through contractual agreements; (xi) Beijing Gufeng Chemical Products Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Jinong in the PRC (“Gufeng”); and (xii) Beijing Tianjuyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Gufeng’s wholly-owned subsidiary in the PRC (“Tianjuyuan”). Yuxing, Lishijie, Jinyangguang, Wangtian, Xindeguo, Xinyulei, Xiangrong and Fengnong may also collectively be referred to as the “the VIE Companies”; Lishijie, Jinyangguang, Wangtian, Xindeguo, Xinyulei, Xiangrong and Fengnong may also collectively be referred to as “the sales VIEs” or “the sales VIE companies”.

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to (i) “PRC” and “China” are to the People’s Republic of China; (ii) “U.S. dollar,” “$” and “US$” are to United States dollars; and (iii) “RMB”, “Yuan” and Renminbi are to the currency of the PRC or China.

Overview

We are engaged in the research, development, production and sale of various types of fertilizers and agricultural products in the PRC through our wholly-owned Chinese subsidiaries, Jinong and Gufeng (including Gufeng’s subsidiary Tianjuyuan), and our VIE, Yuxing. Our primary business is fertilizer products, specifically humic-acid based compound fertilizer produced by Jinong and compound fertilizer, blended fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, highly-concentrated water-soluble fertilizer and mixed organic-inorganic compound fertilizer produced by Gufeng. In addition, through Yuxing, we develop and produce various agricultural products, such as top-grade fruits, vegetables, flowers and colored seedlings. For financial reporting purposes, our operations are organized into three business segments: fertilizer products (Jinong), fertilizer products (Gufeng) and agricultural products (Yuxing).

The fertilizer business conducted by Jinong and Gufeng generated approximately 90.3% and 78.9% of our total revenues for the nine months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Yuxing serves as a research and development base for our fertilizer products.  

Fertilizer Products

As of March 31, 2018, we had developed and produced a total of 722 different fertilizer products in use, of which 138 were developed and produced by Jinong and 333 by Gufeng, and 251 by the VIE companies.

Below is a table that shows the metric tons of fertilizer sold by Jinong and Gufeng and the revenue per ton for the periods indicated:

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, we sold approximately 116,813 metric tons of fertilizer products, as compared to 104,690 metric tons for the three months ended March 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, Jinong sold approximately 12,606 metric tons of fertilizer products, a decrease of 1,849 metric tons, or 12.8%, as compared to 14,455 metric tons for the three months ended March 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, Gufeng sold approximately 104,207 metric tons of fertilizer products, as compared to 90,235 metric tons for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of 13,972 metric tons, or 15.5%.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2018, we sold approximately 265,350 metric tons of fertilizer products, as compared to 238,673 metric tons for the nine months ended March 31, 2017. For the nine months ended March 31, 2018, Jinong sold approximately 40,297 metric tons of fertilizer products, an increase of 557 metric tons, or 1.4%, as compared to 39,740 metric tons for the nine months ended March 31, 2017. For the nine months ended March 31, 2018, Gufeng sold approximately 225,053 metric tons of fertilizer products, an increase of 26,120 metric tons, or 13.1%, as compared to 198,933 metric tons for the nine months ended March 31, 2016. 

Our sales of fertilizer products to customers in five provinces accounted for approximately 65.9% of our fertilizer revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Specifically, the provinces and their respective percentage contributed to our fertilizer revenues were: Hebei (27.7%), Heilongjiang (11.7%), Liaoning (10.9%), Inner Mongolia (9.2%), and Shaanxi (6.4%).

As of March 31, 2018, we had a total of 1,952 distributors covering 22 provinces, 4 autonomous regions and 4 central government-controlled municipalities in China. Jinong had 1139 distributors in China. Jinong’s sales are not dependent on any single distributor or any group of distributors. Jinong’s top five distributors accounted for 2.7% of its fertilizer revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Gufeng had 315 distributors, including some large state-owned enterprises. Gufeng’s top five distributors accounted for 78.07% of its revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Agricultural Products

Through Yuxing, we develop, produce and sell high-quality flowers, green vegetables and fruits to local marketplaces and various horticulture and planting companies. We also use certain of Yuxing’s greenhouse facilities to conduct research and development activities for our fertilizer products. The three PRC provinces that accounted for 80.7% of our agricultural products revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were Shaanxi (67.6%), Sichuan (7.4%), and Gansu (5.7%).

Recent Developments

New products and distributors

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, Jinong launched two new fertilizer products. In addition, Jinong added 12 new distributors during this period. Gufeng did not launch any new fertilizer products but added one new distributor.

Strategic Acquisitions

On June 30, 2016 and January 1, 2017, through Jinong, we entered into (i) Strategic Acquisition Agreements (the “SAA”), and (ii) Agreements for Convertible Notes (the “ACN”), with the shareholders of the companies as identified below (the “Targets”).

June 30, 2016:

January 1, 2017:

Pursuant to the SAA and the ACN, the shareholders of the Targets, while retaining possession of the equity interests and continuing to be the legal owners of such interests, agreed to pledge and entrust all of their equity interests, including the proceeds thereof but excluding any claims or encumbrances, and the operations and management of its business to Jinong, in exchange of an aggregate amount of RMB45,000,000 (approximately $6,731,600) to be paid by Jinong within three days following the execution of the SAA, ACN and the VIE Agreements, and convertible notes with an aggregate face value of RMB 63,000,000 (approximately $9,418,800) with an annual fixed compound interest rate of 3% and term of three years.

Jinong acquired the Targets using the VIE arrangement based on our need to further develop our business and comply with the regulatory requirements under the PRC laws.

As our business focuses on the production of fertilizer, all our business activities intertwine with those in the agriculture industry in China. Specifically, we deal with compliance, regulation, safety, inspection, and licenses in fertilizer production, farm land use and transfer, growing and distribution of agriculture goods, agriculture basic supplies, seeds, pesticides, and trades of grains. It is an industry in which heavy regulations get implemented and strictly enforced. In addition, E-commerce, which is also under strict government regulation in the PRC, has lately become a sales and distribution channel for agricultural products. Currently, we are developing an online platform to connect the physical distribution network we either own or lease.

Compared with the regulatory environment in other jurisdictions, the regulatory environment in the PRC is unique. For example, the “M&A Rules” purports to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals and formed for purposes of overseas listing through acquisition of PRC domestic interests held by such PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by special purpose vehicles.

For both e-commerce and agriculture industries, PRC regulators limit the investment from foreign entities and set particularly rules for foreign-owned entities to conduct business. We expect these limitations on foreign-owned entities will continue to exist in e-commerce and agriculture industries. The VIE arrangement, however, provides feasibility for obtaining administrative approval process and avoiding industry restrictions that can be imposed on an entity that is a wholly-owned subsidiary of a foreign entity. The VIE agreements reduce uncertainty and the current limitation risk. It is our understanding that the VIE agreements, as well as the control we obtained through VIE arrangement, are valid and enforceable. Such legal structure does not violate the known, published, and current PRC laws. While there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC Laws and future PRC laws and regulations, and there can be no assurance that the PRC authorities will take a view that is not contrary to or otherwise different from our belief and understanding stated above, we believe the substantial difficulty that we experienced previously to conduct business in agriculture as a foreign ownership ca be greatly reduced by the VIE arrangement. Further, as an integral part of the VIE arrangement, the underlying equity pledge agreements provide legal protection for the control we obtained. Pursuant to the equity pledge agreements, we have completed the equity pledge processes with the Targets to ensure the complete control of the interests in the Targets. The shareholders of the Targets are not entitled to transfer any shares to a third party under the exclusive option agreements. If necessary, they may transfer shares to our company without consideration.

While the VIE arrangement provides us with the feasibility to conduct our business in the E-Commerce and agriculture industries, validity and enforceability of VIE arrangement is subject to (i) any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (ii) possible judicial or administrative actions or any PRC Laws affecting creditors’ rights, (iii) certain equitable, legal or statutory principles affecting the validity and enforceability of contractual rights generally under concepts of public interest, interests of the State, national security, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing, and applicable statutes of limitation; (iv) any circumstance in connection with formulation, execution or implementation of any legal documents that would be deemed materially mistaken, clearly unconscionable, fraudulent, coercive at the conclusions thereof; and (v) judicial discretion with respect to the availability of indemnifications, remedies or defenses, the calculation of damages, the entitlement to attorney’s fees and other costs, and the waiver of immunity from jurisdiction of any court or from legal process. Validity and enforceability of VIE arrangement is also subject to risk derived from the discretion of any competent PRC legislative, administrative or judicial bodies in exercising their authority in the PRC. As a result, there can no assurance that any of such PRC Laws will not be changed, amended or replaced in the immediate future or in the longer term with or without retrospective effect.

Results of Operations

Three Months ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Three Months ended March 31, 2017.

Net Sales

Total net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were $82,550,883, an increase of $1,245,255, or 1.5%, from $81,305,628 for the three months ended March 31, 2017.This increase was largely due to the increase in Gufeng’s sales volume.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, Jinong’s net sales increased by $1,173,512, or 4.5%, to $27,490,333 from $26,316,821 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was mainly attributable to Jinong’s higher selling prices.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, Gufeng’s net sales were $38,932,597, an increase of $8,074,098 or 26.2% from $30,858,499 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was mainly attributable to Gufeng’s increase in both selling prices and sales volume during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, Yuxing’s net sales were $3,041,891, an increase of $260,888 or 9.4%, from $2,781,003 during the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase was mainly attributable to the increase in market demand and the higher prices for Yuxing’s top-grade flowers.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, VIEs’ net sales were $13,086,062, a decrease of $8,263,243 or 38.7%, from $21,349,305 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease was mainly attributable to the decrease in market demand during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Cost of Goods Sold

Total cost of goods sold for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $61,390,972, an increase of $1,437,977, or 2.4%, from $59,952,995 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase was mainly due to the increase in sales volumes for Gufeng and Yuxing.

Cost of goods sold by Jinong for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $13,526,095, an increase of $1,382,928, or 11.4%, from $12,143,167 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The increase cost of goods sold was primarily attributable to the increase in net sales during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Cost of goods sold by Gufeng for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $34,114,896, an increase of $7,795,461, or 29.6%, from $26,319,435 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to the increase in net sales during the three months ended March 31, 2018. 

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, cost of goods sold by Yuxing was $2,517,989, an increase of $287,670, or 12.9%, from $2,230,319 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This increase was mainly due to the increase in Yuxing’s net sales during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Cost of goods sold by VIEs for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $11,231,992, a decrease of $8,028,082, or 41.7%, from $19,260,074 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. This decrease was primarily attributable to decreased sales volume during the three months ended March 31, 2018. 

Gross Profit

Total gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2018 decreased by $192,722 to $21,159,911, as compared to $21,352,633 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Gross profit margin was 25.6% and 26.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in gross profit margin was mainly due to the increasing in cost of raw material and packaging compared to the same period last year.

Gross profit generated by Jinong decreased by $209,416, or 1.5%, to $13,964,238 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $14,173,654 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Gross profit margin from Jinong’s sales was approximately 50.8% and 53.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in gross profit margin was mainly due to the higher packaging cost.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, gross profit generated by Gufeng was $4,817,701, an increase of $278,637, or 6.1%, from $4,539,064, for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Gross profit margin from Gufeng’s sales was approximately 12.4% and 14.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in gross profit percentage was mainly due to the increased weight for lower-margin products sales in Gufeng’s total sales, answering market demand.

For the three months ended March 31, 2018, gross profit generated by Yuxing was $523,902, a decrease of $26,782 or 4.9% from $550,684 for the three months ended March 31, 2017.  The gross profit margin was approximately 17.2% and 19.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The decrease in gross profit margin was mainly due to the higher raw material costs during the three months ended March 31, 2018. 

Gross profit generated by VIEs decreased by $235,161, or 11.3%, to $1,854,070 for the three months ended March 31, 2018 from $ 2,089,231 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Gross profit margin from VIE’s sales was approximately 14.2% and 9.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Selling Expenses

Our selling expenses consisted primarily of salaries of sales personnel, advertising and promotion expenses, freight-out costs and related compensation. Selling expenses were $3,553,306, or 4.3%, of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $6,130,825, or 7.5%, of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $2,577,519, or 42.0%. The selling expenses of Jinong for the three months ended March 31, 2018 were $3,162,789, or 11.5%, of Jinong’s net sales, as compared to selling expenses of $16,894,249, or 64.2%, of Jinong’s net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The selling expenses of Yuxing were $12,691, or 0.4%, of Yuxing’s net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $10,690, or 0.4%, of Yuxing’s net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The selling expenses of Gufeng were $94,665, or 0.2%, of Gufeng’s net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $80,781, or 0.3%, of Gufeng’s net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017. The selling expenses of VIEs were $283,161, or 2.2%, of VIEs’ net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $912,957, or 1.8%, of VIEs’ net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017.

Selling Expenses – amortization of deferred assets

Our selling expenses - amortization of our deferred assets were 0 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $1,556,031 or 1.9%, of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $1,556,031, or 100%. This decrease was due to the fact that all of the deferred assets were fully amortized and therefore no amortization was recorded on the fully amortized assets during the three months ended March 31, 2018. 

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consisted primarily of related salaries, rental expenses, business development, depreciation and travel expenses incurred by our general and administrative departments and legal and professional expenses including expenses incurred and accrued for certain litigation. General and administrative expenses were $7,980,606, or 9.7%, of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $3,971,890, or 4.9%, of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $4,008,716, or 100.9%. The increase in general and administrative expenses was mainly due to Jinong, which had $5,097,168 of general and administrative expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Total Other Income

Total other income consisted of income from subsidies received from the PRC government, interest income, interest expenses and bank charges. The total other expense for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $185,780 as compared to total other income of $177,179 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $362,959, or 204.9 %. The increase in total other expense mainly resulted from the increase for bank charges and accretion expenses.

Income Taxes

Jinong is subject to a preferred tax rate of 15% as a result of its business being classified as a High-Tech project under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (“EIT”) that became effective on January 1, 2008. Jinong incurred income tax expenses of $860,801 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $935,038 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, a decrease of $74,237, or 7.9%.

Gufeng, subject to a tax rate of 25%, incurred income tax expenses of $764,051 for the three months ended March 31, 2018, as compared to $615,713 for the three months ended March 31, 2017, an increase of $ 148,338, or 24.1%.

Yuxing had no income tax for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as a result of being exempted from paying income tax due to the fact its products fall into the tax exemption list set out in the EIT.

Net Income

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2018 was $7,627,033, a decrease of $564,642, or 6.9%, compared to $8,191,675 for the three months ended March 31, 2017. Net income as a percentage of total net sales was approximately 9.2% and 10.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Nine months ended March 31, 2018 Compared to Nine months ended March 31, 2017.